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Verea-Nuñez C, Novoa-Maciñeiras N, Suarez-Casal A, Vazquez-Lago JM. Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding during Admission to a Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study in Spain. Nutrients 2024; 16:1679. [PMID: 38892611 PMCID: PMC11174580 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is the optimal nourishment for infants and it is recommended that children commence breastfeeding within the first hour of birth and be exclusively breastfed for the initial 6 months of life. Our objective was to determine which factors related to mothers could influence the degree of exclusive breastfeeding during hospitalization, as well as to assess breastfeeding mothers' attitudes towards breastfeeding. METHODS A multicenter cross-sectional study was undertaken in the healthcare area of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. The necessary variables were collected using a specially designed ad hoc questionnaire. The researcher responsible for recruitment conducted the interviews with the participants. The reduced Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS-s) was employed to gauge maternal attitudes toward feeding their baby. RESULTS In total, 64 women were studied. The overall score of IIFAS-s (mean ± standard deviation) was 36.95 ± 5.17. A positive attitude towards breastfeeding was therefore observed in our sample. No use of a pacifier by the newborn was associated with a positive attitude for breastfeeding. Having previous children (Ora = 6.40; IC95% 1.26-32.51) and previous experience with breastfeeding (Ora = 6.70; IC95% 1.31-34.27) increased the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding during admission. CONCLUSIONS In our study, exclusive breastfeeding during hospitalization is associated with having previous children and prior breastfeeding experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Verea-Nuñez
- Resident Nurse in Pediatrics, Pediatric Service, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Rua da Choupana s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Nuria Novoa-Maciñeiras
- Nurse Specialist in Pediatrics, Hospitalary Unit of Neonatology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Rua da Choupana s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.N.-M.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Ana Suarez-Casal
- Nurse Specialist in Pediatrics, Hospitalary Unit of Neonatology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Rua da Choupana s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.N.-M.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Juan Manuel Vazquez-Lago
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Service, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Rua da Choupana s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- UTAMI, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Aderibigbe T, Kelleher SL, Henderson WA, Prescott S, Young EE, Lucas RF. COMT Variants are Associated With Breast and Nipple Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024:104568. [PMID: 38763257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Estimates suggest that only 24.9% of infants born in 2019 were exclusively breastfed before 6 months of age, despite the known health benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. Breast and nipple pain is one of the primary determinants of exclusive breastfeeding. Environmental contributions to breastfeeding success have been reported extensively in the literature, but the contribution(s) of maternal genetics has yet to be discovered. The purpose of the study was to identify an association between pain and lactation-related gene variants with exclusive breastfeeding determinants. We selected 4 genes having single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with potential functional significance in breastfeeding and pain: prolactin receptor (PRLR), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and milk fat globule epidermal growth factor and factor V/VIII domain containing (MFGE8). We performed a cross-sectional secondary analysis of a longitudinal randomized controlled trial study, Promoting Self-Management of Breast and Nipple Pain with Biomarkers and Technology for Breastfeeding Women (NCT05262920). Breast and nipple pain, perceived insufficient milk, and breastfeeding self-efficacy were examined using total scale scores for the Brief Pain Inventory, Visual Analog Scale, H&H Lactation Scale, and the Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale-short form, respectively. Of the candidate genes examined, SNPs within COMT were significantly associated with breastfeeding-related outcomes. Specifically, COMT rs4633 and rs4680 minor allele carriers (T, A) reported higher breast and nipple pain intensity than women homozygous for the major allele (C, G). COMT is the most widely researched "pain gene" and has been linked to cold, postoperative, and postpartum pain. This study is the first to identify a contribution of COMT variants to breast and nipple pain and, as a result, to breastfeeding exclusivity. PERSPECTIVE: Two SNPs in the pain gene COMT are associated with breast and nipple pain. Clinically, a minor allele in COMT rs4633 and rs4680 may increase a woman's rating of moderate breast and nipple pain. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROMPT was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (protocol #NCT05262920).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shannon L Kelleher
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy A Henderson
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | - Erin E Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ruth F Lucas
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut.
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Syahri IM, Laksono AD, Fitria M, Rohmah N, Masruroh M, Ipa M. Exclusive breastfeeding among Indonesian working mothers: does early initiation of breastfeeding matter? BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1225. [PMID: 38702668 PMCID: PMC11069251 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is a starting point that lays the foundation for breastfeeding and bonding between mother and baby. Meanwhile, working mothers are one of the vulnerable groups for the success of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). The study analyzed the role of EIBF on EBF among Indonesian working mothers. METHODS The cross-sectional study examined secondary data from the 2021 Indonesian National Nutritional Status Survey. The study analyzed 4,003 respondents. We examined EBF practice as an outcome variable and EIBF as an exposure variable. We included nine control variables (residence, maternal age, marital, education, prenatal classes, wealth, infant age, sex, and birth weight). All variables were assessed by questionnaire. The study employed a binary logistic regression test in the last stage. RESULTS The result showed that the proportion of EBF among working mothers in Indonesia in 2021 was 51.9%. Based on EIBF, Indonesian working mothers with EIBF were 2.053 times more likely than those without to perform EBF (p < 0.001; AOR 2.053; 95% CI 2.028-2.077). Moreover, the study also found control variables related to EBF in Indonesia: residence, maternal age, marital, education, prenatal classes, wealth, infant age, sex, and birth weight. CONCLUSION The study concluded that EIBF was related to EBF. Indonesian working mothers with EIBF were two times more likely than those without to perform EBF. The government needs to release policies that strengthen the occurrence of EIBF in working mothers to increase EBF coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agung Dwi Laksono
- National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maya Fitria
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nikmatur Rohmah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Muhammadiyah University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Masruroh Masruroh
- Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Pesantren Tinggi Darul Ulum, Jombang, Indonesia
| | - Mara Ipa
- National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Ak B, Akkoyun S, Tas Arslan F. Effect of Nurse Support in the Immediate Postpartum Period on Mothers' Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Levels in Turkey: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:481-488. [PMID: 37847450 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the effect of nurse-based breastfeeding support during the immediate postpartum period on mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy levels. METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 256 mothers in the immediate postpartum period (128 in the intervention group who received nurse-based breastfeeding support and routine care and 128 in the control group who received routine care) during February-June 2018. Data were collected using the Mother-Infant Data Sheet, the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF), and the Nurse-Parent Support Tool (NPST). RESULTS BSES-SF and NPST mean scores of mothers in the intervention group were higher than those of mothers in the control group (p < 0.01). While the association between breastfeeding self-efficacy and nurse support was low in the control group (0.271), it was rather high in the intervention group (0.693) (p < 0.05). It was found that nurse support explained 48% of the variance in breastfeeding self-efficacy in the intervention group, but only 7.3% of the variance in breastfeeding self-efficacy in the control group. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE The results of the study indicate that nurse support for mothers in the immediate postpartum period based on breastfeeding training has a positive impact on breastfeeding self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedriye Ak
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Science, Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Akkoyun
- Vocational School of Health Services, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Metin A, Baltacı N. The effects of video-assisted breastfeeding education given to primiparous pregnant women on breastfeeding self-efficacy: randomized control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:142. [PMID: 38368316 PMCID: PMC10873982 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is vitally important for the health of the mother, baby, family and society. Especially the perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous pregnant women is an important factor in breastfeeding. This study was conducted to determine the effects of online video-supported breastfeeding education on breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous pregnant women. METHODS This randomized controlled study was conducted with primiparous pregnant women admitted to a university hospital in northern Turkey. The study involved 80 pregnant women, with 40 assigned to the experimental group and 40 to the control group. Participants in the intervention group received online video-assisted education, which covered the first meeting of the mother and baby as well as the initial breastfeeding session. The data for the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale were gathered at the onset of the study and three weeks later. In data analysis, categorical variables were assessed using the chi-square test, continuous variables and intergroup comparisons were conducted through the independent sample t-test, and intragroup comparisons were performed using the paired sample t-test. RESULTS While the baseline breastfeeding self-efficacy levels of the primiparous pregnant women were similar between the groups, statistically significant differences were observed both within (p = 0.000) and between (p = 0.000) groups in the breastfeeding self-efficacy scores of pregnant women in the intervention group after the education intervention. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding self-efficacy levels in the education group showed a statistically significant increase compared to both the pre-education and control groups. This highlights the importance of nurses providing support to primiparous pregnant women through video-assisted education during pregnancy to enhance breastfeeding self-efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06121973 date of first registration (27/10/2023), retrospectively registered (08/11/2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Metin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Nazlı Baltacı
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Fikri LH, As'ad S, Hatta M, Syamsuddin S, Prasetya H, Maddeppungeng M, Aminuddin A, Zainuddin AA, Hasanah I. Hypnotherapy influence on maternal psychological, breastfeeding, mRNA-OXTR expression, and OXTR protein. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38241176 DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2023.2293288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Hypnotherapy has emerged as a potential alternative to improve exclusive breastfeeding rates, particularly in countries like Indonesia where they are below optimal levels. This study aims to evaluate the impact of audio hypnotherapy on the psychological, exclusive breastfeeding behavior, the OXTR protein and mRNA expression gene OXTR in mothers of infants aged 0-6 months. This study employed a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial design, conducted from November 2022 to May 2023 in 11 primary health centers. The study population included breastfeeding mothers with infants aged 0-6 months, with a total sample size of 70 respondents who were randomly divided into intervention (received audio hypnotherapy) and control groups (received standard care). The psychological condition was measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Exclusive breastfeeding behavior was assessed based on both quality and quantity. Genetic factors were evaluated through mRNA OXTR expression using real-time PCR and protein OXTR levels using ELISA. Analyzing data using linear and logistic regression models. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in psychological condition (p < .0001). There were big differences in the exclusive breastfeeding behavior (p < .0001), as well as in the amounts of protein OXTR and mRNA expression of the OXTR gene (p < .0001). We recommend the implementation of audio hypnotherapy as an effective complementary therapeutic approach to manage the psychological well-being, exclusive breastfeeding behavior, the mRNA expression of the OXTR gene and levels of OXTR protein in mothers of infants aged 0-6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalu Hamzi Fikri
- Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Provincial Health office, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
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Thorisdottir B, Odinsdottir T, Gunnlaugsson G, Eaton S, Fewtrell MS, Vázquez-Vázquez A, Kleinman RE, Thorsdottir I, Wells JC. Metabolizable Energy Content of Breastmilk Supports Normal Growth in Exclusively Breastfed Icelandic Infants to Age 6 Months. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:468-475. [PMID: 37369354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neither the global population nor individual countries have reached the World Health Organization (WHO) target of ≥50% of infants exclusively breastfed (EBF) until 6 mo. This may partly be because of the perceptions of insufficient milk and energy supply to meet rapid growth and development needs. OBJECTIVES In a longitudinal observational study, we aimed to determine whether breastmilk energy content is sufficient to support growth during EBF until 6 mo. METHODS A sample of 27 EBF infants was dosed with doubly labeled water (DLW) at 5.6 mo to measure body composition, breastmilk intake, energy intake, and the metabolizable energy (ME) content of their mother's breastmilk over the following week. Z-scores were calculated for anthropometry using WHO reference data and for fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) using United Kingdom reference data. RESULTS Anthropometric z-scores from birth indicated normal weight and length growth patterns. At ∼6 mo, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) FFM z-score was 0.22 ± 1.07, and the FM z-score was 0.78 ± 0.70, significantly >0. In the 22 infants with acceptable data, the mean ± SD measured intake of breastmilk was 983 ± 170 g/d and of energy, 318 ± 60 kJ/kg/d, equivalent to 75.9 ± 14.3 kcal/kg/d. The mean ME content of breastmilk was 2.61 kJ/g [standard error (SE) 0.1], equivalent to 0.62 kcal/g (SE 0.02). Mothers were positive toward breastfeeding, on paid maternity leave (planned mean 10 mo), and many (56%) had received specialized breastfeeding support. CONCLUSIONS The evidence from this study confirms that when mothers are motivated and supported without economic restraints, breastmilk intake and the energy supplied by breastmilk to EBF infants at 6 mo of age is sufficient to support normal growth patterns. There was no evidence of constraint on FFM, and other studies show that high FM in EBF infants is likely to be transient. These data further support the recommendation for EBF ≤6 mo of age for body composition. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02586571.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birna Thorisdottir
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Unit of Nutrition Research, Health Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Tinna Odinsdottir
- Unit of Nutrition Research, Health Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Geir Gunnlaugsson
- Faculty of Sociology, Anthropology and Folkloristics, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Simon Eaton
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary S Fewtrell
- Department of Population, Policy and Practice Research, and Teaching, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana Vázquez-Vázquez
- Department of Population, Policy and Practice Research, and Teaching, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald E Kleinman
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Unit of Nutrition Research, Health Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jonathan Ck Wells
- Department of Population, Policy and Practice Research, and Teaching, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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Jones HE, Seaborne MJ, Mhereeg MR, James M, Kennedy NL, Bandyopadhyay A, Brophy S. Breastfeeding initiation and duration through the COVID-19 pandemic, a linked population-level routine data study: the Born in Wales Cohort 2018-2021. BMJ Paediatr Open 2023; 7:e001907. [PMID: 37433713 PMCID: PMC10347487 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-001907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. This study aimed to examine the impact the pandemic had on breastfeeding uptake and duration, and whether intention to breastfeed is associated with longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding. METHODS A cohort study using routinely collected, linked healthcare data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage databank. All women who gave birth in Wales between 2018 and 2021 recorded in the Maternal Indicators dataset were asked about intention to breastfeed. These data were linked with the National Community Child Health Births and Breastfeeding dataset to examine breastfeeding rates. RESULTS Intention to breastfeed was associated with being 27.6 times more likely to continue to exclusively breastfeed for 6 months compared with those who did not intend to breastfeed (OR 27.6, 95% CI 24.9 to 30.7). Breastfeeding rates at 6 months were 16.6% prepandemic and 20.5% in 2020. When compared with a survey population, the initial intention to breastfeed/not breastfeed only changes for about 10% of women. CONCLUSION Women were more likely to exclusively breastfeed for 6 months during the pandemic compared with before or after the pandemic. Arguably, interventions which enable families to spend more time with their baby such as maternal and paternal leave may help improve breastfeeding duration. The biggest predictor of breastfeeding at 6 months was intention to breastfeed. Therefore, targeted interventions during pregnancy to encourage motivation to breastfeed could improve duration of breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Eleri Jones
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Mike J Seaborne
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Mohamed R Mhereeg
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Michaela James
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Natasha L Kennedy
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Amrita Bandyopadhyay
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Sinead Brophy
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
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Zahra L, Kremer P, Bolton KA. A cross-sectional study of infant feeding practices in Vietnamese-born mothers living in Australia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:895. [PMID: 36463117 PMCID: PMC9719657 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant feeding practices are a key modifiable risk factor for childhood overweight and obesity; and important for lifelong health and wellbeing. Despite the growing Australian immigrant population, it is unclear how infant feeding practices may differ between ethnicities living in Australia. Few studies have examined the infant feeding practices of Vietnamese mothers who migrate and give birth to infants in Australia - termed Vietnamese-born mothers. The aim of this study was to examine differences in infant feeding practices (breastfeeding, formula feeding and complementary feeding (other fluids and solids)) in Vietnamese-born mothers compared with Australian-born mothers living in Australia. METHOD This study analysed the Australian National Infant Feeding Survey dataset (2010-11), a large national cross-sectional survey measuring feeding practices of infants aged 0-24 months old. Infant feeding practices of Vietnamese-born mothers (n = 261) and a random sub-sample of Australian-born mothers (n = 261) were compared. Associations between ethnicity and infant feeding practices were examined through logistic and linear regression adjusting for maternal age, socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI) at start of pregnancy, infant age at survey completion and parity. Compliance with the Australian national infant feeding guidelines was also assessed. RESULTS Compliance with infant feeding guidelines was low, with differences in infant feeding practices between groups. At the time of survey completion, when infants were on average 7.2 months old, compared with infants of Australian-born mothers, infants to Vietnamese-born mothers were significantly younger when first exposed to fruit juice (b = -2.41, 95%CI: -4.54- -0.28); less likely to be exposed to solids (AOR: 0.15, 95%CI: 0.05-0.44) and more likely to be exposed to formula milks (AOR: 2.21, 95%CI: 1.10-4.43); toddler milks (AOR: 16.72, 95%CI: 3.11-90.09) and fruit juice (AOR: 2.37, 95%CI: 1.06-5.32) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Low adherence with breastfeeding (low breastfeeding and high infant formula use) and other fluids (toddler milks and fruit juice) recommendations outlined by the Australian infant feeding guidelines were observed in this group of Vietnamese-born mothers. To optimise feeding and growth in Vietnamese-Australian children, culturally appropriate infant feeding support targeting breastfeeding durations, reducing reliance on infant formula, and reducing inappropriate introduction to other fluids should be the focus of infant feeding promotion within these mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Zahra
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC Australia
| | - Peter Kremer
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - Kristy A. Bolton
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
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