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Role of Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor in Alcohol Use Disorders: From Animal to Human Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115908. [PMID: 35682586 PMCID: PMC9180470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulative evidence has pointed out cannabinoid CB2 receptors (CB2r) as a potential therapeutic key target for treating alcohol use disorder (AUD). This review provides the most relevant results obtained from rodent and human studies, including an integrative section focused on the involvement of CB2r in the neurobiology of alcohol addiction. A literature search was conducted using the electronic databases Medline and Scopus for articles. The search strategy was as follows: “Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2” AND “Alcohol-Related Disorders” AND “human/or patients”; “Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2” AND “Alcohol” OR “Ethanol” AND “rodents/or mice/or rats”. Pharmacological approaches demonstrated that the activation or blockade of CB2r modulated different alcohol-addictive behaviors. Rodent models of alcoholism revealed significant alterations of CB2r in brain areas of the reward system. In addition, mice lacking CB2r (CB2KO) show increased alcohol consumption, motivation, and relapse alterations. It has been stressed that the potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying their behavioral effects involve critical elements of the alcohol reward system. Interestingly, recent postmortem studies showed CNR2 alterations in brain areas of alcoholic patients. Moreover, although the number of studies is limited, the results revealed an association between some genetic alterations of the CNR2 and an increased risk for developing AUD. This review provides evidence that CB2r may play a role in alcohol addiction. Clinical studies are necessary to figure out whether CB2r ligands may prove useful for the treatment of AUD in humans.
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Marszalek-Grabska M, Smaga I, Surowka P, Grochecki P, Slowik T, Filip M, Kotlinska JH. Memantine Prevents the WIN 55,212-2 Evoked Cross-Priming of Ethanol-Induced Conditioned Place Preference (CPP). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157940. [PMID: 34360704 PMCID: PMC8348856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of the endocannabinoid system controls the release of many neurotransmitters involved in the brain reward pathways, including glutamate. Both endocannabinoid and glutamate systems are crucial for alcohol relapse. In the present study, we hypothesize that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors regulate the ability of a priming dose of WIN 55,212-2 to cross-reinstate ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). To test this hypothesis, ethanol-induced (1.0 g/kg, 10% w/v, i.p.) CPP (unbiased method) was established using male adult Wistar rats. After CPP extinction, one group of animals received WIN 55,212-2 (1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg, i.p.), the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) agonist, or ethanol, and the other group received memantine (3.0 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.), the NMDA antagonist and WIN 55,212-2 on the reinstatement day. Our results showed that a priming injection of WIN 55,212-2 (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) reinstated (cross-reinstated) ethanol-induced CPP with similar efficacy to ethanol. Memantine (3.0 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) pretreatment blocked this WIN 55,212-2 effect. Furthermore, our experiments indicated that ethanol withdrawal (7 days withdrawal after 10 days ethanol administration) down-regulated the CNR1 (encoding CB1), GRIN1/2A (encoding GluN1 and GluN2A subunit of the NMDA receptor) genes expression in the prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum, but up-regulated these in the hippocampus, confirming the involvement of these receptors in ethanol rewarding effects. Thus, our results show that the endocannabinoid system is involved in the motivational properties of ethanol, and glutamate may control cannabinoid induced relapse into ethanol seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marszalek-Grabska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Irena Smaga
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (I.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Paulina Surowka
- Affective Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Pawel Grochecki
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tymoteusz Slowik
- Experimental Medicine Center, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Filip
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (I.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Jolanta H. Kotlinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Wu Y, Zhang D, Liu J, Yang Y, Ou M, Liu B, Zhou C. Sodium Leak Channel in the Nucleus Accumbens Modulates Ethanol-Induced Acute Stimulant Responses and Locomotor Sensitization in Mice: A Brief Research Report. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:687470. [PMID: 34335164 PMCID: PMC8316816 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.687470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol can induce acute stimulant responses in animals and human beings. Moreover, repeated exposure to ethanol may produce increased sensitivity to its acute locomotor stimulant actions, a process referred to as locomotor sensitization. The molecular mechanism of the development of acute stimulant responses and locomotor sensitization by ethanol is not fully understood. Sodium leak channel (NALCN) is widely expressed in central nervous system and controls the basal excitability of neurons. The present study aims to determine whether NALCN is implicated in the ethanol-induced acute responses and locomotor sensitization in mice. Here, our results showed that ethanol caused acute stimulant responses in DBA/2 mice. Locomotor sensitization was successfully induced following the sensitization procedure. Accordingly, the expression levels of NALCN mRNA and protein in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) were markedly increased in the sensitization mice compared to the control mice. Knockdown the expression levels of NALCN in the NAc alleviated both the ethanol-induced acute responses and locomotor sensitization. Our findings indicate that upregulation of NALCN expression in the NAc contributes to the ethanol-induced acute stimulant responses and locomotor sensitization in DBA/2 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wu
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Donghang Zhang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaoxin Yang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengchan Ou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ledesma JC, Rodríguez‐Arias M, Gavito AL, Sánchez‐Pérez AM, Viña J, Medina Vera D, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Miñarro J. Adolescent binge-ethanol accelerates cognitive impairment and β-amyloid production and dysregulates endocannabinoid signaling in the hippocampus of APP/PSE mice. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12883. [PMID: 32043730 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous research in rodents suggests that the long-term neurobehavioral disturbances induced by chronic ethanol (EtOH) exposure could be due to endocannabinoid system (ECS) alterations. Moreover, ECS failure has been proposed to mediate the cognitive impairment and β-amyloid production in Alzheimer disease (AD). Thus, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of adolescent EtOH binge drinking on the cognitive disturbances, hippocampal β-amyloid levels, and in the ECS expression on a transgenic mouse model (APP/PSEN, AZ) of AD. We exposed AZ and wild-type mice to a binge-drinking treatment during adolescence. At 6 and 12 months of age, we evaluated hippocampal-dependent learning and memory: β-amyloid concentrations and RNA and protein levels of cannabinoid type-2 receptors (CB2), diacylglycerol lipase-α (DAGLα), and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) in the hippocampus. The results showed that binge-EtOH treatment worsens cognitive function and increases β-amyloid levels in AZ. At 6 months, EtOH heightens CB2 (RNA and protein) and DAGLα (RNA) expression in wild type but not in AZ. On the contrary, EtOH enhances MAGL RNA expression only in AZ. At 12 months, AZ displays increased levels of CB2 (RNA and protein) and DAGLα (protein) compared with control. Similar to what happens at 6 months, EtOH induces an increase in CB2 gene expression in wild type but not in AZ; however, it augments CB2 and DAGLα protein levels in both genotypes. Therefore, we propose that adolescent binge drinking accelerates cognitive deficits associated with aging and AD. It also accelerates hippocampal β-amyloid accumulation in AZ and affects differently the ECS response in wild type and AZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Rodríguez‐Arias
- Departament de Psicobiologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS‐Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER Madrid Spain
| | - Ana L. Gavito
- Instituto IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Unidad de Gestión de Salud Mental Málaga Spain
| | | | - José Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Valencia, CIBERFES Valencia Spain
| | - Dina Medina Vera
- Instituto IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Unidad de Gestión de Salud Mental Málaga Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS‐Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER Madrid Spain
- Instituto IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Unidad de Gestión de Salud Mental Málaga Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Departament de Psicobiologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS‐Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER Madrid Spain
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Masukawa MY, Correa-Netto NF, Silva-Gomes AM, Linardi A, Santos-Junior JG. Anxiety-like behavior in acute and protracted withdrawal after morphine-induced locomotor sensitization in C57BL/6 male mice: The role of context. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 194:172941. [PMID: 32404301 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Contextual memory plays an important role in development and maintenance of drug addiction. However, little is known about of the role contextual memory in the emergence of a negative emotional state in the withdrawal period. Therefore, this study investigated anxiety-like behavior in acute and protracted morphine withdrawal of mice submitted to a locomotor sensitization protocol and the influence of contextual memory on this behavior. Male adult C57Bl6 mice were subjected to morphine locomotor sensitization and anxiety-like behavior was assessed by using the elevated plus maze test (EPM). To evaluate associative memory, the mice were re-exposed to the context of locomotor sensitization immediately before EPM. As expected, repeated morphine administrations promoted locomotor sensitization, seen as a gradual increase in the distance traveled during the acquisition phase. There was an increase in anxiety-like behavior upon acute withdrawal, as indicated by a decrease in open arms activity (OAA), but this effect dissipated over time. However, when the context was presented, mice in protracted withdrawal showed enhanced anxiety-like behavior, indicated by an increase in closed arms activity (CAA). This effect was context specific since re-exposure in an alternative context did not change the anxiety-like behavior. Treatment with diazepam counteracted the decrease in OAA in acute withdrawal and the increase in CAA induced by context re- exposure during protracted abstinence. Thus, repeated morphine administration induced a negative emotional state when the drug was discontinued. The context associated with drug exposure played a pivotal role in the appearance of anxiety-like behavior, even long after drug discontinuation. There were differences in the patterns of anxiety behaviors in acute (unconditioned anxiety-like behavior) and protracted (conditioned anxiety-like behavior) withdrawal since the former was characterized by a passive behavioral strategy and the latter by an active behavioral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Yuriko Masukawa
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Cesário Mota Junior, 61, Vila Buarque, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson Francisco Correa-Netto
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Cesário Mota Junior, 61, Vila Buarque, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Marcos Silva-Gomes
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Cesário Mota Junior, 61, Vila Buarque, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Linardi
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Cesário Mota Junior, 61, Vila Buarque, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jair Guilherme Santos-Junior
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Cesário Mota Junior, 61, Vila Buarque, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Oliveira LF, Pinheiro DJLL, Rodrigues LD, Reyes-Garcia SZ, Nishi EE, Ormanji MS, Faber J, Cavalheiro EA. Behavioral, electrophysiological and neuropathological characteristics of the occurrence of hypertension in pregnant rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4051. [PMID: 30858526 PMCID: PMC6412065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) affects approximately 2 to 8% of pregnant women, causing blood pressure above 140 × 90 mmHg and proteinuria, normally after the 20th gestation week. If unsuccessfully treated, PE can lead to self-limited seizures (Eclampsia) that could eventually result in death of the mother and her fetus. The present study reports an experimental model of preeclampsia hypertension in pregnant (HP) and non-pregnant (H) Wistar rats by partially clamping one of their renal arteries. Pregnant (P) and non-pregnant (C) controls were provided. Differently from controls (C and P), H and HP animals presented a steady rise in BP two weeks after renal artery clamping. Injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced behavioral and electroencephalographic seizures in all groups, which were increased in number, duration, amplitude and power accompanied by decreased latency in HP animals (p < 0.05). Consistent results were obtained in in vitro experimentation. Immunohistochemistry of hippocampus tissue in HP animals showed decreased density of neurons nuclei in CA1, CA3 and Hilus and increased density of astrocytes in CA1, CA3 and gyrus (p < 0.05). The present findings show that the clamping of one renal arteries to 0.15 mm and PTZ administration were able to induce signs similar to human PE in pregnant Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro F Oliveira
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Laís D Rodrigues
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Selvin Z Reyes-Garcia
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of morphological science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Erika E Nishi
- Department of Physiology, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jean Faber
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esper A Cavalheiro
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, (CNPEM) - 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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7
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Turna J, Syan SK, Frey BN, Rush B, Costello MJ, Weiss M, MacKillop J. Cannabidiol as a Novel Candidate Alcohol Use Disorder Pharmacotherapy: A Systematic Review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:550-563. [PMID: 30698831 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
There is substantial interest in the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid found in plants of the genus Cannabis. The goal of the current systematic review was to characterize the existing literature on this topic and to evaluate the credibility of CBD as a candidate pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Using a comprehensive search strategy, 303 unique potential articles were identified and 12 ultimately met criteria for inclusion (8 using rodent models, 3 using healthy adult volunteers, and 1 using cell culture). In both rodent and cell culture models, CBD was found to exert a neuroprotective effect against adverse alcohol consequences on the hippocampus. In rodent models, CBD was found to attenuate alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity, specifically, alcohol-induced steatosis. Finally, findings from preclinical rodent models also indicate that CBD attenuates cue-elicited and stress-elicited alcohol seeking, alcohol self-administration, withdrawal-induced convulsions, and impulsive discounting of delayed rewards. In human studies, CBD was well tolerated and did not interact with the subjective effects of alcohol. Collectively, given its favorable effects on alcohol-related harms and addiction phenotypes in preclinical models, CBD appears to have promise as a candidate AUD pharmacotherapy. This is further bolstered by the absence of abuse liability and its general tolerability. A clear limitation to the literature is the paucity of human investigations. Human preclinical and clinical studies are needed to determine whether these positive effects in model systems substantively translate into clinically relevant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Turna
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabrina K Syan
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Rush
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mark Weiss
- Addiction Medicine Service, Homewood Health Centre, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Navarrete F, García-Gutiérrez MS, Manzanares J. Pharmacological regulation of cannabinoid CB2 receptor modulates the reinforcing and motivational actions of ethanol. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 157:227-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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THC inhibits the expression of ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization in mice. Alcohol 2017; 65:31-35. [PMID: 29084627 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The motivational circuit activated by ethanol leads to behavioral changes that recruit the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Case reports and observational studies suggest that the use of Cannabis sp. mitigates problematic ethanol consumption in humans. Here, we verified the effects of the two main phytocannabinoid compounds of Cannabis sp., cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), in the expression of ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization in mice. Male adult DBA/2 mice were exposed to locomotor sensitization by daily intraperitoneal injections of ethanol (2.5 g/kg) for 12 days; control groups received saline. After the acquisition phase, animals were treated with cannabinoids: CBD (2.5 mg/kg); THC (2.5 mg/kg); CBD + THC (1:1 ratio), or vehicle for 4 days with no access to ethanol during this period. One day after the last cannabinoid injection, all animals were challenged with ethanol (2.0 g/kg) to evaluate the expression of the locomotor sensitization. Mice treated with THC alone or THC + CBD showed reduced expression of locomotor sensitization, compared to the vehicle control group. No effects were observed with CBD treatment alone. Our findings showing that phytocannabinoid treatment prevents the expression of behavioral sensitization in mice provide insight into the potential therapeutic use of phytocannabinoids in alcohol-related problems.
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Coune F, Silvestre de Ferron B, González-Marín MC, Antol J, Naassila M, Pierrefiche O. Resistance to ethanol sensitization is associated with a loss of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Synapse 2016; 71. [PMID: 26898905 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral sensitization to repeated ethanol (EtOH) exposure induces an increase in locomotor activity in mice. However, not all animals express such sensitization. Although the literature indicated that the hippocampus may play a role in EtOH sensitization, it is not known whether behavioral sensitization to EtOH is associated with preferential changes in bidirectional synaptic plasticity, i.e., LTP and LTD, two markers of learning capabilities that have also been shown to be involved in addictive behavior. In the present study, we examined whether the vulnerability to develop and express behavioral sensitization to EtOH is associated with altered bidirectional synaptic plasticity in the CA1 area of the dorsal hippocampus. For this purpose, we analyzed both LTP and LTD in resistant and sensitized mice during the expression phase, i.e., 7 days after 10 days of repeated EtOH i.p. administration. We found that resistant mice showed a lack of LTD without changes in LTP. The lack of LTD was associated with an increase in GluN2A protein level and was not due to an altered level of neuronal activity, since no difference was observed between the number of c-FOS positive neurons in sensitized and resistant mice. Given that both types of synaptic plasticity signals may have distinct roles in specific learning and behaviors, our results suggest that resistant mice could exhibit different phenotypes in terms of learning/memory and addictive behaviors compared to sensitized ones. Synapse 71:e21899, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Coune
- INSERM ERI-24, GRAP, Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CHU-Sud, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Chemin du Thil, Amiens, 80025, France
| | - B Silvestre de Ferron
- INSERM ERI-24, GRAP, Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CHU-Sud, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Chemin du Thil, Amiens, 80025, France
| | - M C González-Marín
- INSERM ERI-24, GRAP, Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CHU-Sud, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Chemin du Thil, Amiens, 80025, France
| | - J Antol
- INSERM ERI-24, GRAP, Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CHU-Sud, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Chemin du Thil, Amiens, 80025, France
| | - M Naassila
- INSERM ERI-24, GRAP, Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CHU-Sud, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Chemin du Thil, Amiens, 80025, France
| | - O Pierrefiche
- INSERM ERI-24, GRAP, Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CHU-Sud, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Chemin du Thil, Amiens, 80025, France
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11
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Matchynski-Franks JJ, Susick LL, Schneider BL, Perrine SA, Conti AC. Impaired Ethanol-Induced Sensitization and Decreased Cannabinoid Receptor-1 in a Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155759. [PMID: 27186643 PMCID: PMC4871361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Impaired striatal neuroplasticity may underlie increased alcoholism documented in those with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) is sensitive to the effects of ethanol (EtOH) and traumatic stress, and is a critical regulator of striatal plasticity. To investigate CB1 involvement in the PTSD-alcohol interaction, this study measured the effects of traumatic stress using a model of PTSD, mouse single-prolonged stress (mSPS), on EtOH-induced locomotor sensitization and striatal CB1 levels. METHODS Mice were exposed to mSPS, which includes: 2-h restraint, 10-min group forced swim, 15-min exposure to rat bedding odor, and diethyl ether exposure until unconsciousness or control conditions. Seven days following mSPS exposure, the locomotor sensitizing effects of EtOH were assessed. CB1, post-synaptic density-95 (PSD95), and dopamine-2 receptor (D2) protein levels were then quantified in the dorsal striatum using standard immunoblotting techniques. RESULTS Mice exposed to mSPS-EtOH demonstrated impaired EtOH-induced locomotor sensitization compared to Control-EtOH mice, which was accompanied by reduced striatal CB1 levels. EtOH increased striatal PSD95 in control and mSPS-exposed mice. Additionally, mSPS-Saline exposure increased striatal PSD95 and decreased D2 protein expression, with mSPS-EtOH exposure alleviating these changes. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the mSPS model of PTSD blunts the behavioral sensitizing effects of EtOH, a response that suggests impaired striatal neuroplasticity. Additionally, this study demonstrates that mice exposed to mSPS and repeated EtOH exposure decreases CB1 in the striatum, providing a mechanism of interest for understanding the effects of EtOH following severe, multimodal stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Matchynski-Franks
- Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Laura L. Susick
- Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brandy L. Schneider
- Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shane A. Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alana C. Conti
- Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
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Camarini R, Pautassi RM. Behavioral sensitization to ethanol: Neural basis and factors that influence its acquisition and expression. Brain Res Bull 2016; 125:53-78. [PMID: 27093941 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization (EBS) was first described in 1980, approximately 10 years after the phenomenon was described for psychostimulants. Ethanol acts on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate receptors as an allosteric agonist and antagonist, respectively, but it also affects many other molecular targets. The multiplicity of factors involved in the behavioral and neurochemical effects of ethanol and the ensuing complexity may explain much of the apparent disparate results, found across different labs, regarding ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization. Although the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system plays an important role in EBS, we provide evidence of the involvement of other neurotransmitter systems, mainly the glutamatergic, GABAergic, and opioidergic systems. This review also analyses the neural underpinnings (e.g., induction of cellular transcription factors such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein and growth factors, such as the brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and other factors that influence the phenomenon, including age, sex, dose, and protocols of drug administration. One of the reasons that make EBS an attractive phenomenon is the assumption, firmly based on empirical evidence, that EBS and addiction-related processes have common molecular and neural basis. Therefore, EBS has been used as a model of addiction processes. We discuss the association between different measures of ethanol-induced reward and EBS. Parallels between the pharmacological basis of EBS and acute motor effects of ethanol are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Camarini
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas M. y M. Ferreyra, Córdoba (IMMF-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
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13
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Henderson-Redmond AN, Guindon J, Morgan DJ. Roles for the endocannabinoid system in ethanol-motivated behavior. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 65:330-9. [PMID: 26123153 PMCID: PMC4679600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder represents a significant human health problem that leads to substantial loss of human life and financial cost to society. Currently available treatment options do not adequately address this human health problem, and thus, additional therapies are desperately needed. The endocannabinoid system has been shown, using animal models, to modulate ethanol-motivated behavior, and it has also been demonstrated that chronic ethanol exposure can have potentially long-lasting effects on the endocannabinoid system. For example, chronic exposure to ethanol, in either cell culture or preclinical rodent models, causes an increase in endocannabinoid levels that results in down-regulation of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and uncoupling of this receptor from downstream G protein signaling pathways. Using positron emission tomography (PET), similar down-regulation of CB1 has been noted in multiple regions of the brain in human alcoholic patients. In rodents, treatment with the CB1 inverse agonist SR141716A (Rimonabant), or genetic deletion of CB1 leads to a reduction in voluntary ethanol drinking, ethanol-stimulated dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, operant self-administration of ethanol, sensitization to the locomotor effects of ethanol, and reinstatement/relapse of ethanol-motivated behavior. Although the clinical utility of Rimonabant or other antagonists/inverse agonists for CB1 is limited due to negative neuropsychiatric side effects, negative allosteric modulators of CB1 and inhibitors of endocannabinoid catabolism represent therapeutic targets worthy of additional examination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josée Guindon
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430
| | - Daniel J Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
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14
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Botia B, Legastelois R, Houchi H, Naassila M. Basal Anxiety Negatively Correlates with Vulnerability to Ethanol-Induced Behavioral Sensitization in DBA/2J Mice: Modulation by Diazepam. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:45-54. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Botia
- INSERM ERI 24; Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances (GRAP); Université de Picardie Jules Verne; UFR de Pharmacie; Amiens France
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche CAP-Santé; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - Rémi Legastelois
- INSERM ERI 24; Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances (GRAP); Université de Picardie Jules Verne; UFR de Pharmacie; Amiens France
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche CAP-Santé; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - Hakim Houchi
- INSERM ERI 24; Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances (GRAP); Université de Picardie Jules Verne; UFR de Pharmacie; Amiens France
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche CAP-Santé; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - Mickaël Naassila
- INSERM ERI 24; Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances (GRAP); Université de Picardie Jules Verne; UFR de Pharmacie; Amiens France
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche CAP-Santé; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
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Differential patterns of expression of neuropeptide Y throughout abstinence in outbred Swiss mice classified as susceptible or resistant to ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization. Alcohol 2014; 48:63-72. [PMID: 24406115 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have focused on the negative emotional state associated with drug abstinence. The peptide NPY plays an important role given its involvement in drug addiction, anxiety, and mood disorders. Interestingly, it is well established that outbred Swiss mice exhibit a prominent behavioral variability to ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization. Here, we investigated whether mice that were either susceptible or resistant to ethanol sensitization differed in their NPY expression during abstinence. The mice were treated daily with ethanol (2 g/kg, i.p.) or saline for 21 days. According to the locomotor activity after the last injection, the ethanol group was classified as sensitized (EtOH_High) or non-sensitized (EtOH_Low). To evaluate NPY expression, some of the mice were sacrificed at 18 h or 5 days of abstinence, and others were challenged at the 5th day of abstinence with ethanol (1.4 g/kg) and sacrificed after 1.5 h. At 5 days of abstinence, NPY expression increased in the orbital cortex, dorsomedial striatum, and dentate gyrus in the EtOH_High mice. These changes were counteracted by the ethanol challenge. In the EtOH_Low mice, NPY expression increased in the dentate gyrus only after 18 h of abstinence. Lastly, a decreased level of NPY was found in the prelimbic cortex of the EtOH_Low mice at 5 days of abstinence, and this was reversed by ethanol challenge. Therefore, behavioral variability in ethanol sensitization confers differential neurochemical features during the subsequent abstinence, including distinct patterns of NPY expression.
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De Pauli R, Coelhoso C, Tesone-Coelho C, Linardi A, Mello L, Silveira D, Santos-Junior J. Withdrawal induces distinct patterns of FosB/∆FosB expression in outbred Swiss mice classified as susceptible and resistant to ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 117:70-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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