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Mehraj I, Hamid A, Gani U, Iralu N, Manzoor T, Saleem Bhat S. Combating Antimicrobial Resistance by Employing Antimicrobial Peptides: Immunomodulators and Therapeutic Agents against Infectious Diseases. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2023-2035. [PMID: 38533844 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of multiple-drug-resistant pathogens poses a formidable challenge to conventional antimicrobial treatments. The inability of potent antibiotics to combat these "superbugs" underscores the pressing need for alternative therapeutic agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an alternative class of antibiotics. AMPs are essential immunomodulatory molecules that are found in various organisms. They play a pivotal role in managing microbial ecosystems and bolstering innate immunity by targeting and eliminating invading microorganisms. AMPs also have applications in the agriculture sector by combating animal as well as plant pathogens. AMPs can be exploited for the targeted therapy of various diseases and can also be used in drug-delivery systems. They can be used in synergy with current treatments like antibiotics and can potentially lead to a lower required dosage. AMPs also have huge potential in wound healing and regenerative medicine. Developing AMP-based strategies with improved safety, specificity, and efficacy is crucial in the battle against alarming global microbial resistance. This review will explore AMPs' increasing applicability, their mode of antimicrobial activity, and various delivery systems enhancing their stability and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insha Mehraj
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 05466, India
| | - Aflaq Hamid
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 05466, India
| | - Ubaid Gani
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 05466, India
| | - Nulevino Iralu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 05466, India
| | - Tasaduq Manzoor
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 05466, India
| | - Sahar Saleem Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 05466, India
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Bouhrour N, van der Reijden TJK, Voet MM, Schonkeren-Ravensbergen B, Cordfunke RA, Drijfhout JW, Bendali F, Nibbering PH. Novel Antibacterial Agents SAAP-148 and Halicin Combat Gram-Negative Bacteria Colonizing Catheters. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1743. [PMID: 38136778 PMCID: PMC10741160 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic management of catheter-related infections (CRIs) often fails owing to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains and/or biofilm/persister apparitions. Thus, we investigated the efficacy of two novel antimicrobial agents, i.e., the synthetic peptide SAAP-148 and the novel antibiotic halicin, against Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) colonizing catheters. The antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anti-persister activities of both agents were evaluated against Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. The enrolled strains were isolated from catheters and selected based on their resistance to at least three antibiotic classes and biofilm formation potential. Furthermore, the hemolysis and endotoxin neutralization abilities of these agents were explored. The bactericidal activity of both agents was reduced in urine and plasma as compared to buffered saline. In a dose-dependent manner, SAAP-148 and halicin reduced bacterial counts in 24 h preformed biofilms on silicone elastomer discs and eliminated persisters originating from antibiotic-exposed mature 7-day biofilms, with halicin being less effective than SAAP-148. Importantly, SAAP-148 and halicin acted synergistically on E. coli and K. pneumoniae biofilms but not on A. baumannii biofilms. The peptide, but not halicin, decreased the production of IL-12p40 upon exposure to UV-killed bacteria. This preliminary study showed that SAAP-148 and halicin alone/in combination are promising candidates to fight GNB colonizing catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Bouhrour
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.J.K.v.d.R.); (M.M.V.); (B.S.-R.); (P.H.N.)
| | - Tanny J. K. van der Reijden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.J.K.v.d.R.); (M.M.V.); (B.S.-R.); (P.H.N.)
| | - Michella M. Voet
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.J.K.v.d.R.); (M.M.V.); (B.S.-R.); (P.H.N.)
| | - Bep Schonkeren-Ravensbergen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.J.K.v.d.R.); (M.M.V.); (B.S.-R.); (P.H.N.)
| | - Robert A. Cordfunke
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.A.C.); (J.W.D.)
| | - Jan Wouter Drijfhout
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.A.C.); (J.W.D.)
| | - Farida Bendali
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Peter H. Nibbering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.J.K.v.d.R.); (M.M.V.); (B.S.-R.); (P.H.N.)
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Debroy R, Ramaiah S. Consolidated knowledge-guided computational pipeline for therapeutic intervention against bacterial biofilms - a review. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:928-947. [PMID: 38108207 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2294763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated bacterial infections attributed to multifactorial antimicrobial resistance have caused worldwide challenges in formulating successful treatment strategies. In search of accelerated yet cost-effective therapeutics, several researchers have opted for bioinformatics-based protocols to systemize targeted therapies against biofilm-producing strains. The present review investigated the up-to-date computational databases and servers dedicated to anti-biofilm research to design/screen novel biofilm inhibitors (antimicrobial peptides/phytocompounds/synthetic compounds) and predict their biofilm-inhibition efficacy. Scrutinizing the contemporary in silico methods, a consolidated approach has been highlighted, referred to as a knowledge-guided computational pipeline for biofilm-targeted therapy. The proposed pipeline has amalgamated prominently employed methodologies in genomics, transcriptomics, interactomics and proteomics to identify potential target proteins and their complementary anti-biofilm compounds for effective functional inhibition of biofilm-linked pathways. This review can pave the way for new portals to formulate successful therapeutic interventions against biofilm-producing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetika Debroy
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudha Ramaiah
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chen X, Su S, Yan Y, Yin L, Liu L. Anti- Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity of natural antimicrobial peptides when used alone or in combination with antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1239540. [PMID: 37731929 PMCID: PMC10508351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1239540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has recently published a list of 12 drug-resistant bacteria that posed a significant threat to human health, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was among them. In China, P. aeruginosa is a common pathogen in hospital acquired pneumonia, accounting for 16.9-22.0%. It is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen that can infect individuals with weakened immune systems, leading to hospital-acquired acute and systemic infections. The excessive use of antibiotics has led to the development of various mechanisms in P. aeruginosa to resist conventional drugs. Thus, there is an emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, posing a major challenge to conventional antibiotics and therapeutic approaches. Antimicrobial peptides are an integral component of host defense and have been found in many living organisms. Most antimicrobial peptides are characterized by negligible host toxicity and low resistance rates, making them become promising for use as antimicrobial products. This review particularly focuses on summarizing the inhibitory activity of natural antimicrobial peptides against P. aeruginosa planktonic cells and biofilms, as well as the drug interactions when these peptides used in combination with conventional antibiotics. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of these antimicrobial peptides against P. aeruginosa strains was mainly related to destroy the membrane structure through interacting with LPS or increasing ROS levels, or targeting cellular components, leaded to cell lysis. Hopefully, this analysis will provide valuable experimental data on developing novel compounds to combat P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Shahbazi S, Shivaee A, Nasiri M, Mirshekar M, Sabzi S, Sariani OK. Zinc oxide nanoparticles impact the expression of the genes involved in toxin-antitoxin systems in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:1007-1015. [PMID: 36086811 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the expression of genes involved in toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii. Seventy clinical isolates of A. baumannii were collected from variuos clinical samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined by disk diffusion. Type II TA system-related genes including GNAT, XRE-like, hipA, hipB, hicA, hicB were screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ZnO-NPs prepared and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. MIC of ZnO-NPs of A. baumannii isolates was performed using the microdilution method. The expression of type II TA systems-related genes were assessed with and without exposure to ZnO-NPs using real-time PCR. The highest rate of resistance and sensitivity was observed against cefepime (77.14%), and ampicillin/sulbactam (42.85%), respectively. All A. baumannii isolates were considered as MDR. In this study, three TA loci were identified for A. baumannii including GNAT/XRE-like, HicA/HicB, and HipA/HipB and their prevalence was 100%, 42%, and 27.1%, respectively. There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of these systems and the origin of A. baumannii. Our data showed significant correlations between the presence of HicA/HicB system and resistance to ceftazidime, meropenem, imipenem, and cefepime (p < 0.05), and the presence of HipA/HipB system and resistance to ceftazidime, meropenem, imipenem, and cefepime (p < 0.05). In presence of ZnO-NPs, the expression of all studied genes decreased. GNAT and hicB showed the highest and lowest expression changes by 2.4 folds (p < 0.001) and 1.3 folds (p < 0.05), respectively. This study demonstrates the promising potential of nanoparticles to impact the expression of the genes involved in TA Systems. So, the application of ZnO-NPs may be helpful to design target-based strategies towards MDRs pathogens for empowered clinical applications by microbiologists and nanotechnologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Shahbazi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shivaee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nasiri
- Department of Genetics, College of Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirshekar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Sabzi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid K Sariani
- Department of Genetics, College of Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
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Anju VT, Busi S, Imchen M, Kumavath R, Mohan MS, Salim SA, Subhaswaraj P, Dyavaiah M. Polymicrobial Infections and Biofilms: Clinical Significance and Eradication Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121731. [PMID: 36551388 PMCID: PMC9774821 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are population of cells growing in a coordinated manner and exhibiting resistance towards hostile environments. The infections associated with biofilms are difficult to control owing to the chronicity of infections and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Most microbial infections are contributed by polymicrobial or mixed species interactions, such as those observed in chronic wound infections, otitis media, dental caries, and cystic fibrosis. This review focuses on the polymicrobial interactions among bacterial-bacterial, bacterial-fungal, and fungal-fungal aggregations based on in vitro and in vivo models and different therapeutic interventions available for polymicrobial biofilms. Deciphering the mechanisms of polymicrobial interactions and microbial diversity in chronic infections is very helpful in anti-microbial research. Together, we have discussed the role of metagenomic approaches in studying polymicrobial biofilms. The outstanding progress made in polymicrobial research, especially the model systems and application of metagenomics for detecting, preventing, and controlling infections, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Anju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Siddhardha Busi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Madangchanok Imchen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kerala 671316, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Mahima S. Mohan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Simi Asma Salim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Pattnaik Subhaswaraj
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Burla, Sambalpur 768019, India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
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Talapko J, Meštrović T, Juzbašić M, Tomas M, Erić S, Horvat Aleksijević L, Bekić S, Schwarz D, Matić S, Neuberg M, Škrlec I. Antimicrobial Peptides-Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Effects and Clinical Applications. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101417. [PMID: 36290075 PMCID: PMC9598582 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing emergence of antimicrobial resistance represents a global problem that not only influences healthcare systems but also has grave implications for political and economic processes. As the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents is lagging, one of the solutions is innovative therapeutic options that would expand our armamentarium against this hazard. Compounds of interest in many such studies are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which actually represent the host's first line of defense against pathogens and are involved in innate immunity. They have a broad range of antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and viruses, with specific mechanisms of action utilized by different AMPs. Coupled with a lower propensity for resistance development, it is becoming clear that AMPs can be seen as emerging and very promising candidates for more pervasive usage in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, their use in quotidian clinical practice is not without challenges. In this review, we aimed to summarize state-of-the-art evidence on the structure and mechanisms of action of AMPs, as well as to provide detailed information on their antimicrobial activity. We also aimed to present contemporary evidence of clinical trials and application of AMPs and highlight their use beyond infectious diseases and potential challenges that may arise with their increasing availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (I.Š.)
| | - Tomislav Meštrović
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Martina Juzbašić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Matej Tomas
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Suzana Erić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lorena Horvat Aleksijević
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Bekić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Family Medicine Practice, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dragan Schwarz
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Suzana Matić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marijana Neuberg
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (I.Š.)
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Dias SA, Pinto SN, Silva-Herdade AS, Cheneval O, Craik DJ, Coutinho A, Castanho MARB, Henriques ST, Veiga AS. A designed cyclic analogue of gomesin has potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:3256-3264. [PMID: 36171717 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections caused by bacterial biofilms are very difficult to treat. The use of currently approved antibiotics even at high dosages often fails, making the treatment of these infections very challenging. Novel antimicrobial agents that use distinct mechanisms of action are urgently needed. OBJECTIVES To explore the use of [G1K,K8R]cGm, a designed cyclic analogue of the antimicrobial peptide gomesin, as an alternative approach to treat biofilm infections. METHODS We studied the activity of [G1K,K8R]cGm against biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogen associated with several biofilm-related infections. A combination of atomic force and real-time confocal laser scanning microscopies was used to study the mechanism of action of the peptide. RESULTS The peptide demonstrated potent activity against 24 h-preformed biofilms through a concentration-dependent ability to kill biofilm-embedded cells. Mechanistic studies showed that [G1K,K8R]cGm causes morphological changes on bacterial cells and permeabilizes their membranes across the biofilm with a half-time of 65 min. We also tested an analogue of [G1K,K8R]cGm without disulphide bonds, and a linear unfolded analogue, and found both to be inactive. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the 3D structure of [G1K,K8R]cGm and its stabilization by disulphide bonds are essential for its antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. Moreover, our findings support the potential application of this stable cyclic antimicrobial peptide to fight bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A Dias
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra N Pinto
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana S Silva-Herdade
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Olivier Cheneval
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 Australia
| | - Ana Coutinho
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sónia T Henriques
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Brisbane, QLD, 4102 Australia
| | - Ana Salomé Veiga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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9
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Maleki Dizaj S, Salatin S, Khezri K, Lee JY, Lotfipour F. Targeting Multidrug Resistance With Antimicrobial Peptide-Decorated Nanoparticles and Polymers. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:831655. [PMID: 35432230 PMCID: PMC9009044 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.831655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As a category of small peptides frequently found in nature, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute a major part of the innate immune system of various organisms. Antimicrobial peptides feature various inhibitory effects against fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Due to the increasing concerns of antibiotic resistance among microorganisms, development of antimicrobial peptides is an emerging tool as a favorable applicability prospect in food, medicine, aquaculture, animal husbandry, and agriculture. This review presents the latest research progress made in the field of antimicrobial peptides, such as their mechanism of action, classification, application status, design techniques, and a review on decoration of nanoparticles and polymers with AMPs that are used in treating multidrug resistance. Lastly, we will highlight recent progress in antiviral peptides to treat emerging viral diseases (e.g., anti-coronavirus peptides) and discuss the outlook of AMP applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Salatin
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khezri
- Deputy of Food and Drug Administration, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jyh-Yeuan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Farzaneh Lotfipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Topalova Y, Belouhova M, Velkova L, Dolashki A, Zheleva N, Daskalova E, Kaynarov D, Voelter W, Dolashka P. Effect and Mechanisms of Antibacterial Peptide Fraction from Mucus of C. aspersum against Escherichia coli NBIMCC 8785. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030672. [PMID: 35327474 PMCID: PMC8945727 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides isolated from the mucus of Cornu aspersum could be prototypes for antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria. Information regarding the mechanisms, effective concentration, and methods of application is an important tool for therapeutic, financial, and ecological regulation and a holistic approach to medical treatment. A peptide fraction with MW < 10 kDa was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-TOF using Autoflex™ III. The strain Escherichia coli NBIMCC 8785 (18 h and 48 h culture) was used. The changes in bacterial structure and metabolic activity were investigated by SEM, fluorescent, and digital image analysis. This peptide fraction had high inhibitory effects in surface and deep inoculations of E. coli of 1990.00 and 136.13 mm2/mgPr/µMol, respectively, in the samples. Thus, it would be effective in the treatment of infections involving bacterial biofilms and homogenous cells. Various deformations of the bacteria and inhibition of its metabolism were discovered and illustrated. The data on the mechanisms of impact of the peptides permitted the formulation of an algorithm for the treatment of infections depending on the phase of their development. The decrease in the therapeutic concentrations will be more sparing to the environment and will lead to a decrease in the cost of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Topalova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.B.); (E.D.)
- Correspondence: or (Y.T.); or (P.D.); Tel.: +359-887193423 (P.D.)
| | - Mihaela Belouhova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.B.); (E.D.)
| | - Lyudmila Velkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.V.); (A.D.); (D.K.)
| | - Aleksandar Dolashki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.V.); (A.D.); (D.K.)
| | - Nellie Zheleva
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, 5 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Elmira Daskalova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.B.); (E.D.)
| | - Dimitar Kaynarov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.V.); (A.D.); (D.K.)
| | - Wolfgang Voelter
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 4, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Pavlina Dolashka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.V.); (A.D.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: or (Y.T.); or (P.D.); Tel.: +359-887193423 (P.D.)
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11
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Zhou H, Wang H, Ding Y, Tang J. Multivariate Information Fusion for Identifying Antifungal Peptides with
Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion. Curr Bioinform 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893616666210727161003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Antifungal Peptides (AFP) have been found to be effective against many fungal
infections.
Objective:
However, it is difficult to identify AFP. Therefore, it is great practical significance to identify
AFP via machine learning methods (with sequence information).
Method:
In this study, a Multi-Kernel Support Vector Machine (MKSVM) with Hilbert-Schmidt Independence
Criterion (HSIC) is proposed. Proteins are encoded with five types of features (188-bit,
AAC, ASDC, CKSAAP, DPC), and then construct kernels using Gaussian kernel function. HSIC are
used to combine kernels and multi-kernel SVM model is built.
Results:
Our model performed well on three AFPs datasets and the performance is better than or comparable
to other state-of-art predictive models.
Conclusion:
Our method will be a useful tool for identifying antifungal peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Zhou
- School of Computer Science and Technology, College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin,
300354, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin,
300354, China
| | - Yijie Ding
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou,
215009, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of
China, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Jijun Tang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055,
China
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12
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Erdem Büyükkiraz M, Kesmen Z. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs): A promising class of antimicrobial compounds. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1573-1596. [PMID: 34606679 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are compounds, which have inhibitory activity against microorganisms. In the last decades, AMPs have become powerful alternative agents that have met the need for novel anti-infectives to overcome increasing antibiotic resistance problems. Moreover, recent epidemics and pandemics are increasing the popularity of AMPs, due to the urgent necessity for effective antimicrobial agents in combating the new emergence of microbial diseases. AMPs inhibit a wide range of microorganisms through diverse and special mechanisms by targeting mainly cell membranes or specific intracellular components. In addition to extraction from natural sources, AMPs are produced in various hosts using recombinant methods. More recently, the synthetic analogues of AMPs, designed with some modifications, are predicted to overcome the limitations of stability, toxicity and activity associated with natural AMPs. AMPs have potential applications as antimicrobial agents in food, agriculture, environment, animal husbandry and pharmaceutical industries. In this review, we have provided an overview of the structure, classification and mechanism of action of AMPs, as well as discussed opportunities for their current and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Erdem Büyükkiraz
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cappadocia University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Zülal Kesmen
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Food Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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13
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Targeting antibiotic tolerance in anaerobic biofilms associated with oral diseases: Human antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and lactoferricin enhance the antibiotic efficacy of amoxicillin, clindamycin and metronidazole. Anaerobe 2021; 71:102439. [PMID: 34454095 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are receiving increasing attention as potential therapeutic agents for treating biofilm-related infections of the oral cavity. Many bacteria residing in biofilms exhibit an enhanced antibiotic tolerance, which grants intrinsically susceptible microorganisms to survive lethal concentrations of antibiotics. In this study, we examined the effects of two endogenous human antimicrobial peptides, LL-37 and human Lactoferricin, on the antibiotic drug efficacy of amoxicillin, clindamycin and metronidazole in two types of polymicrobial biofilms, which aimed to represent frequent oral diseases: (1) facultative anaerobic (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Actinomyces naeslundii) and (2) obligate anaerobic biofilms (Veillonella parvula, Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum). LL-37 and Lactoferricin enhanced the anti-biofilm effect of amoxicillin and clindamycin in facultative anaerobic biofilms. Metronidazole alone was ineffective against facultative anaerobic biofilms, but the presence of LL-37 and Lactoferricin led to a greater biofilm reduction. Obligate anaerobic biofilms showed an increased drug tolerance to amoxicillin and clindamycin, presumably due to metabolic downshifts of the bacteria residing within the biofilm. However, when combined with LL-37 or Lactoferricin, the reduction of obligate anaerobic biofilms was markedly enhanced for all antibiotics, even for amoxicillin and clindamycin. Furthermore, our results suggest that antimicrobial peptides enhance the dispersion of matured biofilms, which may be one of their mechanisms for targeting biofilms. In summary, our study proves that antimicrobial peptides can serve as an auxiliary treatment strategy for combatting enhanced antibiotic tolerance in bacterial biofilms.
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14
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Santana FL, Arenas I, Haney EF, Estrada K, Hancock REW, Corzo G. Identification of a crocodylian β-defensin variant from Alligator mississippiensis with antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. Peptides 2021; 141:170549. [PMID: 33865931 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
β-defensin host defense peptides are important components of the innate immune system of vertebrates. Although evidence of their broad antimicrobial, antibiofilm and immunomodulatory activities in mammals have been presented, β-defensins from other vertebrate species, like crocodylians, remain largely unexplored. In this study, five new crocodylian β-defensin variants from Alligator mississippiensis and Crocodylus porosus were selected for synthesis and characterization based on their charge and hydrophobicity values. Linear peptides were synthesized, folded, purified and then evaluated for their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against the bacterial pathogens, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter baumannii. The Am23SK variant (SCRFSGGYCIWNWERCRSGHFLVALCPFRKRCCK) from A. mississippiensis displayed promising activity against both planktonic cells and bacterial biofilms, outperforming the human β-defensin 3 under the experimental conditions. Moreover, Am23SK exhibited no cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells and exerted immunomodulatory effects in vitro, moderately suppressing the production of proinflammatory mediators from stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells. Overall, our results have expanded the activity landscape of crocodylian and reptilian β-defensin in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix L Santana
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor., 62250, Mexico; Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Iván Arenas
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor., 62250, Mexico
| | - Evan F Haney
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Karel Estrada
- Unidad de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Gerardo Corzo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor., 62250, Mexico.
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15
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Radhakrishnan MP, Suryaletha K, Shankar A, Savithri AV, George S, Thomas S. Insights into Peptide Mediated Antibiofilm Treatment in Chronic Wound: A Bench to Bedside Approach. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 22:50-59. [PMID: 33143623 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666201103084727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wound biofilm infections are a threat to the population with respect to morbidity and mortality. The presence of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens in chronic wound renders the action of antibiotics and antibiofilm agents difficult. Therefore an alternative therapy is essential for reducing bacterial biofilm burden. In this scenario, the peptide-based antibiofilm therapy for chronic wound biofilm management seeks more attention. A synthetic peptide with a broad range of antibiofilm activity against preformed and established biofilms, having the ability to kill multispecies bacteria within biofilms and possessing combinatorial activity with other antimicrobial agents, provides significant insights. In this review, we portray the possibilities and difficulties of peptide-mediated treatment in chronic wounds biofilm management and how it can be clinically translated into a product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha P Radhakrishnan
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Trivandrum - 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Karthika Suryaletha
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Trivandrum - 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Aparna Shankar
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Trivandrum - 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Akhila Velappan Savithri
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Trivandrum - 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Sanil George
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum - 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Trivandrum - 695 014, Kerala, India
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16
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Investigation of potential antibiofilm properties of Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP) from Linckia laevigata against Candida albicans: An in vitro and in vivo study. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Wuersching SN, Huth KC, Hickel R, Kollmuss M. Inhibitory effect of LL-37 and human lactoferricin on growth and biofilm formation of anaerobes associated with oral diseases. Anaerobe 2020; 67:102301. [PMID: 33249255 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the antimicrobial peptides (AMP) LL-37 and human Lactoferricin (LfcinH) on the planktonic growth and biofilm formation of oral pathogenic anaerobes related to caries and periodontitis. Multi-species bacterial suspensions of either facultative anaerobic bacteria (FAB: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Actinomyces naeslundii) or obligate anaerobic bacteria (OAB: Veillonella parvula, Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum) were incubated with different concentrations of AMP solutions for 8 h. Planktonic growth was registered with an ATP-based cell viability assay for FAB and via plate counting for OAB. Biofilms were grown on ZrO2 discs for 4 days in a mixture of the multi-species bacterial suspensions and AMP solutions. Biofilm mass was quantified using a microtiter plate biofilm assay with crystal violet staining. An overall planktonic growth inhibition and biofilm mass reduction of FAB and OAB was registered for LL-37 and LfcinH. Significant inhibitory threshold concentrations of LL-37 were observed in all experiments (p < 0.0001). No significant threshold was observed for LfcinH. Biofilm mass of OAB was barely reduced by LfcinH. The complete mechanisms of the AMPs are not fully understood yet. While LL-37 shows promising features as potential therapeutic for biofilm-associated oral diseases, LfcinH seems unsuitable for this particular indication. For clinical AMP use, further investigations will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Noreen Wuersching
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Christine Huth
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kollmuss
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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18
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Kazemzadeh-Narbat M, Cheng H, Chabok R, Alvarez MM, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Phillips KS, Khademhosseini A. Strategies for antimicrobial peptide coatings on medical devices: a review and regulatory science perspective. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 41:94-120. [PMID: 33070659 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1828810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Indwelling and implanted medical devices are subject to contamination by microbial pathogens during surgery, insertion or injection, and ongoing use, often resulting in severe nosocomial infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics to reduce the incidence of such infections, as they exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, microbial biofilms, fungi, and viruses. In this review-perspective, we first provide an overview of the progress made in this field over the past decade with an emphasis on the local release of AMPs from implant surfaces and immobilization strategies for incorporating these agents into a wide range of medical device materials. We then provide a regulatory science perspective addressing the characterization and testing of AMP coatings based on the type of immobilization strategy used with a focus on the US market regulatory niche. Our goal is to help narrow the gulf between academic studies and preclinical testing, as well as to support a future literature base in order to develop the regulatory science of antimicrobial coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kazemzadeh-Narbat
- Office of Device Evaluation, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hao Cheng
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rosa Chabok
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Mario Moisés Alvarez
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Microsystems Technologies Laboratories, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Institute for Computational Science, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Scott Phillips
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Paduszynska MA, Greber KE, Paduszynski W, Sawicki W, Kamysz W. Activity of Temporin A and Short Lipopeptides Combined with Gentamicin against Biofilm Formed by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E566. [PMID: 32887236 PMCID: PMC7560174 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of biofilms on biomaterials causes biofilm-associated infections. Available treatments often fail to fight the microorganisms in the biofilm, creating serious risks for patient well-being and life. Due to their significant antibiofilm activities, antimicrobial peptides are being intensively investigated in this regard. A promising approach is a combination therapy that aims to increase the efficacy and broaden the spectrum of antibiotics. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of temporin A and the short lipopeptides (C10)2-KKKK-NH2 and (C12)2-KKKK-NH2 in combination with gentamicin against biofilm formed by Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Peptides were synthesized with solid-phase temperature-assisted synthesis methodology. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs), minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs), and the influence of combinations of compounds with gentamicin on bacterial biofilm were determined for reference strains of SA (ATCC 25923) and PA (ATCC 9027). The peptides exhibited significant potential to enhance the antibacterial activity of gentamicin against SA biofilm, but there was no synergy in activity against planktonic cells. The antibiotic applied alone demonstrated strong activity against planktonic cells and poor effectiveness against SA biofilm. Biofilm formed by PA was much more sensitive to gentamicin, but some positive influences of supplementation with peptides were noticed. The results of the performed experiments suggest that the potential application of peptides as adjuvant agents in the treatment of biofilm-associated infections should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Anna Paduszynska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Ewa Greber
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.E.G.); (W.S.)
| | | | - Wieslaw Sawicki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.E.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
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20
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Pinto SN, Dias SA, Cruz AF, Mil-Homens D, Fernandes F, Valle J, Andreu D, Prieto M, Castanho MARB, Coutinho A, Veiga AS. The mechanism of action of pepR, a viral-derived peptide, against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:2617-2625. [PMID: 31127270 PMCID: PMC6736180 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the mechanism of action at the molecular level of pepR, a multifunctional peptide derived from the Dengue virus capsid protein, against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. METHODS Biofilm mass, metabolic activity and viability were quantified using conventional microbiology techniques, while fluorescence imaging methods, including a real-time calcein release assay, were employed to investigate the kinetics of pepR activity at different biofilm depths. RESULTS Using flow cytometry-based assays, we showed that pepR is able to prevent staphylococcal biofilm formation due to a fast killing of planktonic bacteria, which in turn resulted from a peptide-induced increase in the permeability of the bacterial membranes. The activity of pepR against pre-formed biofilms was evaluated through the application of a quantitative live/dead confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) assay. The results show that the bactericidal activity of pepR on pre-formed biofilms is dose and depth dependent. A CLSM-based assay of calcein release from biofilm-embedded bacteria was further developed to indirectly assess the diffusion and membrane permeabilization properties of pepR throughout the biofilm. A slower diffusion and delayed activity of the peptide at deeper layers of the biofilm were quantified. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results show that the activity of pepR on pre-formed biofilms is controlled by its diffusion along the biofilm layers, an effect that can be counteracted by an additional administration of peptide. Our study sheds new light on the antibiofilm mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides, particularly the importance of their diffusion properties through the biofilm matrix on their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra N Pinto
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular e IN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais Lisboa, Portugal.,iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana A Dias
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana F Cruz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dalila Mil-Homens
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fabio Fernandes
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular e IN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais Lisboa, Portugal.,iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Javier Valle
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Prieto
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular e IN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais Lisboa, Portugal.,iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Coutinho
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular e IN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais Lisboa, Portugal.,iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Salomé Veiga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal
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21
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Balaure PC, Grumezescu AM. Recent Advances in Surface Nanoengineering for Biofilm Prevention and Control. Part II: Active, Combined Active and Passive, and Smart Bacteria-Responsive Antibiofilm Nanocoatings. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081527. [PMID: 32759748 PMCID: PMC7466637 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The second part of our review describing new achievements in the field of biofilm prevention and control, begins with a discussion of the active antibiofilm nanocoatings. We present the antibiofilm strategies based on antimicrobial agents that kill pathogens, inhibit their growth, or disrupt the molecular mechanisms of biofilm-associated increase in resistance and tolerance. These agents of various chemical structures act through a plethora of mechanisms targeting vital bacterial metabolic pathways or cellular structures like cell walls and cell membranes or interfering with the processes that underlie different stages of the biofilm life cycle. We illustrate the latter action mechanisms through inhibitors of the quorum sensing signaling pathway, inhibitors of cyclic-di-GMP signaling system, inhibitors of (p)ppGpp regulated stringent response, and disruptors of the biofilm extracellular polymeric substances matrix (EPS). Both main types of active antibiofilm surfaces, namely non-leaching or contact killing systems, which rely on the covalent immobilization of the antimicrobial agent on the surface of the coatings and drug-releasing systems in which the antimicrobial agent is physically entrapped in the bulk of the coatings, are presented, highlighting the advantages of each coating type in terms of antibacterial efficacy, biocompatibility, selective toxicity, as well as drawbacks and limitations. Developments regarding combined strategies that join in a unique platform, both passive and active elements are not omitted. In such platforms with dual functionality, passive and active strategies can be applied either simultaneously or sequentially. We especially emphasize those systems that can be reversely and repeatedly switched between the non-fouling status and the bacterial killing status, thereby allowing several bacteria-killing/surface regeneration cycles to be performed without significant loss of the initial bactericidal activity. Eventually, smart antibiofilm coatings that release their antimicrobial payload on demand, being activated by various triggers such as changes in local pH, temperature, or enzymatic triggers, are presented. Special emphasis is given to the most recent trend in the field of anti-infective surfaces, specifically smart self-defensive surfaces for which activation and switch to the bactericidal status are triggered by the pathogens themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cătălin Balaure
- “Costin Nenitzescu” Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, G. Polizu Street 1–7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, G. Polizu Street 1–7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-21-402-39-97
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22
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Idrees M, Mohammad AR, Karodia N, Rahman A. Multimodal Role of Amino Acids in Microbial Control and Drug Development. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E330. [PMID: 32560458 PMCID: PMC7345125 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are ubiquitous vital biomolecules found in all kinds of living organisms including those in the microbial world. They are utilised as nutrients and control many biological functions in microorganisms such as cell division, cell wall formation, cell growth and metabolism, intermicrobial communication (quorum sensing), and microbial-host interactions. Amino acids in the form of enzymes also play a key role in enabling microbes to resist antimicrobial drugs. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and microbial biofilms are posing a great threat to the world's human and animal population and are of prime concern to scientists and medical professionals. Although amino acids play an important role in the development of microbial resistance, they also offer a solution to the very same problem i.e., amino acids have been used to develop antimicrobial peptides as they are highly effective and less prone to microbial resistance. Other important applications of amino acids include their role as anti-biofilm agents, drug excipients, drug solubility enhancers, and drug adjuvants. This review aims to explore the emerging paradigm of amino acids as potential therapeutic moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Idrees
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (M.I.); (N.K.)
| | | | - Nazira Karodia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (M.I.); (N.K.)
| | - Ayesha Rahman
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (M.I.); (N.K.)
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Khan F, Pham DTN, Oloketuyi SF, Kim YM. Antibiotics Application Strategies to Control Biofilm Formation in Pathogenic Bacteria. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:270-286. [PMID: 31721708 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191112155905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of a biofilm by most pathogenic bacteria has been known as one of the resistance mechanisms against antibiotics. A biofilm is a structural component where the bacterial community adheres to the biotic or abiotic surfaces by the help of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) produced by bacterial cells. The biofilm matrix possesses the ability to resist several adverse environmental factors, including the effect of antibiotics. Therefore, the resistance of bacterial biofilm-forming cells could be increased up to 1000 times than the planktonic cells, hence requiring a significantly high concentration of antibiotics for treatment. METHODS Up to the present, several methodologies employing antibiotics as an anti-biofilm, antivirulence or quorum quenching agent have been developed for biofilm inhibition and eradication of a pre-formed mature biofilm. RESULTS Among the anti-biofilm strategies being tested, the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of several antibiotics either alone or in combination has been shown to inhibit biofilm formation and down-regulate the production of virulence factors. The combinatorial strategies include (1) combination of multiple antibiotics, (2) combination of antibiotics with non-antibiotic agents and (3) loading of antibiotics onto a carrier. CONCLUSION The present review paper describes the role of several antibiotics as biofilm inhibitors and also the alternative strategies adopted for applications in eradicating and inhibiting the formation of biofilm by pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P., India
| | - Dung T N Pham
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Sandra F Oloketuyi
- Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica 5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
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Immunization with a Biofilm-Disrupting Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Antigen Did Not Alter the Gut Microbiome in Chinchillas, Unlike Oral Delivery of a Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Commonly Used for Otitis Media. mSphere 2020; 5:5/2/e00296-20. [PMID: 32295873 PMCID: PMC7160684 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00296-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic and recurrent diseases, combined with the overuse/abuse of antibiotics that has led to the sobering emergence of bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics, has mandated that we develop novel approaches to better manage these diseases or, ideally, prevent them. Biofilms play a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic and recurrent bacterial diseases but are difficult, if not impossible, to eradicate with antibiotics. We developed a vaccine antigen designed to mediate biofilm disruption; however, it is also important that delivery of this vaccine does not induce collateral damage to the microbiome. The studies described here validated a vaccine approach that targets biofilms without the consequences of an altered gut microbiome. While delivery of the antibiotic most commonly given to children with ear infections did indeed alter the gut microbiome, as expected, immunization via traditional injection or by noninvasive delivery to the skin did not result in changes to the chinchilla gut microbiome. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat diseases, such as the highly prevalent pediatric disease otitis media (OM), contributes significantly to the worldwide emergence of multiple-antibiotic-resistant microbes, and gut dysbiosis with diarrhea is a common adverse sequela. Moreover, for many diseases, like OM, biofilms contribute significantly to chronicity and recurrence, yet biofilm-resident bacteria are characteristically highly resistant to antibiotics. The most cost-effective way to both prevent and resolve diseases like OM, as well as begin to address the problem of growing antibiotic resistance, would be via the development of novel approaches to eradicate bacterial biofilms. Toward this goal, we designed a vaccine antigen that induces the formation of antibodies that prevent biofilm formation and, thereby, experimental OM in the middle ears of chinchillas by the predominant Gram-negative pathogen responsible for this disease, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. These antibodies also significantly disrupt preexisting biofilms formed by diverse pathogens. Whereas preclinical data strongly support the continued development of this vaccine antigen, which targets an essential structural element of bacterial biofilms, a concern has been whether active immunization would also lead to unintended collateral damage in the form of an altered gut microbiome. To address this concern, we assessed changes in the microbiome of the chinchilla gut over time after the delivery of either amoxicillin-clavulanate, the standard of care for OM, or after immunization with our biofilm-targeted vaccine antigen either via a traditional subcutaneous route or via a novel noninvasive transcutaneous route. We show that differences in the abundance of specific taxa were found only in the stools of antibiotic-treated animals. IMPORTANCE The prevalence of chronic and recurrent diseases, combined with the overuse/abuse of antibiotics that has led to the sobering emergence of bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics, has mandated that we develop novel approaches to better manage these diseases or, ideally, prevent them. Biofilms play a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic and recurrent bacterial diseases but are difficult, if not impossible, to eradicate with antibiotics. We developed a vaccine antigen designed to mediate biofilm disruption; however, it is also important that delivery of this vaccine does not induce collateral damage to the microbiome. The studies described here validated a vaccine approach that targets biofilms without the consequences of an altered gut microbiome. While delivery of the antibiotic most commonly given to children with ear infections did indeed alter the gut microbiome, as expected, immunization via traditional injection or by noninvasive delivery to the skin did not result in changes to the chinchilla gut microbiome.
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Kunda NK. Antimicrobial peptides as novel therapeutics for non-small cell lung cancer. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:238-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Martínez M, Polizzotto A, Flores N, Semorile L, Maffía PC. Antibacterial, anti-biofilm and in vivo activities of the antimicrobial peptides P5 and P6.2. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103886. [PMID: 31778756 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short linear amino acid sequences, which display antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacterial species. They are promising novel antimicrobials since they have shown bactericidal effects against multiresistant bacteria. Their amphiphilic structure with hydrophobic and cationic regions drives their interaction with anionic bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, which leads to their disruption. In this work two synthetic designed AMPs, P5 and P6.2, which have been previously analyzed in their ability to interact with bacterial or eukaryotic membranes, were evaluated in their anti-biofilm and in vivo antibacterial activity. In a first step, a time-kill kinetic assay against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus and a curve for hemolytic activity were performed in order to determine the killing rate and the possible undesirable toxic effect, respectively, for both peptides. The biofilm inhibitory activity was quantified at sub MIC concentrations of the peptides and the results showed that P5 displayed antibiofilm activity on both strains while P6.2 only on S. aureus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of bacteria treated with peptides at their MIC revealed protruding blisters on Gam-negative P. aeruginosa strain, but almost no visible surface alteration on Gram-positive S. aureus. These micrographs highlighted different manifestations of the membrane-disrupting activity that these kinds of peptides possess. Finally, both peptides were analyzed in vivo, in the lungs of neutropenic mice previously instilled with P. aeruginosa. Mice lungs were surgically extracted and bacteria and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-β, IL-6 and TNF-α) were quantified by colony forming units and ELISA, respectively. Results showed that instillation of the peptides produced a significant decrease in the number of living bacteria in the lungs, concomitant with a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Overall, the results presented here suggest that these two new peptides could be good candidates for future drug development for anti-biofilm and anti-infective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Martínez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Axel Polizzotto
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Naiquén Flores
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Semorile
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paulo César Maffía
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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27
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Peptide Mix from Olivancillaria hiatula Interferes with Cell-to-Cell Communication in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5313918. [PMID: 31662981 PMCID: PMC6778971 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5313918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria in biofilms are encased in an extracellular polymeric matrix that limits exposure of microbial cells to lethal doses of antimicrobial agents, leading to resistance. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, biofilm formation is regulated by cell-to-cell communication, called quorum sensing. Quorum sensing facilitates a variety of bacterial physiological functions such as swarming motility and protease, pyoverdine, and pyocyanin productions. Peptide mix from the marine mollusc, Olivancillaria hiatula, has been studied for its antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microscopy and microtiter plate-based assays were used to evaluate biofilm inhibitory activities. Effect of the peptide mix on quorum sensing-mediated processes was also evaluated. Peptide mix proved to be a good antibiofilm agent, requiring less than 39 μg/mL to inhibit 50% biofilm formation. Micrographs obtained confirmed biofilm inhibition at 1/2 MIC whereas 2.5 mg/mL was required to degrade preformed biofilm. There was a marked attenuation in quorum sensing-mediated phenotypes as well. At 1/2 MIC of peptide, the expression of pyocyanin, pyoverdine, and protease was inhibited by 60%, 72%, and 54%, respectively. Additionally, swarming motility was repressed by peptide in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the peptide mix from Olivancillaria hiatula probably inhibits biofilm formation by interfering with cell-to-cell communication in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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28
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Ciandrini E, Morroni G, Cirioni O, Kamysz W, Kamysz E, Brescini L, Baffone W, Campana R. Synergistic combinations of antimicrobial peptides against biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on polystyrene and medical devices. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 21:203-210. [PMID: 31678322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antimicrobial research is being focused to look for more effective therapeutics against antibiotic-resistant infections such as those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this regard, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) appear to be a promising solution. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential activity of temporin A, citropin 1.1, CA(1-7)M(2-9)NH2 and Pal-KGK-NH2 in synergistic activity against MRSA biofilms developed on polystyrene surface (PSS) and central venous catheter (CVC). METHODS The study was subdivided into distinct phases to assess the ability of AMPs to inhibit biofilm formation, to identify possible synergy between AMPs, and to eradicate preformed biofilms on PSS and CVC using AMPs alone or in combination. RESULTS Activity of the AMPs was particularly evident in the inhibition of biofilm formation on PSS and CVC, whilst the eradication of preformed biofilms was more difficult and was reached only after 24h of contact. The synergistic activity of AMP combinations, selected by their fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI), led to an improvement in the performance of all of the molecules in the removal of different biofilms. CONCLUSION Overall, AMPs could represent the next generation of antimicrobial agents for a prophylactic or therapeutic tool to control biofilms of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and/or biofilm-associated infections on different medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ciandrini
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Division of Toxicological, Hygiene and Environmental Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oscar Cirioni
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Lucia Brescini
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Wally Baffone
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Division of Toxicological, Hygiene and Environmental Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Campana
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Division of Toxicological, Hygiene and Environmental Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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Oshiro KGN, Rodrigues G, Monges BED, Cardoso MH, Franco OL. Bioactive Peptides Against Fungal Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2169. [PMID: 31681179 PMCID: PMC6797862 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by invasive fungal biofilms have been widely associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, mainly due to the advent of antibiotic resistance. Moreover, fungal biofilms impose an additional challenge, leading to multidrug resistance. This fact, along with the contamination of medical devices and the limited number of effective antifungal agents available on the market, demonstrates the importance of finding novel drug candidates targeting pathogenic fungal cells and biofilms. In this context, an alternative strategy is the use of antifungal peptides (AFPs) against fungal biofilms. AFPs are considered a group of bioactive molecules with broad-spectrum activities and multiple mechanisms of action that have been widely used as template molecules for drug design strategies aiming at greater specificity and biological efficacy. Among the AFP classes most studied in the context of fungal biofilms, defensins, cathelicidins and histatins have been described. AFPs can also act by preventing the formation of fungal biofilms and eradicating preformed biofilms through mechanisms associated with cell wall perturbation, inhibition of planktonic fungal cells’ adhesion onto surfaces, gene regulation and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, considering the critical scenario imposed by fungal biofilms and associated infections and the application of AFPs as a possible treatment, this review will focus on the most effective AFPs described to date, with a core focus on antibiofilm peptides, as well as their efficacy in vivo, application on surfaces and proposed mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G N Oshiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Gisele Rodrigues
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Bruna Estéfani D Monges
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Paduszynska MA, Maciejewska M, Neubauer D, Golacki K, Szymukowicz M, Bauer M, Kamysz W. Influence of Short Cationic Lipopeptides with Fatty Acids of Different Chain Lengths on Bacterial Biofilms Formed on Polystyrene and Hydrogel Surfaces. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E506. [PMID: 31581500 PMCID: PMC6835763 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, biomaterials are applied in many different branches of medicine. They significantly improve the patients' comfort and quality of life, but also constitute a significant risk factor for biofilm-associated infections. Currently, intensive research on the development of novel materials resistant to microbial colonization as well as new compounds that are active against biofilms is being carried out. Within this research, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their analogues are being intensively investigated due to their promising antimicrobial activities. The main goal of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of short cationic lipopeptides that were designed to imitate the features of AMPs responsible for antimicrobial activities: positive net charge and amphipacity. The positive charge of the molecules results from the presence of basic amino acid residues: arginine and lysine. Amphipacity is provided by the introduction of decanoic, dodecanoic, tetradecanoic, and hexadecanoic acid chains to the molecules. Lipopeptides (C16-KR-NH2, C16-KKK-NH2, C16-KKC-NH2, C16-KGK-NH2, C14-KR-NH2, C14-KKC-NH2, C12-KR-NH2, C12-KKC-NH2, and (C10)2-KKKK-NH2) were synthesized using a novel solid-phase temperature-assisted methodology. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs), and minimum biofilm formation inhibitory concentrations (MBFICs) were determined for the following bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and Proteus mirabilis PCM 543. The biofilms were cultured on two types of surfaces: polystyrene plates (PS) and contact lenses (CL). The lipopeptides exhibited the ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria in a liquid medium as well as on the PS and CL. The compounds also eliminated the bacterial biofilm from the surface of both materials. In general, the activity against gram-positive bacteria was stronger in comparison to that against gram-negative strains. There were certain discrepancies between the activity of compounds against the biofilm cultured on PS and CL. This was especially noticeable for staphylococci-the lipopeptides presented much higher activity against biofilm formed on the PS surface. It is worth noting that the obtained MBEC values for lipopeptides were usually only a few times higher than the MICs. The results of the performed experiments suggest that further studies on lipopeptides and their potential application in the treatment and prophylaxis of biofilm-associated infections should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Anna Paduszynska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Maciejewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory Avena Sp. z.o.o., 86-031 Osielsko, Poland.
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Golacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Szymukowicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Marta Bauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
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Jiao Y, Tay FR, Niu LN, Chen JH. Advancing antimicrobial strategies for managing oral biofilm infections. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:28. [PMID: 31570700 PMCID: PMC6802668 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective control of oral biofilm infectious diseases represents a major global challenge. Microorganisms in biofilms exhibit increased drug tolerance compared with planktonic cells. The present review covers innovative antimicrobial strategies for controlling oral biofilm-related infections published predominantly over the past 5 years. Antimicrobial dental materials based on antimicrobial agent release, contact-killing and multi-functional strategies have been designed and synthesized for the prevention of initial bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation on the tooth and material surface. Among the therapeutic approaches for managing biofilms in clinical practice, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy has emerged as an alternative to antimicrobial regimes and mechanical removal of biofilms, and cold atmospheric plasma shows significant advantages over conventional antimicrobial approaches. Nevertheless, more preclinical studies and appropriately designed and well-structured multi-center clinical trials are critically needed to obtain reliable comparative data. The acquired information will be helpful in identifying the most effective antibacterial solutions and the most optimal circumstances to utilize these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, the 7th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, the Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Li-Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Ji-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
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32
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Llena C, Almarche A, Mira A, López MA. Antimicrobial efficacy of the supernatant of Streptococcus dentisani against microorganisms implicated in root canal infections. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:184-194. [PMID: 30918216 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to test the antimicrobial activity of Streptococcus dentisani (S. dentisani) supernatant against a collection of microorganisms implicated in dental root infections, and to analyze morphological changes induced in a selection of the tested microorganisms. A total of 22 microbial species were selected, and their growth was monitored by spectrophotometry in the presence and absence of the supernatant of S. dentisani at different assay concentrations (0.2×, 1×, 2×). The generation time and maximum growth rates were evaluated under every tested condition. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were obtained to assess the effect on the cell surface following incubation of the pathogens with the concentrated (2×) supernatant of S. dentisani. The supernatant of S. dentisani was found to exert effective inhibitory activity against most of the studied microorganisms implicated in dental root infections (20 out of 22). Total growth inhibition was observed in the case of Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus salivarius, Prevotella intermedia, and Streptococcus mutans, while the rest of the microorganisms showed an increase in the generation time (between 30 min and 4 h). SEM images revealed structural changes in the membrane consistent with bacteriocin activity, although the effects were heterogeneous among the different species tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, University of Valencia
| | | | - Alejandro Mira
- The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO)
| | - M Arantxa López
- The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO)
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Synergistic and antibiofilm activity of the antimicrobial peptide P5 against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:1329-1337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Isayenko OY, Knysh OV, Babych YM, Ryzhkova TN, Dyukareva GI. Effect of disintegrates and metabolites of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces boulardii on biofilms of antibiotic resistant conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The work presented here is the first to examine the impact of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 and Saccharomyces boulardii metabolites obtained using the author`s method on the formation of biofilm forms of bacteria. The structural components of the probiotic microorganisms were obtained using the method of physical disintegration – low frequency ultrasound waves produced by a G3-109 generator. Metabolites were obtained by cultivating L. rhamnosus and S. boulardii in ultrasound disintegrates of lactobacteria and Saccharomycetes. The impact of biologically active substances on the formation of biofilm of Corynebacterium ulcerans tox+ 112, C. diphtheriae gravis tox+ 108, by antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR, Klebsiella pneumoniae PR, Lelliottia amnigena (Enterobacter amnigenus) PR and P. aeruginosa AТСС 27853 reference strain was studied using the spectrophotometric method. For the first time, we proved that L. rhamnosus GG and S. boulardii metabolites and combinations of metabolites of Saccharomycetes and lactobacteria, obtained by cultivating primary producers in their disintegrates, damage preformed 24-hour biofilms of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The representatives of Corynebacterium exhibited higher sensitivity to the filtrates of disintegrates and products of vital activity of lactobacteria and Saccharomycetes than gram-negative pathogens. High parameters of decrease in optical density of preformed biofilms of Corynebacterium and antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria were observed under the influence of combination of L. rhamnosus GG and S. boulardii metabolites (by 1.3–2.6 times). However, the largest reduction of the optical density of the formed biofilm of all studied strains was observed under the influence of metabolites of lactobacteria (by 1.5–5.3 times). Biologically active substances of L. rhamnosus GG and S. boulardii obtained using the author’s method can be used as candidate preparations which could have a strong influence on the process of the formation of the biofilms and preformed biofilms, and also as a preparations of substitution/addition of therapeutic prescription.
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Shahrour H, Ferrer-Espada R, Dandache I, Bárcena-Varela S, Sánchez-Gómez S, Chokr A, Martinez-de-Tejada G. AMPs as Anti-biofilm Agents for Human Therapy and Prophylaxis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1117:257-279. [PMID: 30980362 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microbial cells show a strong natural tendency to adhere to surfaces and to colonize them by forming complex communities called biofilms. In this growth mode, biofilm-forming cells encase themselves inside a dense matrix which efficiently protects them against antimicrobial agents and effectors of the immune system. Moreover, at the physiological level, biofilms contain a very heterogeneous cell population including metabolically inactive organisms and persisters, which are highly tolerant to antibiotics. The majority of human infectious diseases are caused by biofilm-forming microorganisms which are responsible for pathologies such as cystic fibrosis, infective endocarditis, pneumonia, wound infections, dental caries, infections of indwelling devices, etc. AMPs are well suited to combat biofilms because of their potent bactericidal activity of broad spectrum (including resting cells and persisters) and their ability to first penetrate and then to disorganize these structures. In addition, AMPs frequently synergize with antimicrobial compounds and were recently reported to repress the molecular pathways leading to biofilm formation. Finally, there is a very active research to develop AMP-containing coatings that can prevent biofilm formation by killing microbial cells on contact or by locally releasing their active principle. In this chapter we will describe these strategies and discuss the perspectives of the use of AMPs as anti-biofilm agents for human therapy and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawraa Shahrour
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Life & Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat campus, Beirut, Lebanon.,Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Raquel Ferrer-Espada
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Israa Dandache
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Life & Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat campus, Beirut, Lebanon.,Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Ali Chokr
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Life & Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat campus, Beirut, Lebanon.,Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
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Castro J, Jefferson KK, Cerca N. Innate immune components affect growth and virulence traits of bacterial-vaginosis-associated and non-bacterial-vaginosis-associated Gardnerella vaginalis strains similarly. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:5289865. [PMID: 30649289 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces of the female reproductive tract contain a variety of antimicrobial components that provide the first line of defense against bacteria involved in the development of bacterial vaginosis (BV). Microbiological analysis of BV has shown Gardnerella vaginalis to be a prominent species in BV development. However, G. vaginalis colonization does not always lead to BV. Over the last decade, phenotypic and genotypic studies have demonstrated the existence of strain variants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate if the major components of the vaginal immune response, specifically lysozyme, lactoferrin and β-defensin 2, differently affected virulence traits of G. vaginalis strains isolated from healthy women or from women with BV. Gardnerella vaginalis strains were first genotyped by the clade classification system and then phenotypically characterized. Our results revealed that key differences in initial adhesion existed among the isolates but that these differences could not be predicted using the clade-genotyping approach. Importantly, we found that growth, initial adhesion and biofilm formation were strongly affected by lysozymes, but at similar levels in both groups, suggesting that the response to host immune components is not a distinguishing characteristic of isolates from women with BV versus those from healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Castro
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Kimberly K Jefferson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0678, USA
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Tajbakhsh M, Akhavan MM, Fallah F, Karimi A. A Recombinant Snake Cathelicidin Derivative Peptide: Antibiofilm Properties and Expression in Escherichia coli. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E118. [PMID: 30360422 PMCID: PMC6315654 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic microorganisms has been led to an urgent need for antibiotic alternatives. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been introduced as promising therapeutic agents because of their remarkable potentials. A new modified cathelicidin-BF peptide (Cath-A) with 34 amino acid sequences, represents the potential antimicrobial effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with slight hemolytic and cytotoxic activities on eukaryotic cells. In this study, the effects of Cath-A on Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from medical instruments were studied. Cath-A inhibited the growth of bacterial cells in the range of 8⁻16 μg/mL and 16-≥256 μg/mL for A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The peptide significantly removed the established biofilms. To display a representative approach for the cost-effective constructions of peptides, the recombinant Cath-A was cloned in the expression vector pET-32a(+) and transformed to Escherichia coli BL21. The peptide was expressed with a thioredoxin (Trx) sequence in optimum conditions. The recombinant peptide was purified with a Ni2+ affinity chromatography and the mature peptide was released after removing the Trx fusion protein with enterokinase. The final concentration of the partially purified peptide was 17.6 mg/L of a bacterial culture which exhibited antimicrobial activities. The current expression and purification method displayed a fast and effective system to finally produce active Cath-A for further in-vitro study usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedeh Tajbakhsh
- Pediatric Infections Research Center (PIRC), Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1546815514, Iran.
| | - Maziar Mohammad Akhavan
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1989934148, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center (PIRC), Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1546815514, Iran.
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center (PIRC), Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1546815514, Iran.
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Potent effects of amino acid scanned antimicrobial peptide Feleucin-K3 analogs against both multidrug-resistant strains and biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1471-1483. [PMID: 30136030 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is particularly difficult to treat because it possesses a variety of resistance mechanisms and because it often forms biofilms. Antimicrobial peptides represent promising candidates for future templates of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections due to their unique mechanism of antimicrobial action. In this study, we first found that the antimicrobial peptide Feleucin-K3 has potent antimicrobial activity against not only the standard strain of P. aeruginosa but also against the multidrug-resistant strains isolated from clinics. Then, the structure-activity relationship of the peptide was investigated using alanine and D-amino acid scanning. Among the analogs synthesized, FK-1D showed much more potent antimicrobial activity, superior stability, and very low toxicity, and it was able to permeabilize bacterial membranes. Furthermore, it exhibited significant anti-biofilm activity. More importantly, FK-1D showed excellent antimicrobial activity in vivo, especially against clinical multidrug-resistant bacteria, in contrast to ceftazidime. Our results suggested that FK-1D could be subjected to fixed-point modification in the first and fourth sites to further optimize its medicinal properties and potential as a lead compound for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and the associated biofilms.
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Andrea A, Molchanova N, Jenssen H. Antibiofilm Peptides and Peptidomimetics with Focus on Surface Immobilization. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E27. [PMID: 29772735 PMCID: PMC6022873 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms pose a major threat to public health, as they are associated with at least two thirds of all infections. They are highly resilient and render conventional antibiotics inefficient. As a part of the innate immune system, antimicrobial peptides have drawn attention within the last decades, as some of them are able to eradicate biofilms at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels. However, peptides possess a number of disadvantages, such as susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, pH and/or salinity-dependent activity and loss of activity due to binding to serum proteins. Hence, proteolytically stable peptidomimetics were designed to overcome these drawbacks. This paper summarizes the current peptide and peptidomimetic strategies for combating bacteria-associated biofilm infections, both in respect to soluble and surface-functionalized solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Andrea
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Natalia Molchanova
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Von Borowski RG, Macedo AJ, Gnoatto SCB. Peptides as a strategy against biofilm-forming microorganisms: Structure-activity relationship perspectives. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 114:114-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Bessa LJ, Eaton P, Dematei A, Plácido A, Vale N, Gomes P, Delerue-Matos C, Sa Leite JR, Gameiro P. Synergistic and antibiofilm properties of ocellatin peptides against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:151-163. [PMID: 29308671 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To test ocellatin peptides (ocellatins-PT2-PT6) for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities and synergy with antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MATERIALS & METHODS Normal- and checkerboard-broth microdilution methods were used. Biofilm studies included microtiter plate-based assays and microscopic analysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy and atomic force microscopy. RESULTS Ocellatins were more active against multidrug-resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa than against susceptible strains. Ocellatin-PT3 showed synergy with ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime against multidrug-resistant isolates and was capable of preventing the proliferation of 48-h mature biofilms at concentrations ranging from 4 to 8× the MIC. Treated biofilms had low viability and were slightly more disaggregated. CONCLUSION Ocellatin-PT3 may be promising as a template for the development of novel antimicrobial peptides against P. aeruginosa. [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda J Bessa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Peter Eaton
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anderson Dematei
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, 70910-900 Brasil
| | - Alexandra Plácido
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Roberto Sa Leite
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.,Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, 70910-900 Brasil
| | - Paula Gameiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Gemini Cationic Amphiphiles Control Biofilm Formation by Bacterial Vaginosis Pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00650-17. [PMID: 28893789 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00650-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV), a polymicrobial infection, justify the need for novel antimicrobials to counteract microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics. Previously, two series of cationic amphiphiles (CAms) which self-assemble into supramolecular nanostructures with membrane-lytic properties were designed with hydrophilic head groups and nonpolar domains. The combination of CAms and commonly prescribed antibiotics is suggested as a promising strategy for targeting microorganisms that are resistant to conventional antibiotics. Activities of the CAms against Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC 14018, a representative BV pathogen, ranged from 1.1 to 24.4 μM. Interestingly, the tested healthy Lactobacillus species, especially Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 39268, were significantly more tolerant of CAms than the selected pathogens. In addition, CAms prevented biofilm formation at concentrations which did not influence the normal growth ability of G. vaginalis ATCC 14018. Furthermore, the biofilm minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC-Bs) of CAms against G. vaginalis ATCC 14018 ranged from 58.8 to 425.6 μM, while much higher concentrations (≥850 μM) were required to produce ≥3-log reductions in the number of biofilm-associated lactobacilli. The conventional antibiotic metronidazole synergized strongly with all tested CAms against planktonic cells and biofilms of G. vaginalis ATCC 14018. The synergism between CAms and the tested conventional antibiotic may be considered a new, effective, and beneficial method of controlling biofilm-associated bacterial vaginosis.
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Fais R, Di Luca M, Rizzato C, Morici P, Bottai D, Tavanti A, Lupetti A. The N-Terminus of Human Lactoferrin Displays Anti-biofilm Activity on Candida parapsilosis in Lumen Catheters. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2218. [PMID: 29180990 PMCID: PMC5693879 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is a major cause of hospital-acquired infection, often related to parenteral nutrition administered via catheters and hand colonization of health care workers, and its peculiar biofilm formation ability on plastic surfaces. The mortality rate of 30% points to the pressing need for new antifungal drugs. The present study aimed at analyzing the inhibitory activity of the N-terminal lactoferrin-derived peptide, further referred to as hLF 1-11, against biofilms produced by clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis characterized for their biofilm forming ability and fluconazole susceptibility. hLF 1-11 anti-biofilm activity was assessed in terms of reduction of biofilm biomass, metabolic activity, and observation of sessile cell morphology on polystyrene microtiter plates and using an in vitro model of catheter-associated C. parapsilosis biofilm production. Moreover, fluctuation in transcription levels of genes related to cell adhesion, hyphal development and extracellular matrix production upon peptide exposure were evaluated by quantitative real time RT-PCR. The results revealed that hLF 1-11 exhibits an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by all the C. parapsilosis isolates tested, in a dose-dependent manner, regardless of their fluconazole susceptibility. In addition, hLF 1-11 induced a statistically significant dose-dependent reduction of preformed-biofilm cellular density and metabolic activity at high peptide concentrations only. Interestingly, when assessed in a catheter lumen, hLF 1-11 was able to induce a 2-log reduction of sessile cell viability at both the peptide concentrations used in RPMI diluted in NaPB. A more pronounced anti-biofilm effect was observed (3.5-log reduction) when a 10% glucose solution was used as experimental condition on both early and preformed C. parapsilosis biofilm. Quantitative real time RT-PCR experiments confirmed that hLF 1-11 down-regulates key biofilm related genes. The overall findings suggest hLF 1-11 as a promising candidate for the prevention of C. parapsilosis biofilm formation and to treatment of mature catheter-related C. parapsilosis biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fais
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Di Luca
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology, Istituto Nanoscienze-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cosmeri Rizzato
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Morici
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology, Istituto Nanoscienze-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daria Bottai
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Lupetti
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Maiti K, Syal K, Chatterji D, Jayaraman N. Synthetic Arabinomannan Heptasaccharide Glycolipids Inhibit Biofilm Growth and Augment Isoniazid Effects in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1959-1970. [PMID: 28771901 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation, involving attachment to an adherent surface, is a critical survival strategy of mycobacterial colonies in hostile environmental conditions. Here we report the synthesis of heptasaccharide glycolipids based on mannopyranoside units anchored on to a branched arabinofuranoside core. Two types of glycolipids-2,3-branched and 2,5-branched-were synthesized and evaluated for their efficacies in inhibiting biofilm growth by the non-pathogenic mycobacterium variant Mycobacterium smegmatis. Biofilm formation was inhibited at a minimum biofilm growth inhibition concentration (MBIC) of 100 μg mL-1 in the case of the 2,5-branched heptasaccharide glycolipid. Further, we were able to ascertain that a combination of the drug isoniazid with the branched heptasaccharide glycolipid (50 μg mL-1 ) potentiates the drug, making it three times more effective, with an improved MBIC of 30 μg mL-1 . These studies establish that synthetic glycolipids not only act as inhibitors of biofilm growth, but also provide a synergistic effect when combined with significantly lowered concentrations of isoniazid to disrupt the biofilm structures of the mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnagopal Maiti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Kirtimaan Syal
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Dipankar Chatterji
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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Grassi L, Maisetta G, Maccari G, Esin S, Batoni G. Analogs of the Frog-skin Antimicrobial Peptide Temporin 1Tb Exhibit a Wider Spectrum of Activity and a Stronger Antibiofilm Potential as Compared to the Parental Peptide. Front Chem 2017; 5:24. [PMID: 28443279 PMCID: PMC5387044 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The frog skin-derived peptide Temporin 1Tb (TB) has gained increasing attention as novel antimicrobial agent for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant and/or biofilm-mediated infections. Nevertheless, such a peptide possesses a preferential spectrum of action against Gram-positive bacteria. In order to improve the therapeutic potential of TB, the present study evaluated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of two TB analogs against medically relevant bacterial species. Of the two analogs, TB_KKG6A has been previously described in the literature, while TB_L1FK is a new analog designed by us through statistical-based computational strategies. Both TB analogs displayed a faster and stronger bactericidal activity than the parental peptide, especially against Gram-negative bacteria in planktonic form. Differently from the parental peptide, TB_KKG6A and TB_L1FK were able to inhibit the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by more than 50% at 12 μM, while only TB_KKG6A prevented the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms at 24 μM. A marked antibiofilm activity against preformed biofilms of both bacterial species was observed for the two TB analogs when used in combination with EDTA. Analysis of synergism at the cellular level suggested that the antibiofilm activity exerted by the peptide-EDTA combinations against mature biofilms might be due mainly to a disaggregating effect on the extracellular matrix in the case of S. aureus, and to a direct activity on biofilm-embedded cells in the case of P. aeruginosa. Both analogs displayed a low hemolytic effect at the active concentrations and, overall, TB_L1FK resulted less cytotoxic toward mammalian cells. Collectively, the results obtained demonstrated that subtle changes in the primary sequence of TB may provide TB analogs that, used alone or in combination with adjuvant molecules such as EDTA, exhibit promising features against both planktonic and biofilm cells of medically relevant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Grassi
- Department of Translational Research and new Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Department of Translational Research and new Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maccari
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Italian Institute of TechnologyPisa, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and new Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and new Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of PisaPisa, Italy
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Natural antimicrobial peptide complexes in the fighting of antibiotic resistant biofilms: Calliphora vicina medicinal maggots. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173559. [PMID: 28278280 PMCID: PMC5344439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms, sedimented microbial communities embedded in a biopolymer matrix cause vast majority of human bacterial infections and many severe complications such as chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Biofilms’ resistance to the host immunity and antibiotics makes this kind of infection particularly intractable. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a ubiquitous facet of innate immunity in animals. However, AMPs activity was studied mainly on planktonic bacteria and little is known about their effects on biofilms. We studied structure and anti-biofilm activity of AMP complex produced by the maggots of blowfly Calliphora vicina living in environments extremely contaminated by biofilm-forming germs. The complex exhibits strong cell killing and matrix destroying activity against human pathogenic antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms as well as non-toxicity to human immune cells. The complex was found to contain AMPs from defensin, cecropin, diptericin and proline-rich peptide families simultaneously expressed in response to bacterial infection and encoded by hundreds mRNA isoforms. All the families combine cell killing and matrix destruction mechanisms, but the ratio of these effects and antibacterial activity spectrum are specific to each family. These molecules dramatically extend the list of known anti-biofilm AMPs. However, pharmacological development of the complex as a whole can provide significant advantages compared with a conventional one-component approach. In particular, a similar level of activity against biofilm and planktonic bacteria (MBEC/MIC ratio) provides the complex advantage over conventional antibiotics. Available methods of the complex in situ and in vitro biosynthesis make this idea practicable.
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Mai S, Mauger MT, Niu LN, Barnes JB, Kao S, Bergeron BE, Ling JQ, Tay FR. Potential applications of antimicrobial peptides and their mimics in combating caries and pulpal infections. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:16-35. [PMID: 27845274 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short cationic host-defense molecules that provide the early stage of protection against invading microbes. They also have important modulatory roles and act as a bridge between innate and acquired immunity. The types and functions of oral AMPs were reviewed and experimental reports on the use of natural AMPs and their synthetic mimics in caries and pulpal infections were discussed. Natural AMPs in the oral cavity, predominantly defensins, cathelicidins and histatins, possess antimicrobial activities against oral pathogens and biofilms. Incomplete debridement of microorganisms in root canal space may precipitate an exacerbated immune response that results in periradicular bone resorption. Because of their immunomodulatory and wound healing potentials, AMPs stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production, recruit host defense cells and regulate immuno-inflammatory responses in the vicinity of the pulp and periapex. Recent rapid advances in the development of synthetic AMP mimics offer exciting opportunities for new therapeutic initiatives in root canal treatment and regenerative endodontics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Identification of new therapeutic strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens and biofilm-associated infections continues to be one of the major challenges in modern medicine. Despite the presence of commercialization hurdles and scientific challenges, interests in using antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic alternatives and adjuvants to combat pathogenic biofilms have never been foreshortened. Not only do these cationic peptides possess rapid killing ability, their multi-modal mechanisms of action render them advantageous in targeting different biofilm sub-populations. These factors, together with adjunctive bioactive functions such as immunomodulation and wound healing enhancement, render AMPs or their synthetic mimics exciting candidates to be considered as adjuncts in the treatment of caries, infected pulps and root canals.
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Lopes D, Jakobtorweihen S, Nunes C, Sarmento B, Reis S. Shedding light on the puzzle of drug-membrane interactions: Experimental techniques and molecular dynamics simulations. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 65:24-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lee LF, Mariappan V, Vellasamy KM, Lee VS, Vadivelu J. Antimicrobial activity of Tachyplesin 1 against Burkholderia pseudomallei: an in vitro and in silico approach. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2468. [PMID: 27812400 PMCID: PMC5088614 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is intrinsically resistant to many conventional antibiotics. Therefore, alternative antimicrobial agents such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are extensively studied to combat this issue. Our study aims to identify and understand the mode of action of the potential AMP(s) that are effective against B. pseudomallei in both planktonic and biofilm state as well as to predict the possible binding targets on using in vitro and in silico approaches. In the in vitro study, 11 AMPs were tested against 100 B. pseudomallei isolates for planktonic cell susceptibility, where LL-37, and PG1, demonstrated 100.0% susceptibility and TP1 demonstrated 83% susceptibility. Since the B. pseudomallei activity was reported on LL-37 and PG1, TP1 was selected for further investigation. TP1 inhibited B. pseudomallei cells at 61.69 μM, and membrane blebbing was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, TP1 inhibited B. pseudomallei cell growth, reaching bactericidal endpoint within 2 h post exposure as compared to ceftazidime (CAZ) (8 h). Furthermore, TP1 was shown to suppress the growth of B. pseudomallei cells in biofilm state at concentrations above 221 μM. However, TP1 was cytotoxic to the mammalian cell lines tested. In the in silico study, molecular docking revealed that TP1 demonstrated a strong interaction to the common peptide or inhibitor binding targets for lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli, as well as autolysin, pneumolysin, and pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Homology modelled B. pseudomallei PspA protein (YDP) also showed a favourable binding with a strong electrostatic contribution and nine hydrogen bonds. In conclusion, TP1 demonstrated a good potential as an anti-B. pseudomallei agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn-Fay Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Vannajan Sanghiran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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