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Wang X, Luo X, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhao J, Bian L. Identification of cancer stemness and M2 macrophage-associated biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19114. [PMID: 37662825 PMCID: PMC10472008 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cancer stemness and M2 macrophages are intimately linked to the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). For this reason, this investigation sought to identify the key genes relevant to cancer stemness and M2 macrophages, explore the relationship between these genes and clinical characteristics, and determine the potential mechanism. Methods LUAD transcriptomic data was analyzed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as well as the Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Differential expression analysis was performed to discern abnormally expressed genes between LUAD and control samples in TCGA cohort. The Cell type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm was applied to determine varyingly infiltrated immune cells in LUAD compared with the control samples in TCGA cohort. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify genes associated with mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) and M2 macrophages. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), RandomForest (RF) and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) machine learning methods were conducted to detect gene signatures. Global survival evaluation (Kaplan-Meier curve) was applied to investigate the relationship between gene signatures and the survival time of LUAD patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were produced to define biomarkers relevant to diagnosis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to probe the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways related to diagnostic biomarkers. The public single-cell dataset of LUAD (GSE123902) was used to investigate the expression differences of diagnostic biomarkers in various cell types in LUAD. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to confirm key genes in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Results A total of 5,410 differentialy expressed genes (DEGs) as well as 15 differentially infiltrated immune cells were identified between LUAD and control sepcimens in TCGA cohort. Thirty-seven DEGs were associated with both M2 macrophages and mRNAsi according to the WGCNA analysis. Sixteen common gene signatures were obtained using three diverse algorithms. CBFA2T3, DENND3 and FCAMR were correlated to overall and disease-free survival of LUAD patients. ROC curves revealed that CBFA2T3 and DENND3 expression accurately classified LUAD and control samples. The results of single cell related analysis showed that two diagnostic biomarkers expressions were differed between the different tissue sources in M2-like macrophages. QRT-PCR demonstrated the mRNA expressions of CBFA2T3 and DENND3 were upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 and H2122. Conclusion Our study identified CBFA2T3 and DENND3 as key genes associated with mRNAsi and M2 macrophages in LUAD and investigated the potential molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - ZhiYuan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - YangHao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Bian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Wu W, Zhang R, Jin Y, Lu Y, Lu Z, Li T, Ye L, Lin L, Wei Y. Cancer trends and risk factors in China over the past 30 years (1990-2019). J Cancer 2023; 14:1935-1945. [PMID: 37476192 PMCID: PMC10355210 DOI: 10.7150/jca.83162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We retrospectively studied cancer mortality and incidence in China from 1990 to 2019, investigated the cancer trends and risk factors, and analyzed the effects of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on cancer mortality and incidence. Methods: Data was obtained in "Our world in data" in October 2022 to explore mortality rates of different cancers and their trends and the roles of cancer risk factors, including GDP, air pollution, etc. Results: Over the past 30 years, cancer had been China's second leading cause of death. Tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancers, with an annual growth rate of 6.5%, were the most frequently diagnosed cancers. The burden of different cancers changed as the mortality rate of cancer changed. The age-standardized cancer mortality rate had decreased by 19.0%; cancer deaths in all age groups had increased. While the number of cancer deaths in the elderly aged ≥70 did not increase distinctively, its percentage increased by 52.1% and 1.7% annually. The percentage of patients with new-onset cancer increased by 240% and 8.6% annually. For every USD 1,000 increase in GDP, cancer deaths decreased by 2.3/100,000. Tobacco, meat, and alcohol consumption and BMI had increased and were not conducive to the future control of cancer. Conclusions: We summarized the incidence and mortality of major cancers and their trends in China over the past 30 years and analyzed the effects of GDP and the roles of cancer risk factors. Overall GDP growth and effective control of air pollution reduced cancer mortality, while population aging, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI increasing, and meat consumption brought challenges for cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruochen Zhang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yiming Jin
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhonglei Lu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Liefu Ye
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Le Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yongbao Wei
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
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Wu X, Denise BB, Zhan F, Zhang J. Determining Association between Lung Cancer Mortality Worldwide and Risk Factors Using Fuzzy Inference Modeling and Random Forest Modeling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114161. [PMID: 36361041 PMCID: PMC9659002 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause for cancer mortality worldwide. While it is well-known that smoking is an avoidable high-risk factor for lung cancer, it is necessary to identify the extent to which other modified risk factors might further affect the cell's genetic predisposition for lung cancer susceptibility, and the spreading of carcinogens in various geographical zones. This study aims to examine the association between lung cancer mortality (LCM) and major risk factors. We used Fuzzy Inference Modeling (FIM) and Random Forest Modeling (RFM) approaches to analyze LCM and its possible links to 30 risk factors in 100 countries over the period from 2006 to 2016. Analysis results suggest that in addition to smoking, low physical activity, child wasting, low birth weight due to short gestation, iron deficiency, diet low in nuts and seeds, vitamin A deficiency, low bone mineral density, air pollution, and a diet high in sodium are potential risk factors associated with LCM. This study demonstrates the usefulness of two approaches for multi-factor analysis of determining risk factors associated with cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wu
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Blanchard-Boehm Denise
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - F.Benjamin Zhan
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Jinting Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Dong C, Fu JT, Wu HR, Chao YC, Chen YC, Sung WW, Chen WJ, Chen CJ. Mortality-to-Incidence Ratio for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Is Associated with Health Expenditure. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091615. [PMID: 36141227 PMCID: PMC9498620 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographic and gender-specific disparity can be observed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). While screening and more effective therapies, such as induction chemotherapy, could improve survival rates, they are costly. This study aims to explore the correlation between healthcare expenditure and the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) in NPC. Data were obtained from the World Health Organization and the Global Cancer Observatory. The correlation was evaluated by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Most new cases and deaths occur in Asia, and more males are affected than females. Our study shows that countries with higher MIRs have lower levels of health expenditure regardless of the NPC’s gender-specific incidence. Correspondingly, MIRs are all significantly negatively associated with current health expenditure (CHE) per capita and CHE as a percentage of gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) in both genders. CHE per capita and CHE/GDP have a significant impact on NPC outcomes. Moreover, economic status is a potential major factor in MIR differences between countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Tong Fu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ru Wu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ching Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jung Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-J.C.); (C.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-4-24739595 (ext. 34803) (W.-J.C.); +886-4-2359-2525 (C.-J.C.)
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-J.C.); (C.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-4-24739595 (ext. 34803) (W.-J.C.); +886-4-2359-2525 (C.-J.C.)
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Ignjatović A, Stojanović M, Milošević Z, Anđelković Apostolović M, Filipović T, Rančić N, Marković R, Topalović M, Stojanović D, Otašević S. Cancer of unknown primary - incidence, mortality trend, and mortality-to-incidence ratio is associated with human development index in Central Serbia, 1999-2018: Evidence from the national cancer registry. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2021; 31:e13526. [PMID: 34672038 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to estimate the trend of incidence, mortality and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) in Central Serbia in 1999-2018 and its possible association with the human development index (HDI). METHODS In this study, cancer of unknown primary (CUP) was included as C77-C80 codes. Trend analysis was performed in the Joinpoint Regression Programme version 4.8.0.1. HDI combines life expectancy, educational attainment and gross national income. HDI values for Serbia are extracted from the global bank site. RESULTS Joinpoint regression analysis of the age-standardised incidence rate of CUP showed a significantly increasing trend with annual percent change (APC) of 8.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0-14.3%) in males and 7.8% (95%CI 2.7-13.2) in females. The age-standardised mortality rate of CUP showed a significantly decreasing trend with APC of -1.7% (95%CI -2.8 to -0.5%) in males and -1.4% (95%CI -2.7 to -0.1%) in females. MIR showed a significantly decreasing trend with APC of -9.3% (95%CI -14.6 - -3.6%) in males and -7.1% (95%CI -10.5% to -4.2%) in females. The linear regression showed significant inverse association among HDI and the MIR of CUP in males (r2 = 0.464, p = 0.002) and in females (r2 = 0.612, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Decline of MIR was associated with HDI, suggesting that CUP prognosis follows socio-economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ignjatović
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,The Institute of Public Health Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Stojanović
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,The Institute of Public Health Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Zoran Milošević
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,The Institute of Public Health Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Marija Anđelković Apostolović
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,The Institute of Public Health Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Tamara Filipović
- School of Medicine, Institute for Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Rančić
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,The Institute of Public Health Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Roberta Marković
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,The Institute of Public Health Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Marija Topalović
- Pulmonary Diseases Clinic, University Clinical Centre Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Dijana Stojanović
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Suzana Otašević
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,The Institute of Public Health Niš, Niš, Serbia
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Sung WW, Au KK, Wu HR, Yu CY, Wang YC. Improved trends of lung cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios in countries with high healthcare expenditure. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:1656-1661. [PMID: 33829674 PMCID: PMC8169294 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer stage has a significant impact on prognosis, and early detection of lung cancer relies on screenings. Despite the strong relationship between screening and lung cancer staging, the role of healthcare expenditure in lung cancer outcomes remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between economic status and clinical outcomes in lung cancer. Methods Data were obtained from GLOBOCAN and the World Health Organization. Mortality‐to‐incidence ratios (MIRs) and their change over time, calculated as the difference between the MIRs of 2012 and 2018 (δMIR), were used to evaluate their correlation to expenditures on healthcare and human development index (HDI) disparities via Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results Regions such as North America have relatively high crude incidence rates but low MIR values. Furthermore, countries with lower crude incidence rates spent less on healthcare. The results show significant negative associations between HDI, current health expenditure (CHE) per capita, CHE as a percentage of gross domestic product (CHE/GDP), and MIR. As for MIR and δMIR, countries with favorable MIRs also showed improving MIRs based on δMIR. Conclusions HDI, CHE per capita, CHE/GDP, and development status play noticeable roles in the prognosis of lung cancer, leading to large disparities in clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Sung
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kwong-Kwok Au
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ru Wu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Yu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chen Wang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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