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Kunutsor SK, Tetteh J, Dey RS, Touw DJ, Dullaart RPF, Bakker SJL. Self-reported smoking, urine cotinine, and risk of type 2 diabetes: Findings from the PREVEND prospective cohort study. Prim Care Diabetes 2024:S1751-9918(24)00076-7. [PMID: 38734534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the evidence has mostly relied on self-reports. We aimed to compare the associations of smoking exposure as assessed by self-reports and urine cotinine with T2D. METHODS Using the PREVEND prospective study, smoking status was assessed at baseline by self-reports and urine cotinine in 4708 participants (mean age, 53 years) without a history of diabetes. Participants were classified as never, former, light current and heavy current smokers according to self-reports and analogous cut-offs for urine cotinine. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were estimated for T2D. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, 259 participants developed T2D. Compared with self-reported never smokers, the multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CI) of T2D for former, light current, and heavy current smokers were 1.02 (0.75-1.4), 1.41 (0.89-2.22), and 1.30 (0.88-1.93), respectively. The corresponding adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 0.84 (0.43-1.67), 1.61 (1.12-2.31), and 1.58 (1.08-2.32), respectively, as assessed by urine cotinine. Urine cotinine-assessed but not self-reported smoking status improved T2D risk prediction beyond established risk factors. CONCLUSION Urine cotinine assessed smoking status may be a stronger risk indicator and predictor of T2D compared to self-reported smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setor K Kunutsor
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - John Tetteh
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard S Dey
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Hospital, Legon, Ghana
| | - Daan J Touw
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Kyung Y, Park YS, Jin MH, Lee HJ. Variability in the association of smoking status with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the Korean population according to different definitions of smoking status: analysis based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2020). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38174714 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2300036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated the association between smoking and diabetes, as well as the effects of gender differences and hidden smoking among females on this association using nationally representative data. Analyzing data from 44,049 individuals aged 19 and older, we utilized multivariable logistic regression to investigate associations, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Subgroup analysis based on smoking status determined factors associated with diabetes. To better our understanding of the smoking-diabetes relationship, we introduced a new variable, survey-cotinine verified smoking status (SCS). This study provides valuable insight by exploring the correlation between smoking and diabetes using different definitions of smoking status. Both male and female smokers showed correlations with diabetes according to cotinine-verified smoking status (OR: 1.22 and 1.48, respectively). According to smoking amount, cotinine-verified heavy smokers correlated with diabetes in males (OR: 1.37), while light smokers exhibited a negative correlation with diabetes in females for both cotinine-verified smoking status (OR: 0.60) and survey-cotinine verified status (OR: 0.58) Smoking was associated with diabetes in the overall population, with gender differences observed. When evaluating this association, we should consider variables of smoking amount, passive and intermittent smoking, and specifically, account for the influence of hidden smoking among females, particularly when utilizing self-reported questionnaires in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechan Kyung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Young Sook Park
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Mi Hyeon Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Hae Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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Li B, Zhu G, Kang P, Chen J, He K, Wang X, Gao T, Li C, Li S. Influences of vitiligo-associated characteristics on the occurrence of diabetes mellitus: Interactive analysis of a cross-sectional study. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1805-1814. [PMID: 37584091 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) in vitiligo patients is higher than that in non-vitiligo population. Our goal was to explore the influencing factors for DM in vitiligo patients. A matched-pair design of 107 cases with DM and 428 controls without DM was conducted among vitiligo patients in Xijing hospital from January 2010 to October 2021. The baseline characteristics of patients were analysed based on standard descriptive statistics. The vitiligo-associated characteristics were analysed by logistic regression to identify influencing factors of DM. Interaction analysis was performed to explore the additive interactions between vitiligo-associated characteristics and baseline characteristics. After adjustment for the baseline characteristics, the severity of vitiligo [odds ratio (OR) = 2.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47-4.14] and onset age of vitiligo (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97-0.99) had a significant correlation with occurrence of DM. The severity of vitiligo had additive interaction with family history of diabetes [relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) = 132.51 (95% CI: 5.51-1100.20), attributable proportion (AP) = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.17-0.95), synergy index (S) = 11.53 (95% CI: 1.32-100.5)] and with smoking history [RERI = 6.54 (95% CI: 0.67-19.83), AP = 0.64 (95% CI: 0.04-0.80), S = 3.48 (95% CI: 1.17-10.36)]. Earlier onset age of vitiligo and greater BSA involvement might be two independent risk factors for DM in vitiligo patients. Interaction assessment identified the severity of vitiligo as additive interaction factors with diabetes family history and with smoking history for the DM occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baizhang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guannan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianru Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaiqiao He
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinju Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Rojas Alvarez A, Vazquez CE, Lopez-Ortega M, Angel JL. A comparison of rural-urban differences in out-of-pocket expenses among older Mexicans with diabetes. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1025159. [PMID: 36339153 PMCID: PMC9634568 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1025159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare total out-of-pocket expenses for physician visits and medications among older adults living with diabetes in Mexico from urban, semi-urban, and rural areas. Methods The sample included 2,398 Mexicans aged 65 years and older with self-reported diabetes from the 2018 Mexican Health and Aging Study. Out-of-pocket expenses for physician visits and medications were regressed on locality, controlling for several factors. Results The profile of those with higher out-of-pocket medication expenditures included rural localities, higher education, unmarried, depressive symptoms, participation in Seguro Popular, and lacking insurance. In the multivariate analysis, rural older adults with diabetes paid a higher amount in medication expenditures compared with other localities. Conclusion Differences in locality are closely tied to the effective implementation of Seguro Popular. Although this program has improved access to care, participants have higher out-of-pocket expenditures for medications than those on employer-based plans across all localities. Among all groups, the uninsured bare the highest burden of expenditures, highlighting a continued need to address health inequities for the most underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Rojas Alvarez
- Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Alfonso Rojas Alvarez
| | - Christian E. Vazquez
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States,Christian E. Vazquez
| | | | - Jacqueline L. Angel
- Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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Qiu S, Cai X, Yuan Y, Xie B, Sun Z, Wu T. Changes in creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio over 4 years, risk of diabetes, and cardiometabolic control: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. J Diabetes 2021; 13:1025-1033. [PMID: 34302440 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio has attracted substantial interest as a measure to reflect health well-being, but no studies have assessed whether its longitudinal changes are associated with risk of diabetes. We aimed to examine their association, along with the exploration of the relationship of such changes with cardiometabolic control in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS We included a total of 3278 participants aged ≥45 years who provided measurements of creatinine and cystatin C at baseline and 4 years later from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Diabetes was diagnosed based on glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), medical history, or use of antidiabetic mediations. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS After 4-year follow-up, 272 participants developed diabetes. Larger increases in creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio were associated with lower risk of diabetes. The multivariable-adjusted OR for diabetes per 1 SD increase in creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio was 0.84 (95% CI 0.72-0.98). Compared with participants showing decreases in creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio but increases in body mass index (BMI), those experiencing increases in creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio and decreases in BMI had the largest risk reduction (multivariable-adjusted OR 0.52). Changes in creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio showed inverse correlation with blood pressure, HbA1c, lipids, and C-reactive protein at the 4-year follow-up. Moreover, they also correlated inversely with changes in HbA1c and C-reactive protein (all P ≤ 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Increases in creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio led to reduced risk of diabetes and may benefit cardiometabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhu Qiu
- Department of General Practice, Zhongda Hospital; Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Cai
- Department of General Practice, Zhongda Hospital; Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital; Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of General Practice, Zhongda Hospital; Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital; Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongzhi Wu
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Kim BJ, Kang JG, Kim BS. Association between secondhand smoke exposure and new-onset hypertension in self-reported never smokers verified by cotinine. Korean J Intern Med 2021; 36:1377-1388. [PMID: 34742177 PMCID: PMC8588976 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2021.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS There is no study assessing the effect of changes of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and new-onset hypertension. We investigated the effect of a change of SHS exposure status on new-onset hypertension in self-reported and cotinine-verified never smokers. METHODS Out of individuals enrolled in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study between 2011 and 2016, 87,486 self-reported and cotinine-verified never smokers without hypertension at baseline visit were included with a median follow-up of 36 months. Individuals were divided into four groups on the basis of their SHS exposure status at baseline and at follow-up: no, new, former, and sustained SHS exposure groups. RESULTS The incidence rates per 10,000 person-year of new-onset hypertension in no, new, former, and sustained SHS exposure groups were 84.7, 113.3, 102.0, and 123.7, respectively (p < 0.001). A multivariable Cox-hazard analyses showed that new and sustained SHS exposure groups increased their hazard ratio (HR) for new-onset hypertension compared to no SHS exposure group (HR, 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.60 for new SHS exposure group; and HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.45 for sustained SHS exposure group). However, being part of the former SHS exposure group did not increase the risk of new-onset hypertension (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.03). CONCLUSION This study showed that either new, or sustained SHS exposure, but not former SHS exposure, increased the risk for new-onset hypertension in self-reported never smokers verified as nonsmokers by urinary cotinine. These findings show the possibility that changing exposure to SHS even for a relatively short period can modify the risk of new-onset hypertension in self-reported and cotinine-verified never smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Byung Jin Kim, M.D. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Korea Tel: +82-2-2001-2401 Fax: +82-2-2001-2400 E-mail:
| | - Jeong-Gyu Kang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim BJ, Kim JH, Kang JG, Kim BS, Kang JH. Association between secondhand smoke exposure and diabetes mellitus in 131 724 Korean never smokers using self-reported questionnaires and cotinine levels: Gender differences. J Diabetes 2021; 13:43-53. [PMID: 32613744 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare the gender-different associations between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and diabetes in self-reported never smokers verified by cotinine. METHODS Self-reported never smokers verified by cotinine levels (<50 ng/mL) enrolled in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study between April 2011 and December 2016 were included for this study. SHS exposure was defined as current exposure to passive smoke indoors at home or workplace. The gender-specific association between SHS exposure and diabetes was assessed using multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS Of the total 131 724 individuals (mean age 35 years, SD 7.1 years), 66.8% were female, and the prevalence of SHS exposure in the entire population was 22.9%. The prevalence of diabetes in the group exposed to SHS was higher than that in the group unexposed to SHS only in females (1.8% vs 1.2%, P < .001 for females; 2.2% vs 2.2%, P = .956 for males). A significant gender interaction existed for the relationships between SHS exposure and diabetes (P for interaction <.001). The multivariate regression model showed that SHS exposure was significantly associated with diabetes only in females (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.40 [1.20, 1.65] for females; 1.00 [0.85, 1.19] for males). In particular, females with SHS exposure ≥1 hour/day, ≥3 times/week, and ≥10 years showed an increased risk of diabetes by more than 50% compared to those without SHS exposure. CONCLUSIONS SHS exposure was significantly associated with diabetes in female never smokers with dose-dependent relationship. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the gender difference in the incidence of diabetes associated with SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gyu Kang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim JH, Kim BJ, Hyun YY, Kang JH. Association between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Metabolic Syndrome in 118,609 Korean Never Smokers Verified by Self-Reported Questionnaire and Urine Cotinine. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020; 35:892-900. [PMID: 33397042 PMCID: PMC7803591 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No study has reported the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in self-reported never smokers verified by both self-reported questionnaire and urine cotinine. METHODS A total of 118,609 self-reported and cotinine-verified never smokers (38,385 male; age 34.8±7.1 years) who participated in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study between 2011 and 2016 were included. Cotinine-verified never smokers were defined as individuals with urinary cotinine <50 ng/mL. SHS exposure was defined as current exposure to passive smoking indoors at home or workplace. RESULTS Prevalence of SHS exposure in the overall population was 22.6% (27.4% for males and 20.3% for females (P<0.001). The overall prevalence of MetS was 6.8% and was higher in males than in females (10.7% vs. 4.9%, P<0.001). In both genders, MetS prevalence was higher in the SHS exposure group than the non-SHS exposure group (11.3% vs. 10.4%, P=0.010 for males; 5.8% vs. 4.6%, P<0.001 for females). However, there was significant gender interaction for the association between SHS exposure and MetS (P for interaction=0.010). In the multivariate regression analyses, SHS exposure was associated with increased MetS odds only in females (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.02 [0.94 to 1.11] in male vs. 1.17 [1.06 to 1.29] in female). In particular, females with SHS exposure of ≥1 hour/day and ≥3 times showed increased odds of MetS compared with those without SHS exposure (1.22 [1.02 to 1.45], 1.30 [1.14 to 1.49]). CONCLUSION This cross-sectional study showed that SHS exposure was significantly associated with prevalence of MetS in self-reported and cotinine-verified female never smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Byung Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Young Youl Hyun
- Division of Nephrology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jin Ho Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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Kim JH, Seo DC, Kim BJ, Kang JG, Lee SJ, Lee SH, Kim BS, Kang JH. Association between Cigarette Smoking and New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in 78,212 Koreans Using Self-Reported Questionnaire and Urine Cotinine. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:426-435. [PMID: 31701695 PMCID: PMC7332330 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No study has assessed association between cigarette smoking and new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) incidence using two different smoking classification systems: self-reported questionnaire and urine cotinine. The objective of this longitudinal study was to evaluate NODM risk using the above two systems in Korean adults. METHODS Among individuals enrolled in Kangbuk Samsung Health Study and Cohort Study who visited between 2011 and 2012 at baseline and 2014 at follow-up, 78,212 participants without baseline diabetes mellitus were followed up for a median of 27 months. Assessment of NODM incidence was made at the end of follow-up period. Cotinine-verified current smoking was having urinary cotinine ≥50 ng/mL. RESULTS Percentages of self-reported and cotinine-verified current smokers were 25.9% and 23.5%, respectively. Overall incidence of NODM was 1.5%. According to multivariate regression analyses, baseline self-reported current smoking (relative risk [RR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.65) and cotinine-verified current smoking (RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.49) increased NODM risk compared to baseline self-reported never smoking and cotinine-verified current non-smoking. Higher daily amount and longer duration of smoking were also associated with increased NODM risk (P for trends <0.05). In particular, self-reported current smokers who smoked ≥20 cigarettes/day (RR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.15) and ≥10 years (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.67) had the highest RRs for NODM. These results remained significant in males, although there was no gender interaction. CONCLUSION This longitudinal study showed that baseline self-reported and cotinine-verified current smoking were associated with increased risks of NODM, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Chul Seo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jeong Gyu Kang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Meo SA, Muneif YAB, BenOmran NA, AlSadhan MA, Hashem RF, Alobaisi AS. Prevalence of Pre Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among cement industry workers. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:32-36. [PMID: 32063927 PMCID: PMC6994864 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.2.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Occupational and environmental pollution have become an imperative jeopardy for developing devastating metabolic diseases. Limited animal model studies have examined the impact of exposure to cement dust on metabolic conditions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of pre-diabetes and Type-2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) among non-smoking cement mill workers. METHODS This epidemiological cross sectional study was conducted in the "Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia" during the period Oct 2016 to June 2017. Initially 310 cement mill workers were interviewed; after the interview and clinical history taking, 186 non-smoking cement mill employees were finally recruited. The cement mill employees were exposed to cement dust-related pollution in a cement industry for eight hours a day for six days a week. The mean age was 36.56 ± 0.78 years, mean BMI was 25.70 ± 0.29 m/kg2, and mean period of employment in the cement industry was 82.77 ± 6.95 months. HbA1c was measured using the Dimension Xpand Plus Integrated Chemistry System (USA). RESULTS The cement mill employees were divided into three groups: non-diabetics group, with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <5.7%; pre-diabetics group, with HbA1c 5.7-6.4%; and diabetics group, with HbA1c >6.4%. Among the cement mill personnel, 79 (42.47%) were non-diabetics, 28 (15.05%) were pre-diabetics, and 79 (42.47%) were diabetics. The prevalence of pre-diabetes and T2DM among cement mill employees was considerably associated with the period of employment in the cement industry (p=0.032). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to cement dust was associated with an increased prevalence of pre- diabetes and T2DM among cement industry employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Dr. Sultan Ayoub Meo, MBBS, PhD. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Abdullah Bin Muneif
- Dr. Yasser Abdullah Bin Muneif, MBBS. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Abdullah BenOmran
- Dr. Nasser Abdullah BenOmran, MBBS. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abdullah AlSadhan
- Dr. Mohammad Abdullah AlSadhan, MBBS. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Fuad Hashem
- Dr. Raed Fuad Hashem, MBBS, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saud Alobaisi
- Dr. Abdullah Saud Alobaisi, MBBS. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Jain RB. Concentrations of urine cotinine and hydroxycotinine among US children, adolescents, and adults: data from NHANES 2013–2014. Biomarkers 2019; 24:757-763. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1684563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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