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Li MY, Shen HH, Cao XY, Gao XX, Xu FY, Ha SY, Sun JS, Liu SP, Xie F, Li MQ. Targeting a mTOR/autophagy axis: a double-edged sword of rapamycin in spontaneous miscarriage. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116976. [PMID: 38906022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune dysfunction is a primary culprit behind spontaneous miscarriage (SM). To address this, immunosuppressive agents have emerged as a novel class of tocolytic drugs, modulating the maternal immune system's tolerance towards the embryo. Rapamycin (PubChem CID:5284616), a dual-purpose compound, functions as an immunosuppressive agent and triggers autophagy by targeting the mTOR pathway. Its efficacy in treating SM has garnered significant research interest in recent times. Autophagy, the cellular process of self-degradation and recycling, plays a pivotal role in numerous health conditions. Research indicates that autophagy is integral to endometrial decidualization, trophoblast invasion, and the proper functioning of decidual immune cells during a healthy pregnancy. Yet, in cases of SM, there is a dysregulation of the mTOR/autophagy axis in decidual stromal cells or immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the potential benefits of low-dose rapamycin in managing SM. However, given mTOR's critical role in energy metabolism, inhibiting it could potentially harm the pregnancy. Moreover, while low-dose rapamycin has been deemed safe for treating recurrent implant failure, its potential teratogenic effects remain uncertain due to insufficient data. In summary, rapamycin represents a double-edged sword in the treatment of SM, balancing its impact on autophagy and immune regulation. Further investigation is warranted to fully understand its implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ying Li
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Shen
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Cao
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yuan Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Si-Yao Ha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510235, China
| | - Jian-Song Sun
- School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Ping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Xie
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China; Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Immunology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Klionsky DJ, Albuhadily AK. Dysregulation of pancreatic β-cell autophagy and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Autophagy 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38873924 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2367356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an essential degradation process that removes abnormal cellular components, maintains homeostasis within cells, and provides nutrition during starvation. Activated autophagy enhances cell survival during stressful conditions, although overactivation of autophagy triggers induction of autophagic cell death. Therefore, early-onset autophagy promotes cell survival whereas late-onset autophagy provokes programmed cell death, which can prevent disease progression. Moreover, autophagy regulates pancreatic β-cell functions by different mechanisms, although the precise role of autophagy in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not completely understood. Consequently, this mini-review discusses the protective and harmful roles of autophagy in the pancreatic β cell and in the pathophysiology of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, Jabir ibn Hayyan Medical University, Al-Ameer Qu./Najaf, Kufa, Iraq
| | | | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Zhong Y, Xia S, Wang G, Liu Q, Ma F, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Qian L, Hu L, Xie J. The interplay between mitophagy and mitochondrial ROS in acute lung injury. Mitochondrion 2024:101920. [PMID: 38876297 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria orchestrate the production of new mitochondria and the removal of damaged ones to dynamically maintain mitochondrial homeostasis through constant biogenesis and clearance mechanisms. Mitochondrial quality control particularly relies on mitophagy, defined as selective autophagy with mitochondria-targeting specificity. Most ROS are derived from mitochondria, and the physiological concentration of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) is no longer considered a useless by-product, as it has been proven to participate in immune and autophagy pathway regulation. However, excessive mtROS appears to be a pathogenic factor in several diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI). The interplay between mitophagy and mtROS is complex and closely related to ALI. Here, we review the pathways of mitophagy, the intricate relationship between mitophagy and mtROS, the role of mtROS in the pathogenesis of ALI, and their effects and related progression in ALI induced by different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Siwei Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Gaojian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Qinxue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Fengjie Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yijin Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No.1518 North Huancheng Road, Nanhu District, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Junran Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China.
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Njeim R, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Mechanisms and implications of podocyte autophagy in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F877-F893. [PMID: 38601984 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00415.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a protective mechanism through which cells degrade and recycle proteins and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis and integrity. An accumulating body of evidence underscores the significant impact of dysregulated autophagy on podocyte injury in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse types of autophagy and their regulation in cellular homeostasis, with a specific emphasis on podocytes. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings that focus on the functional role of different types of autophagy during podocyte injury in chronic kidney disease. The intricate interplay between different types of autophagy and podocyte health requires further research, which is critical for understanding the pathogenesis of CKD and developing targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Njeim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
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Feng D, Gui Z, Xu Z, Zhang J, Ni B, Wang Z, Liu J, Fei S, Chen H, Sun L, Gu M, Tan R. Rictor/mTORC2 signalling contributes to renal vascular endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and renal allograft interstitial fibrosis by regulating BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1686. [PMID: 38769658 PMCID: PMC11106512 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal allograft interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) constitutes the principal histopathological characteristic of chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) in kidney-transplanted patients. While renal vascular endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been verified as an important contributing factor to IF/TA in CAD patients, its underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Through single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we identified Rictor as a potential pivotal mediator for EndMT. This investigation sought to elucidate the role of Rictor/mTORC2 signalling in the pathogenesis of renal allograft interstitial fibrosis and the associated mechanisms. METHODS The influence of the Rictor/mTOR2 pathway on renal vascular EndMT and renal allograft fibrosis was investigated by cell experiments and Rictor depletion in renal allogeneic transplantation mice models. Subsequently, a series of assays were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms of the enhanced mitophagy and the ameliorated EndMT resulting from Rictor knockout. RESULTS Our findings revealed a significant activation of the Rictor/mTORC2 signalling in CAD patients and allogeneic kidney transplanted mice. The suppression of Rictor/mTORC2 signalling alleviated TNFα-induced EndMT in HUVECs. Moreover, Rictor knockout in endothelial cells remarkably ameliorated renal vascular EndMT and allograft interstitial fibrosis in allogeneic kidney transplanted mice. Mechanistically, Rictor knockout resulted in an augmented BNIP3-mediated mitophagy in endothelial cells. Furthermore, Rictor/mTORC2 facilitated the MARCH5-mediated degradation of BNIP3 at the K130 site through K48-linked ubiquitination, thereby regulating mitophagy activity. Subsequent experiments also demonstrated that BNIP3 knockdown nearly reversed the enhanced mitophagy and mitigated EndMT and allograft interstitial fibrosis induced by Rictor knockout. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, our study underscores Rictor/mTORC2 signalling as a critical mediator of renal vascular EndMT and allograft interstitial fibrosis progression, exerting its impact through regulating BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. This insight unveils a potential therapeutic target for mitigating renal allograft interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyuan Feng
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zeping Gui
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Urologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of UrologyThe Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityTaizhouChina
| | - Jianjian Zhang
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Bin Ni
- Department of Urologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiawen Liu
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shuang Fei
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Urologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ruoyun Tan
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Chen G, Tong K, Li S, Huang Z, Liu S, Zhu H, Zhong Y, Zhou Z, Jiao G, Wei F, Chen N. Extracellular vesicles released by transforming growth factor-beta 1-preconditional mesenchymal stem cells promote recovery in mice with spinal cord injury. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:135-149. [PMID: 38312519 PMCID: PMC10837068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes neuroinflammation, neuronal death, and severe axonal connections. Alleviating neuroinflammation, protecting residual cells and promoting neuronal regeneration via endogenous neural stem cells (eNSCs) represent potential strategies for SCI treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by mesenchymal stem cells have emerged as pathological mediators and alternatives to cell-based therapies following SCI. In the present study, EVs isolated from untreated (control, C-EVs) and TGF-β1-treated (T-EVs) mesenchymal stem cells were injected into SCI mice to compare the therapeutic effects and explore the underlying mechanisms. Our study demonstrated for the first time that the application of T-EVs markedly enhanced the proliferation and antiapoptotic ability of NSCs in vitro. The infusion of T-EVs into SCI mice increased the shift from the M1 to M2 polarization of reactive microglia, alleviated neuroinflammation, and enhanced the neuroprotection of residual cells during the acute phase. Moreover, T-EVs increased the number of eNSCs around the epicenter. Consequently, T-EVs further promoted neurite outgrowth, increased axonal regrowth and remyelination, and facilitated locomotor recovery in the chronic stage. Furthermore, the use of T-EVs in Rictor-/- SCI mice (conditional knockout of Rictor in NSCs) showed that T-EVs failed to increase the activation of eNSCs and improve neurogenesis sufficiently, which suggested that T-EVs might induce the activation of eNSCs by targeting the mTORC2/Rictor pathway. Taken together, our findings indicate the prominent role of T-EVs in the treatment of SCI, and the therapeutic efficacy of T-EVs for SCI treatment might be optimized by enhancing the activation of eNSCs via the mTORC2/Rictor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Repair / Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital), Dongguan, 523573, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Kuileung Tong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zerong Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shuangjiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Repair / Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital), Dongguan, 523573, China
| | - Haoran Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Heyuan, 517400, China
| | - Yanheng Zhong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhisen Zhou
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Repair / Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital), Dongguan, 523573, China
| | - Genlong Jiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Repair / Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital), Dongguan, 523573, China
| | - Fuxin Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Ningning Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
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Cheng Y, Yan M, He S, Xie Y, Wei L, Xuan B, Shang Z, Wu M, Zheng H, Chen Y, Yuan M, Peng J, Shen A. Baicalin alleviates angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy and modulates the AMPK/mTOR pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18321. [PMID: 38712979 PMCID: PMC11075640 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
As a main extraction compound from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Baicalin exhibits various biological activities. However, the underlying mechanism of Baicalin on hypertension-induced heart injury remains unclear. In vivo, mice were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II; 500 ng/kg/min) or saline using osmotic pumps, followed by intragastrically administrated with Baicalin (5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. In vitro, H9C2 cells were stimulated with Ang II (1 μM) and treated with Baicalin (12.5, 25 and 50 μM). Baicalin treatment significantly attenuated the decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening, increase in left ventricular mass, left ventricular systolic volume and left ventricular diastolic volume of Ang II infused mice. Moreover, Baicalin treatment reversed 314 differentially expressed transcripts in the cardiac tissues of Ang II infused mice, and enriched multiple enriched signalling pathways (including apoptosis, autophagy, AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway). Consistently, Baicalin treatment significantly alleviated Ang II-induced cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Baicalin treatment reversed the up-regulation of Bax, cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 9, and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. Meanwhile, Baicalin treatment alleviated Ang II-induced increase of autophagosomes, restored autophagic flux, and down-regulated LC3II, Beclin 1, as well as up-regulated SQSTM1/p62 expression. Furthermore, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine treatment alleviated the increase of autophagosomes and the up-regulation of Beclin 1, LC3II, Bax, cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 9, down-regulation of SQSTM1/p62 and Bcl-2 expression after Ang II treated, which similar to co-treatment with Baicalin. Baicalin treatment reduced the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK, while increased the ratio of p-mTOR/mTOR. Baicalin alleviated Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy, which might be related to the inhibition of the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Mengchao Yan
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Shuyu He
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Yi Xie
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Lihui Wei
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
- Innovation and Transformation CenterFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Bihan Xuan
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Zucheng Shang
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Meizhu Wu
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Huifang Zheng
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
- Innovation and Transformation CenterFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Youqin Chen
- Department of PediatricsRainbow Babies and Children's Hospital and Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Meng Yuan
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
- Innovation and Transformation CenterFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
- Innovation and Transformation CenterFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
- Innovation and Transformation CenterFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
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8
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Shinde A, Shannahan J. Inhalation exposure-induced toxicity and disease mediated via mTOR dysregulation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10135. [PMID: 38711460 PMCID: PMC11070522 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental air pollution is a global health concern, associated with multiple respiratory and systemic diseases. Epidemiological supports continued urbanization and industrialization increasing the prevalence of inhalation exposures. Exposure to these inhaled pollutants induces toxicity via activation of numerous cellular mechanisms including oxidative stress, autophagy, disrupted cellular metabolism, inflammation, tumorigenesis, and others contributing to disease development. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator involved in various cellular processes related to the modulation of metabolism and maintenance of homeostasis. Dysregulation of mTOR occurs following inhalation exposures and has also been implicated in many diseases such as cancer, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, asthma, and neurodegeneration. Moreover, mTOR plays a fundamental role in protein transcription and translation involved in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. It is necessary to understand inhalation exposure-induced dysregulation of mTOR since it is key regulator which may contribute to numerous disease processes. This mini review evaluates the available literature regarding several types of inhalation exposure and their impacts on mTOR signaling. Particularly we focus on the mTOR signaling pathway related outcomes of autophagy, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. Furthermore, we will examine the implications of dysregulated mTOR pathway in exposure-induced diseases. Throughout this mini review, current gaps will be identified related to exposure-induced mTOR dysregulation which may enable the targeting of mTOR signaling for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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9
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Lin Y, Wu X, Yang Y, Wu Y, Xiang L, Zhang C. The multifaceted role of autophagy in skin autoimmune disorders: a guardian or culprit? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343987. [PMID: 38690268 PMCID: PMC11058840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process that functions to maintain intracellular homeostasis via the degradation and recycling of defective organelles or damaged proteins. This dynamic mechanism participates in various biological processes, such as the regulation of cellular differentiation, proliferation, survival, and the modulation of inflammation and immune responses. Recent evidence has demonstrated the involvement of polymorphisms in autophagy-related genes in various skin autoimmune diseases. In addition, autophagy, along with autophagy-related proteins, also contributes to homeostasis maintenance and immune regulation in the skin, which is associated with skin autoimmune disorders. This review aims to provide an overview of the multifaceted role of autophagy in skin autoimmune diseases and shed light on the potential of autophagy-targeting therapeutic strategies in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chengfeng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Zhou X, Medina-Ramirez IE, Su G, Liu Y, Yan B. All Roads Lead to Rome: Comparing Nanoparticle- and Small Molecule-Driven Cell Autophagy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310966. [PMID: 38616767 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, vital for removing cellular waste, is triggered differently by small molecules and nanoparticles. Small molecules, like rapamycin, non-selectively activate autophagy by inhibiting the mTOR pathway, which is essential for cell regulation. This can clear damaged components but may cause cytotoxicity with prolonged use. Nanoparticles, however, induce autophagy, often causing oxidative stress, through broader cellular interactions and can lead to a targeted form known as "xenophagy." Their impact varies with their properties but can be harnessed therapeutically. In this review, the autophagy induced by nanoparticles is explored and small molecules across four dimensions: the mechanisms behind autophagy induction, the outcomes of such induction, the toxicological effects on cellular autophagy, and the therapeutic potential of employing autophagy triggered by nanoparticles or small molecules. Although small molecules and nanoparticles each induce autophagy through different pathways and lead to diverse effects, both represent invaluable tools in cell biology, nanomedicine, and drug discovery, offering unique insights and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Baoding, 071100, China
| | - Iliana E Medina-Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av Universidad 940, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 10024, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at the Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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11
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Elmetwalli A, Abdel-Monem MO, El-Far AH, Ghaith GS, Albalawi NAN, Hassan J, Ismail NF, El-Sewedy T, Alnamshan MM, ALaqeel NK, Al-Dhuayan IS, Hassan MG. Probiotic-derived silver nanoparticles target mTOR/MMP-9/BCL-2/dependent AMPK activation for hepatic cancer treatment. Med Oncol 2024; 41:106. [PMID: 38575697 PMCID: PMC10995097 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology have offered novel ways to combat cancer. By utilizing the reducing capabilities of Lactobacillus acidophilus, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are synthesized. The anti-cancer properties of AgNPs have been demonstrated in previous studies against several cancer cell lines; it has been hypothesized that these compounds might inhibit AMPK/mTOR signalling and BCL-2 expression. Consequently, the current research used both in vitro and in silico approaches to study whether Lactobacillus acidophilus AgNPs could inhibit cell proliferation autophagy and promote apoptosis in HepG2 cells. The isolated strain was identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus strain RBIM based on 16 s rRNA gene analysis. Based on our research findings, it has been observed that this particular strain can generate increased quantities of AgNPs when subjected to optimal growing conditions. The presence of silanols, carboxylates, phosphonates, and siloxanes on the surface of AgNPs was confirmed using FTIR analysis. AgNPs were configured using UV-visible spectroscopy at 425 nm. In contrast, it was observed that apoptotic cells exhibited orange-coloured bodies due to cellular shrinkage and blebbing initiated by AgNP treatment, compared to non-apoptotic cells. It is worth mentioning that AgNPs exhibited remarkable selectivity in inducing cell death, specifically in HepG2 cells, unlike normal WI-38 cells. The half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for HepG2 and WI-38 cells were 4.217 µg/ml and 154.1 µg/ml, respectively. AgNPs induce an upregulation in the synthesis of inflammation-associated cytokines, including (TNF-α and IL-33), within HepG2 cells. AgNPs co-treatment led to higher glutathione levels and activating pro-autophagic genes such as AMPK.Additionally, it resulted in the suppression of mTOR, MMP-9, BCL-2, and α-SMA gene expression. The docking experiments suggest that the binding of AgNPs to the active site of the AMPK enzyme leads to inhibiting its activity. The inhibition of AMPK ultimately results in the suppression of the mechanistic mTOR and triggers apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the results of our study indicate that the utilization of AgNPs may represent a viable strategy for the eradication of liver cancerous cells through the activation of apoptosis and the enhancement of immune system reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Elmetwalli
- Department of Clinical Trial Research Unit and Drug Discovery, Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Mansoura, Egypt.
- Microbiology Division, Higher Technological Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed O Abdel-Monem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Gehad S Ghaith
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | | - Jihan Hassan
- Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nadia F Ismail
- Health Information Management Program, Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Borg El Arab Technological University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tarek El-Sewedy
- Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mashael Mashal Alnamshan
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf K ALaqeel
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibtesam S Al-Dhuayan
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mervat G Hassan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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12
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Somers FM, Malek G. Estrogen related receptor alpha: Potential modulator of age-related macular degeneration. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2024; 75:102439. [PMID: 38447458 PMCID: PMC10947805 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2024.102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
To develop effective therapies for complex blinding diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), identification of mechanisms involved in its initiation and progression is needed. The estrogen-related receptor alpha (ESRRA) is an orphan nuclear receptor that regulates several AMD-associated pathogenic pathways. However, it has not been investigated in detail in the ocular posterior pole during aging or in AMD. This review delves into the literature highlighting the significance of ESRRA as a molecular target that may be important in the pathobiology of AMD, and discusses data available supporting the targeting of this receptor signaling pathway as a therapeutic option for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Goldis Malek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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13
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Liu X, Yan Q, Liu X, Wei W, Zou L, Zhao F, Zeng S, Yi L, Ding H, Zhao M, Chen J, Fan S. PKM2 induces mitophagy through the AMPK-mTOR pathway promoting CSFV proliferation. J Virol 2024; 98:e0175123. [PMID: 38319105 PMCID: PMC10949426 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01751-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses exploit the host cell's energy metabolism system to support their replication. Mitochondria, known as the powerhouse of the cell, play a critical role in regulating cell survival and virus replication. Our prior research indicated that the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) alters mitochondrial dynamics and triggers glycolytic metabolic reprogramming. However, the role and mechanism of PKM2, a key regulatory enzyme of glycolytic metabolism, in CSFV replication remain unclear. In this study, we discovered that CSFV enhances PKM2 expression and utilizes PKM2 to inhibit pyruvate production. Using an affinity purification coupled mass spectrometry system, we successfully identified PKM as a novel interaction partner of the CSFV non-structural protein NS4A. Furthermore, we validated the interaction between PKM2 and both CSFV NS4A and NS5A through co-immunoprecipitation and confocal analysis. PKM2 was found to promote the expression of both NS4A and NS5A. Moreover, we observed that PKM2 induces mitophagy by activating the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, thereby facilitating CSFV proliferation. In summary, our data reveal a novel mechanism whereby PKM2, a metabolic enzyme, promotes CSFV proliferation by inducing mitophagy. These findings offer a new avenue for developing antiviral strategies. IMPORTANCE Viruses rely on the host cell's material-energy metabolic system for replication, inducing host metabolic disorders and subsequent immunosuppression-a major contributor to persistent viral infections. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is no exception. Classical swine fever is a severe acute infectious disease caused by CSFV, resulting in significant economic losses to the global pig industry. While the role of the metabolic enzyme PKM2 (pyruvate dehydrogenase) in the glycolytic pathway of tumor cells has been extensively studied, its involvement in viral infection remains relatively unknown. Our data unveil a new mechanism by which the metabolic enzyme PKM2 mediates CSFV infection, offering novel avenues for the development of antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Quanhui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Xueyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Wenkang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linke Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Feifan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Sen Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
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14
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McGrath MK, Abolhassani A, Guy L, Elshazly AM, Barrett JT, Mivechi NF, Gewirtz DA, Schoenlein PV. Autophagy and senescence facilitate the development of antiestrogen resistance in ER positive breast cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1298423. [PMID: 38567308 PMCID: PMC10986181 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1298423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer is the most common breast cancer diagnosed annually in the US with endocrine-based therapy as standard-of-care for this breast cancer subtype. Endocrine therapy includes treatment with antiestrogens, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs), and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). Despite the appreciable remission achievable with these treatments, a substantial cohort of women will experience primary tumor recurrence, subsequent metastasis, and eventual death due to their disease. In these cases, the breast cancer cells have become resistant to endocrine therapy, with endocrine resistance identified as the major obstacle to the medical oncologist and patient. To combat the development of endocrine resistance, the treatment options for ER+, HER2 negative breast cancer now include CDK4/6 inhibitors used as adjuvants to antiestrogen treatment. In addition to the dysregulated activity of CDK4/6, a plethora of genetic and biochemical mechanisms have been identified that contribute to endocrine resistance. These mechanisms, which have been identified by lab-based studies utilizing appropriate cell and animal models of breast cancer, and by clinical studies in which gene expression profiles identify candidate endocrine resistance genes, are the subject of this review. In addition, we will discuss molecular targeting strategies now utilized in conjunction with endocrine therapy to combat the development of resistance or target resistant breast cancer cells. Of approaches currently being explored to improve endocrine treatment efficacy and patient outcome, two adaptive cell survival mechanisms, autophagy, and "reversible" senescence, are considered molecular targets. Autophagy and/or senescence induction have been identified in response to most antiestrogen treatments currently being used for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer and are often induced in response to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Unfortunately, effective strategies to target these cell survival pathways have not yet been successfully developed. Thus, there is an urgent need for the continued interrogation of autophagy and "reversible" senescence in clinically relevant breast cancer models with the long-term goal of identifying new molecular targets for improved treatment of ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. McGrath
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ali Abolhassani
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Luke Guy
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ahmed M. Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - John T. Barrett
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Nahid F. Mivechi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Patricia V. Schoenlein
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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15
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Cui Z, Cong M, Yin S, Li Y, Ye Y, Liu X, Tang J. Role of protein degradation systems in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:141. [PMID: 38485957 PMCID: PMC10940631 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein degradation is essential for maintaining protein homeostasis. The ubiquitin‒proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy-lysosome system are the two primary pathways responsible for protein degradation and directly related to cell survival. In malignant tumors, the UPS plays a critical role in managing the excessive protein load caused by cancer cells hyperproliferation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the dual roles played by the UPS and autolysosome system in colorectal cancer (CRC), elucidating their impact on the initiation and progression of this disease while also highlighting their compensatory relationship. Simultaneously targeting both protein degradation pathways offers new promise for enhancing treatment efficacy against CRC. Additionally, apoptosis is closely linked to ubiquitination and autophagy, and caspases degrade proteins. A thorough comprehension of the interplay between various protein degradation pathways is highly important for clarifying the mechanism underlying the onset and progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Cui
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Mingqi Cong
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shengjie Yin
- Department of Oncology, Chifeng City Hospital, Chifeng, 024000, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yuguang Ye
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Xi Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010017, China.
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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16
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Gao Y, Zhang L, Zhang F, Liu R, Liu L, Li X, Zhu X, Liang Y. Traditional Chinese medicine and its active substances reduce vascular injury in diabetes via regulating autophagic activity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1355246. [PMID: 38505420 PMCID: PMC10949535 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1355246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its high prevalence, poor prognosis, and heavy burden on healthcare costs, diabetic vascular complications have become a significant public health issue. Currently, the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetes-induced vascular complications remain incompletely understood. Autophagy, a highly conserved process of lysosomal degradation, maintains intracellular homeostasis and energy balance via removing protein aggregates, damaged organelles, and exogenous pathogens. Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulated autophagy may contribute to vascular abnormalities in various types of blood vessels, including both microvessels and large vessels, under diabetic conditions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) possesses the characteristics of "multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pathways," and its safety has been demonstrated, particularly with minimal toxicity in liver and kidney. Thus, TCM has gained increasing attention from researchers. Moreover, recent studies have indicated that Chinese herbal medicine and its active compounds can improve vascular damage in diabetes by regulating autophagy. Based on this background, this review summarizes the classification, occurrence process, and related molecular mechanisms of autophagy, with a focus on discussing the role of autophagy in diabetic vascular damage and the protective effects of TCM and its active compounds through the regulation of autophagy in diabetes. Moreover, we systematically elucidate the autophagic mechanisms by which TCM formulations, individual herbal extracts, and active compounds regulate diabetic vascular damage, thereby providing new candidate drugs for clinical treatment of vascular complications in diabetes. Therefore, further exploration of TCM and its active compounds with autophagy-regulating effects holds significant research value for achieving targeted therapeutic approaches for diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankui Gao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yonglin Liang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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17
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Zhang J, Gong H, Zhao T, Xu W, Chen H, Li T, Yang Y, Yang M, Huang N, Gong C, Wang F, Zhang C, Liu J, Xiao H. AMPK-upregulated microRNA-708 plays as a suppressor of cellular senescence and aging via downregulating disabled-2 and mTORC1 activation. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e475. [PMID: 38463393 PMCID: PMC10924637 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Senescence-associated microRNAs (SA-miRNAs) are important molecules for aging regulation. While many aging-promoting SA-miRNAs have been identified, confirmed aging-suppressive SA-miRNAs are rare, that impeded our full understanding on aging regulation. In this study, we verified that miR-708 expression is decreased in senescent cells and aged tissues and revealed that miR-708 overexpression can alleviate cellular senescence and aging performance. About the molecular cascade carrying the aging suppressive action of miR-708, we unraveled that miR-708 directly targets the 3'UTR of the disabled 2 (Dab2) gene and inhibits the expression of DAB2. Interestingly, miR-708-caused DAB2 downregulation blocks the aberrant mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation, a driving metabolic event for senescence progression, and restores the impaired autophagy, a downstream event of aberrant mTORC1 activation. We also found that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation can upregulate miR-708 via the elevation of DICER expression, and miR-708 inhibitor is able to blunt the antiaging effect of AMPK. In summary, this study characterized miR-708 as an aging-suppressive SA-miRNA for the first time and uncovered a new signaling cascade, in which miR-708 links the DAB2/mTOR axis and AMPK/DICER axis together. These findings not only demonstrate the potential role of miR-708 in aging regulation, but also expand the signaling network connecting AMPK and mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- The Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center College of Basic Medical Sciences Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Hui Gong
- The Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- The Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Weitong Xu
- The Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Honghan Chen
- The Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Tiepeng Li
- The Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yu Yang
- The Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ming Yang
- The Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ning Huang
- The Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Chuhui Gong
- The Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- The Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine The Second People's Hospital of Changzhi City Changzhi China
| | - Jin Liu
- The Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hengyi Xiao
- The Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
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18
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Gao M, Shen H, Li Q, Gu X, Jia T, Wang Y. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) induces apoptosis and autophagy by inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in human granulosa cell line KGN. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123333. [PMID: 38211877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is recognized as an environmental endocrine disruptor with widespread use in industrial manufacturing and daily life, contributing to various public health concerns. However, the precise impacts of PFOS on the ovary and its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to delineate the ovarian toxicity of PFOS and scrutinize its effects on apoptosis and autophagy through modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the human granulosa cell line (KGN). Cell viability, assessed via the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), revealed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability upon PFOS exposure. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated an elevated proportion of apoptotic cells following PFOS treatment. Western blot analyses unveiled increased expression of Bax, Cyt c, cleaved caspase-9, and LC3-II/I, coupled with decreased expression of Bcl-2 and p62. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations illustrated a heightened number of autophagosomes induced by PFOS. Molecular docking investigations, in conjunction with Western blot experiments, substantiated PFOS's significant inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings collectively underscore that PFOS induces apoptosis and autophagy in KGN cells through modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, providing experimental evidence for PFOS-induced ovarian toxicity and elucidating the underlying regulatory mechanisms in KGN cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haofei Shen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiuyuan Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuzhao Gu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Jia
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Reproductive Medicine Transformation Application, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.
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19
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Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Zeller SL, Spirollari E, Das M, Hanft SJ, Gandhi CD. Discrete Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathways, Stem Cells, and Therapeutic Targets. Cells 2024; 13:409. [PMID: 38474373 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that functions via its discrete binding partners to form two multiprotein complexes, mTOR complex 1 and 2 (mTORC1 and mTORC2). Rapamycin-sensitive mTORC1, which regulates protein synthesis and cell growth, is tightly controlled by PI3K/Akt and is nutrient-/growth factor-sensitive. In the brain, mTORC1 is also sensitive to neurotransmitter signaling. mTORC2, which is modulated by growth factor signaling, is associated with ribosomes and is insensitive to rapamycin. mTOR regulates stem cell and cancer stem cell characteristics. Aberrant Akt/mTOR activation is involved in multistep tumorigenesis in a variety of cancers, thereby suggesting that the inhibition of mTOR may have therapeutic potential. Rapamycin and its analogues, known as rapalogues, suppress mTOR activity through an allosteric mechanism that only suppresses mTORC1, albeit incompletely. ATP-catalytic binding site inhibitors are designed to inhibit both complexes. This review describes the regulation of mTOR and the targeting of its complexes in the treatment of cancers, such as glioblastoma, and their stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Sabrina L Zeller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Eris Spirollari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Mohan Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Simon J Hanft
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Chirag D Gandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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20
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Fekete M, Major D, Feher A, Fazekas-Pongor V, Lehoczki A. Geroscience and pathology: a new frontier in understanding age-related diseases. Pathol Oncol Res 2024; 30:1611623. [PMID: 38463143 PMCID: PMC10922957 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2024.1611623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Geroscience, a burgeoning discipline at the intersection of aging and disease, aims to unravel the intricate relationship between the aging process and pathogenesis of age-related diseases. This paper explores the pivotal role played by geroscience in reshaping our understanding of pathology, with a particular focus on age-related diseases. These diseases, spanning cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders, malignancies, and neurodegenerative conditions, significantly contribute to the morbidity and mortality of older individuals. We delve into the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning aging, including mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence, and elucidate their profound implications for the pathogenesis of various age-related diseases. Emphasis is placed on the importance of assessing key biomarkers of aging and biological age within the realm of pathology. We also scrutinize the interplay between cellular senescence and cancer biology as a central area of focus, underscoring its paramount significance in contemporary pathological research. Moreover, we shed light on the integration of anti-aging interventions that target fundamental aging processes, such as senolytics, mitochondria-targeted treatments, and interventions that influence epigenetic regulation within the domain of pathology research. In conclusion, the integration of geroscience concepts into pathological research heralds a transformative paradigm shift in our understanding of disease pathogenesis and promises breakthroughs in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Fekete
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Major
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Feher
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Departments of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Saint Ladislaus Campus, Budapest, Hungary
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Chen B, Liu X, Wu S, Hou J, Shang P, Chamba Y, Mehmood K, Fouad D, Li Y, Zhang H. Inhalation of ammonia promotes apoptosis and induces autophagy in hepatocytes via Bax/BCl-2 and m-TOR/ATG5/LC-3bII axes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169036. [PMID: 38061639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is an irritating gas and atmospheric pollutant that endangers the health of humans and animals by stimulating respiratory tract's mucosa and causing liver damage. However, physiological role of ammonia gas in hepatotoxicity remains unclear. To investigate the hepatotoxic effects of inhaled ammonia gas, experiments were conducted using mouse model exposed to 100 ppm of ammonia gas for 21 days. The exposed mice exhibited signs of depression, emaciation, and reduced growth. This study revealed that inhalation of ammonia led to significant decrease in water (P < 0.0001) and food intake (P < 0.05), resulting in slower growth. Histopathological analysis showed that ammonia stress alters the microstructure of the liver by enlarging the gap between hepatic lobule and fibrosis. Moreover, ammonia-induced stress significantly reduces the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCl-2 (P < 0.001), while elevates the mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax (P < 0.001). Furthermore, ammonia inhalation significantly increases the protein expression of LC-3bII (P < 0.05) and the mRNA expression of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) (P < 0.05) and p62 (P < 0.05) while remarkably decreases the mRNA expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (m-TOR) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that inhalation of ammonia gas causes liver damage and suggests autophagy happening via m-TOR/p62/LC-3bII and pro-apoptosis effect mediated by Bax/BCl-2 in the liver damage caused by ammonia inhalation. Our study provides a new perspective on ammonia-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shouyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junhong Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Animal Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Yangzom Chamba
- Animal Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Dalia Fouad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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22
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Zhang Y, Li W, Yang Y, Zhang S, Yang H, Hao Y, Fang X, Du G, Shi J, Wu L, Wang J. AAA237, an SKP2 inhibitor, suppresses glioblastoma by inducing BNIP3-dependent autophagy through the mTOR pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:69. [PMID: 38341584 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common brain tumor with the worst prognosis. Temozolomide is the only first-line drug for GBM. Unfortunately, the resistance issue is a classic problem. Therefore, it is essential to develop new drugs to treat GBM. As an oncogene, Skp2 is involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers including GBM. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effect of AAA237 on human glioblastoma cells and its underlying mechanism. METHODS CCK-8 assay was conducted to evaluate IC50 values of AAA237 at 48, and 72 h, respectively. The Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) was employed to ascertain the status of Skp2 as an intrinsic target of AAA237 inside the cellular milieu. The EdU-DNA synthesis test, Soft-Agar assay and Matrigel assay were performed to check the suppressive effects of AAA237 on cell growth. To identify the migration and invasion ability of GBM cells, transwell assay was conducted. RT-qPCR and Western Blot were employed to verify the level of BNIP3. The mRFP-GFP-LC3 indicator system was utilized to assess alterations in autophagy flux and investigate the impact of AAA237 on the dynamic fusion process between autophagosomes and lysosomes. To investigate the effect of compound AAA237 on tumor growth in vivo, LN229 cells were injected into the brains of mice in an orthotopic model. RESULTS AAA237 could inhibit the growth of GBM cells in vitro. AAA237 could bind to Skp2 and inhibit Skp2 expression and the degradation of p21 and p27. In a dose-dependent manner, AAA237 demonstrated the ability to inhibit colony formation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells. AAA237 treatment could upregulate BNIP3 as the hub gene and therefore induce BNIP3-dependent autophagy through the mTOR pathway whereas 3-MA can somewhat reverse this process. In vivo, the administration of AAA237 effectively suppressed the development of glioma tumors with no side effects. CONCLUSION Compound AAA237, a novel Skp2 inhibitor, inhibited colony formation, migration and invasion of GBM cells in a dose-dependent manner and time-dependent manner through upregulating BNIP3 as the hub gene and induced BNIP3-dependent autophagy through the mTOR pathway therefore it might be a viable therapeutic drug for the management of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yue Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xu Fang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lianqiu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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23
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Gulzar M, Noor S, Hasan GM, Hassan MI. The role of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 in cellular signaling: Implications for drug development. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128725. [PMID: 38092114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is a ubiquitously expressed protein belonging to the Ser/Thr kinase family. It regulates diverse physiological processes, including epithelial sodium channel activity, hypertension, cell proliferation, and insulin sensitivity. Due to its significant role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, SGK1 can be exploited as a potential therapeutic target to address challenging health problems. SGK1 is associated with the development of obesity, and its overexpression enhances the sodium-glucose co-transporter 1 activity, which absorbs intestinal glucose. This review highlighted the detailed functional significance of SGK1 signaling and role in different diseases and subsequent therapeutic targeting. We aim to provide deeper mechanistic insights into understanding the pathogenesis and recent advancements in the SGK1 targeted drug development process. Small-molecule inhibitors are being developed with excellent binding affinity and improved SGK1 inhibition with desired selectivity. We have discussed small molecule inhibitors designed explicitly as potent SGK1 inhibitors and their therapeutic implications in various diseases. We further addressed the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of these SGK1 inhibitors and provided a strong scientific foundation for developing effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Gulzar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saba Noor
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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24
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Xie L, Li R, Zhang J, Li H, Gao X, Zhang M. Methionine Promotes Milk Synthesis through the BRCC36-BRG1-mTOR Signaling Axis in Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2135-2144. [PMID: 38240727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Methionine (Met) functions as a key stimulator on the mTOR signaling pathway and milk synthesis, but the molecular mechanism remains incompletely understood. We investigated the regulatory roles of BRCC36 in Met-stimulated milk lipid and protein synthesis, cell proliferation, and the mTOR signaling pathway. Knockdown of BRCC36 promoted milk lipid and protein synthesis in HC11 cells as well as cell proliferation by increasing the levels of mTOR gene transcription and protein phosphorylation. Conversely, the gene activation of BRCC36 had opposite effects. Furthermore, BRCC36 gene activation completely blocked Met stimulation on the BRG1 protein level and mTOR mRNA level and protein phosphorylation. BRCC36 bound to BRG1, and BRCC36 and BRG1 bound to the same region on the mTOR promoter. BRCC36 inhibited the BRG1 protein level and the binding of BRG1 to the mTOR promoter. Met decreased the BRCC36 protein level, and this effect was significantly attenuated by MG132 but not affected by cycloheximide or chloroquine. We further showed that Met increased BRCC36 ubiquitination degradation. Our findings reveal that Met promotes milk lipid and protein synthesis in MECs through the BRCC36-BRG1-mTOR signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Heqian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou 434025, China
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25
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Ryan CB, Choi JS, Kang B, Herr S, Pereira C, Moraes CT, Al-Ali H, Lee JK. PI3K signaling promotes formation of lipid-laden foamy macrophages at the spinal cord injury site. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 190:106370. [PMID: 38049013 PMCID: PMC10804283 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), infiltrating macrophages undergo excessive phagocytosis of myelin and cellular debris, forming lipid-laden foamy macrophages. To understand their role in the cellular pathology of SCI, investigation of the foamy macrophage phenotype in vitro revealed a pro-inflammatory profile, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Bioinformatic analysis identified PI3K as a regulator of inflammation in foamy macrophages, and inhibition of this pathway decreased their lipid content, inflammatory cytokines, and ROS production. Macrophage-specific inhibition of PI3K using liposomes significantly decreased foamy macrophages at the injury site after a mid-thoracic contusive SCI in mice. RNA sequencing and in vitro analysis of foamy macrophages revealed increased autophagy and decreased phagocytosis after PI3K inhibition as potential mechanisms for reduced lipid accumulation. Together, our data suggest that the formation of pro-inflammatory foamy macrophages after SCI is due to the activation of PI3K signaling, which increases phagocytosis and decreases autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine B Ryan
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - James S Choi
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Brian Kang
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Seth Herr
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Claudia Pereira
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America; Department of Medicine Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Jae K Lee
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
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26
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De D, Ghosh G, Karmakar P. Sumoylation and phosphorylation of PTEN boosts and curtails autophagy respectively by influencing cell membrane localisation. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113872. [PMID: 38072303 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in the entirety of cellular survival, homeostasis and death which becomes more self-evident when its dysregulation is implicated in several pathological conditions. PTEN positively regulates autophagy and like other proteins undergo post-translational modifications. It is crucial to investigate the relationship between PTEN and autophagy as it is generally observed to be negligible in PTEN deficient cancer cells. Here, we have shown that such modifications of PTEN namely sumoylation and phosphorylation upregulates and downregulates autophagy respectively. Transfection of plasmid containing full length PTEN in PTEN-negative prostate cancer cell line PC3, induced autophagy on further starvation. When a sumoylation-deficient mutant of PTEN was transfected and cells were put under similar starvation, a decline in autophagy was observed. On the other hand, cells transfected with phosphorylation-deficient mutant of PTEN showed elevated expression of autophagy. Contrarily, transfection with phosphorylation-mimicking mutant caused reduced expression of autophagy. On further analysis, it was detected that PTEN's association with the plasma membrane was under positive and negative influence from its sumoylation and phosphorylation respectively. This association is integral as it is the foremost site for PTEN to oppose PI3K/AKT pathway and consequently upregulate autophagy. Thus, this study indicates that sumoylation and phosphorylation of PTEN can control autophagy via its cell membrane association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti De
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ginia Ghosh
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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27
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Mohite R, Doshi G. Elucidation of the Role of the Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Human Malignancies. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:231-244. [PMID: 37526459 DOI: 10.2174/1568009623666230801094826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway modulates cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and movement. Moreover, significant studies have shown that the genes involved in this pathway are frequently activated in human cancer. Observational and computational modeling of the PI3K/AKt/ mTOR pathway inhibitors has been explored in clinical trials. It has been observed that the effectiveness and safety evidence from clinical studies and various inhibitors of this route have been given FDA approval. In this review article, we focused on the processes behind the overactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in cancer and provided an overview of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors as either individual drugs or a combination of different doses of drugs for different types of cancer. Furthermore, the review discusses the biological function and activation of the PI3K/AKt/mTOR signaling and their role in the development of cancers. Additionally, we discussed the potential challenges and corresponding prediction biomarkers of response and resistance for PI3K/Akt/m- TOR inhibitor development. The article focuses on the most current breakthroughs in using the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to target certain molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Mohite
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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28
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Dupont N, Claude-Taupin A, Codogno P. A historical perspective of macroautophagy regulation by biochemical and biomechanical stimuli. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:17-31. [PMID: 37777819 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a lysosomal degradative pathway for intracellular macromolecules, protein aggregates, and organelles. The formation of the autophagosome, a double membrane-bound structure that sequesters cargoes before their delivery to the lysosome, is regulated by several stimuli in multicellular organisms. Pioneering studies in rat liver showed the importance of amino acids, insulin, and glucagon in controlling macroautophagy. Thereafter, many studies have deciphered the signaling pathways downstream of these biochemical stimuli to control autophagosome formation. Two signaling hubs have emerged: the kinase mTOR, in a complex at the surface of lysosomes which is sensitive to nutrients and hormones; and AMPK, which is sensitive to the cellular energetic status. Besides nutritional, hormonal, and energetic fluctuations, many organs have to respond to mechanical forces (compression, stretching, and shear stress). Recent studies have shown the importance of mechanotransduction in controlling macroautophagy. This regulation engages cell surface sensors, such as the primary cilium, in order to translate mechanical stimuli into biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dupont
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, France
| | - Aurore Claude-Taupin
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, France
| | - Patrice Codogno
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, France
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29
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Maestro I, Madruga E, Boya P, Martínez A. Identification of a new structural family of SGK1 inhibitors as potential neuroprotective agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2153841. [PMID: 36637025 PMCID: PMC9848319 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2153841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
SGK1 is a serine/threonine kinase involved in several neurodegenerative-related pathways such as apoptosis, neuroinflammation, ionic channel regulation, and autophagy, among others. Despite its potential role as a pharmacological target against this kind of diseases, there are no reported inhibitors able to cross the BBB so far, being a field yet to be explored. In this context, a structure-based virtual screening against this kinase was performed, pointing out the deazapurine moiety as an interesting and easy-to-derivatize scaffold. Moreover, these inhibitors are able to i) exert neuroprotection in an in vitro model of AD and ii) block mitophagy in a PRKN-independent manner, reinforcing the hypothesis of SGK1 inhibitors as neuroprotective chemical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Maestro
- Centro de Investigaciones, Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Madruga
- Centro de Investigaciones, Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Boya
- Centro de Investigaciones, Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones, Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,CONTACT Ana Martínez CIB-CSIC, Ramiro Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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30
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Yang G, Yang Y, Liu Y, Liu X. Regulation of alveolar macrophage death in pulmonary fibrosis: a review. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1505-1519. [PMID: 37707713 PMCID: PMC10618387 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a disease in which excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation occurs in pulmonary mesenchyme, which induces the destruction of alveolar structures and poor prognosis. Macrophage death is responsible for ECM accumulation after alveolar epithelial injury in PF. Depending on the local micro-environments, macrophages can be polarized to either classically activated (M1) or alternatively activated (M2) macrophage phenotypes. In general, M1 macrophages can promote inflammation and sterilization, stop the continuous damage process and prevent excessive repair, while M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory and promote tissue repair, and excessive M2 macrophage activity may inhibit the absorption and degradation of ECM. Emerging evidence has revealed that death forms such as pyroptosis mediated by inflammasome affect polarization direction and ultimately lead to the development of PF. Pharmacological manipulation of macrophages death signals may serve as a logical therapeutic strategy for PF. This review will focus on the current state of knowledge regarding the regulation and underlying mechanisms of macrophages and their mediators in the influence of macrophage death on the development of PF. We expect to provide help in developing effective therapeutic strategies in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganghao Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoshu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan Street, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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31
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Kim SG, Sung JY, Kang YJ, Choi HC. PPARγ activation by fisetin mitigates vascular smooth muscle cell senescence via the mTORC2-FoxO3a-autophagy signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115892. [PMID: 37890594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is caused by diverse stimuli and contributes to cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have indicated that PPARγ acts as a key mediator of lipid metabolism and shown that it has a protective effect on vascular biology. Nevertheless, the mechanism responsible for the anti-aging effects of PPARγ has not been fully elucidated in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). Furthermore, although mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) is known to be involved in cellular senescence and autophagy, relatively few studies have investigated its effects as compared with mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). Therefore, we focused on mTORC2 function and investigated the relationship between PPARγ and mTORC2, and the anti-aging mechanism in VSMC. We found PPARγ activation dose-dependently mitigated the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced senescence. Treatment of fisetin induced the translocation of PPARγ from cytosol to nuclear and inhibited VSMC senescence. Moreover, activated PPARγ increased PTEN transcription, leading to inhibition of the mTORC2 signaling pathway. We determined mTORC2 activation contributed to senescence by suppressing the FoxO3a-autophagy signaling pathway, and dual knockdown of mTORC1 and mTORC2 decreased cellular senescence and increased autophagy activation more than respective single knockdown. Finally, fisetin acted as a PPARγ activator and inhibited VSMC senescence through the mTORC2-FoxO3a-autophagy signaling pathway. These results demonstrate PPARγ is associated with cellular senescence and that fisetin has an anti-aging effect via PPARγ activation and mTORC2 inhibition in VSMC. These results demonstrate that the mTORC2 signaling pathway regulates autophagy and cellular senescence, which suggests mTORC2 should be considered a significant target for preventing cellular senescence and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea; Senotherapy-based Metabolic Disease Control Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea; Senotherapy-based Metabolic Disease Control Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Chul Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea; Senotherapy-based Metabolic Disease Control Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Ma C, Li Q, Yang Y, Ge L, Cai J, Wang J, Zhu M, Xiong Y, Zhang W, Xie J, Cao Y, Zhao H, Wei Q, Huang C, Shi J, Zhang JV, Duan E, Lei X. mTOR hypoactivity leads to trophectoderm cell failure by enhancing lysosomal activation and disrupting the cytoskeleton in preimplantation embryo. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:219. [PMID: 38037142 PMCID: PMC10688112 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic homeostasis is closely related to early impairment of cell fate determination and embryo development. The protein kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of cellular metabolism in the body. Inhibition of mTOR signaling in early embryo causes postimplantation development failure, yet the mechanisms are still poorly understood. METHODS Pregnancy mice and preimplantation mouse embryo were treated with mTOR inhibitor in vivo and in vitro respectively, and subsequently examined the blastocyst formation, implantation, and post-implantation development. We used immunofluorescence staining, RNA-Seq smart2, and genome-wide bisulfite sequencing technologies to investigate the impact of mTOR inhibitors on the quality, cell fate determination, and molecular alterations in developing embryos. RESULTS We showed mTOR suppression during preimplantation decreases the rate of blastocyst formation and the competency of implantation, impairs the post implantation embryonic development. We discovered that blocking mTOR signaling negatively affected the transformation of 8-cell embryos into blastocysts and caused various deficiencies in blastocyst quality. These included problems with compromised trophectoderm cell differentiation, as well as disruptions in cell fate specification. mTOR suppression significantly affected the transcription and DNA methylation of embryos. Treatment with mTOR inhibitors increase lysosomal activation and disrupts the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in blastocysts. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that mTOR plays a crucial role in 8-cell to blastocyst transition and safeguards embryo quality during early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyuan Ma
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qin Li
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiaxuan Cai
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Maoxian Zhu
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yue Xiong
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingtong Xie
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yujing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huashan Zhao
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Junchao Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jian V Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Ponticelli C, Reggiani F, Moroni G. Autophagy: A Silent Protagonist in Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation 2023:00007890-990000000-00597. [PMID: 37953477 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent regulated mechanism that recycles unnecessary cytoplasmic components. It is now known that autophagy dysfunction may have a pathogenic role in several human diseases and conditions, including kidney transplantation. Both defective and excessive autophagy may induce or aggravate several complications of kidney transplantation, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, alloimmune response, and immunosuppressive treatment and side effects. Although it is still complicated to measure autophagy levels in clinical practice, more attention should be paid to the factors that may influence autophagy. In kidney transplantation, the association of low doses of a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor with low doses of a calcineurin inhibitor may be of benefit for autophagy modulation. However, further studies are needed to explore the role of other autophagy regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Reggiani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Moroni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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34
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Scieszka D, Bolt AM, McCormick MA, Brigman JL, Campen MJ. Aging, longevity, and the role of environmental stressors: a focus on wildfire smoke and air quality. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1267667. [PMID: 37900096 PMCID: PMC10600394 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1267667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process involving multiple interacting mechanisms and is being increasingly linked to environmental exposures such as wildfire smoke. In this review, we detail the hallmarks of aging, emphasizing the role of telomere attrition, cellular senescence, epigenetic alterations, proteostasis, genomic instability, and mitochondrial dysfunction, while also exploring integrative hallmarks - altered intercellular communication and stem cell exhaustion. Within each hallmark of aging, our review explores how environmental disasters like wildfires, and their resultant inhaled toxicants, interact with these aging mechanisms. The intersection between aging and environmental exposures, especially high-concentration insults from wildfires, remains under-studied. Preliminary evidence, from our group and others, suggests that inhaled wildfire smoke can accelerate markers of neurological aging and reduce learning capabilities. This is likely mediated by the augmentation of circulatory factors that compromise vascular and blood-brain barrier integrity, induce chronic neuroinflammation, and promote age-associated proteinopathy-related outcomes. Moreover, wildfire smoke may induce a reduced metabolic, senescent cellular phenotype. Future interventions could potentially leverage combined anti-inflammatory and NAD + boosting compounds to counter these effects. This review underscores the critical need to study the intricate interplay between environmental factors and the biological mechanisms of aging to pave the way for effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Scieszka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Alicia M. Bolt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Mark A. McCormick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Brigman
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Xie L, Li W, Zheng X, Liu L, Lin L, Niu J, Yang T. Treponema pallidum membrane protein Tp47 induced autophagy and inhibited cell migration in HMC3 cells via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3065-3074. [PMID: 37487001 PMCID: PMC10568662 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The migratory ability of microglia facilitates their rapid transport to a site of injury to kill and remove pathogens. However, the effect of Treponema pallidum membrane proteins on microglia migration remains unclear. The effect of Tp47 on the migration ability and autophagy and related mechanisms were investigated using the human microglial clone 3 cell line. Tp47 inhibited microglia migration, the expression of autophagy-associated protein P62 decreased, the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I increased, and the autophagic flux increased in this process. Furthermore, autophagy was significantly inhibited, and microglial cell migration was significantly increased after neutralisation with an anti-Tp47 antibody. In addition, Tp47 significantly inhibited the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR proteins, and the sequential activation of steps in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways effectively prevented Tp47-induced autophagy. Moreover, Tp47 significantly inhibited the expression of p-FOXO1 protein and promoted FOXO1 nuclear translocation. Inhibition of FOXO1 effectively suppressed Tp47-induced activation of autophagy and inhibition of migration. Treponema pallidum membrane protein Tp47-induced autophagy and inhibited cell migration in HMC3 Cells via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway. These data will contribute to understanding the mechanism by which T. pallidum escapes immune killing and clearance after invasion into the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Wei Li
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Xin‐Qi Zheng
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Li‐Li Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Li‐Rong Lin
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Jian‐Jun Niu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Tian‐Ci Yang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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36
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Zeng Y, Xiong C, Chen Y, Yang C, Li Q. Effects and mechanism of Rictor interference in podocyte injury induced by high glucose. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:473. [PMID: 37753299 PMCID: PMC10518650 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (Rictor) is a critical effector of mTOR protein complex 2 (mTORC2). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Rictor in the mTORC2 signaling pathway in high glucose (HG)-induced diabetic podocyte injury by silencing the expression of Rictor. In the present study, mouse podocytes were treated with glucose (150 mM) and mannitol (200 mM), the Rictor gene was silenced using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, whereas podocyte cytoskeletal protein expression was detected by western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence staining. The results demonstrated that, compared with that in the control group, the podocyte apoptotic rate was significantly increased in the mannitol group (negative group) and the groups that were treated with glucose (model groups). The podocyte apoptotic rate in the model + Rictor siRNA group was significantly decreased compared with that in the negative, model and the model glucose + siRNA negative control (NC) groups. WB indicated that the protein expression levels of podocalyxin and synaptopodin were reduced in the model and model + siRNA NC groups compared with those in the normal control and negative groups. Additionally, the protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and P-AKT/AKT were increased in the model and model + siRNA NC groups compared with the those in control and negative groups. Compared with those the model and model + siRNA NC groups, the protein expression levels of podocalyxin and synaptopodin were increased, whilst those of the α-SMA and P-AKT/AKT proteins were decreased, in the model + Rictor siRNA group. Results from immunofluorescence analysis were basically consistent with those of WB. Therefore, results of the present study suggest that silencing of the Rictor gene may reduce the damage to podocytes induced by HG, such that the Rictor/mTORC2 signaling pathway may be involved in the remodeling of podocyte actin cytoskeletal in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Changbin Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yinxiang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chunyun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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37
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Yao R, Shen J. Chaperone-mediated autophagy: Molecular mechanisms, biological functions, and diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e347. [PMID: 37655052 PMCID: PMC10466100 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a lysosomal degradation pathway that eliminates substrate proteins through heat-shock cognate protein 70 recognition and lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A-assisted translocation. It is distinct from macroautophagy and microautophagy. In recent years, the regulatory mechanisms of CMA have been gradually enriched, including the newly discovered NRF2 and p38-TFEB signaling, as positive and negative regulatory pathways of CMA, respectively. Normal CMA activity is involved in the regulation of metabolism, aging, immunity, cell cycle, and other physiological processes, while CMA dysfunction may be involved in the occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders, tumors, intestinal disorders, atherosclerosis, and so on, which provides potential targets for the treatment and prediction of related diseases. This article describes the general process of CMA and its role in physiological activities and summarizes the connection between CMA and macroautophagy. In addition, human diseases that concern the dysfunction or protective role of CMA are discussed. Our review deepens the understanding of the mechanisms and physiological functions of CMA and provides a summary of past CMA research and a vision of future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchen Yao
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKey Laboratory of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMinistry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research CenterShanghaiChina
- Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive DiseaseShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKey Laboratory of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMinistry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research CenterShanghaiChina
- Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive DiseaseShanghaiChina
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38
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Zhao Y, Zhao C, Guo H, Zhang Z, Xu H, Shi M, Xu Y, Wei D, Zhao Y. mTORC2 orchestrates monocytic and granulocytic lineage commitment by an ATF5-mediated pathway. iScience 2023; 26:107540. [PMID: 37649699 PMCID: PMC10462862 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid hematopoiesis is a finely controlled consecutive developmental process, which is essential to maintain peripheral innate immune homeostasis. Herein, we found that Rictor deletion caused the remarkable reduction of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs), monocytes, and macrophages, while the levels of neutrophils were unaffected. Adoptive transfer of Rictor-deleted GMPs or common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) in syngeneic mice showed poor re-constitution of monocytes compared to wild-type GMPs or CMPs. In addition to decreasing the proliferation of CMPs/GMPs, Rictor deletion preferentially inhibited Ly6C+ monocyte differentiation, while enhancing neutrophil differentiation, as determined by colony formation assays. mTORC2 promotes monocyte development by downregulation of the AKT-Foxo4-activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5)-mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) pathway. Genetic overexpression of ATF5 or exposure to ethidium bromide significantly rescued monocyte/macrophage differentiation defects of Rictor-deficient myeloid progenitors. Therefore, Rictor is required for CMP/GMP proliferation and acts as an important switch to balance monocytic and granulocytic lineage commitment in bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Han Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huawen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingpu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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39
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Chen JL, Wu X, Yin D, Jia XH, Chen X, Gu ZY, Zhu XM. Autophagy inhibitors for cancer therapy: Small molecules and nanomedicines. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 249:108485. [PMID: 37406740 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved process in which the cytosolic materials are degraded and eventually recycled for cellular metabolism to maintain homeostasis. The dichotomous role of autophagy in pathogenesis is complicated. Accumulating reports have suggested that cytoprotective autophagy is responsible for tumor growth and progression. Autophagy inhibitors, such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are promising for treating malignancies or overcoming drug resistance in chemotherapy. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials also show autophagy-inhibitory effects or are reported as the carriers delivering autophagy inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the small-molecule compounds and nanomaterials inhibiting autophagic flux as well as the mechanisms involved. The nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for autophagy inhibitors and their distinct advantages are also described. The progress of autophagy inhibitors for clinical applications is finally introduced, and their future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Dan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ze-Yun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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Bielawska M, Warszyńska M, Stefańska M, Błyszczuk P. Autophagy in Heart Failure: Insights into Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:352. [PMID: 37623365 PMCID: PMC10456056 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10080352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a dynamic and complex process responsible for the clearance of damaged cellular components, plays a crucial role in maintaining myocardial homeostasis. In the context of heart failure, autophagy has been recognized as a response mechanism aimed at counteracting pathogenic processes and promoting cellular health. Its relevance has been underscored not only in various animal models, but also in the human heart. Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to understanding the significance of autophagy and unravelling its complex molecular mechanisms. This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge of the involvement of autophagy during the progression of heart failure. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive overview of published data on the impact of autophagy deregulation achieved by genetic modifications or by pharmacological interventions in ischemic and non-ischemic models of heart failure. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate molecular mechanisms through which autophagy regulates crucial cellular processes within the three predominant cell populations of the heart: cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Finally, we emphasize the need for future research to unravel the therapeutic potential associated with targeting autophagy in the management of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bielawska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children’s Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland; (M.B.)
| | - Marta Warszyńska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children’s Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland; (M.B.)
| | - Monika Stefańska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children’s Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland; (M.B.)
| | - Przemysław Błyszczuk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children’s Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland; (M.B.)
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
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Melanis K, Stefanou MI, Themistoklis KM, Papasilekas T. mTOR pathway - a potential therapeutic target in stroke. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2023; 16:17562864231187770. [PMID: 37576547 PMCID: PMC10413897 DOI: 10.1177/17562864231187770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide and a major cause of long-term disability. A potential therapeutic target that could offer favorable outcomes in stroke is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase that composes two protein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), and is regulated by other proteins such as the tuberous sclerosis complex. Through a significant number of signaling pathways, the mTOR pathway can modulate the processes of post-ischemic inflammation and autophagy, both of which play an integral part in the pathophysiological cascade of stroke. Promoting or inhibiting such processes under ischemic conditions can lead to apoptosis or instead sustained viability of neurons. The purpose of this review is to examine the pathophysiological role of mTOR in acute ischemic stroke, while highlighting promising neuroprotective agents such as hamartin for therapeutic modulation of this pathway. The therapeutic potential of mTOR is also discussed, with emphasis on implicated molecules and pathway steps that warrant further elucidation in order for their neuroprotective properties to be efficiently tested in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Melanis
- Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and ‘Attikon’ University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1 Chaidari, Athens 12462, Greece
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Ioanna Stefanou
- Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and ‘Attikon’ University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos M. Themistoklis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, ‘Korgialenio, Benakio, H.R.C’. General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Papasilekas
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, ‘Korgialenio, Benakio, H.R.C’. General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Shen X, Deng Y, Chen L, Liu C, Li L, Huang Y. Modulation of Autophagy Direction to Enhance Antitumor Effect of Endoplasmic-Reticulum-Targeted Therapy: Left or Right? ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301434. [PMID: 37290058 PMCID: PMC10427372 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Strategies that induce dysfunction in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) hold great promise for anticancer therapy, but remain unsatisfactory due to the compensatory autophagy induction after ER disruption. Moreover, as autophagy can either promote or suppress cell survival, which direction of autophagy better suits ER-targeting therapy remains controversial. Here, a targeted nanosystem is constructed, which efficiently escorts anticancer therapeutics into the ER, triggering substantial ER stress and autophagy. Concurrently, an autophagy enhancer or inhibitor is combined into the same nanoparticle, and their impacts on ER-related activities are compared. In the orthotopic breast cancer mouse model, the autophagy enhancer increases the antimetastasis effect of ER-targeting therapy and suppresses over 90% of cancer metastasis, while the autophagy inhibitor has a bare effect. Mechanism studies reveal that further enhancing autophagy accelerates central protein snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1) degradation, suppressing downstream epithelial-mesenchymal transition, while inhibiting autophagy does the opposite. With the same trend, ER-targeting therapy combined with an autophagy enhancer provokes stronger immune response and tumor inhibition than the autophagy inhibitor. Mechanism studies reveal that the autophagy enhancer elevates Ca2+ release from the ER and functions as a cascade amplifier of ER dysfunction, which accelerates Ca2+ release, resulting in immunogenic cell death (ICD) induction and eventually triggering immune responses. Together, ER-targeting therapy benefits from the autophagy-enhancing strategy more than the autophagy-inhibiting strategy for antitumor and antimetastasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Shen
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Yudi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Chendong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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Zhao W, Xie C, Zhang X, Liu J, Liu J, Xia Z. Advances in the mTOR signaling pathway and its inhibitor rapamycin in epilepsy. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2995. [PMID: 37221133 PMCID: PMC10275542 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epilepsy is one of the most common and serious brain syndromes and has adverse consequences on a patient's neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social wellbeing, thereby threatening their quality of life. Some patients with epilepsy experience poor treatment effects due to the unclear pathophysiological mechanisms of the syndrome. Dysregulation of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is thought to play an important role in the onset and progression of some epilepsies. METHODS This review summarizes the role of the mTOR signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and the prospects for the use of mTOR inhibitors. RESULTS The mTOR pathway functions as a vital mediator in epilepsy development through diverse mechanisms, indicating that the it has great potential as an effective target for epilepsy therapy. The excessive activation of mTOR signaling pathway leads to structural changes in neurons, inhibits autophagy, exacerbates neuron damage, affects mossy fiber sprouting, enhances neuronal excitability, increases neuroinflammation, and is closely associated with tau upregulation in epilepsy. A growing number of studies have demonstrated that mTOR inhibitors exhibit significant antiepileptic effects in both clinical applications and animal models. Specifically, rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of TOR, reduces the intensity and frequency of seizures. Clinical studies in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex have shown that rapamycin has the function of reducing seizures and improving this disease. Everolimus, a chemically modified derivative of rapamycin, has been approved as an added treatment to other antiepileptic medicines. Further explorations are needed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and application value of mTOR inhibitors in epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS Targeting the mTOR signaling pathway provides a promising prospect for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of GerontologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
| | - Cong Xie
- Department of GerontologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of GerontologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
| | - Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular MedicineMedical Research CenterShandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jinzhi Liu
- Department of GerontologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
- Department of NeurologyLiaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical UniversityLiaochengChina
- Department of GerontologyCheeloo College of MedicineShandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Geriatric NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
| | - Zhangyong Xia
- Department of NeurologyLiaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical UniversityLiaochengChina
- Department of NeurologyCheeloo College of MedicineLiaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
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Gao L, Liu G, Wu X, Liu C, Wang Y, Ma M, Ma Y, Hao Z. Osteocytes autophagy mediated by mTORC2 activation controls osteoblasts differentiation and osteoclasts activities under mechanical loading. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 742:109634. [PMID: 37164247 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important mechanosensitive response for cellular homeostasis and survival in osteocytes. However, the mechanism and its effect on bone metabolism have not yet clarified. The objective of this study was to evaluate how compressive cyclic force (CCF) induced autophagic response in osteocytes and to determine the effect of mechanically induced-autophagy on bone cells including osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Autophagic puncta observed in MLO-Y4 cells increased after exposure to CCF. The upregulated levels of the LC3-II isoform and the degradation of p62 further confirmed the increased autophagic flux. Additionally, ATP synthesis and release, osteocalcin (OCN) expression, and cell survival increased in osteocytes as well. The Murine osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were cultured in conditioned medium collected from MLO-Y4 cells subjected to CCF. The concentration of FGF23 increased and the concentrations of SOST and M-CSF and RANKL/OPG ratio decreased significantly in the conditioned medium. Moreover, the promotion of osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and function in RAW 264.7 cells were significantly attenuated when osteocytes autophagy was inhibited by siAtg7. Our findings suggested that CCF induced protective autophagy in osteocytes and subsequently enhanced osteocytes survival and osteoblasts differentiation and downregulated osteoclasts activities. Further study revealed that CCF induced autophagic response in osteocytes through mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) activation. In conclusion, CCF-induced osteocytes autophagy upon mTORC2 activation promoted osteocytes survival and osteogenic response and decreased osteoclastic function. Thus, osteocytes autophagy will provide a promising target for better understanding of bone physiology and treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Gen Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xiangnan Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Chuanzi Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yiqiao Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Meirui Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| | - Zhichao Hao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
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Fu S, Xu S, Zhang S. The role of amino acid metabolism alterations in pancreatic cancer: From mechanism to application. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188893. [PMID: 37015314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing in both developed and developing Nations. In recent years, various research evidence suggested that reprogrammed metabolism may play a key role in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and development. Therefore, it has great potential as a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic target. Amino acid metabolism is deregulated in pancreatic cancer, and changes in amino acid metabolism can affect cancer cell status, systemic metabolism in malignant tumor patients and mistakenly involved in different biological processes including stemness, proliferation and growth, invasion and migration, redox state maintenance, autophagy, apoptosis and even tumor microenvironment interaction. Generally, the above effects are achieved through two pathways, energy metabolism and signal transduction. This review aims to highlight the current research progress on the abnormal alterations of amino acids metabolism in pancreatic cancer, how they affect tumorigenesis and development of pancreatic cancer and the application prospects of them as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenao Fu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Shaokang Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Shubing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
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Shi W, Peng K, Yu H, Wang Z, Xia S, Xiao S, Tian D, Vallance BA, Yu Q. Autotaxin (ATX) inhibits autophagy leading to exaggerated disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier in colitis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166647. [PMID: 36746254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated disease. Autotaxin (ATX) is associated with increased inflammatory molecules, however, its effect on IBD is not well understood. Autophagy plays an important role in IBD, whether ATX and autophagy act in concert in IBD remains unknown. This study is to explore the possible mechanisms of ATX affecting autophagy leading to the disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier, thereby exacerbating colitis. The expression of ATX was upregulated in UC patients and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Here, we described that providing an ATX inhibitor during DSS colitis increased autophagy and ameliorated colonic inflammation. Conversely, intrarectal administration with recombinant (r)ATX increased colitis and decreased autophagy. This pro-colitic effect was attenuated in mice treated with rapamycin, resulting in increased autophagy activity and mild colitis. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of rATX on autophagy was confirmed in vitro and was reversed by the addition of rapamycin. The damaging effects of ATX on epithelial barrier function were reversed by ATX inhibitor or rapamycin treatment. In sum, our results show that ATX can inhibit autophagy through the mTOR pathway, resulting in exaggerated damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier during colitis. These findings suggest that ATX may be a key pro-colitic factor, and represent a potential therapeutic target for treating IBD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kaixin Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongbing Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuhong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Siqi Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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miR-142-3p improves paclitaxel sensitivity in resistant breast cancer by inhibiting autophagy through the GNB2-AKT-mTOR Pathway. Cell Signal 2023; 103:110566. [PMID: 36539001 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer has overtaken lung cancer as the most prevalent cancer worldwide. The development of advanced drug resistance inhibits the efficacy of paclitaxel(PTX)as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer. Autophagy and microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in chemoresistance. This study investigated the miR-142-3p effect on PTX resistance by regulating autophagy. A PTX-resistant breast cancer cell line was constructed, and miR-142-3p and G protein beta polypeptide 2 (GNB2) were filtered out using RNA sequencing and protein microarray analysis. The study revealed that miR-142-3p expression was lower in drug-resistant cells compared parental cells. Higher miR-142-3p expression inhibited the viability, migration, and autophagic flux of drug-resistant cells, while promoting apoptosis and sensitivity to PTX treatment. Mechanistically, miR-142-3p was found to amend PTX resistance by targeting GNB2, further revealing that the knockdown of GNB2 expression could activate the AKT-mTOR pathway. This study suggests that GNB2 is an essential target for miR-142-3p to restrain autophagy, providing a new reference value for improving breast cancer PTX treatment.
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Lan J, Zhu Y, Rao J, Liu L, Gong A, Feng F, Chen B, Huang J, Zhang Y, Chu L, Zhong H, Li L, Yan J, Li W, Xue C. MTOR gene polymorphism may be associated with microscopic polyangiitis susceptibility in a Guangxi population of China. Gene X 2023; 854:147101. [PMID: 36496178 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) onset is affected by genetic predisposition. Autophagy plays a certain role in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis developing. A key factor in autophagy regulating, the genetic polymorphism of MTOR gene is essential. The objective was to explore the associations between MTOR gene polymorphism and MPA susceptibility in a Guangxi population of China. METHODS A sum of 208 MPA cases and 209 healthy volunteers from Guangxi in this case-control study, four important single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci of MTOR gene including rs3806317, rs1064261, rs1883965 and rs2295080 were examined. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction combined with high-throughput sequencing was performed. Subgroup analysis was evaluated by gender and ethnicity. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis were tested. Multi-SNPs interaction among mTOR signaling pathway was assessed. RESULTS For rs2295080, homozygous mutant GG genotype was associated with a decreased susceptibility of MPA in recessive model (OR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.14-1.00, p = 0.040), particularly in the subgroup of female (OR = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.03-0.74, p = 0.006) and Han population (OR = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.10-1.00, p = 0.034). Individual carrying G allele was linked with decreasing MPA susceptibility in Han population of Guangxi (OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.44-0.97, p = 0.036). In haplotype analysis, the haplotype AAT was correlated with increasing susceptibility of MPA (OR = 1.347, 95%CI: 1.004-1.807, p = 0.046). Moreover, in the multi-SNPs interaction analysis, the six-locus model was identified as the best interaction model (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that rs2295080 polymorphism of MTOR gene may be associated with MPA susceptibility in a Guangxi population of China and G allele might be an important protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jinlan Rao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Aimei Gong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China; Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Fei Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Bingfang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Junxia Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Liepeng Chu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Huan Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Lizhen Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China; Department of Nephrology, Hunan Research Institute of Geriatrics, The Peoples Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jinlian Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China.
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China.
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Ren L, Ren Q, Wang J, He Y, Deng H, Wang X, Liu C. miR-199a-3p promotes gastric cancer progression by promoting its stemness potential via DDR2 mediation. Cell Signal 2023; 106:110636. [PMID: 36813149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer (GC), however, the underlying mechanisms of PM occurrence remain unclear. METHOD The roles of DDR2 were investigated in GC and its potential relationship to PM, and orthotopic implants into nude mice were performed to assess the biological effects of DDR2 on PM. RESULTS Herein, DDR2 level is more significantly observed to elevate in PM lesion than the primary lesion. GC with DDR2-high expression evokes a worse overall survival (OS) in TCGA, similar results of the gloomy OS with high DDR2 levels are clarified via the stratifying stage of TNM. The conspicuously increased expression of DDR2 was found in GC cell lines, luciferase reporter assays verified that miR-199a-3p directly targeted DDR2 gene, which was correlated to tumor progression. We ulteriorly observed DDR2 participated in GC stemness maintenance via mediating pluripotency factor SOX2 expression and implicated in autophagy and DNA damage of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In particular, DDR2 dominated EMT programming through recruiting NFATc1-SOX2 complex to Snai1 in governing cell progression, controlling by DDR2-mTOR-SOX2 axis in SGC-7901 CSCs. Furthermore, DDR2 promoted the tumor peritoneal dissemination in gastric xenograft mouse model. CONCLUSION Phenotype screens and disseminated verifications incriminating in GC exposit the miR-199a-3p-DDR2-mTOR-SOX2 axis as a clinically actionable target for tumor PM progression. The herein-reported DDR2-based underlying axis in GC represents novel and potent tools for studying the mechanisms of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ren
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Qiang Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghong He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Inflammation and Allergic Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Inflammation and Allergic Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Thalkirchner Str. 36, Munich 80336, Germany.
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Baker IM, Smalley JP, Sabat KA, Hodgkinson JT, Cowley SM. Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis of Novel Class I HDAC Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs). Biochemistry 2023; 62:645-656. [PMID: 35948047 PMCID: PMC9910044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes;HDAC1,2 and 3 form the catalytic engine of at least seven structurally distinct multiprotein complexes in cells. These molecular machines play a vital role in the regulation of chromatin accessibility and gene activity via the removal of acetyl moieties from lysine residues within histone tails. Their inhibition via small molecule inhibitors has beneficial effects in a number of disease types, including the clinical treatment of hematological cancers. We have previously reported a library of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) incorporating a benzamide-based HDAC ligand (from CI-994), with an alkyl linker and ligand for the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase that degrade HDAC1-3 at submicromolar concentrations. Here we report the addition of two novel PROTACs (JPS026 and JPS027), which utilize a ligand for the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family of E3 ligases. We found that both VHL (JPS004)- and IAP (JPS026)-based PROTACs degrade HDAC1-3 and induce histone acetylation to a similar degree. However, JPS026 is significantly more potent at inducing cell death in HCT116 cells than is JPS004. RNA sequencing analysis of PROTAC-treated HCT116 cells showed a distinct gene expression signature in which cell cycle and DNA replication machinery are repressed. Components of the mTORC1 and -2 complexes were also reduced, leading to an increase in FOXO3 and downstream target genes that regulate autophagy and apoptosis. In summary, a novel combination of HDAC and IAP ligands generates a PROTAC with a potent ability to stimulate apoptosis and differential gene expression in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- India M Baker
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Joshua P Smalley
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Khadija A Sabat
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - James T Hodgkinson
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Shaun M Cowley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
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