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Bhatia SK, Patel AK, Yang YH. The green revolution of food waste upcycling to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:1273-1287. [PMID: 38582658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
This review emphasizes the urgent need for food waste upcycling as a response to the mounting global food waste crisis. Focusing on polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as an alternative to traditional plastics, it examines the potential of various food wastes as feedstock for microbial fermentation and PHA production. The upcycling of food waste including cheese whey, waste cooking oil, coffee waste, and animal fat is an innovative practice for food waste management. This approach not only mitigates environmental impacts but also contributes to sustainable development and economic growth. Downstream processing techniques for PHAs are discussed, highlighting their role in obtaining high-quality materials. The study also addresses sustainability considerations, emphasizing biodegradability and recycling, while acknowledging the challenges associated with this path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Santolin L, Riedel SL, Brigham CJ. Synthetic biology toolkit of Ralstonia eutropha (Cupriavidus necator). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:450. [PMID: 39207499 PMCID: PMC11362209 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic biology encompasses many kinds of ideas and techniques with the common theme of creating something novel. The industrially relevant microorganism, Ralstonia eutropha (also known as Cupriavidus necator), has long been a subject of metabolic engineering efforts to either enhance a product it naturally makes (polyhydroxyalkanoate) or produce novel bioproducts (e.g., biofuels and other small molecule compounds). Given the metabolic versatility of R. eutropha and the existence of multiple molecular genetic tools and techniques for the organism, development of a synthetic biology toolkit is underway. This toolkit will allow for novel, user-friendly design that can impart new capabilities to R. eutropha strains to be used for novel application. This article reviews the different synthetic biology techniques currently available for modifying and enhancing bioproduction in R. eutropha. KEY POINTS: • R. eutropha (C. necator) is a versatile organism that has been examined for many applications. • Synthetic biology is being used to design more powerful strains for bioproduction. • A diverse synthetic biology toolkit is being developed to enhance R. eutropha's capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Santolin
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian L Riedel
- Berliner Hochschule Für Technik, Department VIII - Mechanical Engineering, Event Technology and Process Engineering, Environmental and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christopher J Brigham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA, USA.
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3
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González-Rojo S, Paniagua-García AI, Díez-Antolínez R. Advances in Microbial Biotechnology for Sustainable Alternatives to Petroleum-Based Plastics: A Comprehensive Review of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1668. [PMID: 39203509 PMCID: PMC11357511 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The industrial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) faces several limitations that hinder their competitiveness against traditional plastics, mainly due to high production costs and complex recovery processes. Innovations in microbial biotechnology offer promising solutions to overcome these challenges. The modification of the biosynthetic pathways is one of the main tactics; allowing for direct carbon flux toward PHA formation, increasing polymer accumulation and improving polymer properties. Additionally, techniques have been implemented to expand the range of renewable substrates used in PHA production. These feedstocks are inexpensive and plentiful but require costly and energy-intensive pretreatment. By removing the need for pretreatment and enabling the direct use of these raw materials, microbial biotechnology aims to reduce production costs. Furthermore, improving downstream processes to facilitate the separation of biomass from culture broth and the recovery of PHAs is critical. Genetic modifications that alter cell morphology and allow PHA secretion directly into the culture medium simplify the extraction and purification process, significantly reducing operating costs. These advances in microbial biotechnology not only enhance the efficient and sustainable production of PHAs, but also position these biopolymers as a viable and competitive alternative to petroleum-based plastics, contributing to a circular economy and reducing the dependence on fossil resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia González-Rojo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Physics, Chemical Engineering Area, Campus de Vegazana s/n, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Paniagua-García
- Centro de Biocombustibles y Bioproductos, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Polígono Agroindustrial del Órbigo p. 2-6, Villarejo de Órbigo, 24358 León, Spain; (A.I.P.-G.); (R.D.-A.)
| | - Rebeca Díez-Antolínez
- Centro de Biocombustibles y Bioproductos, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Polígono Agroindustrial del Órbigo p. 2-6, Villarejo de Órbigo, 24358 León, Spain; (A.I.P.-G.); (R.D.-A.)
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4
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Börner T, Zinn M. Key challenges in the advancement and industrialization of biobased and biodegradable plastics: a value chain overarching perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1406278. [PMID: 39055338 PMCID: PMC11269247 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1406278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
At the International Symposium on Biodegradable Polymers (ISBP2022) in Sion, Switzerland, experts from academia and industry underscored the remarkable progress in biobased and biodegradable polymers (BBPs) since their initial commercialization around 50 years ago. Despite significant advancements, the technology readiness level (TRL), market adoption, and industrialization of BBPs is not yet competitive to conventional plastics. In this perspective, we summarize the challenges and requirements for advancing the development and industrialization of BBPs, drawing insights from international experts coming from academia and industry, who had participated in the survey and podium discussion during the ISBP2022. In fact, BBPs grapple with persistent and emerging challenges throughout the value chain. These challenges can be grouped into four areas and involve i) the pursuit of sustainable feedstocks together with efficient production and downstream processes as well as recycling technologies and infrastructure; ii) meeting or revisiting product requirements by industry, markets, and consumers; iii) navigating a non-level playing field in their sustainability assessment (LCA) compared to conventional plastics; and iv) struggling with underdeveloped and partially biased policy and financial frameworks as well as lacking clear definitions, terminologies and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Börner
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), Sion, Switzerland
- Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Zinn
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), Sion, Switzerland
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Thiele I, Santolin L, Detels S, Osele R, Neubauer P, Riedel SL. High-cell-density fed-batch strategy to manufacture tailor-made P(HB-co-HHx) by engineered Ralstonia eutropha at laboratory scale and pilot scale. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14488. [PMID: 38850269 PMCID: PMC11162103 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The transition towards a sustainable bioeconomy requires the development of highly efficient bioprocesses that enable the production of bulk materials at a competitive price. This is particularly crucial for driving the commercialization of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as biobased and biodegradable plastic substitutes. Among these, the copolymer poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) (P(HB-co-HHx)) shows excellent material properties that can be tuned by regulating its monomer composition. In this study, we developed a high-cell-density fed-batch strategy using mixtures of fructose and canola oil to modulate the molar composition of P(HB-co-HHx) produced by Ralstonia eutropha Re2058/pCB113 at 1-L laboratory scale up to 150-L pilot scale. With cell densities >100 g L-1 containing 70-80 wt% of PHA with tunable HHx contents in the range of 9.0-14.6 mol% and productivities of up to 1.5 g L-1 h-1, we demonstrate the tailor-made production of P(HB-co-HHx) at an industrially relevant scale. Ultimately, this strategy enables the production of PHA bioplastics with defined material properties on the kilogram scale, which is often required for testing and adapting manufacturing processes to target diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Thiele
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of BiotechnologyTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Lara Santolin
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of BiotechnologyTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Svea Detels
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of BiotechnologyTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Riccardo Osele
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of BiotechnologyTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of BiotechnologyTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Sebastian L. Riedel
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of BiotechnologyTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Environmental and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department VIII – Mechanical Engineering, Event Technology and Process EngineeringBerliner Hochschule für TechnikBerlinGermany
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Zhila NO, Sapozhnikova KY, Kiselev EG, Shishatskaya EI, Volova TG. Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Cupriavidus necator B-10646 on Saturated Fatty Acids. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1294. [PMID: 38732762 PMCID: PMC11085183 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been established that the wild-type Cupriavidus necator B-10646 strain uses saturated fatty acids (SFAs) for growth and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis. It uses lauric (12:0), myristic (14:0), palmitic (16:0) and stearic (18:0) acids as carbon sources; moreover, the elongation of the C-chain negatively affects the biomass and PHA yields. When bacteria grow on C12 and C14 fatty acids, the total biomass and PHA yields are comparable up to 7.5 g/L and 75%, respectively, which twice exceed the values that occur on longer C16 and C18 acids. Regardless of the type of SFAs, bacteria synthesize poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), which have a reduced crystallinity (Cx from 40 to 57%) and a molecular weight typical for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)) (Mw from 289 to 465 kDa), and obtained polymer samples demonstrate melting and degradation temperatures with a gap of about 100 °C. The ability of bacteria to assimilate SFAs opens up the possibility of attracting the synthesis of PHAs on complex fat-containing substrates, including waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia O. Zhila
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (K.Y.S.); (E.G.K.); (E.I.S.); (T.G.V.)
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Kristina Yu. Sapozhnikova
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (K.Y.S.); (E.G.K.); (E.I.S.); (T.G.V.)
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Evgeniy G. Kiselev
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (K.Y.S.); (E.G.K.); (E.I.S.); (T.G.V.)
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (K.Y.S.); (E.G.K.); (E.I.S.); (T.G.V.)
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Tatiana G. Volova
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (K.Y.S.); (E.G.K.); (E.I.S.); (T.G.V.)
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
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7
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Thiele I, Santolin L, Meyer K, Machatschek R, Bölz U, Tarazona NA, Riedel SL. Microbially synthesized poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) with low to moderate hydroxyhexanoate content: Properties and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130188. [PMID: 38373562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is the biggest environmental concern of our time. Breakdown products like micro- and nano-plastics inevitably enter the food chain and pose unprecedented health risks. In this scenario, bio-based and biodegradable plastic alternatives have been given a momentum aiming to bridge a transition towards a more sustainable future. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are one of the few thermoplastic polymers synthesized 100 % via biotechnological routes which fully biodegrade in common natural environments. Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB-co-HHx)] is a PHA copolymer with great potential for the commodity polymers industry, as its mechanical properties can be tailored through fine-tuning of its molar HHx content. We have recently developed a strategy that enables for reliable tailoring of the monomer content of P(HB-co-HHx). Nevertheless, there is often a lack of comprehensive investigation of the material properties of PHAs to evaluate whether they actually mimic the functionalities of conventional plastics. We present a detailed study of P(HB-co-HHx) copolymers with low to moderate hydroxyhexanoate content to understand how the HHx monomer content influences the thermal and mechanical properties and to link those to their abiotic degradation. By increasing the HHx fractions in the range of 2 - 14 mol%, we impart an extension of the processing window and application range as the melting temperature (Tm) and glass temperature (Tg) of the copolymers decrease from Tm 165 °C to 126 °C, Tg 4 °C to -5.9 °C, accompanied by reduced crystallinity from 54 % to 20 %. Elongation at break was increased from 5.7 % up to 703 % at 14 mol% HHx content, confirming that the range examined was sufficiently large to obtain ductile and brittle copolymers, while tensile strength was maintained throughout the studied range. Finally, accelerated abiotic degradation was shown to be slowed down with an increasing HHx fraction decreasing from 70 % to 55 % in 12 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Thiele
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara Santolin
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klas Meyer
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Bölz
- HPX Polymers GmbH, Tutzing, Germany
| | - Natalia A Tarazona
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Teltow, Germany.
| | - Sebastian L Riedel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Berlin, Germany; Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Department VIII - Mechanical Engineering, Event Technology and Process Engineering, Environmental and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Medeiros Garcia Alcântara J, Iannacci F, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M. Soft sensor based on Raman spectroscopy for the in-line monitoring of metabolites and polymer quality in the biomanufacturing of polyhydroxyalkanoates. J Biotechnol 2023; 377:23-33. [PMID: 37879569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are among the most promising bio-based alternatives to conventional petroleum-based plastics. These biodegradable polyesters can in fact be produced by fermentation from bacteria like Cupriavidus necator, thus reducing the environmental footprint of the manufacturing process. However, ensuring consistent product quality attributes is a major challenge of biomanufacturing. To address this issue, the implementation of real-time monitoring tools is essential to increase process understanding, enable a prompt response to possible process deviations and realize on-line process optimization. In this work, a soft sensor based on in situ Raman spectroscopy was developed and applied to the in-line monitoring of PHA biomanufacturing. This strategy allows the collection of quantitative information directly from the culture broth, without the need for sampling, and at high frequency. In fact, through an optimized multivariate data analysis pipeline, this soft sensor allows monitoring cell dry weight, as well as carbon and nitrogen source concentrations with root mean squared errors (RMSE) equal to 3.71, 7 and 0.03 g/L, respectively. In addition, this tool allows the in-line monitoring of intracellular PHA accumulation, with an RMSE of 14 gPHA/gCells. For the first time, also the number and weight average molecular weights of the polymer produced could be monitored, with RMSE of 8.7E4 and 11.6E4 g/mol, respectively. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of Raman spectroscopy in the in-line monitoring of biotechnology processes, leading to the simultaneous measurement of several process variables in real time without the need of sampling and labor-intensive sample preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Medeiros Garcia Alcântara
- Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Francesco Iannacci
- Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy.
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Zhila NO, Kiselev EG, Volkov VV, Mezenova OY, Sapozhnikova KY, Shishatskaya EI, Volova TG. Properties of Degradable Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesized from New Waste Fish Oils (WFOs). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14919. [PMID: 37834364 PMCID: PMC10573456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of PHA was first investigated using WFOs obtained from smoked-sprat heads, substandard fresh sprats, and fresh mackerel heads and backbones. All the WFOs ensured the growth of the wild-type strain Cupriavidus necator B-10646 and the synthesis of PHA, regardless of the degree of lipid saturation (from 0.52 to 0.65) and the set and ratio of fatty acids (FA), which was represented by acids with chain lengths from C14 to C24. The bacterial biomass concentration and PHA synthesis were comparable (4.1-4.6 g/L and about 70%) when using WFO obtained from smoked-sprat heads and fresh mackerel, and it was twice as high as the bacterial biomass concentration from the fresh sprat waste. This depended on the type of WFO, the bacteria synthesized P(3HB) homopolymer or P(3HB-co-3HV-co-3HHx) copolymer, which had a lower degree of crystallinity (Cx 71%) and a lower molecular weight (Mn 134 kDa) compared to the P(3HB) (Mn 175-209 kDa and Cx 74-78%) at comparable temperatures (Tmelt and Tdegr of 158-168 °C and 261-284 °C, respectively). The new types of WFO, studied for the first time, are suitable as a carbon substrates for PHA synthesis. The WFOs obtained in the production of canned Baltic sprat and Baltic mackerel can be considered a promising and renewable substrate for PHA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia O. Zhila
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (E.G.K.); (K.Y.S.); (E.I.S.); (T.G.V.)
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Evgeniy G. Kiselev
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (E.G.K.); (K.Y.S.); (E.I.S.); (T.G.V.)
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Volkov
- Centre for Advanced Protein Use Technologies, Kaliningrad State Technical University, Sovetsky Avenue, 1, Kaliningrad 236022, Russia; (V.V.V.); (O.Y.M.)
| | - Olga Ya. Mezenova
- Centre for Advanced Protein Use Technologies, Kaliningrad State Technical University, Sovetsky Avenue, 1, Kaliningrad 236022, Russia; (V.V.V.); (O.Y.M.)
| | - Kristina Yu. Sapozhnikova
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (E.G.K.); (K.Y.S.); (E.I.S.); (T.G.V.)
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (E.G.K.); (K.Y.S.); (E.I.S.); (T.G.V.)
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Tatiana G. Volova
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (E.G.K.); (K.Y.S.); (E.I.S.); (T.G.V.)
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
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10
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Schiewe T, Gutschmann B, Santolin L, Waldburger S, Neubauer P, Hass R, Riedel SL. Real-time monitoring of biomass during Escherichia coli high-cell-density cultivations by in-line photon density wave spectroscopy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2880-2889. [PMID: 37272419 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient monitoring and control strategy is the basis for a reliable production process. Conventional optical density (OD) measurements involve superpositions of light absorption and scattering, and the results are only given in arbitrary units. In contrast, photon density wave (PDW) spectroscopy is a dilution-free method that allows independent quantification of both effects with defined units. For the first time, PDW spectroscopy was evaluated as a novel optical process analytical technology tool for real-time monitoring of biomass formation in Escherichia coli high-cell-density fed-batch cultivations. Inline PDW measurements were compared to a commercially available inline turbidity probe and with offline measurements of OD and cell dry weight (CDW). An accurate correlation of the reduced PDW scattering coefficient µs ' with CDW was observed in the range of 5-69 g L-1 (R2 = 0.98). The growth rates calculated based on µs ' were comparable to the rates determined with all reference methods. Furthermore, quantification of the reduced PDW scattering coefficient µs ' as a function of the absorption coefficient µa allowed direct detection of unintended process trends caused by overfeeding and subsequent acetate accumulation. Inline PDW spectroscopy can contribute to more robust bioprocess monitoring and consequently improved process performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schiewe
- Institute of Chemistry, innoFSPEC, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- PDW Analytics GmbH, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Gutschmann
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara Santolin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saskia Waldburger
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Hass
- Institute of Chemistry, innoFSPEC, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- PDW Analytics GmbH, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian L Riedel
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department VIII-Mechanical Engineering, Event Technology and Process Engineering, Environmental and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Berlin, Germany
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Riedel SL, Donicz EN, Ferré-Aparicio P, Santolin L, Marbà-Ardébol AM, Neubauer P, Junne S. Workflow for shake flask and plate cultivations with fats for polyhydroxyalkanoate bioproduction. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12599-w. [PMID: 37266584 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12599-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Since natural resources for the bioproduction of commodity chemicals are scarce, waste animal fats (WAF) are an interesting alternative biogenic residual feedstock. They appear as by-product from meat production, but several challenges are related to their application: first, the high melting points (up to 60 °C); and second, the insolubility in the polar water phase of cultivations. This leads to film and clump formation in shake flasks and microwell plates, which inhibits microbial consumption. In this study, different flask and well designs were investigated to identify the most suitable experimental set-up and further to create an appropriate workflow to achieve the required reproducibility of growth and product synthesis. The dissolved oxygen concentration was measured in-line throughout experiments. It became obvious that the gas mass transfer differed strongly among the shake flask design variants in cultivations with the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulating organism Ralstonia eutropha. A high reproducibility was achieved for certain flask or well plate design variants together with tailored cultivation conditions. Best results were achieved with bottom baffled glass and bottom baffled single-use shake flasks with flat membranes, namely, >6 g L-1 of cell dry weight (CDW) with >80 wt% polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from 1 wt% WAF. Improved pre-emulsification conditions for round microwell plates resulted in a production of 14 g L-1 CDW with a PHA content of 70 wt% PHB from 3 wt% WAF. The proposed workflow allows the rapid examination of fat material as feedstock, in the microwell plate and shake flask scale, also beyond PHA production. KEY POINTS: • Evaluation of shake flask designs for cultivating with hydrophobic raw materials • Development of a workflow for microwell plate cultivations with hydrophobic raw materials • Production of polyhydroxyalkanoate in small scale experiments from waste animal fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian L Riedel
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76 ACK 24, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
- Department VIII - Mechanical Engineering, Event Technology and Process Engineering, Laboratory of Environmental and Bioprocess Engineering, Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Seestr. 64, Berlin, D-13347, Germany
| | - Ewelina N Donicz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76 ACK 24, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Ferré-Aparicio
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76 ACK 24, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara Santolin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76 ACK 24, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Marbà-Ardébol
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76 ACK 24, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76 ACK 24, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Junne
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76 ACK 24, D-13355, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, DK-6700, Esbjerg, Denmark.
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12
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Santolin L, Thiele I, Neubauer P, Riedel SL. Tailoring the HHx monomer content of P(HB- co-HHx) by flexible substrate compositions: scale-up from deep-well-plates to laboratory bioreactor cultivations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1081072. [PMID: 37214303 PMCID: PMC10193151 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1081072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The enhanced material properties exhibited by the microbially synthetized polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymer poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB-co-HHx)] evidence that this naturally biodegrading biopolymer could replace various functionalities of established petrochemical plastics. In fact, the thermal processability, toughness and degradation rate of P(HB-co-HHx) can be tuned by modulating its HHx molar content enabling to manufacture polymers à-la-carte. We have developed a simple batch strategy to precisely control the HHx content of P(HB-co-HHx) to obtain tailor-made PHAs with defined properties. By adjusting the ratio of fructose to canola oil as substrates for the cultivation of recombinant Ralstonia eutropha Re2058/pCB113, the molar fraction of HHx in P(HB-co-HHx) could be adjusted within a range of 2-17 mol% without compromising polymer yields. The chosen strategy proved to be robust from the mL-scale in deep-well-plates to 1-L batch bioreactor cultivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Santolin
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Thiele
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian L. Riedel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Berlin, Germany
- Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Department VIII – Mechanical Engineering, Event Technology and Process Engineering, Laboratory of Environmental and Bioprocess Engineering, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Piwowarek K, Lipińska E, Kieliszek M. Reprocessing of side-streams towards obtaining valuable bacterial metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2169-2208. [PMID: 36929188 PMCID: PMC10033485 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Every year, all over the world, the industry generates huge amounts of residues. Side-streams are most often used as feed, landfilled, incinerated, or discharged into sewage. These disposal methods are far from perfect. Taking into account the composition of the side-streams, it seems that they should be used as raw materials for further processing, in accordance with the zero-waste policy and sustainable development. The article describes the latest achievements in biotechnology in the context of bacterial reprocessing of residues with the simultaneous acquisition of their metabolites. The article focuses on four metabolites - bacterial cellulose, propionic acid, vitamin B12 and PHAs. Taking into account global trends (e.g. food, packaging, medicine), it seems that in the near future there will be a sharp increase in demand for this type of compounds. In order for their production to be profitable and commercialised, cheap methods of its obtaining must be developed. The article, in addition to obtaining these bacterial metabolites from side-streams, also discusses e.g. factors affecting their production, metabolic pathways and potential and current applications. The presented chapters provide a complete overview of the current knowledge on above metabolites, which can be helpful for the academic and scientific communities and the several industries. KEY POINTS: • The industry generates millions of tons of organic side-streams each year. • Generated residues burden the natural environment. • A good and cost-effective method of side-streams management seems to be biotechnology - reprocessing with the use of bacteria. • Biotechnological disposal of side-streams gives the opportunity to obtain valuable compounds in cheaper ways: BC, PA, vitmain B12, PHAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Piwowarek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Edyta Lipińska
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Piecha CR, Alves TC, Zanini MLDO, Corrêa CDPL, Leite FPL, Galli V, Diaz PS. Application of the solid-state fermentation process and its variations in PHA production: a review. Arch Microbiol 2022; 205:11. [PMID: 36460824 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a type of fermentation process with potential to use agro-industrial by-products as a carbon source. Nonetheless, there are few studies evaluating SSF compared to submerged fermentation (SmF) to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Different methodologies are available associating the two processes. In general, the studies employ a 1st step by SSF to hydrolyze the agro-industrial by-products used as a carbon source, and a 2nd step to produce PHA that can be carried out by SmF or SSF. This paper reviewed and compared the different methodologies described in the literature to assess their potential for use in PHA production. The studies evaluated showed that highest PHA yields (86.2% and 82.3%) were achieved by associating SSF and SmF by Cupriavidus necator. Meanwhile, in methodologies using only SSF, Bacillus produced the highest yields (62% and 56.8%). Since PHA (%) does not necessarily represent a higher production by biomass, the productivity parameter was also compared between studies. We observed that the highest productivity results did not necessarily represent the highest PHA (%). C. necator presented the highest PHA yields associating SSF and SmF, however, is not the most suitable microorganism for PHA production by SSF. Concomitant use of C. necator and Bacillus is suggested for future studies in SSF. Also, it discusses the lack of studies on the association of the two fermentation methodologies, and on the scaling of SSF process for PHA production. In addition to demonstrating the need for standardization of results, for comparison between different methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Rios Piecha
- Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Zip Code 96010-90, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Taisha Carvalho Alves
- Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Science, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza de Oliveira Zanini
- Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Zip Code 96010-90, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Caroline de Paula Lopes Corrêa
- Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Zip Code 96010-90, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
- Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Zip Code 96010-90, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Galli
- Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Zip Code 96010-90, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Silva Diaz
- Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Zip Code 96010-90, Pelotas, Brazil
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Gutschmann B, Huang B, Santolin L, Thiele I, Neubauer P, Riedel SL. Native feedstock options for the polyhydroxyalkanoate industry in Europe: A review. Microbiol Res 2022; 264:127177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Gutschmann B, Högl TH, Huang B, Maldonado Simões M, Junne S, Neubauer P, Grimm T, Riedel SL. Polyhydroxyalkanoate production from animal by-products: Development of a pneumatic feeding system for solid fat/protein-emulsions. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:286-294. [PMID: 36168730 PMCID: PMC9871516 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat-containing animal by-product streams are locally available in large quantities. Depending on their quality, they can be inexpensive substrates for biotechnological processes. To accelerate industrial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) bioplastic production, the development of efficient bioprocesses that are based on animal by-product streams is a promising approach to reduce overall production costs. However, the solid nature of animal by-product streams requires a tailor-made process development. In this study, a fat/protein-emulsion (FPE), which is a by-product stream from industrial-scale pharmaceutical heparin production and of which several hundred tons are available annually, was evaluated for PHA production with Ralstonia eutropha. The FPE was used as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen in shake flask and bioreactor cultivations. A tailored pneumatic feeding system was built for laboratory bioreactors to facilitate fed-batch cultivations with the solid FPE. The process yielded up to 51 g L-1 cell dry weight containing 71 wt% PHA with a space-time yield of 0.6 gPHA L-1 h-1 without using any carbon or nitrogen sources other than FPE. The presented approach highlights the potential of animal by-product stream valorization into PHA and contributes to a transition towards a circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Gutschmann
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Bioprocess EngineeringBerlinGermany
| | - Thomas H. Högl
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Bioprocess EngineeringBerlinGermany
| | - Boyang Huang
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Bioprocess EngineeringBerlinGermany
| | | | - Stefan Junne
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Bioprocess EngineeringBerlinGermany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Bioprocess EngineeringBerlinGermany
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