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Dapari R, Mahfot MH, Chiu Yan Yee F, Ahmad ANI, Magayndran K, Ahmad Zamzuri M‘AI, Isa ZM, Hassan MR, Che Dom N, Syed Abdul Rahim SS. Prevalence of recent occupational injury and its associated factors among food industry workers in Selangor. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293987. [PMID: 37943862 PMCID: PMC10635541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malaysia's gross domestic product is heavily influenced by the food and beverage sector and the contribution of the industry to the national economy is expected to increase in the coming years. Thus, the need for employees in the food industry will continue to rise as this sector grows. Nevertheless, employees in the food industry are exposed to various occupational hazards that can lead to occupational injuries, mainly related to kitchen work. Given the increasing number of employees in the food industry and the rising trend of occupational injuries, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of recent occupational injuries and their associated factors and predictors among food industry workers. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 among food industry workers in Selangor, Malaysia. The respondents were sampled using a multistage random sampling method. Data were collected via online self-administered questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models in the SPSS software, version 25. RESULTS A total of 250 responses were received from 342 samples, with an overall response rate of 73.0%. The prevalence of recent occupational injuries among food industry workers was 44.8%. Statistically, significant associations were present between occupational injuries and alcohol consumption (p = 0.001), poor knowledge (p = 0.031), poor compliance (p = 0.021), poor safety management (p = 0.021), poor safety training (p = 0.002), poor safety culture (p = 0.003), physical exposure (p < 0.001), and ergonomic exposure (p = 0.009). The predictors for recent occupational injuries among food industry workers were Malay (adjusted Odds Ratio; aOR = 2.60, p = 0.027, 95% Confidence Interval; CI = 1.116, 6.035), alcohol consumption (aOR = 5.31, p = 0.001, 95% CI = 2.042, 13.779), poor knowledge (aOR = 1.98, p = 0.032, 95% CI = 1.059, 3.691), poor safety culture (aOR = 2.44, p = 0.002, 95% CI = 1.372, 4.342), and exposure to physical hazards (aOR = 8.88, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 3.031, 26.014). CONCLUSION This study has found a high prevalence of occupational injuries among food industry workers, thereby highlighting the importance of addressing alcohol consumption, improving worker knowledge, enhancing work safety culture, and better control measures on exposure to physical hazards, especially among Malay workers. By prioritising these factors, employers can create safer work environments and minimise the risk of occupational injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Dapari
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Krishen Magayndran
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Zaleha Md Isa
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rohaizat Hassan
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Nazri Che Dom
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim
- Public Health Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
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Gutierrez F. Standardized Models for Identification and Intervention for Emergency Department Patients at Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder. Crit Care Nurs Q 2023; 46:241-254. [PMID: 37226916 DOI: 10.1097/cnq.0000000000000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is chronic, lasting a person's lifetime. An increase in driving under the influence of alcohol, as well as emergency department (ED) visits, has been reported. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test Consumption (AUDIT-C) is utilized to assess hazardous drinking. The Screening, Brief Intervention, Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) model assists in early intervention and referral for treatment. The Transtheoretical Model standardized instrument assesses individual readiness to change. These tools may be used by nurses and nonphysicians in the ED to help reduce alcohol use and the consequences of its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Gutierrez
- UCLA PhD Graduate, Los Angeles, California & Scripps Health Case Manager
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Ye Y, Cherpitel CJ, Terza JV, Kerr WC. Quantifying risk of injury from usual alcohol consumption: An instrumental variable analysis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2029-2039. [PMID: 34342011 PMCID: PMC8602733 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies of roadside accidents among emergency room patients show elevated risk of injury from acute alcohol consumption, i.e., recent drinking precedes the injury event. The observed effects are large and show a dose-response relationship. In contrast, studies quantifying the association between injury risk and chronic consumption, such as past-year average volume, show lower relative risk estimates than those from acute consumption. METHODS Combining data from 4 waves of US National Alcohol Surveys (NAS) for years 2000-2015 (N = 29,571, 53% overall cooperation rate), we estimated the risk of any past-year injury from past-year volume using logistic regression. This was contrasted with an instrumental variable (IV) analysis utilizing a 2-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) approach to estimate injury risk from volume, which adjusted for unobserved confounders using state beer and spirits tax rates, zip code-level outlet and bar density, and control state status as instruments. RESULTS Based on the combined US population surveys and controlling for sociodemographics, using conventional logistic regression, the odds ratios of injury from an average volume of 1, 2, and 5 drinks per day were 1.12 [95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.24], 1.10 [1.00, 1.22], and 1.04 [0.88, 1.22], respectively. These compared with 1.67 [1.00, 2.78], 2.38 [0.87, 6.54], and 6.98 [0.57, 85.89] using the IV method. The proportion of injury attributed to alcohol also increased in magnitude, from 6.2% [0.3%, 11.9%] using the conventional approach to 17.9% [8.2%, 27.7%] using the IV method. CONCLUSIONS The association between injury and chronic alcohol consumption may be confounded by unobserved factors, resulting in a possible downward bias of the risk estimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ye
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA
| | | | - Joseph V. Terza
- Department of Economics, Indiana University School of Liberal Arts at IUPUI
| | - William C. Kerr
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA
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Cherpitel CJ, Williams E, Ye Y, Kerr WC. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Relationship of Alcohol-Related Injury and Perceived Driving Under the Influence from Hours of Exposure to High Blood Alcohol Concentration: Data From Four US National Alcohol Surveys (2000-2015). Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 55:564-570. [PMID: 32518957 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To analyze racial/ethnic disparities in risk of two alcohol-related events, alcohol-related injury and self-reported perceived driving under the influence (DUI) from hours of exposure to an elevated blood alcohol concentration (BAC). METHODS Risk curves for the predicted probability of these two outcomes from the number of hours of exposure to a BAC ≥ 0.08 mg% in the past year were analyzed separately for whites, blacks and Hispanics in a merged sample of respondents from four US National Alcohol Surveys (2000-2015). RESULTS Hours of exposure to a BAC ≥ 0.08 showed a stronger association with perceived DUI than with alcohol-related injury for all racial/ethnic groups. Greater risk was found for whites than blacks or Hispanics for outcomes at nearly all BAC exposure levels, and most marked at the highest level of exposure. Risk of both outcomes was significant for whites at all exposure levels, but small for alcohol-related injury. Little association was found for alcohol-related injury for blacks or Hispanics. For perceived DUI, risk for blacks was significantly elevated at lower levels of exposure, while risk for Hispanics was significantly elevated beginning at 30 h of exposure. CONCLUSIONS Findings showed racial/ethnic differences in risk of alcohol-related injury and perceived DUI from hours of exposure to elevated BAC. Risk increased at relatively low levels of exposure to a BAC ≥ 0.08, especially for whites, highlighting the importance of preventive efforts to reduce harmful outcomes for moderate drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl J Cherpitel
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Edwina Williams
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Yu Ye
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - William C Kerr
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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Phillips AZ, Rodriguez HP, Kerr WC, Ahern JA. Washington's liquor license system and alcohol-related adverse health outcomes. Addiction 2021; 116:1043-1053. [PMID: 33058384 PMCID: PMC8043979 DOI: 10.1111/add.15234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In June 2012, Washington state (USA) implemented Initiative 1183, privatizing liquor sales. As a result, off-premises outlets increased from 330 to over 1400 and trading hours lengthened. Increased availability of liquor may lead to increased consumption. This study examines the impact of Initiative 1183 on alcohol-related adverse health outcomes, measured by inpatient hospitalizations for alcohol-related disorders and accidental injuries. It further assesses heterogeneity by urbanicity, because outlets increased most in metropolitan-urban areas. DESIGN County-by-quarter difference-in-difference linear regression models, estimated statewide and within metropolitan/rural strata. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Data are from AHRQ Healthcare Cost and Utilization State Inpatient Database 2010-2014 and HHS Area Health Resource File 2010-2014. Changes in the rates of hospitalizations in the 2.5 years following Initiative 1183 in Washington (n = 39 counties) are compared with changes in Oregon (n = 36 counties). MEASUREMENTS County rates of hospitalizations per 1000 residents, including all records with any-listed ICD-9 Clinical Classification Software code denoting an alcohol-related disorder, and all records with any-listed external cause of injury code denoting an accidental injury. FINDINGS The increase in the rate of accidental injury hospitalizations in Washington's metropolitan-urban counties was on average 0.289 hospitalizations per 1000 county residents per quarter greater than the simultaneous increase observed in Oregon (P = 0.017). This result was robust to alternative specifications using a propensity score matched sample and synthetic control methods with data from other comparison states. The evidence did not suggest that Initiative 1183 was associated with differential changes in the rate of hospitalizations for alcohol-related disorders in metropolitan-urban (P = 0.941), non-metropolitan-urban (P = 0.162), or rural counties (P = 0.876). CONCLUSIONS Implementing Washington's Initiative 1183 (privatizing liquor sales) appears to have been associated with a significant increase in the rate of accidental injury hospitalizations in urban counties in that state but does not appear to be significantly associated with changes in the rate of hospitalizations specifically for alcohol-related disorders within 2.5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryn Z. Phillips
- Center for Healthcare Organizational and Innovation Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA,Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hector P. Rodriguez
- Center for Healthcare Organizational and Innovation Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA,University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A. Ahern
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
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El-Gabri D, Toomey N, Gil NM, de Oliveira AC, Calvo PRS, Tchuisseu YP, Williams S, Andrade L, Vissoci JRN, Staton C. Association Between Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics and Non-fatal Alcohol-Related Injury in Maringá, Brazil. Front Public Health 2020; 8:66. [PMID: 32269983 PMCID: PMC7109310 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous research has corroborated a high burden of alcohol-related injury in Brazil and the presence of socioeconomic disparities among the injured. Yet, individual-level data is scarce. To fill this gap, we examined the association between demographic and socioeconomic characteristics with non-fatal alcohol-related injury in Maringá, Brazil. Methods: We used household survey data collected during a 2015 cross-sectional study. We conducted univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate associations of demographic (age, gender, race) and socioeconomic characteristics (employment, education, income) with non-fatal alcohol-related injury. Results: Of the 995 participants who reported injuries, 62 (6.26%) were alcohol-related. Fifty-three (85%) alcohol-related injuries were reported by males. Multivariate analysis indicated being male (OR = 5.98 95% CI = 3.02, 13.28), 15–29 years of age (OR = 3.62 95% CI = 1.72, 7.71), and identifying as Black (OR = 2.38 95% CI = 1.09, 4.95) were all significantly associated with increased likelihood of reporting an alcohol-related injury, whereas unemployment was significantly associated with decreased likelihood of reporting an alcohol-related injury (OR = 0.41 95% CI = 0.18, 0.88). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in Maringá, being male, between the ages of 15 and 29, employed, or identifying as Black were characteristics associated with a higher risk for non-fatal alcohol-related injury. Individual level data, such as ours, should be considered in combination with area-level and country-level data when developing evidence-based public-health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena El-Gabri
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nicole Toomey
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nelly Moraes Gil
- Department of Nursing, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Williams
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Luciano Andrade
- Department of Nursing, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Catherine Staton
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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Holmes J, Angus C, Meier PS, Buykx P, Brennan A. How should we set consumption thresholds for low risk drinking guidelines? Achieving objectivity and transparency using evidence, expert judgement and pragmatism. Addiction 2019; 114:590-600. [PMID: 30133036 DOI: 10.1111/add.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Most high-income nations issue guidelines on low-risk drinking to inform individuals' decisions about alcohol consumption. However, leading scientists have criticized the processes for setting the consumption thresholds within these guidelines for a lack of objectivity and transparency. This paper examines how guideline developers should respond to such criticisms and focuses particularly on the balance between epidemiological evidence, expert judgement and pragmatic considerations. Although concerned primarily with alcohol, our discussion is also relevant to those developing guidelines for other health-related behaviours. We make eight recommendations across three areas. First, recommendations on the use of epidemiological evidence: (1) guideline developers should assess whether the available epidemiological evidence is communicated most appropriately as population-level messages (e.g. suggesting reduced drinking benefits populations rather than individuals); (2) research funders should prioritize commissioning studies on the acceptability of different alcohol-related risks (e.g. mortality, morbidity, harms to others) to the public and other stakeholders; and (3) guideline developers should request and consider statistical analyses of epidemiological uncertainty. Secondly, recommendations to improve objectivity and transparency when translating epidemiological evidence into guidelines: (4) guideline developers should specify and publish their analytical framework to promote clear, consistent and coherent judgements; and (5) guideline developers' decision-making should be supported by numerical and visual techniques which also increase the transparency of judgements to stakeholders. Thirdly, recommendations relating to the diverse use of guidelines: (6) guideline developers and their commissioners should give meaningful attention to how guidelines are used in settings such as advocacy, health promotion, clinical practice and wider health debates, as well as in risk communication; (7) guideline developers should make evidence-based judgements that balance epidemiological and pragmatic concerns to maximize the communicability, credibility and general effectiveness of guidelines; and (8) as with scientific judgements, pragmatic judgements should be reported transparently.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Holmes
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Colin Angus
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Petra S Meier
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Penny Buykx
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alan Brennan
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Ye Y, Shield K, Cherpitel CJ, Manthey J, Korcha R, Rehm J. Estimating alcohol-attributable fractions for injuries based on data from emergency department and observational studies: a comparison of two methods. Addiction 2019; 114:462-470. [PMID: 30347115 PMCID: PMC6384006 DOI: 10.1111/add.14477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the injury alcohol-attributable fractions (AAFs) estimated using emergency department (ED) data to AAFs estimated by combining population alcohol consumption data with corresponding relative risks (RRs). DESIGN Comparative risk assessment. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS ED studies in 27 countries (n = 24 971). MEASUREMENTS AAFs were estimated by means of an acute method using data on injury cases from 36 ED studies combined with odds ratios obtained from ED case-cross-over studies. Corresponding AAFs for injuries were estimated by combining population-level data on alcohol consumption obtained from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health, with corresponding RRs obtained from a previous meta-analysis. FINDINGS ED-based injury AAF estimates ranged from 5% (Canada 2002 and the Czech Republic) to 40% (South Africa), with a mean AAF among all studies of 15.4% (18.9% for males and 8.4% for females). Population-based injury AAF estimates ranged from 21% (India) to 51% (Spain and the Czech Republic), with a mean AAF among all country-years of 36.8% (42.5% for males and 22.5% for females). The Pearson correlation coefficient for the two types of injury AAF estimates was 0.09 for the total, 0.06 for males and 0.32 for females. CONCLUSIONS Two methods of estimating the injury alcohol-attributable fractions-emergency department data versus population method-produce widely differing results. Across 36 country-years, the mean AAF using the population method was 36.8%, more than twice as large as emergency department data-based acute estimates, which average 15.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ye
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group,
Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Shield
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for
Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Canada
| | - Cheryl J. Cherpitel
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group,
Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Jakob Manthey
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy,
Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rachael Korcha
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group,
Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for
Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada
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