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Li X, Zhou Z, Tao Y, He L, Zhan F, Li J. Linking homocysteine and ferroptosis in cardiovascular disease: insights and implications. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01999-6. [PMID: 39044092 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a metabolic intermediate product derived from methionine. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a condition associated with various diseases. Hcy is recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death, is primarily characterized by substantial iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Recent research indicates a close association between ferroptosis and the pathophysiological processes of tumors, neurological diseases, CVD, and other ailments. However, limited research has been conducted on the impact of Hcy on ferroptosis. Therefore, this paper aimed to investigate the potential roles and mechanisms of homocysteine and ferroptosis in the context of cardiovascular disease. By conducting comprehensive literature research and analysis, we aimed to summarize recent advancements in understanding the effects of homocysteine on ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases. This research contributes to a profound understanding of this critical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Fenfang Zhan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Juxiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Nalbant E, Akkaya-Ulum YZ. Exploring regulatory mechanisms on miRNAs and their implications in inflammation-related diseases. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:142. [PMID: 38958690 PMCID: PMC11222192 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive exploration delves into the pivotal role of microRNAs (miRNAs) within the intricate tapestry of cellular regulation. As potent orchestrators of gene expression, miRNAs exhibit diverse functions in cellular processes, extending their influence from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The complex journey of miRNA biogenesis, involving transcription, processing, and integration into the RNA-induced silencing complex, showcases their versatility. In the cytoplasm, mature miRNAs finely tune cellular functions by modulating target mRNA expression, while their reach extends into the nucleus, influencing transcriptional regulation and epigenetic modifications. Dysregulation of miRNAs becomes apparent in various pathologies, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory conditions. The adaptability of miRNAs to environmental signals, interactions with transcription factors, and involvement in intricate regulatory networks underscore their significance. DNA methylation and histone modifications adds depth to understanding the dynamic regulation of miRNAs. Mechanisms like competition with RNA-binding proteins, sponging, and the control of miRNA levels through degradation and editing contribute to this complex regulation process. In this review, we mainly focus on how dysregulation of miRNA expression can be related with skin-related autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. We also emphasize the multifaceted roles of miRNAs, urging continued research to unravel their complexities. The mechanisms governing miRNA functions promise advancements in therapeutic interventions and enhanced insights into cellular dynamics in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Nalbant
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Yeliz Z Akkaya-Ulum
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Türkiye.
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Mu M, Liu G, Ding X, Xue L, Li D, Zhu Y, Zhang N, Wu J, Wang J. miR-520e and its promoter region DNA methylation as potential biomarkers in atherosclerosis. Biochem Cell Biol 2024. [PMID: 38917487 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2023-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In atherosclerosis, DNA methylation plays a key regulatory role in the expression of related genes. However, the molecular mechanisms of these processes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are unclear. Here, using high-throughput sequencing from the Infinium HumanMethylation450 assay, we manifested that the cg19564375 methylation of miR-520e promoter region in the peripheral blood of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients was higher than that of healthy controls. As shown by RQ-MSP, the upstream DNA methylation level of the miR-520e promoter region was considerably increased in ACS patients. miR-520e was markedly downregulated in ACS patients compared with healthy controls. In the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced HUVECs injury model, DNA methylation of the upstream region of miR-520e was significantly increased. With increasing concentrations of the methylase inhibitor 5-Aza, miR-520e expression was upregulated. The silence of methyltransferase DNMT1, rather than DNMT3a or DNMT3b, abolished the influence of miR-520e expression by ox-LDL treatment in HUVECs. A dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-520e regulated the TGFBR2 3'-untranslated region region. After silencing TGFBR2, the promoting effect of miR-520e inhibitor on cell proliferation and migration may be attenuated. In conclusion, the expression of miR-520e is modified by its promoter region DNA methylation, and miR-520e and its promoter region DNA methylation may be potential biomarkers in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Gao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Lijun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Dandan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yunhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
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Wu J, Wang L, Xi S, Ma C, Zou F, Fang G, Liu F, Wang X, Qu L. Biological significance of METTL5 in atherosclerosis: comprehensive analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7267-7276. [PMID: 38663914 PMCID: PMC11087127 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Limited studies have examined the role of the m6A methyltransferase METTL5 in AS pathogenesis. METHODS This study subjected the AS dataset to differential analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify m6A methylation-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Next, the m6A methylation-related DEGs were subjected to consensus clustering to categorize AS samples into distinct m6A subtypes. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was performed to investigate the proportions of each cell type in AS and adjacent healthy tissues and the expression levels of key m6A regulators. The mRNA expression levels of METTL5 in AS and healthy tissues were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS AS samples were classified into two subtypes based on a five-m6A regulator-based model. scRNA-seq analysis revealed that the proportions of T cells, monocytes, and macrophages in AS tissues were significantly higher than those in healthy tissues. Additionally, the levels of m6A methylation were significantly different between AS and healthy tissues. METTL5 expression was upregulated in macrophages, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and endothelial cells (ECs). qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the METTL5 mRNA level in AS tissues was downregulated when compared with that in healthy tissues. CONCLUSIONS METTL5 is a potential diagnostic marker for AS subtypes. Macrophages, SMCs, and ECs, which exhibit METTL5 upregulation, may modulate AS progression by regulating m6A methylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjin Wu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Shuaishuai Xi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Fukang Zou
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanyu Fang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangbing Liu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokai Wang
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lefeng Qu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Jiang Z, Qi G, He X, Yu Y, Cao Y, Zhang C, Zou W, Yuan H. Ferroptosis in Osteocytes as a Target for Protection Against Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307388. [PMID: 38233202 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a necrotic form of iron-dependent regulatory cell death. Estrogen withdrawal can interfere with iron metabolism, which is responsible for the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Here, it is demonstrated that estrogen withdrawal induces iron accumulation in the skeleton and the ferroptosis of osteocytes, leading to reduced bone mineral density. Furthermore, the facilitatory effect of ferroptosis of osteocytes is verified in the occurrence and development of postmenopausal osteoporosis is associated with over activated osteoclastogenesis using a direct osteocyte/osteoclast coculture system and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) knockout ovariectomized mice. In addition, the nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway is confirmed to be a crucial factor in the ferroptosis of osteocytic cells. Nrf2 regulates the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) by regulating the DNA methylation level of the RANKL promoter mediated by DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a), which is as an important mechanism in osteocytic ferroptosis-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, this data suggests that osteocytic ferroptosis is involved in PMOP and can be targeted to tune bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxin Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Guobin Qi
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xuecheng He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuting Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Weiguo Zou
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hengfeng Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Zhao Y, Liu N, Zhang J, Zhao L. PCSK9i promoting the transformation of AS plaques into a stable plaque by targeting the miR-186-5p/Wipf2 and miR-375-3p/Pdk1/Yap1 in ApoE-/- mice. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1284199. [PMID: 38596793 PMCID: PMC11002805 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1284199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis (AS) is a multifaceted disease characterized by disruptions in lipid metabolism, vascular inflammation, and the involvement of diverse cellular constituents. Recent investigations have progressively underscored the role of microRNA (miR) dysregulation in cardiovascular diseases, notably AS. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) can effectively reduce circulating levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)], potentially fostering a more enduring phenotype for AS plaques. However, the underlying mechanisms by which PCSK9i enhances plaque stability remain unclear. In this study, we used microarray and bioinformatics techniques to analyze the regulatory impacts on gene expression pertinent to AS, thereby unveiling potential mechanisms underlying the plaque-stabilizing attributes of PCSK9i. Methods ApoE-/- mice were randomly allocated into control, AS, PCSK9i, and Atorvastatin groups. The AS model was induced through a high-fat diet (HFD), succeeded by interventions: the PCSK9i group was subjected to subcutaneous SBC-115076 injections (8 mg/kg, twice weekly), and the Atorvastatin group received daily oral Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) while on the HFD. Subsequent to the intervention phase, serum analysis, histological assessment using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Oil Red O staining, microarray-centered miRNA analysis utilizing predictions from TargetScan and miRTarBase, and analyses using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were executed to illuminate potential pathways. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to quantify the expression levels of target genes. Results In comparison to the control group, the AS group displayed a significant elevation in blood lipid levels. Both PCSK9i and Atorvastatin effectively attenuated blood lipid levels, with PCSK9i exhibiting a more pronounced lipid-lowering impact, particularly concerning TG and LDL-C levels. Over the course of AS progression, the expression levels of mmu-miR-134, mmu-miR-141-5p, mmu-miR-17-3p, mmu-miR-195-3p, mmu-miR-210, mmu-miR-33-5p, mmu-miR-410, mmu-miR-411-5p, mmu-miR-499, mmu-miR-672-5p, mmu-miR-675-3p, and mmu-miR-301b underwent dynamic fluctuations. PCSK9i significantly down-regulated the expression of mmu-miR-186-5p, mmu-miR-222, mmu-miR-375-3p, and mmu-miR-494-3p. Further enrichment analysis disclosed that mmu-miR-186-5p, mmu-miR-222, mmu-miR-375-3p, and mmu-miR-494-3p were functionally enriched for cardiovascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and regulation. RT-qPCR results manifested that, in comparison to the AS group, PCSK9i significantly upregulated the expression of Wipf2, Pdk1, and Yap1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion Aberrant miRNA expression may play a pivotal role in AS progression in murine models of AS. The subcutaneous administration of PCSK9i exerted anti-atherosclerotic effects by targeting the miR-186-5p/Wipf2 and miR-375-3p/Pdk1/Yap1 axes, thereby promoting the transition of AS plaques into a more stable form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Wang X, Ma X, Zeng Y, Xu L, Zhang M. Hypermethylation of the CTRP9 promoter region promotes Hcy induced VSMC lipid deposition and foam cell formation via negatively regulating ER stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19438. [PMID: 37945738 PMCID: PMC10636064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis (As), the current study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on inducing the lipid deposition and foam cell formation of the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) via C1q/Tumor necrosis factor-related protein9 (CTRP9) promoter region Hypermethylation negative regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs). Therefore, apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were randomly divided into the control [ApoE-/- + normal diet (NC)] and high methionine [ApoE-/- + (normal diet supplemented with 1.7% methionine (HMD)] groups (n = 6 mice/group). Following feeding for 15 weeks, the serum levels of Homocysteine (Hcy), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. HE and oil red O staining were performed on the aorta roots to observe the pathological changes. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the protein expression levels of CTRP9, glucose-regulated protein 78 kD (GRP78), phosphorylated protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (p-PERK), activating transcription factor 6a (ATF6a), phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (p-IRE1α), sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1c (SREBP1c) and sterol regulatory element binding proteins-2 (SREBP2) in VSMC derived from murine aortic roots. In vitro, VSMC was stimulated with 100 μmol/l Hcy. After transfection of plasmids with overexpression and interference of CTRP9, ERs agonist (TM) and inhibitor (4-PBA) were given to stimulate VSMC cells. HE staining and oil red O staining were used to observe the effect of Hcy stimulation on lipid deposition in VSMC. Additionally, The mRNA and protein expression levels of CTRP9, GRP78, PERK, ATF6a, IRE1α, SREBP1c, and SREBP2 in VSMC were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Finally, The methylation modification of the CTRP9 promoter region has been studied. The NCBI database was used to search the promoter region of the CTRP9 gene, and CpG Island was used to predict the methylation site. After Hcy stimulation of VSMC, overexpression of DNMT1, and intervention with 5-Azc, assess the methylation level of the CTRP9 promoter through bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). The results showed that the serum levels of Hcy, TC, and TG in the ApoE-/- + HMD group were significantly increased compared with the ApoE-/- + NC group. In addition, HE staining and oil red O staining showed obvious AS plaque formation in the vessel wall, and a large amount of fat deposition in VSMC, thus indicating that the hyperhomocysteinemia As an animal model was successfully established. Furthermore, CTRP9 were downregulated, while GRP78, p-PERK, ATF6a, p-IRE1α, SREBP1c, SREBP2 was upregulated in aortic VSMC in the ApoE-/- + HMD group. Consistent with the in vivo results, Hcy can inhibit the expression of CTRP9 in VSMC and induce ERs and lipid deposition in VSMC. Meanwhile, the increased expression of CTRP9 can reduce ERs and protect the lipid deposition in Hcy induced VSMC. Furthermore, ERs can promote Hcy induced VSMC lipid deposition, inhibition of ERs can reduce Hcy induced VSMC lipid deposition, and CTRP9 may play a protective role in Hcy induced VSMC lipid deposition and foam cell transformation through negative regulation of ERs. In addition, The CTRP9 promoter in the Hcy group showed hypermethylation. At the same time as Hcy intervention, overexpression of DNMT1 increases the methylation level of the CTRP9 promoter, while 5-Azc can reduce the methylation level of the CTRP9 promoter. Finally, Hcy can up-regulate the expression of DNMT1 and down-regulate the expression of CTRP9. After overexpression of DNMT1, the expression of CTRP9 is further decreased. After 5-Azc inhibition of DNMT1, the expression of DNMT1 decreases, while the expression of CTRP9 increases. It is suggested that the molecular mechanism of Hcy inhibiting the expression of CTRP9 is related to the hypermethylation of the CTRP9 promoter induced by Hcy and regulated by DNMT1. 5-Azc can inhibit the expression of DNMT1 and reverse the regulatory effect of DNMT1 on CTRP9. Overall, the results of the present study suggested that Hcy induces DNA hypermethylation in the CTRP9 promoter region by up-regulating DNMT1 expression, and negatively regulates ERs mediated VSMC lipid deposition and foam cell formation. CTRP9 may potentially be a therapeutic target in the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia and As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research of National Health Commission, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research of National Health Commission, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research of National Health Commission, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingbo Xu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research of National Health Commission, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research of National Health Commission, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
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Wu C, Duan X, Wang X, Wang L. Advances in the role of epigenetics in homocysteine-related diseases. Epigenomics 2023; 15:769-795. [PMID: 37718931 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine has a wide range of biological effects. However, the specific molecular mechanism of its pathogenicity is still unclear. The diseases induced by hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) are called homocysteine-related diseases. Clinical treatment of HHcy is mainly through folic acid and B-complex vitamins, which are not effective in reducing the associated end point events. Epigenetics is the alteration of heritable genes caused by DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNAs and chromatin remodeling without altering the DNA sequence. In recent years the role of epigenetics in homocysteine-associated diseases has been gradually discovered. This article summarizes the latest evidence on the role of epigenetics in HHcy, providing new directions for its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xulei Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xuehui Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Libo Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Tao H, Dong L, Shan X, Li L, Chen H. MicroRNA-32-3p facilitates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibiting Cab39/AMPK. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110504. [PMID: 37379707 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key pathogenic factor of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. MicroRNA-32-3p (miR-32-3p) plays critical roles in regulating ischemic diseases; however, its role in oxidative stress and cerebral I/R injury remains elusive. Primary cortical neurons and rats were treated with the agomir, antagomir and matched controls of miR-32-3p, and then received oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) or I/R stimulation. To investigate the involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and calcium-binding protein 39 (Cab39), a pharmacological inhibitor and small interfering RNA were used in vivo and in vitro. Herein, we found that miR-32-3p was upregulated in OGD/R-treated neurons and I/R-injured brains, and that inhibiting miR-32-3p by the miR-32-3p antagomir dramatically alleviated oxidative stress and neural death in OGD/R-stimulated primary cortical neurons. Conversely, overexpressing miR-32-3p by the miR-32-3p agomir further aggravated OGD/R-induced neural death and oxidative damage in primary cortical neurons. Meanwhile, we observed that the miR-32-3p antagomir prevented, while the miR-32-3p agomir facilitated neural death, oxidative damage and cerebral I/R injury in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-32-3p bound to the 3'-untranslated regions of Cab39, inhibited its protein level and subsequently inactivated AMPK. Conversely, treatment with the miR-32-3p antagomir upregulated Cab39 and activated AMPK, thereby attenuating oxidative damage and cerebral I/R injury. Moreover, inhibiting AMPK or Cab39 dramatically blocked the miR-32-3p antagomir-mediated beneficial effects against cerebral I/R injury in vivo and in vitro. miR-32-3p plays critical roles in neural death and oxidative damage upon I/R stimulation, and it is a novel target to treat cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmiao Tao
- Medical College, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321017, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lihua Dong
- Medical College, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321017, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haohao Chen
- Medical College, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321017, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang S, Lv Y, Luo X, Weng X, Qi J, Bai X, Zhao C, Zeng M, Bao X, Dai X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Liu M, Hu S, Li J, Jia H. Homocysteine promotes atherosclerosis through macrophage pyroptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium disorder. Mol Med 2023; 29:73. [PMID: 37308812 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated plasma homocysteine levels, known as hyperhomocysteinemia, have been identified as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases. Macrophage pyroptosis-mediated inflammation is crucial in the development of atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS A hyperhomocysteinemia atherosclerotic model with ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-methionine diet was constructed to investigate the role of plasma homocysteine in atherosclerosis. THP-1-derived macrophages were used to investigate the mechanisms by which Hcy regulates pyroptosis. RESULTS We found that hyperhomocysteinemia resulted in larger atherosclerotic plaques and more secretion of inflammatory cytokines, while these effects were attenuated in Caspase-1 knockdown mice. Likewise, in vitro experiments demonstrated that treatment of macrophages with homocysteine resulted in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, as evidenced by cleavage of Caspase-1, production of downstream IL-1β, elevation of lactate dehydrogenase activity, and extensive propidium iodide-positive staining of cells. These were all inhibited by Caspase-1 inhibitor. In addition, excessive generation of reactive oxygen species was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis. Moreover, further experiments revealed that homocysteine induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, enhanced communication between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and consequently contributed to calcium disorder. Furthermore, the endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor, 4PBA, the calcium chelator, BAPTA, and calcium channel inhibitor, 2-APB significantly improved macrophage pyroptosis. CONCLUSION Homocysteine accelerates atherosclerosis progression by enhancing macrophages pyroptosis via promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress, endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria coupling, and disturbing of calcium disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzhu Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Bao
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Sining Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haibo Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Wang D, Zhao P, Lv Y, Ming J, Wang Z, Yang E, Li Y, Wang M, Niu J, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Chen Y, Chen K, Chen Z, Liu W, Hu X. Proteomic-Based Platelet Activation-Associated Protein SELP May Be a Novel Biomarker for Coagulation and Prognostic in Essential Thrombocythemia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031078. [PMID: 36769725 PMCID: PMC9917633 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal platelet activation can lead to thrombosis in essential thrombocythemia (ET) and thus impact patient prognosis. Platelet activation-associated proteins are key molecules for platelet activation. However, it is unclear which proteins are most closely associated with the disease's prognosis. To determine which platelet activation-related proteins can be employed as ET patient prognosis predictors, we used label-free quantification (LFQ) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) technology and first determined the serum proteomic expression levels and the differential proteins of ET patients. Then, based on the IPSET (International Prognostic Score for ET), the differential protein associated with the prognostic score was found. To investigate potential processes affecting prognosis, the connection of this protein with prognostic markers, such as thrombotic history, age, white blood cell count, coagulation factors, and inflammatory factors, were further examined. The levels of platelet activation-related proteins GPIbα, SELP, PF4, MMP1, and FLNA were significantly higher in ET patients, according to LFQ and PRM analyses (p < 0.01). Based on regression analysis of the IPSET prognostic score, it is suggested that the SELP level was positively correlated with the prognostic score and prognostic risk factor analysis (p < 0.05). Further regression analysis of SELP with coagulation factors showed that antithrombin (AT-III) was negatively correlated with SELP levels (p < 0.05). Further regression analysis of the inflammatory factors with AT-III and SELP revealed that IL-10, IL-12P70, and IL-31 were negatively correlated with AT-III and SELP (p < 0.01). Platelet activation pathway-related proteins are expressed more frequently in ET patients, and serum SELP may be a prognostic marker for these individuals by encouraging leukocyte increase and inflammatory factor expression and causing aberrant coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehao Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jing Ming
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Erpeng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mingjing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jicong Niu
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- Postdoctoral Research Programme of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Weiyi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-10-6283-5361 (W.L. & X.H.); Fax: +86-010-6286-0397 (W.L. & X.H.)
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-10-6283-5361 (W.L. & X.H.); Fax: +86-010-6286-0397 (W.L. & X.H.)
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Epigenetic Regulation by microRNAs in Hyperhomocysteinemia-Accelerated Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012452. [PMID: 36293305 PMCID: PMC9604464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is specifically linked to various diseases of the vasculature such as atherosclerosis. However, the precise mechanisms by which Hcy contributes to this condition remain elusive. During the development of atherosclerosis, epigenetic modifications influence gene expression. As such, epigenetic modifications are an adaptive response to endogenous and exogenous factors that lead to altered gene expression by methylation and acetylation reactions of different substrates and the action of noncoding RNA including microRNAs (miRNAs). Epigenetic remodeling modulates cell biology in both physiological and physiopathological conditions. DNA and histone modification have been identified to have a crucial role in the progression of atherosclerosis. However, the potential role of miRNAs in hyperHcy (HHcy)-related atherosclerosis disease remains poorly explored and might be essential as well. There is no review available yet summarizing the contribution of miRNAs to hyperhomocystein-mediated atherogenicity or their potential as therapeutic targets even though their important role has been described in numerous studies. Specifically, downregulation of miR-143 or miR-125b has been shown to regulate VSCMs proliferation in vitro. In preclinical studies, downregulation of miR-92 or miR195-3p has been shown to increase the accumulation of cholesterol in foam cells and increase macrophage inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation, respectively. Another preclinical study found that there is a reciprocal regulation between miR-148a/152 and DNMT1 in Hcy-accelerated atherosclerosis. Interestingly, a couple of studies have shown that miR-143 or miR-217 may be used as potential biomarkers in patients with HHcy that may develop atherosclerosis. Moreover, the current review will also update current knowledge on miRNA-based therapies, their challenges, and approaches to deal with Hcy-induced atherosclerosis.
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Ma C, Zhang W, Mao L, Zhang G, Shen Y, Chang H, Xu X, Li Z, Lu H. Hyperhomocysteinemia and intracranial aneurysm: A mendelian randomization study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:948989. [PMID: 36247759 PMCID: PMC9554923 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.948989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the link between genetic variants associated with plasma homocysteine levels and risk of intracranial aneurysm (IA) using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Methods We used single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with human plasma homocysteine levels as instrumental variables for the primary analysis in a genome-wide association study of 44,147 subjects of European ancestry. Summary-level statistics were obtained for 79,429 individuals, including 7,495 IA cases and 71,934 controls. To enhance validity, five different Mendelian randomization methods (MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted, simple mode, and weighted mode) were used for the analyses. Results The inverse variance weighted analysis method produced P-values of 0.398 for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage [odds ratio (OR): 1.104; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.878–1.387], 0.246 for IA (OR: 1.124; 95% CI: 0.923–1.368), and 0.644 for unruptured IA (OR: 1.126; 95% CI: 0.682–1.858). The MR-Egger analysis showed no association between IAs and homocysteine, with all P > 0.05. Conclusion Using gene-related instrumental variables, the Mendelian randomization analyses demonstrated a lack of an association between plasma homocysteine levels and IAs or aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqi Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanxiao Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiupeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng Li
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Hua Lu
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HHcy Induces Pyroptosis and Atherosclerosis via the Lipid Raft-Mediated NOX-ROS-NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway in apoE -/- Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152438. [PMID: 35954287 PMCID: PMC9368640 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts play important roles in signal transduction, particularly in responses to inflammatory processes. The current study aimed to identify whether lipid raft-mediated inflammation contributes to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-accelerated atherosclerosis (AS), and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. THP-1-derived macrophages were used for in vitro experiments. ApoE−/− mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to establish an AS model, and a high-fat plus high-methionine diet was used to induce HHcy. We found that homocysteine (Hcy) increased the expression of p22phox and p67phox and promoted their recruitment into lipid rafts (indicating the assembly of the NOX complex), thereby increasing ROS generation and NOX activity, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis. Mechanistically, Hcy activated the NOX-ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and induced pyroptosis by increasing the expression of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) to promote the formation of lipid raft clustering. Importantly, lipid raft-mediated pyroptosis was confirmed in HHcy mice, and HHcy-promoted macrophage recruitment in atherosclerotic lesions and HHcy-aggravated AS were blocked by the lipid raft disruptor methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The study findings indicate that Hcy promotes lipid raft clustering via the upregulation of ASM, which mediates the assembly of the NOX complex, causing an increase in ROS generation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis, and contributes to HHcy-induced AS.
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Ma S, Lu G, Zhang Q, Ding N, Jie Y, Zhang H, Xu L, Xie L, Yang X, Zhang H, Jiang Y. Extracellular-superoxide dismutase DNA methylation promotes oxidative stress in homocysteine-induced atherosclerosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1222-1233. [PMID: 35866603 PMCID: PMC9827811 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigate the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) DNA methylation in the aorta of mice, and explore the underlying mechanism in macrophages, trying to identify the key targets of Hcy-induced EC-SOD methylation changes. ApoE -/- mice are fed different diets for 15 weeks, EC-SOD and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression levels are detected by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. EC-SOD methylation levels are assessed by ntMS-PCR. After EC-SOD overexpression or knockdown in macrophages, following the transfection of macrophages with pEGFP-N1-DNMT1, the methylation levels of EC-SOD are detected. Our data show that the concentrations of Hcy and the area of atherogenic lesions are significantly increased in ApoE -/- mice fed with a high-methionine diet, and have a positive correlation with the levels of superoxide anions, which indicates that Hcy-activated superoxide anions enhance the development of atherogenic lesions. EC-SOD expression is suppressed by Hcy, and the content of superoxide anion is increased when EC-SOD is silenced by RNAi in macrophages, suggesting that EC-SOD plays a major part in oxidative stress induced by Hcy. Furthermore, the promoter activity of EC-SOD is increased following transfection with the -1/-1100 fragment, and EC-SOD methylation level is significantly suppressed by Hcy, and more significantly decreased upon DNMT1 overexpression. In conclusion, Hcy may alter the DNA methylation status and DNMT1 acts as the essential enzyme in the methyl transfer process to disturb the status of EC-SOD DNA methylation, leading to decreased expression of EC-SOD and increased oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,The School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical University Yinchuan 750004China
| | - Guanjun Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,Department of UrologyClinical School of MedicineNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Qing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,The School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical University Yinchuan 750004China
| | - Ning Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,The School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical University Yinchuan 750004China
| | - Yuzhen Jie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,The School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical University Yinchuan 750004China,Department of UrologyClinical School of MedicineNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Hui Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,The School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical University Yinchuan 750004China
| | - Lingbo Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,The School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical University Yinchuan 750004China
| | - Lin Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,The School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical University Yinchuan 750004China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,The School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical University Yinchuan 750004China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,The School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical University Yinchuan 750004China,Departments of Prenatal DiagnosisMaternal and Child health Hospital of Hunan ProvinceChangsha410008China,Correspondence address: Tel: +86-731-84332201; E-mail: (H.Z.) / Tel: +86-951-6980002; E-mail: (Y.J.) @163.com
| | - Yideng Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China,The School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical University Yinchuan 750004China,Correspondence address: Tel: +86-731-84332201; E-mail: (H.Z.) / Tel: +86-951-6980002; E-mail: (Y.J.) @163.com
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He Q, Ge P, Ye X, Liu X, Wang J, Wang R, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Zhao J. Hyperhomocysteinemia Is a Predictor for Poor Postoperative Angiogenesis in Adult Patients With Moyamoya Disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:902474. [PMID: 35720075 PMCID: PMC9201052 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.902474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purposes The risk factors of poor postoperative angiogenesis in moyamoya disease (MMD) patients remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and postoperative angiogenesis of adult patients with MMD. Methods A total of 138 adult patients with MMD were prospectively recruited from July 1 to December 31, 2019. After excluding 10 patients accepting conservative therapy and 77 individuals without postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA), all 51 MMD patients were enrolled, and 28 patients received bilateral operations separately. Patients were grouped according to postoperative angiogenesis and HHcy presentation, respectively. Clinical data and laboratory examinations were compared. Potential risk factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Nomogram was further performed. The biological functions of homocysteine (Hcy) were explored in vitro. Results Comparing to the normal, patients with poor postoperative angiogenesis were higher in serum Hcy (p = 0.004), HHcy ratio (p = 0.011), creatinine (Cr) (p < 0.001), uric acid (UA) (p = 0.036), Triglyceride (p = 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p = 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.009), ApoA (p = 0.022), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (p = 0.013). Furthermore, HHcy was more common in men (p = 0.003) than women. Logistic analysis results showed that Hcy (OR = 0.817, 95% CI = 0.707–0.944, p = 0.006) was an independent risk factor. HHcy and Cr were significantly associated with poor postoperative angiogenesis in MMD patients. Further, Hcy could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), which can be reversed by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Conclusion The HHcy was significantly correlated with poor postoperative angiogenesis in adult patients with MMD. Hcy significantly inhibits HBMECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Furthermore, VEGF could reverse the inhibition effect induced by Hcy. Lowering the level of Hcy may be beneficial for postoperative MMD patients. Focusing on the pathophysiology and mechanism of HHcy might help to guide postoperative clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Peicong Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peicong Ge
| | - Xun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xingju Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Dong Zhang
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Jizong Zhao
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miRNA-576 Alleviates the Malignant Progression of Atherosclerosis through Downregulating KLF5. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:5450685. [PMID: 34925646 PMCID: PMC8674069 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5450685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the role of microRNA-576 (miRNA-576) in alleviating the deterioration of atherosclerosis (AS) through downregulating krüpple-like factor 5 (KLF5). Materials and Methods The AS model in mice was first constructed. Body weight, inflammation degrees, blood lipid, and relative levels of KLF5, miRNA-576, caspase-3, and bcl-2 in AS mice and control mice were compared. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to evaluate the binding between miRNA-576 and KLF5. RAW264.7 cells were treated with 200 mg/L ox-LDL for establishing in vitro high-fat model. Regulatory effects of miRNA-576/KLF5 on relative levels of β-catenin and inflammatory factors in RAW264.7 cells were explored. Results Body weight was heavier in AS mice than in controls. Protein levels of KLF5 and caspase-3 were upregulated, while bcl-2 was downregulated in AS mice. In particular, protein level of KLF5 was highly expressed in aortic tissues of AS mice. TC and LDL increased, and HDL decreased in AS mice compared with controls. Inflammatory factor levels were markedly elevated in AS mice. KLF5 was verified to be the target gene binding miRNA-576. Overexpression of miRNA-576 downregulated KLF5, inflammatory factors, and β-catenin in ox-LDL-treated RAW264.7 cells. Regulatory effect of miRNA-576 on the release of inflammatory factors in RAW264.7 cells could be partially abolished by KLF5. Conclusions miRNA-576 alleviates malignant progression of AS via downregulating KLF5.
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Xiong J, Ma F, Ding N, Xu L, Ma S, Yang A, Hao Y, Zhang H, Jiang Y. miR-195-3p alleviates homocysteine-mediated atherosclerosis by targeting IL-31 through its epigenetics modifications. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13485. [PMID: 34592792 PMCID: PMC8520716 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a serious age-related disease, which has a tremendous impact on health care globally. Macrophage inflammation is crucial for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, and microRNAs (miRNAs) recently have emerged as potent modulators of inflammation, while the underlying mechanisms of its involvement in homocysteine (Hcy)-mediated macrophage inflammation of atherosclerosis remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that elevated Hcy inhibits the expression of miR-195-3p, which in turn enhances IL-31 expression and thereby causes the secretion of macrophages pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and accelerate atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we identified that Hcy can induce DNA hypermethylation and H3K9 deacetylation of miR-195-3p promoter due to the increased the binding of DNMT3a and HDAC11 at its promoter. More importantly, Sp1 interacts with DNMT3a suppressed the binding of HDAC11 at miR-195-3p promoter and promoted its transcription. In summary, our results revealed a novel mechanism that transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of miR-195-3p inhibits macrophage inflammation through targeting IL-31, which provides a candidate diagnostic marker and novel therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases induced by Hcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantuan Xiong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
| | - Fang Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
| | - Lingbo Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
| | - Shengchao Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
| | - Anning Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
| | - Yinju Hao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
| | - Yideng Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
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