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Arif AA, Adeyemi O, Laditka SB, Laditka JN. Suicide Rates and Risks Across U.S. Industries: A 29-Year Population-Based Survey. Arch Suicide Res 2024:1-26. [PMID: 38193926 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2300324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide rates in the working-age U.S. population have increased by over 40% in the last two decades. Although suicide may be linked with characteristics of workplaces and their industries, few studies have reported industry-level suicide rates. No study has reported suicide rates by industry using nationally representative data. This study estimates suicide risks across industries in the U.S. working population. METHODS Industry-level estimates of suicide risks require substantial data; we combined 29 years of U.S. suicide data using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)-Mortality Linked data from 1986 through 2014, with mortality follow-up through 2015. We conducted survey-weighted Poisson regression analyses to estimate suicide mortality rates and rate ratios across all populations and stratified by gender. All analyses were adjusted first for age, and then for age, employment status, marital status, race/ethnicity, and rurality/urbanicity (demographic-adjusted). Rate ratios compared results for workers in each industry to those for all industries, accounting for the NHIS survey design. RESULTS A total of 1,943 suicide deaths were recorded. Age-adjusted suicide rates per 100,000 were highest in the furniture, lumber, and wood industry group (29.3), the fabricated metal industry (26.3), and mining (25.8). Demographic-adjusted rates were higher among men than women in most industries. Demographic-adjusted rate ratios were significantly elevated in the furniture, lumber, and wood industries (Rate Ratio, RR = 1.60, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.18-2.18); chemicals and allied products (RR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.04-2.13); and construction (RR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.03-1.41). CONCLUSION Several industries had significantly high suicide rates. Suicide prevention efforts may be particularly useful for workers in those industries.
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Stratton E, Player MJ, Glozier N. Online mental health training program for male-dominated organisations: a pre-post pilot study assessing feasibility, usability, and preliminary effectiveness. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:641-649. [PMID: 36800032 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-01961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The emergence of digital health interventions for mental ill-health in the workplace is expansive. Digital interventions delivered in male-dominated settings are less so. This pilot study aimed to assess the usability, feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of an online intervention in a male-dominated organization. We focus on male-dominated as mental ill-health is frequently unrecognized and underdiagnosed among males. METHODS Unwind, a 7-week internet-based program with stress-management components, was tested in a pre-post pilot study. Unwind gets users to identify and understand their stress triggers and assists them to develop adaptive ways to manage these and their stress. Participants were Australian adults employed in a mining company. Follow-up assessment occurred 8 weeks after baseline. The primary outcome measure was change in stress symptoms, with secondary outcomes; change in depression, anxiety, insomnia, well-being, and alcohol use. User feedback and program data were analyzed to assess usability, engagement, and intervention adherence. RESULTS Eligible participants n = 87 showed significant reductions in stress (g = 0.46, p < 0.001), depression (g = 0.47, p < 0.001), anxiety (g = 0.50, p < 0.001), insomnia (g = 0.44, p < 0.001), and well-being (g = 0.32, p = 0.004) post-intervention. Significant improvements were observed in both well and unwell (mental ill-health) and male and female participants. There was no gender effect on outcomes. A dose-response was observed as the number of modules used was related positively to improvement in anxiety (F1,86 = 5.735, p = 0.019; R2 = 0.25). Overall users rated Unwind as useful and engaging. CONCLUSION This study presents evidence base that Unwind is a feasible and acceptable approach to reducing employees' mental health-related symptoms in typically difficult-to-reach male-dominated industries. Unwind is feasible for larger scale delivery within male-dominated industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Stratton
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Office 8, Lvl 5, Professor Marie Bashir Building, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, University of Sydney, Office 8, Lvl 5, Professor Marie Bashir Building, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Michael J Player
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Office 8, Lvl 5, Professor Marie Bashir Building, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Nick Glozier
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Office 8, Lvl 5, Professor Marie Bashir Building, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, University of Sydney, Office 8, Lvl 5, Professor Marie Bashir Building, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Li Y, Chen T, Siow L, Ye X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ming WK, Sun X, Xiang Z, Wu Y, Wu J. What are the acceptances and associated influences of hospice care in Mainland China? A national cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:985218. [PMID: 36211671 PMCID: PMC9544594 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.985218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background China ranks 53rd out of 81 countries in the Quality of Death Index for 2021. Although hospice care demand is increasing, the progress remains slow. It is of great significance to explore the acceptances and associated influencing factors of hospice care. Methods A cross-sectional survey by quota sampling was conducted in China from July 10th to September 15th, 2021. We collected demographic data and hospice care acceptance. A stepwise linear regression analysis was used. Results This survey contained 11,031 valid questionnaire results to investigate the hospice care acceptance. It was found that individuals with undergraduate or above (β = 0.04), more properties [2 (β = 0.02), 3 (β = 0.01)], and higher reimbursement types of medical insurance [employee health insurance and commercial health (β = 0.03), government insurance (β = 0.04)] had higher hospice acceptance willingness, while males (β = -0.02) were less willing to accept than females. Psychological conditions [mild anxiety (β = 0.03), moderate anxiety (β = 0.01), moderate stress (β = 0.05), and severe stress (β = 0.06)] also played an important role. The Self-Management Scale (SHMS) (β = 0.12), EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D) (β = 0.05), EuroQol Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS) (β = 0.21), Short-Form Family Health Scale (FHS-SF) (β = 0.12), higher scores of the Short-Form Health Literacy Instrument (HLS-SF12) (β = 0.16), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) (β = 0.10) also contributed. Gender subgroup showed that in the male group, age, highest educational level, marital status, number of properties, whether having children, psychological conditions, the SHMS, EQ-5D, EQ-VAS, HLS-SF12, and PSSS showed significant difference. Urban and rural subgroups showed that age, highest educational level, number of properties, whether having chronic disease or psychological conditions, the SHMS, EQ-VAS, HLS-SF12, and PSSS were contributing factors in rural areas. Conclusion The average score of acceptance of hospice care was 65.02 points. Gender, house, anxiety, pressure, social support, and health literacy were the main influencing factors on residents' attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Chu Kochen Honors College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianle Chen
- Chu Kochen Honors College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixuen Siow
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Ye
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wai-Kit Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinying Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Ze Xiang
| | - Yibo Wu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,Yibo Wu
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jian Wu
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Matilla Santander N, Blazevska B, Carli V, Hadlaczky G, Linnersjö A, Bodin T, Johansson G. Relation between occupation, gender dominance in the occupation and workplace and suicide in Sweden: a longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060096. [PMID: 35738642 PMCID: PMC9226951 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the association between occupations and suicide, and to explore the effect of gender dominance in the occupation and in the workplace on the risk of suicide. DESIGN Register-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS 3 318 050 workers in Sweden in 2005 and followed up until 2010. Exclusion criteria for the study were: missing information in the occupational codes, yearly income of <100 Swedish krona, missing information of the employer, death or migration, and registered occupational code reported from more than 5 years ago. OUTCOME Suicides occurring during 2006-2010 identified in the cause of death register by the International Classification of Diagnoses-10 codes X60-84 and Y10-34. RESULTS Occupations with increased suicide were life science and health professionals (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.50 to 5.26) among women. In men, these were metal, machinery and related workers (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.05) and personal and protective service workers (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14 to 2.22). In terms of gender dominance in the occupation, borderline associations with increased suicide risk were found for men in both male-dominated (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.79) and female-dominated (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.91) occupations. For women, borderline increased risk of suicide was found in female-dominated occupations (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 0.95 to 2.40). Finally, men showed a borderline increased risk of suicide in female-dominated workplaces (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.81). CONCLUSIONS This study found that women in the 'life science and health professionals' group and men in the 'metal, machinery and related workers' as well as 'personal and protective service workers' groups have increased incidence of suicide also when adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, precariousness of the employment relationship, spells of unemployment, previous mental disorders and suicide attempts. Moreover, gender dominance at workplace and occupation seems to be associated with the risk of suicide among men. The results of our study are novel and are worth exploring in future qualitative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Matilla Santander
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bianca Blazevska
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Centre for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Services Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Carli
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Centre for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Services Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gergö Hadlaczky
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Centre for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Services Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anette Linnersjö
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theo Bodin
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gun Johansson
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
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Auth NM, Booker MJ, Wild J, Riley R. Mental health and help seeking among trauma-exposed emergency service staff: a qualitative evidence synthesis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e047814. [PMID: 35110304 PMCID: PMC8811562 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify factors and contexts that may contribute to mental health and recovery from psychological difficulties for emergency service workers (ESWs) exposed to occupational trauma, and barriers and facilitators to help-seeking behaviour among trauma-exposed ESWs. BACKGROUND ESWs are at greater risk of stressor-related psychopathology than the general population. Exposure to occupational stressors and trauma contribute to the observed rates of post-trauma psychopathology in this occupational group with implications for workforce sustainability. Types of organisational interventions offered to trauma-exposed ESWs are inconsistent across the UK, with uncertainty around how to engage staff. DESIGN Four databases (OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and SCOPUS) were systematically searched from 1 January 1980 to March 2020, with citation tracking and reference chaining. A modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool and quality appraisal prompts were used to identify fatally flawed studies. Qualitative studies of trauma-exposure in front-line ESWs were included, and data were extracted using a customised extraction table. Included studies were analysed using thematic synthesis. RESULTS A qualitative evidence synthesis was conducted with 24 qualitative studies meeting inclusion criteria, as defined by the PerSPEcTiF framework. Fourteen descriptive themes emerged from this review, categorised into two overarching constructs: (1) factors contributing to mental health (such as the need for downtime, peer support and reassurance) and (2) factors influencing help-seeking behaviour (such as stigma, the content/form/mandatory nature of interventions, and mental health literacy issues including emotional awareness and education). CONCLUSION ESWs reported disconnect between the organisations' cultural positioning on trauma-related mental health, the reality of undertaking the role and the perceived applicability and usefulness of trauma interventions. Following traumatic exposure, ESWs identify benefitting from recovery time and informal support from trusted colleagues. A culture which encourages help seeking and open dialogue around mental health may reduce stigma and improve recovery from mental ill health associated with trauma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer Wild
- Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth Riley
- Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Henn M, Barber C, Zhang W, Staley M, Azrael D, Miller M. Identifying Occupation Groups for Suicide Prevention: A Statewide Data Linkage Study. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 27:494-504. [PMID: 34989315 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.2020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify suicide rates by occupation category in Utah and describe the hospital history and circumstances of suicide decedents in the occupation category that had the state's highest rate and highest number of suicides: Construction and Extraction. METHOD We used data on suicide decedents from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) for 2005-2015 (n = 4,590) to calculate sex- and occupation-specific suicide rates among adults 18-65 years old in Utah. For working-age men who died by suicide during the years 2014-2015 (n = 623), we linked NVDRS data with decedents' hospital histories. RESULTS One in five working-age men who took their life in Utah worked in Construction and Extraction, the single Bureau of Labor Statistics occupation category with both the highest number (n = 719) and rate of suicides (86.4/100,000 men vs. a range of 15.3-66.2 for other occupations). For females, there was no occupation group that had both high rates of suicide and high numbers of suicides compared with other occupations, so there was no clear occupation group to focus on in the same way there was for men. Using linked data for 2014-2015 deaths, 58% of men in Construction and Extraction who died by suicide had been diagnosed in the hospital in the past three years with a substance abuse or mental health problem, and a quarter (25%) tested positive for opioids on post-mortem examination. Nearly half (48%) of 2014-2015 male suicide decedents in Construction and Extraction were reported to have intimate partner problems, about a quarter (26%) had a criminal problem, a quarter (25%) were unemployed, and over half (54%) died by gunshot. CONCLUSIONS Linked data identified Construction and Extraction as a potentially high-impact occupation group for suicide prevention and suggested potential contexts for intervention.HIGHLIGHTSConstruction and Extraction stands out as an occupation group with a very high number and rate of suicides.Two-thirds of male decedents in Construction and Extraction had a substance abuse problem.For Utah females, there were no occupations with both high rates and high numbers of suicides.
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Burnett ACR, Wong Q, Rheinberger D, Zeritis S, McGillivray L, Torok MH. Suicide among hospitality workers in Australia, 2006-2017. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1039-1047. [PMID: 35022820 PMCID: PMC8755406 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicide among hospitality workers has recently attracted attention in the media. To date, little is known about suicide among hospitality workers in Australia. METHODS Suicide data were obtained from the National Coronial Information System (NCIS). Occupational suicide rates were calculated using the Australian Bureau of Statistics population-level data from the 2011 census. Negative binomial regression, univariate logistic regression, and multivariate logistic regression were used to estimate the association between suicide and employment as a hospitality worker over the period 2006-2017, compared to all other occupations. RESULTS Suicide rates for chefs was significantly higher than for persons in non-hospitality occupations [incidence rate ratio (IRR), 3.93; 95% CI 2.53-5.79; P < 0.001]. The interaction between occupation and sex was examined with follow-up testing. Suicide rates for female chefs were significantly higher than for females in non-hospitality occupations (IRR, 3.93; 95% CI 2.60-5.94). Suicide rates for male chefs were also significantly higher than males in non-hospitality occupations (IRR, 1.38; 95% CI 1.14-1.67). Compared with non-hospitality occupations, hospitality workers who died by suicide had significantly greater odds of being female (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.50-0.79), residing in residential Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) classified as most disadvantaged (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.19-2.20), and being born outside of Australia (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.34-2.25). CONCLUSION Results indicate the need for targeted prevention of suicide by Australian hospitality workers. Overall, results suggest that specific hospitality occupations present a higher risk of suicidal behaviour than other non-hospitality occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Q Wong
- Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Rheinberger
- Black Dog Institute, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Zeritis
- Black Dog Institute, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - L McGillivray
- Black Dog Institute, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - M H Torok
- Black Dog Institute, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
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Milner A, Shields M, Scovelle AJ, Sutherland G, King TL. Health Literacy in Male-Dominated Occupations. Am J Mens Health 2021; 14:1557988320954022. [PMID: 33054500 PMCID: PMC7570794 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320954022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low levels of health literacy are associated with poorer health outcomes. Both individual- and social-level factors have been identified as predictors of low health literacy, and men are known to have lower health literacy than women. Previous research has reported that men working in male-dominated occupations are at higher risk of accidents, injury, and suicide than other population groups, yet no study to date has examined the effect of gendered occupational contexts on men’s health literacy. The current article examined the association between occupational gender ratio and health literacy among Australian males. The Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health (Ten to Men) was used to examine associations between occupational gender ratio (measured in Wave 1) and health literacy (measured in Wave 2) across three subscales of the Health Literacy Questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used and showed that the more male dominated an occupational group became, the lower the scores of health literacy were. Results for the different subscales of health literacy for the most male-dominated occupational group, compared to the non-male-dominated group were: ability to find good health information, (Coef. −0.80, 95% CI [−1.05, −0.54], p < .001); ability to actively engage with health-care providers, (Coef. −0.35, 95% CI [−0.62, −0.07], p = .013); and feeling understood and supported by health-care providers, (Coef. −0.48, 95% CI [−0.71, −0.26],p = < .001). The results suggest the need for workplace interventions to address occupation-level factors as an influence on health literacy among Australian men, particularly among the most male-dominated occupational groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Milner
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marissa Shields
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna J Scovelle
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgina Sutherland
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tania L King
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Method-Specific Suicide Mortality Trends in Australian Men from 1978 to 2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094557. [PMID: 33923084 PMCID: PMC8123328 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In 2017 Australia saw the highest overall suicide rate in the past 10 years, with male suicide rates three times higher than in women. Since the mid-1980s there have been major changes in suicide epidemiology in Australia with large shifts in method of suicide among both men and women. This study examined method-specific suicide trends in Australian men over the past 40 years by state. Suicide mortality data for the period 1978 to 2017 was obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) National Mortality Database and log-linear Poisson regression analysis was used to analyse suicide mortality. This study found large differences between states in patterns and trends in suicide mortality from 1978 to 2017. Hanging, gas and firearms were the most common methods of suicide in Australia. We found statistically significant increasing trends in hanging suicide among men in all six states. The study findings highlight the growing concern of hanging-related suicide in all states in Australia since the late 1970s. New suicide prevention strategies focusing on the ubiquity and ease of hanging as a method will be needed in order for Australia to reduce suicide mortality in future.
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Study for the Design of a Protocol to Assess the Impact of Stress in the Quality of Life of Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041413. [PMID: 33546392 PMCID: PMC7913555 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Work stress is one of the most relevant issues in public health. It has a significant impact on health, especially the development of mental disorders, causing occupational imbalance. There is a growing interest in the development of tools with a positive effect on workers. To this end, wearable technology is becoming increasingly popular, as it measures biometric variables like heartbeat, activity, and sleep. This information may be used to assess the stress a person is suffering, which could allow the development of stress coping strategies, both at a professional and personal level. (2) Methods: This paper describes an observational, analytical, and longitudinal study which will be set at a research center in A Coruña, Spain. Various scales and questionnaires will be filled in by the participants throughout the study. For the statistical analysis, specific methods will be used to evaluate the association between numerical and categorical variables. (3) Discussion: This study will lay the foundation for a bigger, more complete study to assess occupational stress in different work environments. This will allow us to begin to understand how occupational stress influences daily life activity and occupational balance, which could directly enhance the quality of life of workers if the necessary measures are taken.
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Wild P, Bovio N, Guseva Canu I. Part-time work and other occupational risk factors for suicide among working women in the Swiss National Cohort. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:981-990. [PMID: 33523245 PMCID: PMC8238695 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to describe the factors associated with mortality by suicide among working women focusing on work-related factors. Methods The study population consisted in all Swiss residents recorded in the 1990 and/or the 2000 compulsory national censuses and were linked to emigration and mortality registers. We selected all women aged 18–65 and at work at the official census dates. Following work-related variables were available: socio-economic status, weekly hours of work, the sector of activity and the job title coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). The risk of suicide was modelled using negative binomial regression. Results The cohort comprised 1,771,940 women and 2526 deaths by suicide corresponding to 24.9 million person-years. The most significant non-occupational predictors of suicide were age, period, civil status, religion, nationality and geographical regions. Adjusted on these factors, part-time work was associated with increased suicide rates. According to job codes, health and social activities, in particular care-worker had the highest suicide risks. Conclusion Suicide among working women depended on work-related factors even taking into account other socio-demographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Wild
- Institut National de Recherche et Sécurité (INRS), Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Bovio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Stratton E, Player MJ, Dahlheimer A, Choi I, Glozier N. Prevalence and association of discrimination and bullying and the impact on mental health in an occupational setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-02-2020-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeDiscrimination and bullying contribute to mental ill-health in the workplace. At face value, they would seem linked but are often dealt with by different legislations. Workplace studies generally focus on bullying and population studies on discrimination. The authors aimed to evaluate the prevalence and relationship of discrimination and bullying in a male-dominated workforce, associated factors and relative impact on mental ill-health.Design/methodology/approachAn online cohort survey was conducted amongst employees of an Australian mining company, measuring discrimination, bullying, demographics and workplace and health factors over two months. Cross-sectional and prospective analyses assessed the prevalence of each, their association and their effects on depression and anxiety.FindingsA total of 580 employees (82% male) participated. There was no association between workplace bullying (n = 56, 9.7%) and discrimination (n = 160, 27.6%). Discrimination, but not bullying, was associated with higher depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation and lower well-being and resilience. After controlling for demographic, workplace and health and well-being factors, depression had the main effect on discrimination ß = 0.39, p = 0.003. Discrimination predicted an increase in depression scores at follow-up F (1, 129) = 4.88, p = 0.029.Originality/valueIn this male-dominated industry, discrimination was more prevalent than bullying. Discrimination, but not bullying, was associated with poorer mental health both cross sectionally and prospectively. Supporting the need to assess and manage discrimination and bullying in the workplace independently and the need for interventions to reduce a broader range of adverse interpersonal behaviours.
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Juster RP, de Torre MB, Kerr P, Kheloui S, Rossi M, Bourdon O. Sex Differences and Gender Diversity in Stress Responses and Allostatic Load Among Workers and LGBT People. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21:110. [PMID: 31630247 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Measuring biological sex differences and socio-cultural gender diversity provides insights into individual variation in stress physiology and the development of "sex-specific" diseases. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this selective review, we summarize recent findings that assess sex and gender in relation to the stress hormone cortisol and multi-systemic physiological dysregulation called allostatic load. The focus of this research centers on workers as well as sexual and gender minorities as these populations provide unique insights into sex and gender at various levels of analysis from the micro-level to the macro-level. RECENT FINDINGS: Male/female sex, sex hormones, gender identity, gender roles, and sexual orientation are all variables that are distinctly correlated with stress physiology. Beyond identifying patterns of vulnerability to stress-related diseases, pathways towards resilience are of high priority in emerging literature. Stress scientists must account for both sex and gender in biobehavioral research. Future directions should assess macro-level constructs like institutionalized gender, occupational sex composition, and structural stigma to better understand the social determinants of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert-Paul Juster
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
- Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada.
- Center on Sex*Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience (CESAR), Montreal, Canada.
- , Montréal, Canada.
| | - Margot Barbosa de Torre
- Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Center on Sex*Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience (CESAR), Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Philippe Kerr
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Center on Sex*Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience (CESAR), Montreal, Canada
| | - Sarah Kheloui
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Center on Sex*Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience (CESAR), Montreal, Canada
| | - Mathias Rossi
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Center on Sex*Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience (CESAR), Montreal, Canada
| | - Olivier Bourdon
- Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Center on Sex*Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience (CESAR), Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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Battams S, Robards F. The Public Health Association of Australia’s advocacy to prevent suicide. Aust N Z J Public Health 2019; 43:305-306. [DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Battams
- Southgate Institute of Health, Society and Equity; Flinders University; South Australia
| | - Fiona Robards
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales
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