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Wang Z, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Wang Y, Chen J, Christian M, He Z. Food phenolics stimulate adipocyte browning via regulating gut microecology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-27. [PMID: 34738509 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1997905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fat browning has piqued the interest of researchers as a potential target for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders. Recruitment of brown adipocytes leads to enhanced energy dissipation and reduced adiposity, thus facilitating the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Evidence is increasing to support the crucial roles of polyphenols and gut microecology in turning fat "brown". However, it is not clear whether the intestinal microecology is involved in polyphenol-mediated regulation of adipose browning, so this concept is worthy of exploration. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge, mostly from studies with murine models, supporting the concept that the effects of food phenolics on brown fat activation and white fat browning can be attributed to their regulatory actions on gut microecology, including microbial community profile, gut metabolites, and gut-derived hormones. Furthermore, the potential underlying pathways involved are also discussed. Basically, understanding gut microecology paves the way to determine the underlying roles and mechanisms of food phenolics in adipose browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Food and Beverage Department of Damin Food (Zhangzhou) Co., Ltd, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mark Christian
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Demir S, Nawroth PP, Herzig S, Ekim Üstünel B. Emerging Targets in Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Complications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100275. [PMID: 34319011 PMCID: PMC8456215 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic, chronic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose levels. Although a large drug portfolio exists to keep the blood glucose levels under control, these medications are not without side effects. More importantly, once diagnosed diabetes is rarely reversible. Dysfunctions in the kidney, retina, cardiovascular system, neurons, and liver represent the common complications of diabetes, which again lack effective therapies that can reverse organ injury. Overall, the molecular mechanisms of how type 2 diabetes develops and leads to irreparable organ damage remain elusive. This review particularly focuses on novel targets that may play role in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Further research on these targets may eventually pave the way to novel therapies for the treatment-or even the prevention-of type 2 diabetes along with its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgican Demir
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center MunichIngolstädter Landstr. 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Joint Heidelberg ‐ IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramInternal Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
- DZDDeutsches Zentrum für DiabetesforschungIngolstädter Landstraße 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Peter P. Nawroth
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center MunichIngolstädter Landstr. 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Joint Heidelberg ‐ IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramInternal Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
- DZDDeutsches Zentrum für DiabetesforschungIngolstädter Landstraße 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center MunichIngolstädter Landstr. 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Joint Heidelberg ‐ IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramInternal Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
- DZDDeutsches Zentrum für DiabetesforschungIngolstädter Landstraße 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Bilgen Ekim Üstünel
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center MunichIngolstädter Landstr. 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Joint Heidelberg ‐ IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramInternal Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
- DZDDeutsches Zentrum für DiabetesforschungIngolstädter Landstraße 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
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Jiang JX, Fish SR, Tomilov A, Li Y, Fan W, Dehnad A, Gae D, Das S, Mozes G, Charville GW, Ramsey J, Cortopassi G, Török NJ. Nonphagocytic Activation of NOX2 Is Implicated in Progressive Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis During Aging. Hepatology 2020; 72:1204-1218. [PMID: 31950520 PMCID: PMC7478166 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Older patients with obesity/type II diabetes mellitus frequently present with advanced NASH. Whether this is due to specific molecular pathways that accelerate fibrosis during aging is unknown. Activation of the Src homology 2 domain-containing collagen-related (Shc) proteins and redox stress have been recognized in aging; however, their link to NASH has not been explored. APPROACH AND RESULTS Shc expression increased in livers of older patients with NASH, as assessed by real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) or western blots. Fibrosis, Shc expression, markers of senescence, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form oxidases (NOXs) were studied in young/old mice on fast food diet (FFD). To inhibit Shc in old mice, lentiviral (LV)-short hairpin Shc versus control-LV were used during FFD. For hepatocyte-specific effects, floxed (fl/fl) Shc mice on FFD were injected with adeno-associated virus 8-thyroxine-binding globulin-Cre-recombinase versus control. Fibrosis was accelerated in older mice on FFD, and Shc inhibition by LV in older mice or hepatocyte-specific deletion resulted in significantly improved inflammation, reduction in senescence markers in older mice, lipid peroxidation, and fibrosis. To study NOX2 activation, the interaction of p47phox (NOX2 regulatory subunit) and p52Shc was evaluated by proximity ligation and coimmunoprecipitations. Palmitate-induced p52Shc binding to p47phox , activating the NOX2 complex, more so at an older age. Kinetics of binding were assessed in Src homology 2 domain (SH2) or phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain deletion mutants by biolayer interferometry, revealing the role of SH2 and the PTB domains. Lastly, an in silico model of p52Shc/p47phox interaction using RosettaDock was generated. CONCLUSIONS Accelerated fibrosis in the aged is modulated by p52Shc/NOX2. We show a pathway for direct activation of the phagocytic NOX2 in hepatocytes by p52Shc binding and activating the p47phox subunit that results in redox stress and accelerated fibrosis in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy X. Jiang
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Sarah R. Fish
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Alexey Tomilov
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, 3011, VM3B, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Yuan Li
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and VA Palo Alto, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Weiguo Fan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and VA Palo Alto, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Ali Dehnad
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and VA Palo Alto, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - David Gae
- Dept of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA 94118
| | - Suvarthi Das
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and VA Palo Alto, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Gergely Mozes
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and VA Palo Alto, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Gregory W. Charville
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Jon Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, 3011, VM3B, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Gino Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, 3011, VM3B, Davis, CA 95616
| | - NJ Török
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and VA Palo Alto, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304,Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304, and VA Palo Alto, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304
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Elmore SE, Cano-Sancho G, La Merrill MA. Disruption of normal adipocyte development and function by methyl- and propyl- paraben exposure. Toxicol Lett 2020; 334:27-35. [PMID: 32956827 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methyl- and propyl- parabens are generally regarded as safe by the U.S Food and Drug Administration and as such are commonly used in personal care products. These parabens have been associated with increased white adipogenesis in vitro and methyl paraben also increased the white adipose mass of mice. Given brown adipose also plays a role in energy balance, we sought to evaluate whether the effects of methyl- and propyl- parabens on white adipocytes extended to brown adipocytes. We challenged white and brown pre-adipocytes at low doses of both parabens (up to 1 μM) during the differentiation process and examined adipogenesis with the ORO assay. The impact of each paraben on glucose uptake and lipolytic activity of adipocytes were measured with a fluorescent glucose analog and enzymatically, respectively. Methyl- and propyl- parabens increased adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 white adipocytes but not brown adipocytes. In white adipocytes, methyl paraben increased glucose uptake and both parabens reduced basal lipolysis. However, in brown adipocytes, parabens had no effect on basal lipolysis and instead attenuated isoproterenol induced lipolysis. These data indicate that methyl- and propyl- parabens target the differentiation and metabolic processes of multiple types of adipocytes in a cell autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Elmore
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California EPA, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - G Cano-Sancho
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; LABERCA, Oniris, INRAE, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - M A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
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Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernandez-Real JM. The gut microbiota modulates both browning of white adipose tissue and the activity of brown adipose tissue. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2019; 20:387-397. [PMID: 31776853 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic disturbances, novel therapeutic strategies are imperatively required. A plausible manner to increase energy expenditure is the enhancement of thermogenic pathways in white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). In the last 15 years, the identification of novel endogenous mechanisms to promote BAT activity or browning of WAT has pointed at gut microbiota as an important modulator of host metabolic homeostasis and energy balance. In this review, we focused on the relationship between gut microbiota composition and adipose tissue thermogenic program (including BAT activity and browning of WAT) in both physiological and stress conditions. Specifically, we reviewed the effects of fasting, caloric restriction, cold stress and metabolic endotoxemia on both browning and gut microbiota shifts. Mechanistically speaking, processes related to bile acid metabolism and the endocannabinoid system seem to play an important role. In summary, the gut microbiota seems to impact WAT and BAT physiology at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Fernandez-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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6
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Computational data of phytoconstituents from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis on various anti-obesity targets. Data Brief 2019; 24:103994. [PMID: 31193691 PMCID: PMC6538924 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular docking analysis of twenty two phytoconstituents from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, against seven targets of obesity like pancreatic lipase, fat and obesity protein (FTO protein), cannabinoid receptor, hormones as ghrelin, leptin and protein as SCH1 and MCH1 is detailed in this data article. Chemical structures of phytoconstituents were downloaded from PubChem and protein structures were retrieved from RCSB protein databank. Docking was performed using FlexX software Lead IT version 2.3.2; Bio Solved IT. Visualization and analysis was done by Schrodinger maestro software. The docking score and interactions with important amino acids were analyzed and compared with marketed drug, orlistat. The findings suggest exploitation of best ligands experimentally to develop novel anti-obesity agent.
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7
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Chen HF, Hsu CM, Huang YS. CPEB2-dependent translation of long 3'-UTR Ucp1 mRNA promotes thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201899071. [PMID: 30177570 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of mitochondrial proton transporter uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is essential for mammalian thermogenesis. While human UCP1 mRNA exists in a long form only, alternative polyadenylation creates two different isoforms in mice with 10% of UCP1 mRNA found in the long form (Ucp1L) and ~90% in the short form (Ucp1S). We generated a mouse model expressing only Ucp1S and found that it showed impaired thermogenesis due to a 60% drop in UCP1 protein levels, suggesting that Ucp1L is more efficiently translated than Ucp1S. In addition, we found that β3 adrenergic receptor signaling promoted the translation of mouse Ucp1L and human Ucp1 in a manner dependent on cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 2 (CPEB2). CPEB2-knockout mice showed reduced UCP1 levels and impaired thermogenesis in BAT, which was rescued by ectopic expression of CPEB2. Hence, long 3'-UTR Ucp1 mRNA translation activated by CPEB2 is likely conserved and important in humans to produce UCP1 for thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Feng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ming Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuian Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Baldassini WA, Ramsey JJ, Hagopian K, Lanna DPD. The influence of Shc proteins and high-fat diet on energy metabolism of mice. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 35:527-537. [PMID: 29243276 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if Shc proteins influence the metabolic response to acute (7 days) feeding of a high-fat diet (HFD). To this end, whole animal energy expenditure (EE) and substrate oxidation were measured in the Shc knockout (ShcKO) and wild-type (WT) mice fed a control or HFD. The activities of enzymes of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, electron transport chain (ETC), and β-oxidation were also investigated in liver and skeletal muscle of ShcKO and WT animals. The study showed that ShcKO increases (P < .05) EE adjusted for either total body weight or lean mass. This change in EE could contribute to decreases in weight gain in ShcKO versus WT mice fed an HFD. Thus, our results indicate that Shc proteins should be considered as potential targets for developing interventions to mitigate weight gain on HFD by stimulating EE. Although decreased levels of Shc proteins influenced the activity of some enzymes in response to high-fat feeding (eg, increasing the activity of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase), it did not produce concerted changes in enzymes of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, or the ETC. The physiological significance of observed changes in select enzyme activities remains to be determined. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY We report higher EE in ShcKO versus WT mice when consuming the HFD. Although decreased levels of Shc proteins influenced the activity of a central enzyme of β-oxidation in response to high-fat feeding, it did not produce concerted changes in enzymes of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, or the ETC. Thus, an increase in EE in response to consumption of an HFD may be a mechanism that leads to decreased weight gain previously reported in ShcKO mice with long-term consumption of an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Baldassini
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J J Ramsey
- Veterinary Medicine, Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis (UC DAVIS), Davis, CA, USA
| | - K Hagopian
- Veterinary Medicine, Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis (UC DAVIS), Davis, CA, USA
| | - D P D Lanna
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Datta S, He G, Tomilov A, Sahdeo S, Denison MS, Cortopassi G. In Vitro Evaluation of Mitochondrial Function and Estrogen Signaling in Cell Lines Exposed to the Antiseptic Cetylpyridinium Chloride. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:087015. [PMID: 28885978 PMCID: PMC5783672 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quaternary ammonium salts (QUATS), such as cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and benzalkonium chloride (BAK), are frequently used in antiseptic formulations, including toothpastes, mouthwashes, lozenges, throat and nasal sprays, and as biocides. Although in a recent ruling, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned CPC from certain products and requested more data on BAK's efficacy and safety profile, QUATS, in general, and CPC and BAK, in particular, continue to be used in personal health care, food, and pharmaceutical and cleaning industries. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess CPC's effects on mitochondrial toxicity and endocrine disruption in vitro. METHOD Mitochondrial O2 consumption and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis rates of osteosarcoma cybrid cells were measured before and after CPC and BAK treatment. Antiestrogenic effects of the compounds were measured by a luciferase-based assay using recombinant human breast carcinoma cells (VM7Luc4E2, ERalpha-positive). RESULTS CPC inhibited both mitochondrial O2 consumption [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 3.8μM] and ATP synthesis (IC50: 0.9μM), and additional findings supported inhibition of mitochondrial complex 1 as the underlying mechanism for these effects. In addition, CPC showed concentration-dependent antiestrogenic activity half maximal effective concentration [(EC50): 4.5μM)]. BAK, another antimicrobial QUATS that is structurally similar to CPC, and the pesticide rotenone, a known complex 1 inhibitor, also showed mitochondrial inhibitory and antiestrogenic effects. In all three cases, there was overlap of the antiestrogenic activity with the mitochondrial inhibitory activity. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial inhibition in vitro occurred at a CPC concentration that may be relevant to human exposures. The antiestrogenic activity of CPC, BAK, rotenone, and triclosan may be related to their mitochondrial inhibitory activity. Our findings support the need for additional research on the mitochondrial inhibitory and antiestrogenic effects of QUATS, including CPC and BAK. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1404.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Datta
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Guochun He
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California , Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Alexey Tomilov
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sunil Sahdeo
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California , Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gino Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, Davis, California, USA
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10
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Datta S, Baudouin C, Brignole-Baudouin F, Denoyer A, Cortopassi GA. The Eye Drop Preservative Benzalkonium Chloride Potently Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Preferentially Affects LHON Mutant Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:2406-2412. [PMID: 28444329 PMCID: PMC5407244 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is the most commonly used eye drop preservative. Benzalkonium chloride has been associated with toxic effects such as "dry eye" and trabecular meshwork degeneration, but the underlying biochemical mechanism of ocular toxicity by BAK is unclear. In this study, we propose a mechanistic basis for BAK's adverse effects. Method Mitochondrial O2 consumption rates of human corneal epithelial primary cells (HCEP), osteosarcoma cybrid cells carrying healthy (control) or Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) mutant mtDNA [11778(G>A)], were measured before and after acute treatment with BAK. Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and cell viability were also measured in the BAK-treated control: LHON mutant and human-derived trabecular meshwork cells (HTM3). Results Benzalkonium chloride inhibited mitochondrial ATP (IC50, 5.3 μM) and O2 consumption (IC50, 10.9 μM) in a concentration-dependent manner, by directly targeting mitochondrial complex I. At its pharmaceutical concentrations (107-667 μM), BAK inhibited mitochondrial function >90%. In addition, BAK elicited concentration-dependent cytotoxicity to cybrid cells (IC50, 22.8 μM) and induced apoptosis in HTM3 cells at similar concentrations. Furthermore, we show that BAK directly inhibits mitochondrial O2 consumption in HCEP cells (IC50, 3.8 μM) at 50-fold lower concentrations than used in eye drops, and that cells bearing mitochondrial blindness (LHON) mutations are further sensitized to BAK's mitotoxic effect. Conclusions Benzalkonium chloride inhibits mitochondria of human corneal epithelial cells and cells bearing LHON mutations at pharmacologically relevant concentrations, and we suggest this is the basis of BAK's ocular toxicity. Prescribing BAK-containing eye drops should be avoided in patients with mitochondrial deficiency, including LHON patients, LHON carriers, and possibly primary open-angle glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Datta
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France 3CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC, Paris, France 4Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines UVSQ, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Francoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France 3CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC, Paris, France 5Université Sorbonne Paris Cité USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Denoyer
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France 3CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC, Paris, France
| | - Gino A Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
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Abstract
Tissue cells continually monitor anchorage conditions by gauging the physical properties of their underlying matrix and surrounding environment. The Rho and Ras GTPases are essential components of these mechanosensory pathways. These molecular switches control both cytoskeletal as well as cell fate responses to anchorage conditions and are thus critical to our understanding of how cells respond to their physical environment and, by extension, how malignant cells gainsay these regulatory pathways. Recent studies indicate that 2 proteins produced by the SHC1 gene, thought for the most part to functionally oppose each other, collaborate in their ability to respond to mechanical force by initiating respective Rho and Ras signals. In this review, we focus on the coupling of Shc and GTPases in the cellular response to mechanical anchorage signals, with emphasis on its relevance for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance S Terada
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Pulmonary and Critical Care, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
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12
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Nagaraj R, Sharpley MS, Chi F, Braas D, Zhou Y, Kim R, Clark AT, Banerjee U. Nuclear Localization of Mitochondrial TCA Cycle Enzymes as a Critical Step in Mammalian Zygotic Genome Activation. Cell 2017; 168:210-223.e11. [PMID: 28086092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional control requires epigenetic changes directed by mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. In the mouse embryo, global epigenetic changes occur during zygotic genome activation (ZGA) at the 2-cell stage. Pyruvate is essential for development beyond this stage, which is at odds with the low activity of mitochondria in this period. We now show that a number of enzymatically active mitochondrial enzymes associated with the TCA cycle are essential for epigenetic remodeling and are transiently and partially localized to the nucleus. Pyruvate is essential for this nuclear localization, and a failure of TCA cycle enzymes to enter the nucleus correlates with loss of specific histone modifications and a block in ZGA. At later stages, however, these enzymes are exclusively mitochondrial. In humans, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase is transiently nuclear at the 4/8-cell stage coincident with timing of human embryonic genome activation, suggesting a conserved metabolic control mechanism underlying early pre-implantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Nagaraj
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark S Sharpley
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fangtao Chi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Braas
- UCLA Center for Metabolomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rachel Kim
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amander T Clark
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Utpal Banerjee
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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13
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Turcatel G, Millette K, Thornton M, Leguizamon S, Grubbs B, Shi W, Warburton D. Cartilage rings contribute to the proper embryonic tracheal epithelial differentiation, metabolism, and expression of inflammatory genes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 312:L196-L207. [PMID: 27941074 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00127.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling cross talk between the tracheal mesenchyme and epithelium has not been researched extensively, leaving a substantial gap of knowledge in the mechanisms dictating embryonic development of the proximal airways by the adjacent mesenchyme. Recently, we reported that embryos lacking mesenchymal expression of Sox9 did not develop tracheal cartilage rings and showed aberrant differentiation of the tracheal epithelium. Here, we propose that tracheal cartilage provides local inductive signals responsible for the proper differentiation, metabolism, and inflammatory status regulation of the tracheal epithelium. The tracheal epithelium of mesenchyme-specific Sox9Δ/Δ mutant embryos showed altered mRNA expression of various epithelial markers such as Pb1fa1, surfactant protein B (Sftpb), secretoglobulin, family 1A, member 1 (Scgb1a1), and trefoil factor 1 (Tff1). In vitro tracheal epithelial cell cultures confirmed that tracheal chondrocytes secrete factors that inhibit club cell differentiation. Whole gene expression profiling and ingenuity pathway analysis showed that the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathways were significantly altered in the Sox9 mutant trachea. TNF-α and IFN-γ interfered with the differentiation of tracheal epithelial progenitor cells into mature epithelial cell types in vitro. Mesenchymal knockout of Tgf-β1 in vivo resulted in altered differentiation of the tracheal epithelium. Finally, mitochondrial enzymes involved in fat and glycogen metabolism, cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIIb (Cox8b) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 1 (Cox7a1), were strongly upregulated in the Sox9 mutant trachea, resulting in increases in the number and size of glycogen storage vacuoles. Our results support a role for tracheal cartilage in modulation of the differentiation and metabolism and the expression of inflammatory-related genes in the tracheal epithelium by feeding into the TNF-α, IFN-γ, and TGF-β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Turcatel
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Katelyn Millette
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew Thornton
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Brendan Grubbs
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wei Shi
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and Keck School of Medicine, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Warburton
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and Keck School of Medicine, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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14
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Tomilov A, Tomilova N, Shan Y, Hagopian K, Bettaieb A, Kim K, Pelicci PG, Haj F, Ramsey J, Cortopassi G. p46Shc Inhibits Thiolase and Lipid Oxidation in Mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12575-12585. [PMID: 27059956 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.695577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the p46Shc isoform has been known to be mitochondrially localized for 11 years, its function in mitochondria has been a mystery. We confirmed p46Shc to be mitochondrially localized and showed that the major mitochondrial partner of p46Shc is the lipid oxidation enzyme 3-ketoacylCoA thiolase ACAA2, to which p46Shc binds directly and with a strong affinity. Increasing p46Shc expression inhibits, and decreasing p46Shc stimulates enzymatic activity of thiolase in vitro Thus, we suggest p46Shc to be a negative mitochondrial thiolase activity regulator, and reduction of p46Shc expression activates thiolase. This is the first demonstration of a protein that directly binds and controls thiolase activity. Thiolase was thought previously only to be regulated by metabolite balance and steady-state flux control. Thiolase is the last enzyme of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation spiral, and thus is important for energy metabolism. Mice with reduction of p46Shc are lean, resist obesity, have higher lipid oxidation capacity, and increased thiolase activity. The thiolase-p46Shc connection shown here in vitro and in organello may be an important underlying mechanism explaining the metabolic phenotype of Shc-depleted mice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Tomilov
- Department of ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, California 95616
| | - Natalia Tomilova
- Department of ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, California 95616
| | - Yuxi Shan
- Department of ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, California 95616
| | - Kevork Hagopian
- Department of ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, California 95616; Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, California 95616 and
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, California 95616
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, California 95616; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, California 95616
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IFOM-IEO, Via Adamello, 1620139 Milan, Italy
| | - Fawaz Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, California 95616 and
| | - Jon Ramsey
- Department of ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, California 95616; Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, California 95616 and
| | - Gino Cortopassi
- Department of ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, California 95616.
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