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Satyanarayanan SK, Han Z, Xiao J, Yuan Q, Yung WH, Ke Y, Chang RCC, Zhu MH, Su H, Su KP, Qin D, Lee SMY. Frontiers of Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment: Targeting Immune Cells in Brain Border Regions. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 123:483-499. [PMID: 39378973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) demonstrate a complex interaction with the immune system, challenging the traditional view of the brain as an "immune-privileged" organ. Microglia were once considered the sole guardians of the brain's immune response. However, recent research has revealed the critical role of peripheral immune cells located in key brain regions like the meninges, choroid plexus, and perivascular spaces. These previously overlooked cells are now recognized as contributors to the development and progression of NDs. This newfound understanding opens doors for pioneering therapeutic strategies. By targeting these peripheral immune cells, we may be able to modulate the brain's immune environment, offering an alternative approach to treat NDs and circumvent the challenges posed by the blood-brain barrier. This comprehensive review will scrutinize the latest findings on the complex interactions between these peripheral immune cells and NDs. It will also critically assess the prospects of targeting these cells as a ground-breaking therapeutic avenue for these debilitating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zixu Han
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingwei Xiao
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Ho Yung
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria Huachen Zhu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kuan Pin Su
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Suki Man Yan Lee
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China; School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Lu J, Zhao XJ, Ruan Y, Liu XJ, Di X, Xu R, Wang JY, Qian MY, Jin HM, Li WJ, Shen X. Desloratadine ameliorates paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy and hypersensitivity reactions in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:2061-2076. [PMID: 38789495 PMCID: PMC11420356 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) serves as a primary chemotherapy agent against diverse solid tumors including breast cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer and ovarian cancer, having severe adverse effects including PTX-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) and hypersensitivity reactions (HSR). A recommended anti-allergic agent diphenhydramine (DIP) has been used to alleviate PTX-induced HSR. Desloratadine (DLT) is a third generation of histamine H1 receptor antagonist, but also acted as a selective antagonist of 5HTR2A. In this study we investigated whether DLT ameliorated PIPN-like symptoms in mice and the underlying mechanisms. PIPN was induced in male mice by injection of PTX (4 mg/kg, i.p.) every other day for 4 times. The mice exhibited 50% reduction in mechanical threshold, paw thermal response latency and paw cold response latency compared with control mice. PIPN mice were treated with DLT (10, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before each PTX administration in the phase of establishing PIPN mice model and then administered daily for 4 weeks after the model was established. We showed that DLT administration dose-dependently elevated the mechanical, thermal and cold pain thresholds in PIPN mice, whereas administration of DIP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) had no ameliorative effects on PIPN-like symptoms. We found that the expression of 5HTR2A was selectively elevated in the activated spinal astrocytes of PIPN mice. Spinal cord-specific 5HTR2A knockdown by intrathecal injection of AAV9-5Htr2a-shRNA significantly alleviated the mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal and cold hypersensitivity in PIPN mice, while administration of DLT (20 mg/kg) did not further ameliorate PIPN-like symptoms. We demonstrated that DLT administration alleviated dorsal root ganglion neuronal damage and suppressed sciatic nerve destruction, spinal neuron apoptosis and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord of PIPN mice. Furthermore, we revealed that DLT administration suppressed astrocytic neuroinflammation via the 5HTR2A/c-Fos/NLRP3 pathway and blocked astrocyte-neuron crosstalk by targeting 5HTR2A. We conclude that spinal 5HTR2A inhibition holds promise as a therapeutic approach for PIPN and we emphasize the potential of DLT as a dual-functional agent in ameliorating PTX-induced both PIPN and HSR in chemotherapy. In summary, we determined that spinal 5HTR2A was selectively activated in PIPN mice and DLT could ameliorate the PTX-induced both PIPN- and HSR-like pathologies in mice. DLT alleviated the damages of DRG neurons and sciatic nerves, while restrained spinal neuronal apoptosis and CGRP release in PIPN mice. The underlying mechanisms were intensively investigated by assay against the PIPN mice with 5HTR2A-specific knockdown in the spinal cord by injection of adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-5Htr2a-shRNA. DLT inhibited astrocytic NLRP3 inflammasome activation-mediated spinal neuronal damage through 5HTR2A/c-FOS pathway. Our findings have supported that spinal 5HTR2A inhibition shows promise as a therapeutic strategy for PIPN and highlighted the potential advantage of DLT as a dual-functional agent in preventing against PTX-induced both PIPN and HSR effects in anticancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xue-Jian Zhao
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Liu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xuan Di
- School of Pharmacy, Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Ying Wang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min-Yi Qian
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Ming Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xu Shen
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Junyi L, Yueyang W, Bin L, Xiaohong D, Wenhui C, Ning Z, Hong Z. Gut Microbiota Mediates Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Unraveling Key Factors and Mechanistic Insights. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04513-w. [PMID: 39317889 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04513-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, the complex community of microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a key player in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neuronal loss, associated with the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation in the brain. Increasing evidence suggests that alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, may contribute to the development and progression of AD by modulating neuroinflammation, a chronic and maladaptive immune response in the central nervous system. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the current role of the gut microbiota in regulating neuroinflammation and glial cell function in AD. Its objective is to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD and to discuss the potential advantages and challenges of using gut microbiota modulation as a novel approach for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Junyi
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wang Yueyang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Liu Bin
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Dong Xiaohong
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Cai Wenhui
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhang Ning
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhang Hong
- Heilongjiang Jiamusi Central Hospital, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Wu X, Zhu X, Pan Y, Gu X, Liu X, Chen S, Zhang Y, Xu T, Xu N, Sun S. Amygdala neuronal dyshomeostasis via 5-HT receptors mediates mood and cognitive defects in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14187. [PMID: 38716507 PMCID: PMC11320345 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Behavioral changes or neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common features in dementia and are associated with accelerated cognitive impairment and earlier deaths. However, how NPSs are intertwined with cognitive decline remains elusive. In this study, we identify that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a key brain region that is associated with mood disorders and memory decline in the AD course. During the process from pre- to post-onset in AD, the dysfunction of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons and pyramidal neurons in the amygdala leads to hyperactivity of pyramidal neurons in the basal state and insensitivity to external stimuli. We further demonstrate that serotonin (5-HT) receptors in distinct neurons synergistically regulate the BLA microcircuit of AD rather than 5-HT levels, in which both restrained inhibitory inputs by excessive 5-HT1AR signaling in PV interneurons and depolarized pyramidal neurons via upregulated 5-HT2AR contribute to aberrant neuronal hyperactivity. Downregulation of these two 5-HT receptors simultaneously enables neurons to resist β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) neurotoxicity and ameliorates the mood and cognitive defects. Therefore, our study reveals a crucial role of 5-HT receptors for regulating neuronal homeostasis in AD pathogenesis, and this would provide early intervention and potential targets for AD cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Rong Wu
- Department of NeurologyInstitute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao‐Na Zhu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuan‐Bo Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xue Gu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xian‐Dong Liu
- Department of NeurologyInstitute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tian‐Le Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Nan‐Jie Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective DisordersShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Suya Sun
- Department of NeurologyInstitute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Dong Q, Fu H, Jiang H. The role of exosome-shuttled miRNAs in heavy metal-induced peripheral tissues and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116880. [PMID: 38850652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal-induced neuroinflammation is a significant pathophysiologic mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. Multiple miRNAs are differentially expressed in peripheral tissues after heavy metal exposure, and increasing evidence suggests that they are involved in AD progression by regulating microglial homeostasis. Exosomes, which are capable of loading miRNAs and crossing the bloodbrain barrier, serve as mediators of communication between peripheral tissues and the brain. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the link between miRNAs in peripheral tissues and neuroinflammation in AD after heavy metal exposure and propose a role for miRNAs in the microglial neurodegenerative phenotype (MGnD) of AD. This study will help to elucidate the link between peripheral tissue damage and MGnD-mediated neuroinflammation in AD after heavy metal exposure. Additionally, we summarize the regulatory effects of natural compounds on peripheral tissue-derived miRNAs, which could be potential therapeutic targets for natural compounds to regulate peripheral tissue-derived exosomal miRNAs to ameliorate heavy metal-induced MGnD-mediated neuroinflammation in patients with AD after heavy metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| | - Huanyong Fu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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OuYang Y, Chen B, Yi J, Zhou S, Liu Y, Tian F, Zeng F, Xiao L, Liu B. Study on the molecular mechanisms of Liuwei Dihuang decoction against aging-related cognitive impairment based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32526. [PMID: 38961903 PMCID: PMC11219498 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Based on network pharmacology and experimental validation, this study aimed to screen the potential targets of Liuwei Dihuang decoction (LW) against mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Based on network pharmacology, this study preliminarily explored the targets and molecular mechanisms of LW in the treatment of MCI. The results showed that the mechanism of action of LW against MCI may be related to the cAMP pathway. Then, an aging cell and animal model was established to further verify its molecular mechanism. Results A total of 23 active ingredients were identified in LW. In addition, through network pharmacological analysis, we found 22 anti-MCI active ingredients in LW, of which alisol B had the most significant effect, and predicted the potential mechanism pathway by which LW may improve MCI through the cAMP signaling pathway. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that LW can alleviate cognitive dysfunction in aging mice and reduce D-galactose-induced senescent cells, which may be through activation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway. Conclusion This study found that the traditional Chinese medicine formula LW may play a role in improving MCI by regulating the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway, which provides a reference for further clinical research on the anti-MCI effect of LW and its molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin OuYang
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Bowei Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jian Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Siqian Zhou
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Yingfei Liu
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Fengming Tian
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Fanzuo Zeng
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Baiyan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Baker JS, Davison GW, Yan X. Redox signaling and skeletal muscle adaptation during aerobic exercise. iScience 2024; 27:109643. [PMID: 38650987 PMCID: PMC11033207 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox regulation is a fundamental physiological phenomenon related to oxygen-dependent metabolism, and skeletal muscle is mainly regarded as a primary site for oxidative phosphorylation. Several studies have revealed the importance of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the signaling process relating to muscle adaptation during exercise. To date, improving knowledge of redox signaling in modulating exercise adaptation has been the subject of comprehensive work and scientific inquiry. The primary aim of this review is to elucidate the molecular and biochemical pathways aligned to RONS as activators of skeletal muscle adaptation and to further identify the interconnecting mechanisms controlling redox balance. We also discuss the RONS-mediated pathways during the muscle adaptive process, including mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle remodeling, vascular angiogenesis, neuron regeneration, and the role of exogenous antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsong Zhou
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Wealth Management, Ningbo University of Finance and Economics, Ningbo, China
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Gareth W. Davison
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 IED, UK
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Specht T, Seifert R. Repurposing of H 1-receptor antagonists (levo)cetirizine, (des)loratadine, and fexofenadine as a case study for systematic analysis of trials on clinicaltrials.gov using semi-automated processes with custom-coded software. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2995-3018. [PMID: 37870580 PMCID: PMC11074024 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
To gain a comprehensive overview of the landscape of clinical trials for the H1-receptor antagonists (H1R antagonists) cetirizine, levocetirizine, loratadine, desloratadine, and fexofenadine and their potential use cases in drug repurposing (the use of well-known drugs outside the scope of the original medical indication), we analyzed trials from clincialtrials.gov using novel custom-coded software, which itself is also a key emphasis of this paper. To automate data acquisition from clincialtrials.gov via its API, data processing, and storage, we created custom software by leveraging a variety of open-source tools. Data were stored in a relational database and annotated facilitating a specially adapted web application. Through the data analysis, we identified use cases for repurposing and reviewed backgrounds and results in the scientific literature. Even though we found very few trials with published results for repurpose indications, extended literature research revealed some prominent use cases: Cetirizine seems promising in mitigating infusion-associated reactions and is also more effective than placebo in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Loratadine may be beneficial in the prophylaxis of G-CSF-related bone pain. In COVID-19, H1R antagonists may be helpful, but placebo-controlled scientific evidence is needed. For asthma, the effect of H1R antagonists only seems to be secondary by alleviating allergy symptoms. Our novel method to find potential use cases for repurposing of H1R antagonists allows for high automation, reduces human error, and was successful in revealing potential areas of interest. The software could be used for similar research questions and analyses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Specht
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Pharmacology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Pharmacology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Lu J, He AX, Jin ZY, Zhang M, Li ZX, Zhou F, Ma L, Jin HM, Wang JY, Shen X. Desloratadine alleviates ALS-like pathology in hSOD1 G93A mice via targeting 5HTR 2A on activated spinal astrocytes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:926-944. [PMID: 38286832 PMCID: PMC11053015 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with progressive loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, cerebral cortex and brain stem. ALS is characterized by gradual muscle atrophy and dyskinesia. The limited knowledge on the pathology of ALS has impeded the development of therapeutics for the disease. Previous studies have shown that autophagy and astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of ALS, while 5HTR2A participates in the early stage of astrocyte activation, and 5HTR2A antagonism may suppress astrocyte activation. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of desloratadine (DLT), a selective 5HTR2A antagonist, in human SOD1G93A (hSOD1G93A) ALS model mice, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. HSOD1G93A mice were administered DLT (20 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) from the age of 8 weeks for 10 weeks or until death. ALS onset time and lifespan were determined using rotarod and righting reflex tests, respectively. We found that astrocyte activation accompanying with serotonin receptor 2 A (5HTR2A) upregulation in the spinal cord was tightly associated with ALS-like pathology, which was effectively attenuated by DLT administration. We showed that DLT administration significantly delayed ALS symptom onset time, prolonged lifespan and ameliorated movement disorders, gastrocnemius injury and spinal motor neuronal loss in hSOD1G93A mice. Spinal cord-specific knockdown of 5HTR2A by intrathecal injection of adeno-associated virus9 (AAV9)-si-5Htr2a also ameliorated ALS pathology in hSOD1G93A mice, and occluded the therapeutic effects of DLT administration. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DLT administration promoted autophagy to reduce mutant hSOD1 levels through 5HTR2A/cAMP/AMPK pathway, suppressed oxidative stress through 5HTR2A/cAMP/AMPK/Nrf2-HO-1/NQO-1 pathway, and inhibited astrocyte neuroinflammation through 5HTR2A/cAMP/AMPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in the spinal cord of hSOD1G93A mice. In summary, 5HTR2A antagonism shows promise as a therapeutic strategy for ALS, highlighting the potential of DLT in the treatment of the disease. DLT as a 5HTR2A antagonist effectively promoted autophagy to reduce mutant hSOD1 level through 5HTR2A/cAMP/AMPK pathway, suppressed oxidative stress through 5HTR2A/cAMP/AMPK/Nrf2-HO-1/NQO-1 pathway, and inhibited astrocytic neuroinflammation through 5HTR2A/cAMP/AMPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in the spinal cord of hSOD1G93A mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - An-Xu He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhuo-Ying Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhong-Xin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Ming Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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10
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Phelps J, Kumar R, Robinson JD, Chu JCK, Flodén NJ, Beaton S, Gaunt MJ. Multicomponent Synthesis of α-Branched Amines via a Zinc-Mediated Carbonyl Alkylative Amination Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9045-9062. [PMID: 38488310 PMCID: PMC10996026 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Methods for the synthesis of α-branched alkylamines are important due to their ubiquity in biologically active molecules. Despite the development of many methods for amine preparation, C(sp3)-rich nitrogen-containing compounds continue to pose challenges for synthesis. While carbonyl reductive amination (CRA) between ketones and alkylamines is the cornerstone method for α-branched alkylamine synthesis, it is sometimes limited by the sterically demanding condensation step between dialkyl ketones and amines and the more restricted availability of ketones compared to aldehydes. We recently reported a "higher-order" variant of this transformation, carbonyl alkylative amination (CAA), which utilized a halogen atom transfer (XAT)-mediated radical mechanism, enabling the streamlined synthesis of complex α-branched alkylamines. Despite the efficacy of this visible-light-driven approach, it displayed scalability issues, and competitive reductive amination was a problem for certain substrate classes, limiting applicability. Here, we report a change in the reaction regime that expands the CAA platform through the realization of an extremely broad zinc-mediated CAA reaction. This new strategy enabled elimination of competitive CRA, simplified purification, and improved reaction scope. Furthermore, this new reaction harnessed carboxylic acid derivatives as alkyl donors and facilitated the synthesis of α-trialkyl tertiary amines, which cannot be accessed via CRA. This Zn-mediated CAA reaction can be carried out at a variety of scales, from a 10 μmol setup in microtiter plates enabling high-throughput experimentation, to the gram-scale synthesis of medicinally-relevant compounds. We believe that this transformation enables robust, efficient, and economical access to α-branched alkylamines and provides a viable alternative to the current benchmark methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nils J. Flodén
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Beaton
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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11
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Liang J, Wang Y, Liu B, Dong X, Cai W, Zhang N, Zhang H. Deciphering the intricate linkage between the gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease: Elucidating mechanistic pathways promising therapeutic strategies. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14704. [PMID: 38584341 PMCID: PMC10999574 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome is composed of various microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and constitutes an important part of the human gut. Its composition is closely related to human health and disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease whose underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Recent research has shown that there are significant differences in the gut microbiota between AD patients and healthy individuals. Changes in the composition of gut microbiota may lead to the development of harmful factors associated with AD. In addition, the gut microbiota may play a role in the development and progression of AD through the gut-brain axis. However, the exact nature of this relationship has not been fully understood. AIMS This review will elucidate the types and functions of gut microbiota and their relationship with AD and explore in depth the potential mechanisms of gut microbiota in the occurrence of AD and the prospects for treatment strategies. METHODS Reviewed literature from PubMed and Web of Science using key terminologies related to AD and the gut microbiome. RESULTS Research indicates that the gut microbiota can directly or indirectly influence the occurrence and progression of AD through metabolites, endotoxins, and the vagus nerve. DISCUSSION This review discusses the future challenges and research directions regarding the gut microbiota in AD. CONCLUSION While many unresolved issues remain regarding the gut microbiota and AD, the feasibility and immense potential of treating AD by modulating the gut microbiota are evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Liang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Yueyang Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Bin Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaohong Dong
- Jiamusi CollegeHeilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJiamusiHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Wenhui Cai
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Ning Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Hong Zhang
- Heilongjiang Jiamusi Central HospitalJiamusiHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
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12
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Liu H, Guo D, Wang J, Zhang W, Zhu Z, Zhu K, Bi S, Pan P, Liang G. Aloe-emodin from Sanhua Decoction inhibits neuroinflammation by regulating microglia polarization after subarachnoid hemorrhage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117583. [PMID: 38122912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) triggers a cascade of events that lead to early brain injury (EBI), which contributes to poor outcomes and appears within 3 days after SAH initiation. EBI involves multiple process including neuronal death, blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury and inflammation response. Microglia are cluster of immune cells originating in the brain which respond to SAH by changing their states and releasing inflammatory molecules through various signaling pathways. M0, M1, M2 are three states of microglia represent resting state, promoting inflammation state, and anti-inflammation state respectively, which can be modulated by pharmacological strategies. AIM OF THE STUDY After identified potential active ingredients and targets of Sanhua Decoction (SHD) for SAH, we selected aloe-emodin (AE) as a potential ingredient modulating microglia activation states. MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular mechanisms, targets and pathways of SHD were reveal by network pharmacology technique. The effects of AE on SAH were evaluated in vivo by assessing neurological deficits, neuronal apoptosis and BBB integrity in a mouse SAH model. Furthermore, BV-2 cells were used to examine the effects of AE on microglial polarization. The influence of AE on microglia transformation was measured by Iba-1, TNF-α, CD68, Arg-1 and CD206 staining. The signal pathways of neuronal apoptosis and microglia polarization was measured by Western blot. RESULTS Network pharmacology identified potential active ingredients and targets of SHD for SAH. And AE is one of the active ingredients. We also confirmed that AE via NF-κB and PKA/CREB pathway inhibited the microglia activation and promoted transformation from M1 phenotype to M2 at EBI stage after SAH. CONCLUSIONS AE, as one ingredient of SHD, can alleviate the inflammatory response and protecting neurons from SAH-induced injury. AE has potential value for treating SAH-induced nerve injury and is expected to be applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of First Outpatients, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui, China
| | - Wenxu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zechao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Kunyuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Shijun Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengyu Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
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13
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Liu Y, Liu Q, Wang H, Qiu Y, Lin J, Wu W, Wang N, Dong W, Wan J, Chen C, Li S, Zheng H, Wu Y. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity injury mediated by SIRT1 downregulation is involved in chronic pain-related cognitive dysfunction. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14410. [PMID: 37592394 PMCID: PMC10848102 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cognitive dysfunction associated with chronic pain may be caused by impaired synaptic plasticity. Considering the impact of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) on synaptic plasticity, we explored the exact role of SIRT1 in cognitive impairment caused by chronic pain. METHODS We evaluated the memory ability of mice with the fear conditioning test (FCT) after spared nerve injury (SNI) model. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the expression levels of SIRT1. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity was detected with Golgi staining, transmission electron microscopy, and long-term potentiation (LTP). In the intervention study, AAV9-CaMKIIα-Cre-EGFP was injected to SIRT1flox/flox mice to knockdown the expression levels of SIRT1. Besides, SNI mice were injected with AAV2/9-CaMKIIα-SIRT1-3*Flag-GFP or SRT1720 to increase the expression levels or enzymatic activity of SIRT1. RESULTS Our current results indicated that cognitive function in SNI mice was impaired, SIRT1 expression in glutaminergic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area was downregulated, and synaptic plasticity was altered. Selective knockdown of SIRT1 in hippocampus damaged synaptic plasticity and cognitive function of healthy mice. In addition, the impaired synaptic plasticity and cognitive dysfunction of SNI mice could be improved by the upregulation of SIRT1 expression or enzyme activity. CONCLUSIONS Reduced SIRT1 expression in hippocampus of SNI mice may induce cognitive impairment associated with chronic pain by mediating the impaired synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Qiang Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Haibi Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Yongkang Qiu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Jiatao Lin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Ning Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Wei Dong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Jie Wan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
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14
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Guan Y, Tang G, Li L, Shu J, Zhao Y, Huang L, Tang J. Herbal medicine and gut microbiota: exploring untapped therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disease management. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:146-164. [PMID: 38225532 PMCID: PMC10830735 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota that exists in the human gastrointestinal tract is incredibly important for the maintenance of general health as it contributes to multiple aspects of host physiology. Recent research has revealed a dynamic connection between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, that can influence neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Indeed, imbalances in the gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, play a vital role in the pathogenesis and progression of human diseases, particularly NDs. Herbal medicine has been used for centuries to treat human diseases, including NDs. These compounds help to relieve symptoms and delay the progression of NDs by improving intestinal barrier function, reducing neuroinflammation, and modulating neurotransmitter production. Notably, herbal medicine can mitigate the progression of NDs by regulating the gut microbiota. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the potential mechanisms by which herbal medicine regulates the gut microbiota in the treatment of NDs can help explain the pathogenesis of NDs from a novel perspective and propose novel therapeutic strategies for NDs. In this review, we investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of herbal medicine, focusing on its ability to regulate the gut microbiota and restore homeostasis. We also highlight the challenges and future research priorities of the integration of herbal medicine and modern medicine. As the global population ages, access to this information is becoming increasingly important for developing effective treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Guan
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Guohua Tang
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jianzhong Shu
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China.
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15
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Del Rosario Hernández T, Gore SV, Kreiling JA, Creton R. Drug repurposing for neurodegenerative diseases using Zebrafish behavioral profiles. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116096. [PMID: 38185043 PMCID: PMC10922774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing can accelerate drug development while reducing the cost and risk of toxicity typically associated with de novo drug design. Several disorders lacking pharmacological solutions and exhibiting poor results in clinical trials - such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) - could benefit from a cost-effective approach to finding new therapeutics. We previously developed a neural network model, Z-LaP Tracker, capable of quantifying behaviors in zebrafish larvae relevant to cognitive function, including activity, reactivity, swimming patterns, and optomotor response in the presence of visual and acoustic stimuli. Using this model, we performed a high-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs to identify compounds that affect zebrafish larval behavior in a manner consistent with the distinct behavior induced by calcineurin inhibitors. Cyclosporine (CsA) and other calcineurin inhibitors have garnered interest for their potential role in the prevention of AD. We generated behavioral profiles suitable for cluster analysis, through which we identified 64 candidate therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sayali V Gore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jill A Kreiling
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Robbert Creton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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16
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Plaza-Zabala A, Sierra A. Studying Autophagy in Microglia: Overcoming the Obstacles. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2713:45-70. [PMID: 37639114 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3437-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we provide an overview of the main techniques and experimental approaches that can be used to analyze autophagy flux in microglia, the brain-resident macrophages. For this purpose, we first briefly introduce the main peculiarities of microglial biology, describe the basic mechanisms and functions of autophagy, and summarize the evidence accumulated so far on the role of autophagy in the regulation of microglial survival and functions, mainly phagocytosis and inflammation. Then, we highlight conceptual and technical aspects of autophagic recycling and microglial physiology that need to be taken into account for the accurate evaluation of autophagy flux in microglia. Finally, we describe the main assays that can be used to analyze the complete sequence of autophagosome formation and degradation or autophagy flux, mainly in cultured microglia and in vivo. The main approaches include indirect tracking of autophagosomes by autophagic enzymes such as LC3 by western blot and fluorescence-based confocal microscopy, as well as direct analysis of autophagic vesicles by electron microscopy. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using these methods in specific experimental contexts and highlight the need to complement LC3 and/or electron microscopy data with analysis of other autophagic effectors and lysosomal proteins that participate in the initiation and completion of autophagy flux, respectively. In summary, we provide an experimental guide for the analysis of autophagosome turnover in microglia, emphasizing the need to combine as many markers and complementary approaches as possible to fully characterize the status of autophagy flux in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Plaza-Zabala
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Amanda Sierra
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
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17
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Hu Z, Luo Y, Zhu J, Jiang D, Luo Z, Wu L, Li J, Peng S, Hu J. Role of the P2 × 7 receptor in neurodegenerative diseases and its pharmacological properties. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:225. [PMID: 38093352 PMCID: PMC10720200 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01161-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases seriously affect patients' physical and mental health, reduce their quality of life, and impose a heavy burden on society. However, their treatment remains challenging. Therefore, exploring factors potentially related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and improving their diagnosis and treatment are urgently needed. Recent studies have shown that P2 × 7R plays a crucial role in regulating neurodegenerative diseases caused by neuroinflammation. P2 × 7R is an adenosine 5'-triphosphate ligand-gated cation channel receptor present in most tissues of the human body. An increase in P2 × 7R levels can affect the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and the inhibition of P2 × 7R can alleviate neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we comprehensively describe the biological characteristics (structure, distribution, and function) of this gene, focusing on its potential association with neurodegenerative diseases, and we discuss the pharmacological effects of drugs (P2 × 7R inhibitors) used to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Hu
- Department of the second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yifan Luo
- Department of the second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jinxi Zhu
- Department of the second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Danling Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhenzhong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Emergency medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Emergency medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Shengliang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Jialing Hu
- Department of Emergency medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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18
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Eremin DV, Kondaurova EM, Rodnyy AY, Molobekova CA, Kudlay DA, Naumenko VS. Serotonin Receptors as a Potential Target in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:2023-2042. [PMID: 38462447 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923120064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide that has an increasing impact on aging societies. Besides its critical role in the control of various physiological functions and behavior, brain serotonin (5-HT) system is involved in the regulation of migration, proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and programmed death of neurons. At the same time, a growing body of evidence indicates the involvement of 5-HT neurotransmission in the formation of insoluble aggregates of β-amyloid and tau protein, the main histopathological signs of AD. The review describes the role of various 5-HT receptors and intracellular signaling cascades induced by them in the pathological processes leading to the development of AD, first of all, in protein aggregation. Changes in the functioning of certain types of 5-HT receptors or associated intracellular signaling mediators prevent accumulation of β-amyloid plaques and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles. Based on the experimental data, it can be suggested that the use of 5-HT receptors as new drug targets will not only improve cognitive performance in AD, but will be also important in treating the causes of AD-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii V Eremin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Elena M Kondaurova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Aleksander Ya Rodnyy
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Camilla A Molobekova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitrii A Kudlay
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Naumenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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19
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Gao C, Jiang J, Tan Y, Chen S. Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:359. [PMID: 37735487 PMCID: PMC10514343 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation is observed in various neurodegenerative diseases. Recent advances in single-cell technologies have revealed that these reactive microglia were with high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Some identified microglia in specific states correlate with pathological hallmarks and are associated with specific functions. Microglia both exert protective function by phagocytosing and clearing pathological protein aggregates and play detrimental roles due to excessive uptake of protein aggregates, which would lead to microglial phagocytic ability impairment, neuroinflammation, and eventually neurodegeneration. In addition, peripheral immune cells infiltration shapes microglia into a pro-inflammatory phenotype and accelerates disease progression. Microglia also act as a mobile vehicle to propagate protein aggregates. Extracellular vesicles released from microglia and autophagy impairment in microglia all contribute to pathological progression and neurodegeneration. Thus, enhancing microglial phagocytosis, reducing microglial-mediated neuroinflammation, inhibiting microglial exosome synthesis and secretion, and promoting microglial conversion into a protective phenotype are considered to be promising strategies for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we comprehensively review the biology of microglia and the roles of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies and Huntington's disease. We also summarize the possible microglia-targeted interventions and treatments against neurodegenerative diseases with preclinical and clinical evidence in cell experiments, animal studies, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
- Lab for Translational Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Luo B. Insights into the advances in therapeutic drugs for neuroinflammation-related diseases. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37722706 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2260088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD are related to neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a common inflammatory condition that can lead to a variety of dysfunction in the body. At present, it is no medications specifically approved to prevent or cure neuroinflammation, so even though many drugs can temporarily control the neurological symptoms of neuroinflammation, but no one can reverse the progress of neuroinflammation, let al.one completely cure neuroinflammation. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new drug development for neuroinflammation treatment. In this review, we highlight the therapeutic advancement in the field of neurodegenerative disorders, by focusing on the impact of neuroinflammation treatment has on these conditions, and the effective drugs for the treatment of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases and their latest research progress are reviewed according to the related signaling pathway, as well as the prospect of their clinical application is also discussed. The purpose of this review is to enable specialists to better understand the mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs, promote the development of therapeutic drugs for neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases, and further provide therapeutic references for clinical neurologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhi Luo
- School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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21
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Hernández TDR, Gore SV, Kreiling JA, Creton R. Finding Drug Repurposing Candidates for Neurodegenerative Diseases using Zebrafish Behavioral Profiles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557235. [PMID: 37745452 PMCID: PMC10515830 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing can accelerate drug development while reducing the cost and risk of toxicity typically associated with de novo drug design. Several disorders lacking pharmacological solutions and exhibiting poor results in clinical trials - such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) - could benefit from a cost-effective approach to finding new therapeutics. We previously developed a neural network model, Z-LaP Tracker, capable of quantifying behaviors in zebrafish larvae relevant to cognitive function, including activity, reactivity, swimming patterns, and optomotor response in the presence of visual and acoustic stimuli. Using this model, we performed a high-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs to identify compounds that affect zebrafish larval behavior in a manner consistent with the distinct behavior induced by calcineurin inhibitors. Cyclosporine (CsA) and other calcineurin inhibitors have garnered interest for their potential role in the prevention of AD. We generated behavioral profiles suitable for cluster analysis, through which we identified 64 candidate therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Del Rosario Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sayali V Gore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jill A Kreiling
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Robbert Creton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Zheng L, Xia J, Ge P, Meng Y, Li W, Li M, Wang M, Song C, Fan Y, Zhou Y. The interrelation of galectins and autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110336. [PMID: 37262957 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital physiological process that maintains intracellular homeostasis by removing damaged organelles and senescent or misfolded molecules. However, excessive autophagy results in cell death and apoptosis, which will lead to a variety of diseases. Galectins are a type of animal lectin that binds to β-galactosides and can bind to the cell surface or extracellular matrix glycans, affecting a variety of immune processes in vivo and being linked to the development of many diseases. In many cases, galectins and autophagy both play important regulatory roles in the cellular life course, yet our understanding of the relationship between them is still incomplete. Galectins and autophagy may share common etiological cofactors for some diseases. Hence, we summarize the relationship between galectins and autophagy, aiming to draw attention to the existence of multiple associations between galectins and autophagy in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, which provide new ideas for etiological diagnosis, drug development, and therapeutic targets for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Jing Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Pengyu Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yuhan Meng
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Weili Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Mingming Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Chengcheng Song
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yuying Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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Lin M, Yu H, Xie Q, Xu Z, Shang P. Role of microglia autophagy and mitophagy in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1100133. [PMID: 37180741 PMCID: PMC10169626 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, characterized by responding to damage, regulating the secretion of soluble inflammatory mediators, and engulfing specific segments in the central nervous system (CNS), function as key immune cells in the CNS. Emerging evidence suggests that microglia coordinate the inflammatory responses in CNS system and play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Remarkably, microglia autophagy participates in the regulation of subcellular substances, which includes the degradation of misfolded proteins and other harmful constituents produced by neurons. Therefore, microglia autophagy regulates neuronal homeostasis maintenance and process of neuroinflammation. In this review, we aimed at highlighting the pivotal role of microglia autophagy in the pathogenesis of age-related NDDs. Besides the mechanistic process and the co-interaction between microglia autophagy and different kinds of NDDs, we also emphasized potential therapeutic agents and approaches that could be utilized at the onset and progression of these diseases through modulating microglia autophagy, including promising nanomedicines. Our review provides a valuable reference for subsequent studies focusing on treatments of neurodegenerative disorders. The exploration of microglia autophagy and the development of nanomedicines greatly enhances current understanding of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Shang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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VanderZwaag J, Halvorson T, Dolhan K, Šimončičová E, Ben-Azu B, Tremblay MÈ. The Missing Piece? A Case for Microglia's Prominent Role in the Therapeutic Action of Anesthetics, Ketamine, and Psychedelics. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1129-1166. [PMID: 36327017 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is much excitement surrounding recent research of promising, mechanistically novel psychotherapeutics - psychedelic, anesthetic, and dissociative agents - as they have demonstrated surprising efficacy in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as mood disorders and addiction. However, the mechanisms by which these drugs provide such profound psychological benefits are still to be fully elucidated. Microglia, the CNS's resident innate immune cells, are emerging as a cellular target for psychiatric disorders because of their critical role in regulating neuroplasticity and the inflammatory environment of the brain. The following paper is a review of recent literature surrounding these neuropharmacological therapies and their demonstrated or hypothesized interactions with microglia. Through investigating the mechanism of action of psychedelics, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide, ketamine, and propofol, we demonstrate a largely under-investigated role for microglia in much of the emerging research surrounding these pharmacological agents. Among others, we detail sigma-1 receptors, serotonergic and γ-aminobutyric acid signalling, and tryptophan metabolism as pathways through which these agents modulate microglial phagocytic activity and inflammatory mediator release, inducing their therapeutic effects. The current review includes a discussion on future directions in the field of microglial pharmacology and covers bidirectional implications of microglia and these novel pharmacological agents in aging and age-related disease, glial cell heterogeneity, and state-of-the-art methodologies in microglial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared VanderZwaag
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Torin Halvorson
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kira Dolhan
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eva Šimončičová
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Institute for Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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Tang C, Wang Q, Shen J, Wang C, Ding H, Wen S, Yang F, Jiao R, Wu X, Li J, Kong L. Neuron stem cell NLRP6 sustains hippocampal neurogenesis to resist stress-induced depression. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2017-2038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
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26
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Zhu DY, Lu J, Xu R, Yang JZ, Meng XR, Ou-Yang XN, Yan QY, Nie RF, Zhao T, Chen YD, Lu Y, Zhang YN, Li WJ, Shen X. FX5, a non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, ameliorates diabetic cognitive impairment in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2495-2510. [PMID: 35260821 PMCID: PMC9525278 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) is a common diabetic complication characterized by learning and memory deficits. In diabetic patients, hyperactivated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis leads to abnormal increase of glucocorticoids (GCs), which causes the damage of hippocampal neurons and cognitive impairment. In this study we investigated the cognition-improving effects of a non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist 5-chloro-N-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]thiophene-2-sulfonamide (FX5) in diabetic mice. Four weeks after T1DM or T2DM was induced, the mice were administered FX5 (20, 40 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) for 8 weeks. Cognitive impairment was assessed in open field test, novel object recognition test, Y-maze test, and Morris water maze test. We showed that FX5 administration significantly ameliorated the cognitive impairments in both type 1 and 2 diabetic mice. Similar cognitive improvement was observed in diabetic mice following brain GR-specific knockdown by injecting AAV-si-GR. Moreover, AAV-si-GR injection occluded the cognition-improving effects of FX5, suggesting that FX5 functioning as a non-steroidal GR antagonist. In PA-treated primary neurons (as DCI model in vitro), we demonstrated that FX5 (2, 5, 10 μM) dose-dependently ameliorated synaptic impairment via upregulating GR/BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway, protected against neuronal apoptosis through repressing GR/PI3K/AKT/GSK3β-mediated tauopathy and subsequent endoplasmic reticulum stress. In LPS-treated primary microglia, FX5 dose-dependently inhibited inflammation through GR/NF-κB/NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway. These beneficial effects were also observed in the hippocampus of diabetic mice following FX5 administration. Collectively, we have elucidated the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of non-steroidal GR antagonist FX5 on DCI and highlighted the potential of FX5 in the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Juan-Zhen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiang-Rui Meng
- Faculty of Art and Science, Queens University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Xing-Nan Ou-Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui-Fang Nie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi-di Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi-Nan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:7924199. [PMID: 36046763 PMCID: PMC9420645 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7924199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily manifests as memory deficits and cognitive impairment and has created health challenges for patients and society. In AD, amyloid β-protein (Aβ) induces Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation in microglia. Activation of TLR4 induces downstream signaling pathways and promotes the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which also trigger the activation of astrocytes and influence amyloid-dependent neuronal death. Therefore, TLR4 may be an important molecular target for treating AD by regulating neuroinflammation. Moreover, TLR4 regulates apoptosis, autophagy, and gut microbiota and is closely related to AD. This article reviews the role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of AD and a range of potential therapies targeting TLR4 for AD. Elucidating the regulatory mechanism of TLR4 in AD may provide valuable clues for developing new therapeutic strategies for AD.
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28
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Yu H, Shao S, Xu J, Guo H, Zhong Z, Xu J. Persimmon leaf extract alleviates chronic social defeat stress-induced depressive-like behaviors by preventing dendritic spine loss via inhibition of serotonin reuptake in mice. Chin Med 2022; 17:65. [PMID: 35668445 PMCID: PMC9172164 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fresh or dried Persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) exhibit preventive effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, their antidepressant effects and underlying mechanisms are unclear. Thus, we investigated mechanisms responsible for Persimmon leaf extract (PLE) activity on chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. Methods CSDS was used as a mouse model of depression. We performed the sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swim test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST) to identify depressive-like behavior. Spine density and dendritic morphology were assessed using Golgi staining. Neurochemicals were quantified by microdialysis, doublecortin by immunofluorescence, and cAMP using an ELISA kit. Finally, the levels of cortical proteins of phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), postsynaptic density synapsin-1 and protein 95 (PSD95) were quantified by western blot. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to detect fecal microbiota. Results Treatment of CSDS-subjected mice with PLE (30.0–60.0 mg/kg, i.g.) enhanced sucrose preference, decreased immobility times in the TST and FST but did not affect locomotor activity. Furthermore, persistent social defeat stress decreased dendritic spine density and dendritic length in the brain, as well as decreased PSD95 and synapsin-1 expression. PLE, interestingly, inhibited dendritic spine loss and increased synaptic protein levels. PLE also increased brain levels of 5-HT, cAMP, phosphorylated (p)-CREB, BDNF, PSD95, and synapsin-1 in mice subjected to CSDS. Furthermore, PLE increased their doublecortin-positive cell count in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. CSDS mice represented a distinct fecal microbiota cluster which differed compared with normal C57BL/6J mice, and the phenotype was rescued by PLE. Conclusions PLE alleviated CSDS-induced depressive behaviors and spinal damage by suppressing serotonin reuptake and activating the cAMP/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway. Simultaneously, PLE influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota in CSDS-subjected mice. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00609-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shumin Shao
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, SAR, China
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haibiao Guo
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, SAR, China.
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Zong B, Yu F, Zhang X, Zhao W, Sun P, Li S, Li L. Understanding How Physical Exercise Improves Alzheimer’s Disease: Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Systems. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:869507. [PMID: 35663578 PMCID: PMC9158463 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.869507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the accumulation of proteinaceous aggregates and neurofibrillary lesions composed of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau, respectively. It has long been known that dysregulation of cholinergic and monoaminergic (i.e., dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and noradrenergic) systems is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Abnormalities in neuronal activity, neurotransmitter signaling input, and receptor function exaggerate Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Maintenance of normal neurotransmission is essential to halt AD progression. Most neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter-related drugs modulate the pathology of AD and improve cognitive function through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Exercise therapies provide an important alternative or adjunctive intervention for AD. Cumulative evidence indicates that exercise can prevent multiple pathological features found in AD and improve cognitive function through delaying the degeneration of cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons; increasing levels of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine; and modulating the activity of certain neurotransmitter-related GPCRs. Emerging insights into the mechanistic links among exercise, the neurotransmitter system, and AD highlight the potential of this intervention as a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengzhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichang Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Li,
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Inhibition of PDE10A-Rescued TBI-Induced Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis through the cAMP/PKA/NLRP3 Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3311250. [PMID: 35463083 PMCID: PMC9019408 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3311250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is a dual-substrate phosphodiesterase that is highly expressed in the striatal complex. PDE10A is an important target for the treatment of ganglion dysfunction and neuroinflammation-related diseases, but its possible impact on traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of inhibiting PDE10A on neuroinflammation post-TBI injury and its possible molecular mechanism. The expression of PDE10A in rats and HT22 cells was determined by Western blotting. The neurological dysfunction of these rats was detected by Nissl staining, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Morris water maze test. The activity of HT22 cells was measured by MTT. The findings of this study suggest that PDE10A is highly expressed in the brain tissue of TBI rats and HT22 cells induced by mechanical injury. Inhibition of PDE10A reduces the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in HT22 cells induced by mechanical injury to inhibit cell apoptosis. Simultaneously, inhibition of PDE10A in TBI rats reduces the time to find a visible platform in the same pool, while cAMP/PKA activator treatment alleviates all of the abovementioned phenomena. Additionally, it is further confirmed that inhibition of PDE10A activates the cAMP/PKA pathway and downregulates the expression of NRLP3. These findings demonstrate that inhibition of PDE10A exerts neuroprotection by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation following TBI, at least partially by the cAMP/PKA/NLRP3 pathway.
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de Oliveira P, Cella C, Locker N, Ravindran KKG, Mendis A, Wafford K, Gilmour G, Dijk DJ, Winsky-Sommerer R. Improved Sleep, Memory, and Cellular Pathological Features of Tauopathy, Including the NLRP3 Inflammasome, after Chronic Administration of Trazodone in rTg4510 Mice. J Neurosci 2022; 42:3494-3509. [PMID: 35273086 PMCID: PMC9034788 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2162-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cellular pathways contribute to neurodegenerative tauopathy-related disorders. Microglial activation, a major component of neuroinflammation, is an early pathologic hallmark that correlates with cognitive decline, while the unfolded protein response (UPR) contributes to synaptic pathology. Sleep disturbances are prevalent in tauopathies and may also contribute to disease progression. Few studies have investigated whether manipulations of sleep influence cellular pathologic and behavioral features of tauopathy. We investigated whether trazodone, a licensed antidepressant with hypnotic efficacy in dementia, can reduce disease-related cellular pathways and improve memory and sleep in male rTg4510 mice with a tauopathy-like phenotype. In a 9 week dosing regimen, trazodone decreased microglial NLRP3 inflammasome expression and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase levels, which correlated with the NLRP3 inflammasome, the UPR effector ATF4, and total tau levels. Trazodone reduced theta oscillations during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and enhanced REM sleep duration. Olfactory memory transiently improved, and memory performance correlated with REM sleep duration and theta oscillations. These findings on the effects of trazodone on the NLRP3 inflammasome, the unfolded protein response and behavioral hallmarks of dementia warrant further studies on the therapeutic value of sleep-modulating compounds for tauopathies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dementia and associated behavioral symptoms such as memory loss and sleep disturbance are debilitating. Identifying treatments that alleviate symptoms and concurrently target cellular pathways contributing to disease progression is paramount for the patients and their caregivers. Here we show that a chronic treatment with trazodone, an antidepressant with positive effects on sleep, has beneficial effects on several cellular pathways contributing to neuroinflammation and tau pathology, in tauopathy-like rTg4510 mice. Trazodone also improved rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the slowing of brain oscillations, and olfactory memory disturbances, which are all early symptoms observed in Alzheimer's disease. Thus, trazodone and compounds with REM sleep-promoting properties may represent a promising treatment approach to reduce the early symptoms of tauopathy and slow down disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula de Oliveira
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom
- Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Cella
- Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Locker
- Department of Microbial and Cellular Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Kiran K G Ravindran
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ and University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom
| | - Agampodi Mendis
- Surrey Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Wafford
- Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Gilmour
- Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ and University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom
| | - Raphaelle Winsky-Sommerer
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom
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Yadav D, Kumar P. Restoration and targeting of aberrant neurotransmitters in Parkinson's disease therapeutics. Neurochem Int 2022; 156:105327. [PMID: 35331828 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are considered as a fundamental regulator in the process of neuronal growth, differentiation and survival. Parkinson's Disease (PD) occurs due to extensive damage of dopamine-producing neurons; this causes dopamine deficits in the midbrain, followed by the alternation of various other neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA, serotonin, etc.). It has been observed that fluctuation of neurotransmission in the basal ganglia exhibits a great impact on the pathophysiology of PD. Dopamine replacement therapy, such as the use of L-DOPA, can increase the dopamine level, but it majorly ameliorates the motor symptoms and is also associated with long-term complications (for e.g., LID). While the non-dopaminergic system can efficiently target non-motor symptoms, for instance, the noradrenergic system regulates the synthesis of BDNF via the MAPK pathway, which is important in learning and memory. Herein, we briefly discuss the role of different neurotransmitters, implementation of neurotransmitter receptors in PD. We also illustrate the recent advances of neurotransmitter-based drugs, which are currently under in vivo and clinical studies. Reinstating normal neurotransmitter levels has been believed to be advantageous in the treatment of PD. Thus, there is an increasing demand for drugs that can specifically target the neurotransmission system and reinstate the normal levels of neurotransmitters, which might prevent or delay neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Yadav
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi, India; Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi, India; Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, 110042, India.
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Aaldijk E, Vermeiren Y. The role of serotonin within the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101556. [PMID: 34990844 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for more than 50 million patients worldwide. Current evidence suggests the exact mechanism behind this devastating disease to be of multifactorial origin, which seriously complicates the quest for an effective disease-modifying therapy, as well as impedes the search for strategic preventative measures. Of interest, preclinical studies point to serotonergic alterations, either induced via selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin receptor (ant)agonists, in mitigating AD brain neuropathology next to its clinical symptoms, the latter being supported by a handful of human intervention trials. Additionally, a substantial amount of preclinical trials highlight the potential of diet, fecal microbiota transplantations, as well as pre- and probiotics in modulating the brain's serotonergic neurotransmitter system, starting from the gut. Whether such interventions could truly prevent, reverse or slow down AD progression likewise, should be initially tested in preclinical studies with AD mouse models, including sufficient analytical measurements both in gut and brain. Thereafter, its potential therapeutic effect could be confirmed in rigorously randomized controlled trials in humans, preferentially across the Alzheimer's continuum, but especially from the prodromal up to the mild stages, where both high adherence to such therapies, as well as sufficient room for noticeable enhancement are feasible still. In the end, such studies might aid in the development of a comprehensive approach to tackle this complex multifactorial disease, since serotonin and its derivatives across the microbiota-gut-brain axis might serve as possible biomarkers of disease progression, next to forming a valuable target in AD drug development. In this narrative review, the available evidence concerning the orchestrating role of serotonin within the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of AD is summarized and discussed, and general considerations for future studies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Aaldijk
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group of Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yannick Vermeiren
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group of Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands; Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Translational Neurosciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Gu S, He Z, Xu Q, Dong J, Xiao T, Liang F, Ma X, Wang F, Huang JH. The Relationship Between 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Its Metabolite Changes With Post-stroke Depression. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:871754. [PMID: 35558423 PMCID: PMC9086784 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.871754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common and serious sequelae of stroke. Approximately 33% of stroke survivors were affected by PSD. However, many issues (e.g., incidence, diagnostic marker, and risk factor) related to PSD remained unclear. The "monoamine hypothesis" is a significant hypothesis for depression, which suggests that three monoamines play a key role in depression. Therefore, most current antidepressants are developed to modulate the monoamines on PSD treatment, and these antidepressants have good effects on patients with PSD. However, the potential mechanisms of three monoamines in PSD are still unclear. Previously, we proposed "three primary emotions," which suggested a new model of basic emotions based on the three monoamines. It may provide a new way for PSD treatment. In addition, recent studies have found that monoamine-related emotional intervention also showed potential effects in the treatment and prevention of PSD. This study discusses these issues and attempts to provide a prospect for future research on PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Gu
- Department of Psychology, Jiangsu University Medical School, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengming He
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyue Xu
- Department of Nurse, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingwei Xiao
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianjun Ma
- Section of Brain Diseases, Department of Neurology, Lianyungang Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, China
| | - Fushun Wang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jason H Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States.,Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
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Layunta E, Buey B, Mesonero JE, Latorre E. Crosstalk Between Intestinal Serotonergic System and Pattern Recognition Receptors on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:748254. [PMID: 34819919 PMCID: PMC8607755 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.748254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the microbiota-gut-brain axis results in a wide range of pathologies that are affected, from the brain to the intestine. Gut hormones released by enteroendocrine cells to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are important signaling molecules within this axis. In the search for the language that allows microbiota to communicate with the gut and the brain, serotonin seems to be the most important mediator. In recent years, serotonin has emerged as a key neurotransmitter in the gut-brain axis because it largely contributes to both GI and brain physiology. In addition, intestinal microbiota are crucial in serotonin signaling, which gives more relevance to the role of the serotonin as an important mediator in microbiota-host interactions. Despite the numerous investigations focused on the gut-brain axis and the pathologies associated, little is known regarding how serotonin can mediate in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In this review, we will mainly discuss serotonergic system modulation by microbiota as a pathway of communication between intestinal microbes and the body on the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and we explore novel therapeutic approaches for GI diseases and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Layunta
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Berta Buey
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose Emilio Mesonero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza–CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva Latorre
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza–CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Festa BP, Barbosa AD, Rob M, Rubinsztein DC. The pleiotropic roles of autophagy in Alzheimer's disease: From pathophysiology to therapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 60:149-157. [PMID: 34419832 PMCID: PMC8519395 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway and the main clearance route of many toxic protein aggregates. The molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests in the form of protein aggregates-extracellular amyloid-β depositions and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. Perturbations at different steps of the autophagy pathway observed in cellular and animal models of AD might contribute to amyloid-β and tau accumulation. Increased levels of autophagosomes detected in patients' brains suggest an alteration of autophagy in human disease. Autophagy is also involved in the fine-tuning of inflammation, which increases in the early stages of AD and possibly drives its pathogenesis. Mounting evidence of a causal link between impaired autophagy and AD pathology uncovers an exciting opportunity for the development of autophagy-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Paola Festa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Daniel Barbosa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matea Rob
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Wafford KA. Aberrant waste disposal in neurodegeneration: why improved sleep could be the solution. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 2:100025. [PMID: 36324713 PMCID: PMC9616228 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2021.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sleep takes up a large percentage of our lives and the full functions of this state are still not understood. However, over the last 10 years a new and important function has emerged as a mediator of brain clearance. Removal of toxic metabolites and proteins from the brain parenchyma generated during waking activity and high levels of synaptic processing is critical to normal brain function and only enabled during deep sleep. Understanding of this process is revealing how impaired sleep contributes an important and likely causative role in the accumulation and aggregation of aberrant proteins such as β-amyloid and phosphorylated tau, as well as inflammation and neuronal damage. We are also beginning to understand how brain slow-wave activity interacts with vascular function allowing the flow of CSF and interstitial fluid to drain into the body's lymphatic system. New methodology is enabling visualization of this process in both animals and humans and is revealing how these processes break down during ageing and disease. With this understanding we can begin to envisage novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of neurodegeneration, and how reversing sleep impairment in the correct manner may provide a way to slow these processes and improve brain function.
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Key Words
- AQP4, aquaporin-4
- Alzheimer's disease
- Amyloid
- Aquaporin-4
- Astrocyte
- Aβ, beta amyloid
- BOLD, blood-oxygen level dependent imaging
- CAA, cerebral amyloid angiopathy
- CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid
- Clearance
- EEG, electroencephalography
- EMG, electromyography
- Glymphatic
- ISF, interstitial fluid
- MCI, mild cognitive impairment
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- NREM, non-rapid eye movement
- OSA, obstructive sleep apnea
- PET, positron emission tomography
- REM, rapid-eye movement
- SWA, slow wave activity
- SWS, slow-wave sleep
- Slow-wave sleep
- iNPH, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
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