1
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Al Mana AF, Culp K, Keeler A, Perrera O, Rajagopalan M, Jacky L, Brown B, Thyagarajan B. Performance of a Rapid Digital PCR Test for the Detection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Variants. Mol Diagn Ther 2024:10.1007/s40291-024-00732-y. [PMID: 39093547 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-024-00732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing is widely used for comprehensive molecular profiling for many cancers including lung cancer. However, the complex workflows and long turnaround times limit its access and utility. ChromaCode's High Definition PCR Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Panel (HDPCR™ NSCLC Panel) is a low-cost, rapid turnaround, digital polymerase chain reaction assay that is designed to detect variants in nine NSCLC genes listed in National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. METHODS This assay uses TaqMan® probe limiting chemistry and proprietary analysis software to enable multi-target detection within a single-color channel. We compared the performance of the HDPCR™ NSCLC Panel against an in-house, laboratory-developed, targeted next-generation sequencing panel used in the Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory at the University of Minnesota Medical Center to detect biomarkers for NSCLC. RESULTS The overall accuracy of the HDPCR panel was 99.48% (95% confidence interval 99.01-99.76) with a sensitivity of 95.35% (95% confidence interval 88.52-98.72) and a specificity of 99.69% (95% confidence interval 99.29-99.90). The HDPCR wet lab workflow was 4 h, and the time to generate variant calls from raw data using the ChromaCode Cloud was 2 minutes. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the HDPCR™ NSCLC Panel provides timely, comprehensive, and sensitive mutation detection in NSCLC samples with results in less than 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz F Al Mana
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 100 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | | | - Abby Keeler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 100 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 100 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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2
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Yang Q, Sun K, Gao T, Gao Y, Yang Y, Li Z, Zuo D. SIRT1 silencing promotes EMT and Crizotinib resistance by regulating autophagy through AMPK/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway in EML4-ALK L1196M and EML4-ALK G1202R mutant non-small cell lung cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2024. [PMID: 39078281 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Most EML4-ALK rearrangement non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients inevitably develop acquired drug resistance after treatment. The main mechanism of drug resistance is the acquired secondary mutation of ALK kinase domain. L1196M and G1202R are classical mutation sites. We urgently need to understand the underlying molecular mechanism of drug resistance to study the therapeutic targets of mutant drug-resistant NSCLC cells. The silent information regulator sirtuin1 (SIRT1) can regulate the normal energy metabolism of cells, but its role in cancer is still unclear. In our report, it was found that the SIRT1 in EML4-ALK G1202R and EML4-ALK L1196M mutant drug-resistant cells was downregulated compared with EML4-ALK NSCLC cells. The high expression of SIRT1 was related to the longer survival time of patients with lung cancer. Activation of SIRT1 induced autophagy and suppressed the invasion and migration of mutant cells. Further experiments indicated that the activation of SIRT1 inhibited the phosphorylation level of mTOR and S6K by upregulating the expression of AMPK, thus activating autophagy. SIRT1 can significantly enhanced the sensitivity of mutant cells to crizotinib, improved its ability to promote apoptosis of mutant cells, and inhibited cell proliferation. In conclusion, SIRT1 is a key regulator of drug resistant in EML4-ALK L1196M and G1202R mutant cells. SIRT1 may be a novel therapeutic target for EML4-ALK drug resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Shenhe District, China
| | - Keyan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Shenhe District, China
| | - Tianyu Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Shenhe District, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Shenhe District, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Shenhe District, China
| | - Zengqiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Shenhe District, China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Shenhe District, China
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3
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Priantti JN, Vilbert M, de Moraes FCA, Madeira T, de Lima Santiago EM, Leighl NB, Cavalcante L, Karim NFA. Neurocognitive Adverse Events Related to Lorlatinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2611. [PMID: 39061249 PMCID: PMC11275246 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lorlatinib has been FDA-approved as a systemic therapy for ALK/ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, it has been associated with an increased frequency of neurocognitive adverse events (NAEs). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the NAEs related to lorlatinib therapy in NSCLC patients. PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and prominent conference proceedings were searched for eligible studies of lorlatinib in NSCLC patients. NAEs included cognitive, mood, speech, and psychotic effects. A total of 1147 patients from 12 studies were included; 62% had brain metastases. A pooled analysis of NAEs showed frequencies of cognitive effects of 14.57% (95% CI, 8.37 to 24.14, I2 = 84%), mood effects of 11.17% (95% CI, 5.93 to 20.07, I2 = 84%), speech effects of 7.24% (95% CI, 3.39 to 15.20, I2 = 72%), and psychotic effects of 4.97% (95% CI, 3.27 to 7.49, I2 = 21%). Clinical trials reported a significantly higher frequency of mood effects than was indicated by real-world data. These results highlight the importance of educating patients and healthcare professionals about lorlatinib-related NAEs for early detection and management to improve NSCLC patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N. Priantti
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69020-160, AM, Brazil;
| | - Maysa Vilbert
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Thiago Madeira
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais—UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Natasha B. Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Ludimila Cavalcante
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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4
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Li L, Li W, Wu C, Xi Y, Guo L, Ji Y, Jiang L, Li J, Yun J, Chen G, Li Y, Liu Y, Mu D, Han Y, Sun L, Xia Q, Teng X, Che N, Wu W, Qiu X, Liu C, Yan X, Li D, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Li Y, Wang Z, Guo L, Nie X, Geng J, Zhou J, Ying J. Real-world data on ALK rearrangement test in Chinese advanced non-small cell lung cancer (RATICAL): a nationwide multicenter retrospective study. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024. [PMID: 39016057 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) test in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can help physicians provide target therapies for patients harboring ALK gene rearrangement. This study aimed to investigate the real-world test patterns and positive rates of ALK gene rearrangements in advanced NSCLC. METHODS In this real-world study (ChiCTR2000030266), patients with advanced NSCLC who underwent an ALK rearrangement test in 30 medical centers in China between October 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Interpretation training was conducted before the study was initiated. Quality controls were performed at participating centers using immunohistochemistry (IHC)-VENTANA-D5F3. The positive ALK gene rearrangement rate and consistency rate were calculated. The associated clinicopathological characteristics of ALK gene rearrangement were investigated as well. RESULTS The overall ALK gene rearrangement rate was 6.7% in 23,689 patients with advanced NSCLC and 8.2% in 17,436 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. The quality control analysis of IHC-VENTANA-D5F3 revealed an intra-hospital consistency rate of 98.2% (879/895) and an inter-hospital consistency rate of 99.2% (646/651). IHC-VENTANA-D5F3 was used in 53.6%, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 25.4%, next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 18.3%, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) in 15.9% in the adenocarcinoma subgroup. For specimens tested with multiple methods, the consistency rates confirmed by IHC-VENTANA-D5F3 were 98.0% (822/839) for FISH, 98.7% (1,222/1,238) for NGS, and 91.3% (146/160) for RT-PCR. The overall ALK gene rearrangement rates were higher in females, patients of ≤ 35 years old, never smokers, tumor cellularity of > 50, and metastatic specimens used for testing in the total NSCLC population and adenocarcinoma subgroup (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the real-world variability and challenges of ALK test in advanced NSCLC, demonstrating a predominant use of IHC-VENTANA-D5F3 with high consistency and distinct clinicopathological features in ALK-positive patients. These findings underscore the need for a consensus on optimal test practices and support the development of refined ALK test strategies to enhance diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic decision-making in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wencai Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Xi
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jingping Yun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Dianbin Mu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Han
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Leina Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Qingxin Xia
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Teng
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Nanying Che
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xueshan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochu Yan
- Institute of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Daiqiang Li
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Li
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lingchuan Guo
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiu Nie
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jingshu Geng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
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5
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Arndt A, Neumann C, Riecke A, Bauer A, Müller M, Wölfle-Guter M, Grunert M, Busch H, Künstner A, von Bubnoff N, Fliedner S, Greinert D, Osius J, Nagarathinam K, Steinestel K, Gorantla SP, Gebauer N, Witte HM. Molecular tumor board: molecularly adjusted therapy upon identification and functional validation of a novel ALK resistance mutation in a case of lung adenocarcinoma. Oncologist 2024:oyae143. [PMID: 38960389 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a long-term surviving patient with EML4/ALK translocated non-small cell adenocarcinoma of the lung in UICC8 stage IVA. During recurrence under continuous crizotinib therapy, a hitherto insufficiently characterized missense mutation in the ALK gene (Arg1181His) was identified through targeted sequencing. The aforementioned EML4/ALK translocation could still be detected in this situation. Employing a 3D reconstruction of the ALK tertiary structure, considering its interaction with various ALK inhibitors at the molecular binding site, our analysis indicated the presence of a mutation associated with crizotinib resistance. To validate the biological relevance of this previously unknown mutation, we carried out an in vitro validation approach in cell culture in addition to the molecular diagnostics accompanied by the molecular tumor board. The tumor scenario was mimicked through retroviral transfection. Our comparative in vitro treatment regimen paired with the clinical trajectory of the patient, corroborated our initial clinical and biochemical suspicions. Our approach demonstrates preclinical, in silico, and clinical evidence of a novel crizotinib resistance mutation in ALK as well as sensitivity toward brigatinib and potentially lorlatinib. In future cases, this procedure represents an important contribution to functional diagnostics in the context of molecular tumor boards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Arndt
- Institute for Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Neumann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Armin Riecke
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Arthur Bauer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Michael Grunert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Medical Systems Biology Group, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- Medical Systems Biology Group, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stephanie Fliedner
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dina Greinert
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jasmin Osius
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Konrad Steinestel
- Institute for Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sivahari Prasad Gorantla
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Niklas Gebauer
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanno M Witte
- Institute for Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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6
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Kerdkumthong K, Nanarong S, Roytrakul S, Pitakpornpreecha T, Tantimetta P, Runsaeng P, Obchoei S. Quantitative proteomics analysis reveals possible anticancer mechanisms of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine in cholangiocarcinoma cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306060. [PMID: 38923999 PMCID: PMC11206958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive cancer originating from bile duct epithelium, particularly prevalent in Asian countries with liver fluke infections. Current chemotherapy for CCA often fails due to drug resistance, necessitating novel anticancer agents. This study investigates the potential of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA), a naturally occurring nucleoside, against CCA. While MTA has shown promise against various cancers, its effects on CCA remain unexplored. We evaluated MTA's anticancer activity in CCA cell lines and drug-resistant sub-lines, assessing cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The potential anticancer mechanisms of MTA were explored through proteomic analysis using LC-MS/MS and bioinformatic analysis. The results show a dose-dependent reduction in CCA cell viability, with enhanced effects on cancer cells compared to normal cells. Moreover, MTA inhibits growth, induces apoptosis, and suppresses cell migration and invasion. Additionally, MTA enhanced the anticancer effects of gemcitabine on drug-resistant CCA cells. Proteomics revealed the down-regulation of multiple proteins by MTA, affecting various molecular functions, biological processes, and cellular components. Network analysis highlighted MTA's role in inhibiting proteins related to mitochondrial function and energy derivation, crucial for cell growth and survival. Additionally, MTA suppressed proteins involved in cell morphology and cytoskeleton organization, important for cancer cell motility and metastasis. Six candidate genes, including ZNF860, KLC1, GRAMD1C, MAMSTR, TANC1, and TTC13, were selected from the top 10 most down-regulated proteins identified in the proteomics results and were subsequently verified through RT-qPCR. Further, KLC1 protein suppression by MTA treatment was confirmed through Western blotting. Additionally, based on TCGA data, KLC1 mRNA was found to be upregulated in the tissue of CCA patients compared to that of normal adjacent tissues. In summary, MTA shows promising anticancer potential against CCA by inhibiting growth, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing migration and invasion, while enhancing gemcitabine's effects. Proteomic analysis elucidates possible molecular mechanisms underlying MTA's anticancer activity, laying the groundwork for future research and development of MTA as a treatment for advanced CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankamol Kerdkumthong
- Faculty of Science, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Biochemistry Graduate Program, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sutthipong Nanarong
- Faculty of Science, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Biochemistry Graduate Program, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumtani, Thailand
| | - Thanawat Pitakpornpreecha
- Faculty of Science, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Biochemistry Graduate Program, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence for Biochemistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Phonprapavee Tantimetta
- Faculty of Science, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Biochemistry Graduate Program, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Phanthipha Runsaeng
- Faculty of Science, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Biochemistry Graduate Program, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence for Biochemistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sumalee Obchoei
- Faculty of Science, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Biochemistry Graduate Program, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence for Biochemistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
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7
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Dhingra S, Goyal S, Thirumal D, Sharma P, Kaur G, Mittal N. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: a versatile carrier platform in lung cancer management. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:1331-1346. [PMID: 39105754 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2024.2348438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) are inorganic nanoparticles that have been comprehensively investigated and are intended to deliver therapeutic agents. MSNPs have revolutionized the therapy for various conditions, especially cancer and infectious diseases. In this article, the viability of MSNPs' administration for lung cancer therapy has been reviewed. However, certain challenges lay ahead in the successful translation such as toxicology, immunology, large-scale production, and regulatory matters have made it extremely difficult to translate such discoveries from the bench to the bedside. This review highlights recent developments, characteristics, mechanism of action and customization for targeted delivery. This review also covers the most recent data that sheds light on MSNPs' extraordinary therapeutic potential in fighting lung cancer as well as future hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Dhingra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Shuchi Goyal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Divya Thirumal
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104,India
| | - Preety Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Neeraj Mittal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
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8
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Ferrari SM, Ragusa F, Elia G, Mazzi V, Balestri E, Botrini C, Rugani L, Patrizio A, Piaggi S, La Motta C, Ulisse S, Virili C, Antonelli A, Fallahi P. Antineoplastic Effect of ALK Inhibitor Crizotinib in Primary Human Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells with STRN-ALK Fusion In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6734. [PMID: 38928438 PMCID: PMC11203609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the deadliest human cancers and represents <2% of thyroid carcinomas. A therapeutic target for ATC is represented by anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, involved in tumor growth. Crizotinib is an oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the ALK, MET, and ROS1 kinases, approved in ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Until now, the effect of crizotinib in "primary human ATC cells" (pATCs) with transforming striatin (STRN)-ALK fusion has not been reported in the literature. In this study, we aimed to obtain pATCs with STRN-ALK in vitro and evaluate the in vitro antineoplastic action of crizotinib. Thyroid surgical samples were obtained from 12 ATC patients and 6 controls (who had undergone parathyroidectomy). A total of 10/12 pATC cultures were obtained, 2 of which with transforming STRN-ALK fusion (17%). Crizotinib inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis in 3/10 pATC cultures (2 of which with/1 without STRN-ALK), particularly in those with STRN-ALK. Moreover, crizotinib significantly inhibited the proliferation of AF cells (a continuous cell line obtained from primary ATC cells). In conclusion, the antineoplastic activity of crizotinib has been shown in human pATCs (with STRN-ALK) in preclinical studies in vitro, opening the way to future clinical evaluation in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (V.M.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (V.M.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Valeria Mazzi
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (V.M.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Eugenia Balestri
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (V.M.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Chiara Botrini
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (V.M.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Licia Rugani
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (V.M.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Simona Piaggi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.P.); (P.F.)
| | | | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgery, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Camilla Virili
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Endocrinology Section, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (V.M.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.P.); (P.F.)
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9
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Dessai A, Nayak UY, Nayak Y. Precision nanomedicine to treat non-small cell lung cancer. Life Sci 2024; 346:122614. [PMID: 38604287 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, being often detected at a later stage due to the non-appearance of early symptoms. Therefore, specificity of the treatment is of utmost importance for its effective treatment. Precision medicine is a personalized therapy based on the genomics of the patient to design a suitable drug approach. Genetic mutations render the tumor resistant to specific mutations and the therapy is in vain even though correct medications are prescribed. Therefore, Precision medicine needs to be explored for the treatment of Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nanoparticles are widely explored to give personalized interventions to treat lung cancer due to their various advantages like the ability to reach cancer cells, enhanced permeation through tissues, specificity, increased bioavailability, etc. Various nanoparticles (NPs) including gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, aptamer-based NPs etc. were conjugated with biomarkers/diagnostic agents specific to cancer type and were delivered. Various biomarker genes have been identified through precision techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC like EGFR, RET, KRAS, ALK, ROS-1, NTRK-1, etc. By incorporating of drug with the nanoparticle through bioconjugation, the specificity of the treatment can be enhanced with this revolutionary treatment. Additionally, integration of theranostic cargos in the nanoparticle would allow diagnosis as well as treatment by targeting the site of disease progression. Therefore, to target NSCLC effectively precision nanomedicine has been adopted in recent times. Here, we present different nanoparticles that are used as precision nanomedicine and their effectiveness against NSCLC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Dessai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Usha Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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10
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Kim M. Mitochondria of T Lymphocytes Promote Anti-Pulmonary Tumor Immune Response. World J Oncol 2024; 15:472-481. [PMID: 38751696 PMCID: PMC11092414 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), a protein involved in apoptosis, has been proven to have carcinogenic potential and is well documented. With the recent advancement in optical technology, it has become possible to observe subcellular organelles such as mitochondria in real-time without the need for staining. Consequently, we have examined the movement of mitochondria in cancer cells, correlating it with the regulation of Bcl-2. Methods Using a tomographic microscope, which can detect the internal structure of cells, we observed lung tumor cells. Cells were exposed to a laser beam (λ = 520 nm) inclined at 45°, and holographic images were recorded up to a depth of 30 µm of reconstruction. Results Intriguingly, lung tumor cells rapidly expelled mitochondria upon the attachment of Bcl-2 or B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL) inhibitors. On the other hand, we observed that tumor cells hijack mitochondria from T cells. The hijacked mitochondria were not immediately linked to tumor cell death, but they played a role in assisting granzyme B-induced tumor cell death. Due to lower levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL on the mitochondria of T cells compared to lung tumor cells, immune cells depleted of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were co-cultured with the tumor cells. Conclusions As a result, a more effective tumor cell death induced by granzyme B was observed. Additionally, further enhanced anticancer immune response was observed in vivo. Together, we show that modified mitochondria of T cells can provide potential novel strategies towards tumor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea.
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11
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Yao H, Ren Y, Wu F, Liu J, Cao L, Yan M, Li X. The synthesis and evaluation of novel ALK inhibitors containing the sulfoxide structure. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17557-17570. [PMID: 38828277 PMCID: PMC11140455 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01556h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
With ceritinib as the lead, a series of novel compounds containing the sulfoxide structure were synthesized and evaluated as anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors. Among them, compounds 18a-d exhibited excellent anti-proliferation activities on H2228 EML4-ALK cancer cell lines with 14-28 nM of the IC50 values. In xenograft mouse models, 18a-d inhibited tumor growth with an excellent inhibitory rate of 75.0% to 86.0% at the dosage of 20 mg kg-1 as compared to 72.0% of the reference ceritinib. Using 18d as a representative, which exhibited the best in vivo results, we carried out mechanistic studies such as anti-colony formation, induced tumor cell apoptosis, ALK kinase protein phosphorylation in H2228 tumor cells, and molecular docking. All these results indicate that compound 18d is a good anti-tumor lead compound and worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jiadai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Longcai Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ming Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xingshu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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12
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Brandea AI, Afkhami M, Klein MJ, Bell D. Osteoblastoma of the thumb with a novel PRSS44::ALK fusion and literature review of osteoblastoma of hands and feet bones. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23241. [PMID: 38738966 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoblastomas (OBs) are benign neoplasms constituting approximately 1% of primary bone tumors with a predilection for the spine and sacrum. We describe an OB of the proximal phalanx of the left thumb in a 38-year-old female. MRI of left hand demonstrated a 29-mm mildly expansile enhancing lesion involving the entire proximal phalanx of the first digit. Histology displayed a bone-forming tumor consisting of trabeculae of remodeled woven bone framed by plump osteoblasts in a vascularized background. Next-generation sequencing analysis identified a PRSS44::ALK fusion gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Afkhami
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics and biomarkers, Laboratory Medicine, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Michael J Klein
- Department of Pathology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Diana Bell
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
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13
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Xiang Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Zheng D, Meng Q, Jiang L, Yang S, Zhang S, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang B. Mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: promising strategies to overcoming challenges. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1366260. [PMID: 38655260 PMCID: PMC11035781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a significant challenge in the treatment of this disease. The mechanisms of resistance are multifactorial and include molecular target alterations and activation of alternative pathways, tumor heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment change, immune evasion, and immunosuppression. Promising strategies for overcoming resistance include the development of combination therapies, understanding the resistance mechanisms to better use novel drug targets, the identification of biomarkers, the modulation of the tumor microenvironment and so on. Ongoing research into the mechanisms of resistance and the development of new therapeutic approaches hold great promise for improving outcomes for patients with NSCLC. Here, we summarize diverse mechanisms driving resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy in NSCLC and the latest potential and promising strategies to overcome the resistance to help patients who suffer from NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchu Xiang
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Zheng
- The College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuxing Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology (Liuzhou People’s Hospital), Liuzhou, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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14
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Zhou Y, Peng S, Wang H, Cai X, Wang Q. Review of Personalized Medicine and Pharmacogenomics of Anti-Cancer Compounds and Natural Products. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:468. [PMID: 38674402 PMCID: PMC11049652 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the FDA has approved numerous anti-cancer drugs that are mutation-based for clinical use. These drugs have improved the precision of treatment and reduced adverse effects and side effects. Personalized therapy is a prominent and hot topic of current medicine and also represents the future direction of development. With the continuous advancements in gene sequencing and high-throughput screening, research and development strategies for personalized clinical drugs have developed rapidly. This review elaborates the recent personalized treatment strategies, which include artificial intelligence, multi-omics analysis, chemical proteomics, and computation-aided drug design. These technologies rely on the molecular classification of diseases, the global signaling network within organisms, and new models for all targets, which significantly support the development of personalized medicine. Meanwhile, we summarize chemical drugs, such as lorlatinib, osimertinib, and other natural products, that deliver personalized therapeutic effects based on genetic mutations. This review also highlights potential challenges in interpreting genetic mutations and combining drugs, while providing new ideas for the development of personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics in cancer study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.Z.); (S.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Siqi Peng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.Z.); (S.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Huizhen Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.Z.); (S.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Xinyin Cai
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 202103, China
| | - Qingzhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.Z.); (S.P.); (H.W.)
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15
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Xu J, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Liu Y, Tang J. Zinc finger protein 263 upregulates interleukin 33 and suppresses autophagy to accelerate the malignant progression of non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:924-935. [PMID: 37821764 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a complex disease that remains a major public health concern worldwide. One promising avenue for NSCLC treatment is the targeting of transcription factors that regulate key pathways involved in cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the role of the transcription factor ZNF263 in NSCLC and its impact on the regulation of IL33, apoptosis, and autophagy. METHODS Levels of ZNF263 in tissues and cell lines were identified, after which the effects of its knockdown on cellular malignant behaviors, apoptosis and autophagy were assessed. Based on bioinformatics analysis, ZNF263 was found to bind to IL33 promoter, their mutual relationship was confirmed, as well as the role of IL33 in the regulation of ZNF263. The involvement of ZNF263 in the growth of xenograft tumors was assessed using tumor-bearing nude mouse models. RESULTS Experimental results revealed that ZNF263 was upregulated in NSCLC tissue samples and cell lines. Its expression level is positively correlated with cellular malignant behaviors. We further demonstrated that ZNF263 upregulated IL33 expression, which, in turn, promoted the proliferation and migration, inhibited apoptosis and autophagy in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, ZNF263 knockdown reduced the growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice. CONCLUSION This finding suggests that the inhibition of ZNF263 or IL33 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC. Importantly, our results highlight the crucial role of transcription factors in NSCLC and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, WuJin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, WuJin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjuan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, WuJin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, WuJin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, WuJin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, WuJin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlei Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, WuJin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, WuJin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, 2 Yongning North Road, Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Gonzalez-Cárdenas M, Treviño V. The Impact of Mutational Hotspots on Cancer Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1072. [PMID: 38473427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cofactors, biomarkers, and the mutational status of genes such as TP53, EGFR, IDH1/2, or PIK3CA have been used for patient stratification. However, many genes exhibit recurrent mutational positions known as hotspots, specifically linked to varying degrees of survival outcomes. Nevertheless, few hotspots have been analyzed (e.g., TP53 and EGFR). Thus, many other genes and hotspots remain unexplored. METHODS We systematically screened over 1400 hotspots across 33 TCGA cancer types. We compared the patients carrying a hotspot against (i) all cases, (ii) gene-mutated cases, (iii) other mutated hotspots, or (iv) specific hotspots. Due to the limited number of samples in hotspots and the inherent group imbalance, besides Cox models and the log-rank test, we employed VALORATE to estimate their association with survival precisely. RESULTS We screened 1469 hotspots in 6451 comparisons, where 314 were associated with survival. Many are discussed and linked to the current literature. Our findings demonstrate associations between known hotspots and survival while also revealing more potential hotspots. To enhance accessibility and promote further investigation, all the Kaplan-Meier curves, the log-rank tests, Cox statistics, and VALORATE-estimated null distributions are accessible on our website. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis revealed both known and putatively novel hotspots associated with survival, which can be used as biomarkers. Our web resource is a valuable tool for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gonzalez-Cárdenas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Eugenio Garza Sada Avenue 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Víctor Treviño
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Eugenio Garza Sada Avenue 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, oriGen Project, Eugenio Garza Sada Avenue 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
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17
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Najafiyan B, Bokaii Hosseini Z, Esmaelian S, Firuzpour F, Rahimipour Anaraki S, Kalantari L, Hheidari A, Mesgari H, Nabi-Afjadi M. Unveiling the potential effects of resveratrol in lung cancer treatment: Mechanisms and nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116207. [PMID: 38295754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer ranks among the most prevalent forms of cancer and remains a significant factor in cancer-related mortality across the world. It poses significant challenges to healthcare systems and society as a whole due to its high incidence, mortality rates, and late-stage diagnosis. Resveratrol (RV), a natural compound found in various plants, has shown potential as a nanomedicine for lung cancer treatment. RV has varied effects on cancer cells, including promoting apoptosis by increasing pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and Bak) and decreasing anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2). It also hinders cell proliferation by influencing important signaling pathways (MAPK, mTOR, PI3K/Akt, and Wnt/β-catenin) that govern cancer progression. In addition, RV acts as a potent antioxidant, diminishing oxidative stress and safeguarding cells against DNA damage. However, using RV alone in cancer treatment has drawbacks, such as low bioavailability, lack of targeting ability, and susceptibility to degradation. In contrast, nanoparticle-based delivery systems address these limitations and hold promise for improving treatment outcomes in lung cancer; nanoparticle formulations of RV offer advantages such as improved drug delivery, increased stability, controlled release, and targeted delivery to lung cancer cells. This article will provide an overview of lung cancer, explore the potential of RV as a therapeutic agent, discuss the benefits and challenges of nanoparticle-based drug delivery, and highlight the promise of RV nanoparticles for cancer treatment, including lung cancer. By optimizing these systems for clinical application, future studies aim to enhance overall treatment outcomes and improve the prognosis for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Najafiyan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Samar Esmaelian
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Firuzpour
- Student of Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Leila Kalantari
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Hheidari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Mesgari
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Acharya B, Saha D, Armstrong D, Jabali B, Hanafi M, Herrera-Rueda A, Lakkaniga NR, Frett B. Kinase inhibitor macrocycles: a perspective on limiting conformational flexibility when targeting the kinome with small molecules. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:399-415. [PMID: 38389874 PMCID: PMC10880908 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00457k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods utilized for drug discovery and development within the kinome have rapidly evolved since the approval of imatinib, the first small molecule kinase inhibitor. Macrocycles have received increasing interest as a technique to improve kinase inhibitor drug properties evident by the FDA approvals of lorlatinib, pacritinib, and repotrectinib. Compared to their acyclic counterparts, macrocycles can possess improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. This review highlights clinical success stories when implementing macrocycles in kinase-based drug discovery and showcases that macrocyclization is a clinically validated drug discovery strategy when targeting the kinome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baku Acharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Debasmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
- Conrad Prebys Centre for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute San Diego CA USA
| | - Daniel Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Baha'a Jabali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Maha Hanafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo 11526 Egypt
| | - Alan Herrera-Rueda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad India
| | - Brendan Frett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
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Daruish M, Ambrogio F, Colagrande A, Marzullo A, Alaggio R, Trilli I, Ingravallo G, Cazzato G. Kinase Fusions in Spitz Melanocytic Tumors: The Past, the Present, and the Future. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2024; 11:112-123. [PMID: 38390852 PMCID: PMC10885070 DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, particular interest has developed in molecular biology applied to the field of dermatopathology, with a focus on nevi of the Spitz spectrum. From 2014 onwards, an increasing number of papers have been published to classify, stratify, and correctly frame molecular alterations, including kinase fusions. In this paper, we try to synthesize the knowledge gained in this area so far. In December 2023, we searched Medline and Scopus for case reports and case series, narrative and systematic reviews, meta-analyses, observational studies-either longitudinal or historical, case series, and case reports published in English in the last 15 years using the keywords spitzoid neoplasms, kinase fusions, ALK, ROS1, NTRK (1-2-3), MET, RET, MAP3K8, and RAF1. ALK-rearranged Spitz tumors and ROS-1-rearranged tumors are among the most studied and characterized entities in the literature, in an attempt (although not always successful) to correlate histopathological features with the probable molecular driver alteration. NTRK-, RET-, and MET-rearranged Spitz tumors present another studied and characterized entity, with several rearrangements described but as of yet incomplete information about their prognostic significance. Furthermore, although rarer, rearrangements of serine-threonine kinases such as BRAF, RAF1, and MAP3K8 have also been described, but more cases with more detailed information about possible histopathological alterations, mechanisms of etiopathogenesis, and also prognosis are needed. The knowledge of molecular drivers is of great interest in the field of melanocytic diagnostics, and it is important to consider that in addition to immunohistochemistry, molecular techniques such as FISH, PCR, and/or NGS are essential to confirm and classify the different patterns of mutation. Future studies with large case series and molecular sequencing techniques are needed to allow for a more complete and comprehensive understanding of the role of fusion kinases in the spitzoid tumor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Daruish
- Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Dorchester DT1 2JY, UK
| | - Francesca Ambrogio
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Colagrande
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Marzullo
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Irma Trilli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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20
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Khaparkhuntikar K, Maji I, Gupta SK, Mahajan S, Aalhate M, Sriram A, Gupta U, Guru SK, Kulkarni P, Singh PK. Acalabrutinib as a novel hope for the treatment of breast and lung cancer: an in-silico proof of concept. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1469-1484. [PMID: 37272883 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2217923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is proved to be a groundbreaking concept in the field of cancer research, accelerating the pace of de novo drug discovery by investigating the anti-cancer activity of the already approved drugs. On the other hand, it got highly benefitted from the advancement in the in-silico tools and techniques, which are used to build up the initial "proof of concept" based on the drug-target interaction. Acalabrutinib (ACL) is a well-known drug for the treatment of hematological malignancies. But, the therapeutic ability of ACL against solid tumors is still unexplored. Thereby, the activity of ACL on breast cancer and lung cancer was evaluated utilizing different computational methods. A series of proteins such as VEGFR1, ALK, BCL2, CXCR-4, mTOR, AKT, PI3K, HER-2, and Estrogen receptors were selected based on their involvement in the progression of the breast as well as lung cancer. A multi-level computational study starting from protein-ligand docking to molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed to detect the binding potential of ACL towards the selected proteins. Results of the study led to the identification of ACL as a ligand that showed a high docking score and binding energy with HER-2, mTOR, and VEGFR-1 successively. Whereas, the MD simulations study has also shown good docked complex stability of ACL with HER2 and VEGFR1. Our findings suggest that interaction with those receptors can lead to preventive action on both breast and lung cancer, thus it can be concluded that ACL could be a potential molecule for the same purpose.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar Khaparkhuntikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Indrani Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Gupta
- Department of Bioinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Srushti Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mayur Aalhate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Anitha Sriram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ujala Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Guru
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Prachi Kulkarni
- Department of Physiology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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21
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Eren OC, Mericoz CA, Bozkurtlar E, Bulutay P, Baygul A, Kulac I. Novel ALK immunohistochemistry assay (clone OTI1A4, Dako) is a sensitive, reliable marker for identifying ALK rearrangements in lung adenocarcinomas: A validation study. Am J Clin Pathol 2024; 161:71-82. [PMID: 37681660 PMCID: PMC10765139 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We present the first study validating the recent Dako ALK assay (clone OTI1A4, in vitro diagnostic) for detecting ALK rearrangements in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS Lung adenocarcinoma cases between 2011 and 2023 were retrospectively collected to create a cohort of 203 samples. Cases were stained with Dako ALK OTI1A4 and Ventana ALK D5F3 and reviewed by 3 pathologists independently. Correlation between assays, including their sensitivity and specificity, was evaluated. RESULTS The cohort (n = 203) consisted of resections, core needle biopsies, and cell blocks. Agreement between Dako ALK OTI1A4 and Ventana ALK D5F3 assays was "almost perfect," with κ = 0.89. The sensitivity and specificity of the Dako ALK OTI1A4 assay were 93.3% and 96%, respectively, in a subgroup of 55 molecularly confirmed cases (n = 30 with and n = 25 without ALK rearrangement). CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemistry-based assays provide a valid and reasonably priced alternative, especially in settings where molecular confirmatory tests are neither offered nor accessible. Given high interassay and molecular concordance, we propose that the novel Dako OTI1A4 assay can be reliably used to identify cases with ALK rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Can Eren
- Department of Pathology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University IsBank Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cisel Aydin Mericoz
- Department of Pathology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Bozkurtlar
- Department of Pathology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Bulutay
- Department of Pathology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Baygul
- Department of Biostatistics, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Kulac
- Department of Pathology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Mesquita FP, Lima LB, da Silva EL, Souza PFN, de Moraes MEA, Burbano RMR, Montenegro RC. A Review on Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Rearrangements and Mutations: Implications for Gastric Carcinogenesis and Target Therapy. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:539-552. [PMID: 38424421 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037291318240130103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is a complex disease with diverse genetic modifications, including Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) gene changes. The ALK gene is located on chromosome 2p23 and encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a crucial role in embryonic development and cellular differentiation. ALK alterations can result from gene fusion, mutation, amplification, or overexpression in gastric adenocarcinoma. Fusion occurs when the ALK gene fuses with another gene, resulting in a chimeric protein with constitutive kinase activity and promoting oncogenesis. ALK mutations are less common but can also result in the activation of ALK signaling pathways. Targeted therapies for ALK variations in gastric adenocarcinoma have been developed, including ALK inhibitors that have shown promising results in pre-clinical studies. Future studies are needed to elucidate the ALK role in gastric cancer and to identify predictive biomarkers to improve patient selection for targeted therapy. Overall, ALK alterations are a relevant biomarker for gastric adenocarcinoma treatment and targeted therapies for ALK may improve patients' overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pantoja Mesquita
- Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Luina Benevides Lima
- Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Emerson Lucena da Silva
- Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Pedro Filho Noronha Souza
- Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | | | - Rommel Mario Rodrigues Burbano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ophir Loyola Hospital, Belém, Brazil
| | - Raquel Carvalho Montenegro
- Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
- Latinoamericana de Implementación y Validación de guias clinicas Farmacogenomicas (RELIVAF), Brazil
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23
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Bellur S, Khosla AA, Ozair A, Kotecha R, McDermott MW, Ahluwalia MS. Management of Brain Metastases: A Review of Novel Therapies. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:845-858. [PMID: 38011864 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) represent the most common intracranial tumors in adults, and most commonly originate from lung, followed by breast, melanoma, kidney, and colorectal cancer. Management of BM is individualized based on the size and number of brain metastases, the extent of extracranial disease, the primary tumor subtype, neurological symptoms, and prior lines of therapy. Until recently, treatment strategies were limited to local therapies, like surgical resection and radiotherapy, the latter in the form of whole-brain radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery. The next generation of local strategies includes laser interstitial thermal therapy, magnetic hyperthermic therapy, post-resection brachytherapy, and focused ultrasound. New targeted therapies and immunotherapies with documented intracranial activity have transformed clinical outcomes. Novel systemic therapies with intracranial utility include new anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors like brigatinib and ensartinib; selective "rearranged during transfection" inhibitors like selpercatinib and pralsetinib; B-raf proto-oncogene inhibitors like encorafenib and vemurafenib; Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene inhibitors like sotorasib and adagrasib; ROS1 gene rearrangement (ROS1) inhibitors, anti-neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase agents like larotrectinib and entrectinib; anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/epidermal growth factor receptor exon 20 agent like poziotinib; and antibody-drug conjugates like trastuzumab-emtansine and trastuzumab-deruxtecan. This review highlights the modern multidisciplinary management of BM, emphasizing the integration of systemic and local therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Bellur
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Ahmad Ozair
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rupesh Kotecha
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Michael W McDermott
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
- Miami Neuroscience Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida
| | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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24
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Jachowski A, Marcinkowski M, Szydłowski J, Grabarczyk O, Nogaj Z, Marcin Ł, Pławski A, Jagodziński PP, Słowikowski BK. Modern therapies of nonsmall cell lung cancer. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:695-711. [PMID: 37698765 PMCID: PMC10632224 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC), particularly nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is one of the most prevalent types of neoplasia worldwide, regardless of gender, with the highest mortality rates in oncology. Over the years, treatment for NSCLC has evolved from conventional surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy to more tailored and minimally invasive approaches. The use of personalised therapies has increased the expected efficacy of treatment while simultaneously reducing the frequency of severe adverse effects (AEs). In this review, we discuss established modern approaches, including immunotherapy and targeted therapy, as well as experimental molecular methods like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and nanoparticles. These emerging methods offer promising outcomes and shorten the recovery time for various patients. Recent advances in the diagnostic field, including imaging and genetic profiling, have enabled the implementation of these methods. The versatility of these modern therapies allows for multiple treatment options, such as single-agent use, combination with existing conventional treatments, or incorporation into new regimens. As a result, patients can survive even in the advanced stages of NSCLC, leading to increased survival indicators such as overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Jachowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Marcinkowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Szydłowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Oskar Grabarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Nogaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łaz Marcin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pławski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32 Street, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kazimierz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland.
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25
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Wang QA, Chen HW, Wu RC, Wu CE. Update of Diagnosis and Targeted Therapy for ALK + Inflammation Myofibroblastic Tumor. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:1683-1702. [PMID: 37938503 PMCID: PMC10781869 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), characterized by intermediate malignancy and a propensity for recurrence, has presented a formidable clinical challenge in diagnosis and treatment. Its pathological characteristics may resemble other neoplasms or reactive lesions, and the treatment was limited, taking chemotherapies as the only option for those inoperable. However, discovering anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein expression in approximately 50% of IMT cases has shed light on a new diagnostic approach and application of targeted therapies. With the previous success of combating ALK+ non-small-cell lung cancers with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), crizotinib, a first-generation ALK-TKI, was officially approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2020, to treat unresectable ALK+ IMT. After the approval of crizotinib, other ALK-TKIs, such as ceritinib, alectinib, brigatinib, and lorlatinib, have proven their efficacy on ALK+ IMT with sporadic case reports. The sequential treatments of targeted therapies in may provide the insight into the choice of ALK-TKIs in different lines of treatment for unresectable ALK+ IMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-An Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Wu Chen
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Radiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-En Wu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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26
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Xia J, Chen S, Zhang Z, Wang J. Identification of a novel RSRC1-ALK (R6: A20) fusion using next-generation sequencing technique. Cancer Genet 2023; 278-279:18-23. [PMID: 37572583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion showed promising responses to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this study, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), next generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the presence of ALK fusion, to investigate whether the patient may benefit from TKI therapy. Postoperative pathological analysis indicated invasive adenocarcinoma with mainly mucinous type and partial micropapillary type in left lower lung. Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma was seen in left upper lung, with mainly acinar type. NGS detected a novel RSRC1-ALK (R6: A20) fusion in left lower lobe sample, which was presented as the fusion of exon 6 of RSRC1 and exon 20 of ALK gene. Sanger sequencing validated the fusion. Break rearrangement signal of ALK gene was detected in 80% of tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry showed ALK positive expression in lung. For the treatment, the patient received ensartinib hydrochloride with a dose of 225 mg per day. He was in a state of progression-free survival for at least 24 months in follow-up with no complications. NGS can be used for exploring treatment options for NSCLC patients with ALK fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xia
- Department of Medical Examination, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, PR China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, PR China
| | | | - Jipeng Wang
- Department of Respiration, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, PR China.
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27
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Liu Y, Zhou Y, Chen P. Lung cancer organoids: models for preclinical research and precision medicine. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1293441. [PMID: 37941550 PMCID: PMC10628480 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1293441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignancy with high incidence and mortality rates globally, and it has a 5-year survival rate of only 10%-20%. The significant heterogeneity in clinical presentation, histological features, multi-omics findings, and drug sensitivity among different lung cancer patients necessitate the development of personalized treatment strategies. The current precision medicine for lung cancer, primarily based on pathological and genomic multi-omics testing, fails to meet the needs of patients with clinically refractory lung cancer. Lung cancer organoids (LCOs) are derived from tumor cells within tumor tissues and are generated through three-dimensional tissue culture, enabling them to faithfully recapitulate in vivo tumor characteristics and heterogeneity. The establishment of a series of LCOs biobanks offers promising platforms for efficient screening and identification of novel targets for anti-tumor drug discovery. Moreover, LCOs provide supplementary decision-making factors to enhance the current precision medicine for lung cancer, thereby addressing the limitations associated with pathology-guided approaches in managing refractory lung cancer. This article presents a comprehensive review on the construction methods and potential applications of LCOs in both preclinical and clinical research. It highlights the significance of LCOs in biomarker exploration, drug resistance investigation, target identification, clinical precision drug screening, as well as microfluidic technology-based high-throughput drug screening strategies. Additionally, it discusses the current limitations and future prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Research and Development Department, NanoPeptide (Qingdao) Biotechnology Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Research and Development Department, NanoPeptide (Qingdao) Biotechnology Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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28
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Yang Y, Lu B, Hu M, Wang Q, Jiang M, Zhang T, Liu Z. Mutation status analysis of 58 patients with advanced ALK fusion gene positive non small cell lung cancer. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:319. [PMID: 37658352 PMCID: PMC10472634 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the characteristics and prognostic values of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) fusion gene partner, gene subtype and abundance in tumor tissues of advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients with positive ALK fusion gene and to explore the best treatment mode of ALK-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors(TKIs). METHODS Cases of advanced NSCLC patients with ALK positive confirmed by both Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and immunohistochemistry were retrospectively collected. The relationships of Overall Survival (OS)/Progression Free Survival (PFS) between different mutation subtypes, mutation abundance, clinicopathological features were analyzed. OS/PFS between different treatment mode of ALK inhibitors were compared. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients were enrolled. There were diverse fusion partners. Five subtypes of Echinoderm Microtubule-associated protein-Like 4 gene (EML4)-ALK fusion mutation were detected: V1,V2,V3,V5 and V7. The mutation abundance ranged from 0.13 to 27.77%, with a median of 5.34%. The abundance of V2 and V5 was higher than V1 and V3 respectively. There was no difference in OS between the low abundance group(≤ 5.34%) and the high abundance group(>5.34%) (P = 0.434). PFS of second-generation ALK inhibitors as first-line treatment was longer than that of Crizotinib as first-line (P<0.001). Never smokers had longer OS than current smokers(P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There are differences in abundance between different fusion partners and subtypes in advanced NSCLC with positive ALK. OS is not associated with subtypes, mutation abundance and first line treatment option of either generation of ALK inhibitors. Smoking is a poor prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Oncology Department of Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Baohua Lu
- Oncology Department of Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Mingming Hu
- Oncology Department of Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Oncology Department of Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 17 Qihelou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Oncology Department of Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Oncology Department of Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, PR China
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29
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van der Leest P, Janning M, Rifaela N, Azpurua MLA, Kropidlowski J, Loges S, Lozano N, Sartori A, Irwin D, Lamy PJ, Hiltermann TJN, Groen HJM, Pantel K, van Kempen LC, Wikman H, Schuuring E. Detection and Monitoring of Tumor-Derived Mutations in Circulating Tumor DNA Using the UltraSEEK Lung Panel on the MassARRAY System in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13390. [PMID: 37686200 PMCID: PMC10487510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a potential minimally invasive molecular tool to guide treatment decision-making and disease monitoring. A suitable diagnostic-grade platform is required for the detection of tumor-specific mutations with high sensitivity in the circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) of cancer patients. In this multicenter study, the ccfDNA of 72 patients treated for advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was evaluated using the UltraSEEK® Lung Panel on the MassARRAY® System, covering 73 hotspot mutations in EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, ERBB2, and PIK3CA against mutation-specific droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and routine tumor tissue NGS. Variant detection accuracy at primary diagnosis and during disease progression, and ctDNA dynamics as a marker of treatment efficacy, were analyzed. A multicenter evaluation using reference material demonstrated an overall detection rate of over 90% for variant allele frequencies (VAFs) > 0.5%, irrespective of ccfDNA input. A comparison of UltraSEEK® and ddPCR analyses revealed a 90% concordance. An 80% concordance between therapeutically targetable mutations detected in tumor tissue NGS and ccfDNA UltraSEEK® analysis at baseline was observed. Nine of 84 (11%) tumor tissue mutations were not covered by UltraSEEK®. A decrease in ctDNA levels at 4-6 weeks after treatment initiation detected with UltraSEEK® correlated with prolonged median PFS (46 vs. 6 weeks; p < 0.05) and OS (145 vs. 30 weeks; p < 0.01). Using plasma-derived ccfDNA, the UltraSEEK® Lung Panel with a mid-density set of the most common predictive markers for NSCLC is an alternative tool to detect mutations both at diagnosis and during disease progression and to monitor treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul van der Leest
- Department of Pathology (EA10), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.L.); (N.R.); (M.L.A.A.); (L.C.v.K.)
| | - Melanie Janning
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
- Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.K.); (K.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Naomi Rifaela
- Department of Pathology (EA10), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.L.); (N.R.); (M.L.A.A.); (L.C.v.K.)
| | - Maria L. Aguirre Azpurua
- Department of Pathology (EA10), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.L.); (N.R.); (M.L.A.A.); (L.C.v.K.)
| | - Jolanthe Kropidlowski
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.K.); (K.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Sonja Loges
- Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Lozano
- Institut d’Analyse Génomique Imagenome, Labosud, 34070 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Pierre-Jean Lamy
- Institut d’Analyse Génomique Imagenome, Labosud, 34070 Montpellier, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Clinique BeauSoleil, 34070 Montpellier, France
| | - T. Jeroen N. Hiltermann
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.J.N.H.); (H.J.M.G.)
| | - Harry J. M. Groen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.J.N.H.); (H.J.M.G.)
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.K.); (K.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Léon C. van Kempen
- Department of Pathology (EA10), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.L.); (N.R.); (M.L.A.A.); (L.C.v.K.)
| | - Harriet Wikman
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.K.); (K.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology (EA10), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.L.); (N.R.); (M.L.A.A.); (L.C.v.K.)
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Yang Y, Min J, Yang N, Yu Q, Cheng Y, Zhao Y, Li M, Chen H, Ren S, Zhou J, Zhuang W, Qin X, Cao L, Yu Y, Zhang J, He J, Feng J, Yu H, Zhang L, Fang W. Envonalkib versus crizotinib for treatment-naive ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase III trial. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:301. [PMID: 37574511 PMCID: PMC10423717 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are present in about 5-6% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases and associated with increased risks of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Envonalkib, a novel ALK inhibitor, demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity and safety in advanced ALK-positive NSCLC in the first-in-human phase I study. This phase III trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04009317) investigated the efficacy and safety of first-line envonalkib in advanced ALK-positive NSCLC cases. Totally 264 participants were randomized 1:1 to receive envonalkib (n = 131) or crizotinib (n = 133). Median independent review committee (IRC)-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) times were 24.87 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.64-30.36) and 11.60 (95% CI: 8.28-13.73) months in the envonalkib and crizotinib groups, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.34-0.64, p < 0.0001). IRC-assessed confirmed objective response rate (ORR) was higher (81.68% vs. 70.68%, p = 0.056) and duration of response was longer (median, 25.79 [95% CI, 16.53-29.47] vs. 11.14 [95% CI, 9.23-16.59] months, p = 0.0003) in the envonalkib group compared with the crizotinib group. In participants with baseline brain target lesions, IRC-assessed CNS-ORR was improved with envonalkib compared with crizotinib (78.95% vs. 23.81%). Overall survival (OS) data were immature, and median OS was not reached in either group (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.48-1.47, p = 0.5741). The 12-month OS rates were 90.6% (95% CI, 84.0%-94.5%) and 89.4% (95% CI, 82.8%-93.6%) in the envonalkib and crizotinib groups, respectively. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events were observed in 55.73% and 42.86% of participants in the envonalkib and crizotinib groups, respectively. Envonalkib significantly improved PFS and delayed brain metastasis progression in advanced ALK-positive NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Nong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Qitao Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology of Respiratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400050, China
| | - Shou'an Ren
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wu Zhuang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Xintian Qin
- The First Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510699, China
| | - Lejie Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou Research Institute of Respiratory Disease and China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Fukuda A, Yoshida T. Treatment of advanced ALK-rearranged NSCLC following second-generation ALK-TKI failure. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:1157-1167. [PMID: 37772744 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2265566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement is detected in approximately 3-5% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting ALK rearrangement (ALK-TKIs) have shown significant efficacy and improved the survival of patients with NSCLC exhibiting ALK rearrangement. However, almost all patients exhibit disease progression during TKI therapy owing to resistance acquired through various molecular mechanisms, including both ALK-dependent and ALK-independent. AREAS COVERED Here, we review the mechanisms underlying resistance to second-generation ALK-TKIs, and the clinical management strategies following resistance in patients with ALK rearrangement-positive NSCLC. EXPERT OPINION Treatment strategies following the failure of second-generation ALK-TKIs failure should be based on resistant mechanisms. For patients with ALK mutations who exhibit resistance to second-generation ALK-TKIs, lorlatinib is the primary treatment option. However, the identification of resistance profiles of second-generation ALK-TKIs can aid in the selection of an appropriate treatment strategy. In cases of ALK-dependent resistance mutations, lorlatinib could be the first choice as it exhibits the broadest coverage of mutations that lead to resistance against second-generation ALK-TKIs, such as G1202R, and L1196M. In cases of no resistance mutations, atezolizumab, bevacizumab, and platinum-based chemotherapy could be the alternative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Fukuda
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang F, Xu G, Wu X. Cardiac arrhythmias associated with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors: an analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Expert Opin Drug Saf 2023; 22:1127-1132. [PMID: 37428255 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2234279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) may provoke cardiac arrhythmias. We conducted this pharmacovigilance analysis to research cardiac arrhythmias associated with ALK-TKIs using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The first ALK-TKI, named crizotinib, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 26 August 2011 for the treatment of ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated ALK-TKIs-induced cardiac arrhythmias, by using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC) for mining the adverse event report signals in the FAERS database between January 2016 and June 2022. RESULTS We identified a total of 362 ALK-TKIs-related cardiac arrhythmia reports which appeared to influence more men (64.44%) than women (30.76%), with a median age of 68 (interquartile range [IQR] 7-74) years. Compared with the full database, ALK-TKIs were detected with pharmacovigilance of cardiac arrhythmias (ROR025 = 1.26, IC025 = 0.26). Crizotinib and alectinib were found to be related to higher reporting of arrhythmias. The median time to onset (TTO) among five ALK-TKI therapies was significantly different (p = 0.044). CONCLUSION ALK-TKIs present different frequencies of cardiac arrhythmias reporting, with only crizotinib and alectinib producing positive signals in high-level group term (HLGT) level arrhythmia. The time interval between the initial of drug treatment to the onset of arrhythmia varies greatly and cannot be predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, P.R.China
| | - Guishui Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic, The First People's Hospital of Anqing, Anqing, P.R.China
| | - Xinan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, P.R.China
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Ban D, Housley SN, McDonald JF. The Clinical Significance of Genetic Variation in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10823. [PMID: 37446001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation is a well-known contributor to the onset and progression of cancer. The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive examination of the nucleotide and chromosomal variation associated with the onset and progression of serous ovarian cancer. Using a variety of computational and statistical methods, we examine the exome sequence profiles of genetic variants present in the primary tumors of 432 ovarian cancer patient samples to compute: (1) the tumor mutational burden for all genes and (2) the chromosomal copy number alterations associated with the onset/progression of ovarian cancer. Tumor mutational burden is reduced in the late vs. early stages, with the highest levels being associated with loss-of-function mutations in DNA-repair genes. Nucleotide variation and copy number alterations associated with known cancer driver genes are selectively favored over ovarian cancer development. The results indicate that genetic variation is a significant contributor to the onset and progression of ovarian cancer. The measurement of the relative levels of genetic variation associated with individual ovarian cancer patient tumors may be a clinically valuable predictor of potential tumor aggressiveness and resistance to chemotherapy. Tumors found to be associated with high levels of genetic variation may help in the clinical identification of high-risk ovarian cancer patients who could benefit from more frequent monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjo Ban
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Stephen N Housley
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - John F McDonald
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Wang B, Song Y, Chen Z, Su X, Yang X, Wei Z, Chen J, Chen C, Li M. A retrospective study of postoperative targeted therapy in ALK-positive lung cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8317. [PMID: 37221218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aim to investigate the therapeutic effect and safety of ALK inhibitor in ALK-positive lung cancer patients. 59 patients with ALK-positive lung cancer from August 2013 to August 2022 were retrospectively recruited. The basic information, pathological type, clinical stage and treatment strategy were collected. These patients were divided into two groups, including 29 patients of conventional adjuvant chemotherapy, and 30 cases of targeted therapy. The patients in the targeted therapy group underwent adjuvant targeted therapy with crizotinib for 2 years. The observation indicators include curative effects and adverse events. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were also analyzed. We analyzed the pathological stages after adjuvant chemotherapy and targeted therapy in lung cancer, no significant difference in the p stage N and T was found between the two therapeutic groups. However, the DFS events, DFS median time and OS median time showed significant improvement in the targeted therapy group when compared with adjuvant chemotherapy (all P < 0.05). Besides, the patients under both therapeutic regimens presented some adverse events, among them elevated aspartate transaminase/alanine aminotransferase was the most common adverse event in all the patients, followed by nausea and vomiting. Our study identified that crizotinib-based postoperative targeted therapy helps improve the prognosis of patients with ALK-positive lung cancer, confirming that postoperative targeted therapy can be considered an effective and feasible therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No. 10, Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No. 10, Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No. 10, Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiaona Su
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No. 10, Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhi Wei
- Information Section, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Junxia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No. 10, Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Mengxia Li
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No. 10, Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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de Jong D, Das JP, Ma H, Pailey Valiplackal J, Prendergast C, Roa T, Braumuller B, Deng A, Dercle L, Yeh R, Salvatore MM, Capaccione KM. Novel Targets, Novel Treatments: The Changing Landscape of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2855. [PMID: 37345192 PMCID: PMC10216085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has undergone a paradigm shift. Once a disease with limited potential therapies, treatment options for patients have exploded with the availability of molecular testing to direct management and targeted therapies to treat tumors with specific driver mutations. New in vitro diagnostics allow for the early and non-invasive detection of disease, and emerging in vivo imaging techniques allow for better detection and monitoring. The development of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy has arguably been the biggest advance in lung cancer treatment, given that the vast majority of NSCLC tumors can be treated with these therapies. Specific targeted therapies, including those against KRAS, EGFR, RTK, and others have also improved the outcomes for those individuals bearing an actionable mutation. New and emerging therapies, such as bispecific antibodies, CAR T cell therapy, and molecular targeted radiotherapy, offer promise to patients for whom none of the existing therapies have proved effective. In this review, we provide the most up-to-date survey to our knowledge regarding emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for lung cancer to provide clinicians with a comprehensive reference of the options for treatment available now and those which are soon to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine de Jong
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Jeeban P. Das
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.P.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.M.); (J.P.V.); (C.P.); (T.R.); (B.B.); (L.D.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Jacienta Pailey Valiplackal
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.M.); (J.P.V.); (C.P.); (T.R.); (B.B.); (L.D.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Conor Prendergast
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.M.); (J.P.V.); (C.P.); (T.R.); (B.B.); (L.D.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Tina Roa
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.M.); (J.P.V.); (C.P.); (T.R.); (B.B.); (L.D.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Brian Braumuller
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.M.); (J.P.V.); (C.P.); (T.R.); (B.B.); (L.D.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Aileen Deng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Novant Health, 170 Medical Park Road, Mooresville, NC 28117, USA;
| | - Laurent Dercle
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.M.); (J.P.V.); (C.P.); (T.R.); (B.B.); (L.D.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Randy Yeh
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.P.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Mary M. Salvatore
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.M.); (J.P.V.); (C.P.); (T.R.); (B.B.); (L.D.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Kathleen M. Capaccione
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.M.); (J.P.V.); (C.P.); (T.R.); (B.B.); (L.D.); (M.M.S.)
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Manselle MK, Ries RE, Hylkema T, Leonti A, Kirkey DC, Furlan SN, Meshinchi S. Functional consequence and therapeutic targeting of cryptic ALK fusions in monosomy 7 acute myeloid leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30180. [PMID: 36720638 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have a wide array of cytogenetic and molecular aberrations, which can influence response to therapy. Monosomy 7 is a rare subset within pediatric AML (prevalence of <2%) that is highly associated with poor outcomes. Fusions involving the anaplastic tyrosine kinase (ALK) gene were exclusively identified in 14.3% of this high-risk cohort, while absent across all other AML. Given the dismal outcomes of monosomy 7, we evaluated the use of crizotinib, an FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used to treat patients with ALK fusions. Our findings suggest that crizotinib may serve as a novel therapy for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makia K Manselle
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical Research Division, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rhonda E Ries
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tiffany Hylkema
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amanda Leonti
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Danielle C Kirkey
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical Research Division, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Scott N Furlan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical Research Division, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Zhang R, Wei B, Hu Y, Lv W, Adilai A, Yang F, Zhang J, Cheng G. Whole-Exome Sequencing Revealed the Mutational Profiles of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:291-302. [PMID: 36725383 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a highly aggressive type of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, of which approximately 90% of the cases are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In recent years, the incidence of PCNSL has significantly increased in women and older men. Although advanced treatments such as high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) and targeted agents have been introduced, the prognosis of these patients remains poorer than those with other forms of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. METHODS Twelve cases of Chinese PCNSL were analyzed to detect their genetic alterations using whole-exome sequencing (WES). We identified 448 potential somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) with a median of 12 SNVs per PCNSL sample and 35 small indels with potentially protein-changing features in 9 PCNSL samples. RESULTS We found that myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) had the highest mutation frequency, which affected the activity of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. PCNSL samples with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (LRP1B) mutations had a higher mutation rate than samples with wild-type LRP1B. Polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (PKHD1), the causal gene of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), was identified in 2 PCNSL cases and exhibited missense mutations. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment in pathways associated with central carbon metabolism in cancer, renal cell carcinoma, nicotine addiction, bladder cancer, and long-term depression. CONCLUSIONS WES revealed significantly mutated genes associated with the molecular mechanisms of PCNSL, which could serve as therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Boyuan Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenying Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing,China
| | - Abudurexiti Adilai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Kemper M, Krekeler C, Menck K, Lenz G, Evers G, Schulze AB, Bleckmann A. Liquid Biopsies in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1430. [PMID: 36900221 PMCID: PMC10000706 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As lung cancer has the highest cancer-specific mortality rates worldwide, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic and diagnostic approaches to detect early-stage tumors and to monitor their response to the therapy. In addition to the well-established tissue biopsy analysis, liquid-biopsy-based assays may evolve as an important diagnostic tool. The analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is the most established method, followed by other methods such as the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Both PCR- and NGS-based assays are used for the mutational assessment of lung cancer, including the most frequent driver mutations. However, ctDNA analysis might also play a role in monitoring the efficacy of immunotherapy and its recent accomplishments in the landscape of state-of-the-art lung cancer therapy. Despite the promising aspects of liquid-biopsy-based assays, there are some limitations regarding their sensitivity (risk of false-negative results) and specificity (interpretation of false-positive results). Hence, further studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of liquid biopsies for lung cancer. Liquid-biopsy-based assays might be integrated into the diagnostic guidelines for lung cancer as a tool to complement conventional tissue sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Kemper
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Carolin Krekeler
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Menck
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Evers
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Arik Bernard Schulze
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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Wang T, Du G, Niu M, Liu R. A novel intergenic region (chr2: 30,193,816)-ALK fusion shows sensitivity to Alectinib in lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:60. [PMID: 36755262 PMCID: PMC9906856 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement, which is mostly showed as fused with echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 gene (EML4), accounts 3-7% of all common mutations in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). An intergenic region (chr2: 30,193,816), which located on upstream of the adjacent ALK gene, was never been reported as a ALK patterner before. CASE PRESENTATION A 56-year-old female patient who had symptoms of persistent cough and shortness of breath visited our facility on April 24, 2022. The chest computerized tomography (CT) examination revealed a massive right hydrothorax. After draining pleural effusion, a hilar mass accompanied multiple nodules in both lungs could been seen in image. Tracheoscopy revealed neoplasm in the medial segment of the middle lobe of the right lung, and the patient was diagnosed as lung adenocarcinoma pathologically. It tested positive for cytokeratin (CK) 7, NapsinA, ALK, and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). Next generation sequence testing confirmed the presence of the intergenic region (chr2: 30,193,816)-ALK fusion in the tumor tissue. The patient was subsequently treated with Alectinib, and her symptoms are obviously relieved, the right hilar mass and metastatic nodule were reduced in the reexamination after three months. CONCLUSIONS The intergenic region (chr2: 30,193,816)-ALK fusion, which is firstly reported in lung adenocarcinoma, is a mutation with expression significance. It shows sensitivity to Alectinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an No.4 Hospital), No.21 Jiefang Road, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Ge Du
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Rehabilitation Center for Elderly, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144 China
| | - Man Niu
- Department of Pathology Medicine, Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an No.4 Hospital), Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an No.4 Hospital), No.21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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Piperidine Derivatives: Recent Advances in Synthesis and Pharmacological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032937. [PMID: 36769260 PMCID: PMC9917539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Piperidines are among the most important synthetic fragments for designing drugs and play a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry. Their derivatives are present in more than twenty classes of pharmaceuticals, as well as alkaloids. The current review summarizes recent scientific literature on intra- and intermolecular reactions leading to the formation of various piperidine derivatives: substituted piperidines, spiropiperidines, condensed piperidines, and piperidinones. Moreover, the pharmaceutical applications of synthetic and natural piperidines were covered, as well as the latest scientific advances in the discovery and biological evaluation of potential drugs containing piperidine moiety. This review is designed to help both novice researchers taking their first steps in this field and experienced scientists looking for suitable substrates for the synthesis of biologically active piperidines.
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The Importance of the Immune System and Molecular Cell Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021506. [PMID: 36675020 PMCID: PMC9861992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a disease that in recent years has become one of the greatest threats to modern society. Every year there are more and more new cases and the percentage of deaths caused by this type of cancer increases. Despite many studies, scientists are still looking for answers regarding the mechanisms of lung cancer development and progression, with particular emphasis on the role of the immune system. The aim of this literature review was to present the importance of disorders of the immune system and the accompanying changes at the level of cell signaling in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. The collected results showed that in the process of immunopathogenesis of almost all subtypes of lung cancer, changes in the tumor microenvironment, deregulation of immune checkpoints and abnormalities in cell signaling pathways are involved, which contribute to the multistage and multifaceted carcinogenesis of this type of cancer. We, therefore, suggest that in future studies, researchers should focus on a detailed analysis of tumor microenvironmental immune checkpoints, and to validate their validity, perform genetic polymorphism analyses in a wide range of patients and healthy individuals to determine the genetic susceptibility to lung cancer development. In addition, further research related to the analysis of the tumor microenvironment; immune system disorders, with a particular emphasis on immunological checkpoints and genetic differences may contribute to the development of new personalized therapies that improve the prognosis of patients.
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Badran A, Steele C, Alquaydheb H, Ba Theeb A, Bawazir A, Elshenawy MA, Atallah JP. The Use of Crizotinib in Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma with ALK Mutation: A Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2023; 16:746-752. [PMID: 37900840 PMCID: PMC10601707 DOI: 10.1159/000532099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma is an ultra-rare and aggressive high-grade fibrosarcoma that was originally described in 1995. More than 100 cases are documented worldwide, with the most extensive case series reporting a high rate of recurrence and metastasis. ALK mutations are commonly seen in soft-tissue sarcomas; however, this is the first known case of an ALK V757M mutation. Here, we present a case using crizotinib in treating an ALK-positive sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma refractory to all traditional treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Badran
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Clara Steele
- School of Medicine, Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hisham Alquaydheb
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ba Theeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mahmoud A. Elshenawy
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Jean Paul Atallah
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wu X, Wang Q, Xu X. Coexistence of a novel STRN-ALK, NBEA-ALK double-fusion in an ovarian malignant mesothelioma patient: a case report and review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1156329. [PMID: 37152028 PMCID: PMC10160359 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1156329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian mesothelioma (POM) is a rare malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Although anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) double-fusion partners have been found in various tumors, it is rarely reported in mesothelioma. In this article, we describe the coexistence of a novel STRN-ALK, neurobeachin (NBEA)-ALK double-fusion in a patient with primary ovarian mesothelioma. A 30-year-old woman was found to have pelvic masses for more than a year. Color Doppler ultrasound showed mixed mass in the left ovary and multiple solid masses in the right ovary. the patient underwent laparoscopic surgery, including total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy, pelvic lymph node and abdominal aortic lymph node resection, omentum resection and abdominal focus resection. Pathologic examination revealed bilateral ovarian malignant mesothelioma and no evidence of malignancy in the resected bilateral round/broad ligaments, bilateral parametrial tissues, vaginal stump, bilateral fallopian tubes, pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes. Immunohistochemistry showed that it was positive for Calretinin, VIM, WT1, PAX8, mesothelin, CK5/6, PCK, CK7, MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6, weakly positive for BAP1, while being negative for Napsin A, P504S, CEA, D2-40, GATA3. The sequencing analysis identified STRN-ALK (intron3:intron19) and NBEA-ALK (intron1:intron16) double-ALK fusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that a novel NBEA-ALK and EML4-ALK coexist in one patient with POM. The patient has completed 6 cycles of continuous chemotherapy and is in stable condition. Whether ALK inhibitors can bring promising benefits to POM patients in the future deserves further study.
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Rossi S, Marinello A, Pagliaro A, Franceschini D, Navarria P, Finocchiaro G, Toschi L, Scorsetti M, Santoro A. Current treatment approaches for brain metastases in ALK/ ROS1/ NTRK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:29-41. [PMID: 36548111 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2162044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients present a high incidence of CNS metastases either at diagnosis or during the course of the disease. In this case, patients present with worse prognosis and are often excluded from clinical trials unless brain metastases are pre-treated or clinically stable. AREAS COVERED As a result of the discovery of several oncogenic drivers in ALK/ROS1/NTRK-positive NSCLC, targeted agents have been tested in several trials. We evaluate and compare the intracranial efficacy of available targeted agents in ALK/ROS1/NTRK-positive NSCLC based on subgroup analysis from pivotal trials. EXPERT OPINION Last-generation ALK inhibitors have shown slightly superior intracranial activity but pivotal trials do not consider the same endpoints for intracranial efficacy, therefore data are not comparable. Local treatments for BM including surgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and WBRT, should be integrated with systemic therapies basing on specific criteria like presence of oligoprogression or symptomatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rossi
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Marinello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Pagliaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Franceschini
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierina Navarria
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Finocchiaro
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Toschi
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Scorsetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Armando Santoro
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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El Sayed R, Tehfe M, Blais N. Successful Treatment with Brigatinib after Alectinib-Induced Hemolytic Anemia in Patients with Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma-A Case Series. Curr Oncol 2022; 30:518-528. [PMID: 36661690 PMCID: PMC9858242 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alectinib is a second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor used in the treatment of advanced ALK-rearrangement positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Many tolerable adverse events were reported with the use of Alectinib; nevertheless, hemolytic anemia was not mentioned in the safety analysis. In this case, series, we report four cases of Alectinib-induced oxidative hemolytic anemia and discuss different etiologic hypotheses on the underlying mechanism of such overlooked adverse event of the drug. Furthermore, we draw attention to the successful treatment with Brigatinib, an alternative second-generation ALK-inhibitor without recurrence of hemolytic anemia in three of our four cases, suggesting a probable class effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola El Sayed
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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Agüloğlu N, Aksu A, Unat DS, Akyol M. The prognostic relationship of 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic and volumetric parameters in metastatic ALK + NSCLC. Nucl Med Commun 2022; 43:1217-1224. [PMID: 36345766 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the role of metabolic and volumetric parameters obtained from 18Fluorine-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced nonsquamous cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement. METHODS Pre and post-treatment PET/CT images of the ALK + NSCLC patients between January 2015 and July 2020 were evaluated. The highest standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) values were obtained from pre-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) basal PET/CT (PETpre) and post-TKI PET/CT (PETpost) images. Total MTV (tMTV) and total TLG (tTLG) values were calculated by summing MTV and TLG values in all tumor foci. The change (Δ) in pSUVmax, pMTV, pTLG, tMTV and tTLG before and after treatment was calculated.The relationship of these parameters with OS and PFS was analyzed. RESULTS tTLGpre, tMTVpre, pTLGpre, pMTVpre, ∆SUVmax, ∆tMTV and ∆tTLG values were found to be associated with OS; ∆tMTV, ∆tTLG, tTLGpre, tMTVpre, pTLGpre and pMTVpre were associated with PFS. The cutoff values in both predicting OS and PFS were calculated as -31.6 and 391.1 for ∆tMTV and tTLGpre, respectively. In Cox regression analysis, ∆tMTV and stage for OS and ∆tMTV and tTLGpre for PFS were obtained as prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic and volumetric parameters, especially TLG values in the whole body before treatment and change in whole body MTV value, obtained from PET/CT may be useful in predicting prognosis and determining treatment strategies for patients with advanced ALK + NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurşin Agüloğlu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir
| | - Ayşegül Aksu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, İstanbul
| | - Damla S Unat
- Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital İzmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Akyol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bakirçay University Medical School İzmir, Turkey
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Wu J, Lin Z. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Targeted Therapy: Drugs and Mechanisms of Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315056. [PMID: 36499382 PMCID: PMC9738331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of precision medicine has brought light to the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), expanding the options for patients with advanced NSCLC by targeting therapy through genetic and epigenetic cues. Tumor driver genes in NSCLC patients have been uncovered one by one, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mesenchymal lymphoma kinase (ALK), and receptor tyrosine kinase ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) mutants. Antibodies and inhibitors that target the critical gene-mediated signaling pathways that regulate tumor growth and development are anticipated to increase patient survival and quality of life. Targeted drugs continue to emerge, with as many as two dozen approved by the FDA, and chemotherapy and targeted therapy have significantly improved patient prognosis. However, resistance due to cancer drivers' genetic alterations has given rise to significant challenges in treating patients with metastatic NSCLC. Here, we summarized the main targeted therapeutic sites of NSCLC drugs and discussed their resistance mechanisms, aiming to provide new ideas for follow-up research and clues for the improvement of targeted drugs.
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48
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Xing P, Zhao Q, Zhang L, Wang H, Huang D, Hu P, Sun Y, Shi Y. Conteltinib (CT-707) in patients with advanced ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter, open-label, first-in-human phase 1 study. BMC Med 2022; 20:453. [PMID: 36424628 PMCID: PMC9694544 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conteltinib (CT-707) is a potent second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) showing promising anti-tumor activities in preclinical studies. This study aimed to assess the safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and efficacy of conteltinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS In this multicenter, single-arm, open-label, first-in-human phase 1 study, conteltinib was taken orally at doses of 50 to 800 mg quaque die (QD) in a dose-escalation phase. If the response was observed in a dose cohort of the dose-escalation phase, dose expansion was started. The primary endpoints were maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and adverse events assessed by investigators. RESULTS Between April 13, 2016, and February 8, 2020, 64 ALK-positive NSCLC patients were enrolled, including 41 (64.1%) patients with ALK TKI-naïve and 23 (35.9%) patients who received crizotinib previously. In the dose-escalation phase, 26 patients were treated with conteltinib at doses of 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 450 mg, 600 mg, and 800 mg QD. One DLT event was reported at the dose of 600 mg. MTD was not reached. Overall, 58 (90.6%) patients experienced treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and 9 (14.1%) patients had grade ≥ 3 TRAEs. The most common TRAEs were diarrhea (46 [71.9%]), serum creatinine elevated (29 [45.3%]), aspartate aminotransferase elevated (25 [39.1%]), and nausea (24 [37.5%]). Among 39 ALK TKI-naïve patients, the overall response rate (ORR) was 64.1% (25 of 39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 47.2-78.8), median progression-free survival (PFS) was 15.9 months (95% CI, 9.26-23.3), and median duration of response (DoR) was 15.0 months (95% CI, 9.06-25.8). Among 21 patients who received crizotinib previously, the ORR was 33.3% (7 of 21; 95% CI, 14.6-57.0), median PFS was 6.73 months (95% CI, 4.73-8.54), and median DoR was 6.60 months (95% CI, 3.77-13.3). CONCLUSIONS In this study, conteltinib showed manageable safety profile, favorable PK properties, and anti-tumor activity in advanced ALK-positive NSCLC patients. The recommended phase 2 dose was determined to be 600 mg QD for ALK TKI-naïve patients and 300 mg bis in die (BID) for patients who received crizotinib previously. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02695550.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyuan Xing
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hanping Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Dingzhi Huang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yinghui Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shouyao Holdings (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100195, China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Wan Y, Qian Y, Wang Y, Fang F, Wu G. Prognostic value of Beclin 1, EGFR and ALK in non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:127. [PMID: 36401689 PMCID: PMC9675885 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most malignant tumors. The study was carried out to investigate the prognostic value of Beclin 1, EGFR and ALK for this cancer. Patients diagnosed with non-squamous NSCLC and admitted to our hospital from January 2011 to September 2016 were analyzed. Expression of Beclin 1 and mutation of EGFR and ALK were assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and analyzed for their relationship with demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Multivariate Cox regression models were applied to analyze the risk factors associated with survival and receiver response curves (ROC) were plotted to determine the prognostic value of Beclin 1, EGFR and ALK for patients with non-squamous NSCLC. Compared with adjacent normal tissue, Beclin 1 expression was elevated in the cancer tissue significantly; assessments of EGFR and ALK mutations showed that out of the 480 patients, 233 (48.5%) and 75 (12.6%) patients had EGFR and ALK mutations. Univariate analysis revealed that Beclin 1 level, EGFR and ALK mutations were associated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, tumor differentiation and prognosis, but not with gender, age and smoking status. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that low Beclin 1 expression and positive EGFR and ALK rearrangements were associated with higher survival rate and longer progress-free survival (PFS). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Beclin 1, EGFR, ALK mutations, tumor differentiation grade, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis were independently associated with PFS. ROC analysis showed that Beclin 1, EGFR and ALK were significant predictors for PFS; the areas under curve (AUC) for Beclin 1, EGFR and ALK were 0.812 (P = 0.018, cut-off value: 1.2), 0.781 (P = 0.011, cut-off value: 15%) and 0.722 (P = 0.010, cut-off value: 11%), respectively, suggesting that they have significant prognostic value for lung cancer patients. Our data indicate that Beclin 1, EGFR and ALK genes are associated with the prognosis of patients with non-squamous NSCLC. High Beclin 1 expression and negative EGFR and ALK mutations predict a poor prognosis with PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Wan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002 Futian Road , Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Youhui Qian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002 Futian Road , Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Youyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002 Futian Road , Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Fuyuan Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002 Futian Road , Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Guodong Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002 Futian Road , Shenzhen, 518000, China
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Zhu L, Ma S, Xia B. Remarkable response to alectinib for metastatic papillary thyroid cancer with STRN-ALK fusion: A case report. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1009076. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1009076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the efficacy of alectinib for papillary thyroid cancer with STRN-ALK fusion. A 64-year-old female presented with metastatic papillary thyroid cancer, widespread to lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes and brain 20 years after surgery. Disease progression still occurred after radioactive iodine therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Tissue obtained from left cervical lymph node confirmed metastatic papillary thyroid cancer. Molecular profiling from re-biopsy tissue identified an STRN-ALK fusion rearrangement. After multidisciplinary discussion, alectinib was administered to the patient. Treatment was well tolerated, and follow-up images confirmed a partial response. ALK occurs rarely, with limited data suggesting the efficacy of ALK inhibitors in thyroid cancer. We presented the first case of a patient with PTC and STRN-ALK fusion to be treat effectively with alectinib.
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