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Cheng M, Nie Y, Song M, Chen F, Yu Y. Forkhead box O proteins: steering the course of stem cell fate. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 13:7. [PMID: 38466341 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-024-00190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells are pivotal players in the intricate dance of embryonic development, tissue maintenance, and regeneration. Their behavior is delicately balanced between maintaining their pluripotency and differentiating as needed. Disruptions in this balance can lead to a spectrum of diseases, underscoring the importance of unraveling the complex molecular mechanisms that govern stem cell fate. Forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins, a family of transcription factors, are at the heart of this intricate regulation, influencing a myriad of cellular processes such as survival, metabolism, and DNA repair. Their multifaceted role in steering the destiny of stem cells is evident, as they wield influence over self-renewal, quiescence, and lineage-specific differentiation in both embryonic and adult stem cells. This review delves into the structural and regulatory intricacies of FOXO transcription factors, shedding light on their pivotal roles in shaping the fate of stem cells. By providing insights into the specific functions of FOXO in determining stem cell fate, this review aims to pave the way for targeted interventions that could modulate stem cell behavior and potentially revolutionize the treatment and prevention of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Cheng
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujie Nie
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Song
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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Pedersen K, Watt J, Maimone C, Hang H, Denys A, Schroder K, Suva LJ, Chen JR, Ronis MJJ. Deletion of NADPH oxidase 2 in chondrocytes exacerbates ethanol-mediated growth plate disruption in mice without major effects on bone architecture or gene expression. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:2233-2247. [PMID: 38151780 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess reactive oxygen species generated by NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) in response to ethanol exposure mediate aspects of skeletal toxicity including increased osteoclast differentiation and activity. Because perturbation of chondrocyte differentiation in the growth plate by ethanol could be prevented by dietary antioxidants, we hypothesized that Nox2 in the growth plate was involved in ethanol-associated reductions in longitudinal bone growth. METHODS Nox2 conditional knockout mice were generated, where the essential catalytic subunit of Nox2, cytochrome B-245 beta chain (Cybb), is deleted in chondrocytes using a Cre-Lox model with Cre expressed from the collagen 2a1 promoter (Col2a1-Cre). Wild-type and Cre-Lox mice were fed an ethanol Lieber-DeCarli-based diet or pair-fed a control diet for 8 weeks. RESULTS Ethanol treatment significantly reduced the number of proliferating chondrocytes in the growth plate, enhanced bone marrow adiposity, shortened femurs, reduced body length, reduced cortical bone volume, and decreased mRNA levels of a number of osteoblast and chondrocyte genes. Conditional knockout of Nox2 enzymatic activity in chondrocytes did not consistently prevent any ethanol effects. Rather, knockout mice had fewer proliferating chondrocytes than wild-type mice in both the ethanol- and control-fed animals. Additional analysis of tibia samples from Nox4 knockout mice showed that loss of Nox4 activity also reduced the number of proliferating chondrocytes and altered chondrocyte size in the growth plate. CONCLUSIONS Although Nox enzymatic activity regulates growth plate development, ethanol-associated disruption of the growth plate morphology is independent of ethanol-mediated increases in Nox2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pedersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - J Watt
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - C Maimone
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - H Hang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - A Denys
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - K Schroder
- Institute of Physiology I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L J Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - J-R Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - M J J Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Wang Y, Shao P, Tian Q, Li H, Li J, Ren P, Lv Z, Lv J, Bai J, Feng Y. 'Triple clear': a systematic and comprehensive surgical process for Campanacci grades II and III giant cell tumors of the bone, with or without pathological fracture and slight joint invasion. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:114. [PMID: 36978172 PMCID: PMC10053671 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-02982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, researchers have proposed a number of adjuvant methods for extended curettage of giant cell tumors of the bone. However, various schemes have significant differences in efficacy and safety. Therefore, this article will describe an empirical expanded curettage protocol, 'triple clear', in detail to show the effect of the efficient surgical protocol. METHOD Patients with Campanacci grades II and III primary GCTB who were treated with either SR (n = 39) or TC (n = 41) were included. Various perioperative clinical indicators, including the therapy modality, operation time, Campanacci grade, and filling material were recorded and compared. The pain level was determined by the visual analog scale. Limb function was determined by the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) score. Follow-up time, recurrence rates, reoperation rates, and complication rates were also recorded and compared. RESULT The operation time was 135.7 ± 38.4 min in the TC group and 174.2 ± 43.0 min in the SR group (P < 0.05). The recurrence rates were 7.3% in the TC group and 8.3% in the SR group (P = 0.37). The MSTS scores at three months after surgery were 19.8 ± 1.5 in the TC group and 18.8 ± 1.3 in the SR group. The MSTS scores at two years were 26.2 ± 1.2 in the TC group and 24.3 ± 1.4 in the SR group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION TC is recommended for patients with Campanacci grade II-III GCTB and for those with a pathological fracture or slight joint invasion. Bone grafts may be more suitable than bone cement in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 of 51 Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 of 51 Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 of 51 Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haoze Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 of 51 Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 of 51 Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 of 51 Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhi Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 of 51 Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 of 51 Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Junjun Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 of 51 Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 of 51 Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Khair S, Brenner LA, Koval M, Samuelson D, Cucinello-Regland JA, Anton P, Piano MR, Simon L, Crotty K, Sharieh F, Travers JB, Singh V, Cannon A, Kim A, McCullough RL, Yeligar SM, Wyatt TA, McMahan RH, Choudhry MA, Kovacs EJ. New insights into the mechanism of alcohol-mediated organ damage via its impact on immunity, metabolism, and repair pathways: A summary of the 2021 Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2022; 103:1-7. [PMID: 35659577 PMCID: PMC9994264 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
On November 19th, 2021, the annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held at Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus in Maywood, Illinois. The 2021 meeting focused on how alcohol misuse is linked to immune system derangements, leading to tissue and organ damage, and how this research can be translated into improving treatment of alcohol-related disease. This meeting was divided into three plenary sessions: the first session focused on how alcohol misuse affects different parts of the immune system, the second session presented research on mechanisms of organ damage from alcohol misuse, and the final session highlighted research on potential therapeutic targets for treating alcohol-mediated tissue damage. Diverse areas of alcohol research were covered during the meeting, from alcohol's effect on pulmonary systems and neuroinflammation to epigenetic changes, senescence markers, and microvesicle particles. These presentations yielded a thoughtful discussion on how the findings can lead to therapeutic treatments for people suffering from alcohol-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanawaj Khair
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Derrick Samuelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jessica A Cucinello-Regland
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Paige Anton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mariann R Piano
- Center for Research Development and Scholarship, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology, Comprehensive Alcohol HIV/AIDs Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kathryn Crotty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Farah Sharieh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States; Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | | | - Vaibhav Singh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Abigail Cannon
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Adam Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mashkoor A Choudhry
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, United States; Integrative Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States.
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Eby JM, Sharieh F, Azevedo J, Callaci JJ. Episodic alcohol exposure attenuates mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation during bone fracture callus formation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:915-927. [PMID: 35403260 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During bone fracture repair, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) differentiate into chondrocytes and osteoblasts to form a fracture callus. Our laboratory previously reported that alcohol-exposed rodents with a surgically created tibia fracture display deficient fracture callus formation and diminished signs of endochondral ossification characterized by the absence of chondrocytes and mature hypertrophic chondrocytes, suggesting that alcohol may inhibit MSC differentiation. These findings led to our hypothesis that alcohol exposure inhibits mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation within the developing fracture callus. METHODS In the present study, we utilized a lineage-tracing approach to determine which stage(s) of chondrogenic differentiation are affected by alcohol exposure. We utilized lineage-specific reporter mice to determine the effects of alcohol on MSC and early and late chondrogenic cell frequencies within the fracture callus. In addition, serially sectioned slides were stained immunofluorescently and immunohistochemically and quantified to determine the effect of alcohol on cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, within the fracture callus of alcohol-administered rodents. RESULTS Alcohol-administered rodents had a reduced fracture callus area at 4, 6, and 9 days postfracture. Alcohol had no effect on apoptosis in the fracture callus at any of the examined timepoints. Alcohol-administered rodents had significantly fewer proliferative cells in the fracture callus at 9 days postfracture, but no effect on cell proliferation was observed at earlier fracture callus timepoints. Alcohol-administered rodents had reduced Collagen2a1- and Collagen10a1-expressing cells in the developing fracture callus, suggesting that alcohol inhibits both early chondrogenic differentiation and later chondrocyte maturation during fracture callus development. CONCLUSION The data suggest that alcohol could affect normal fracture healing through the mitigation of MSC chondrogenic differentiation at the callus site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Eby
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Farah Sharieh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Jessica Azevedo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - John J Callaci
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Wang Y, Tian Q, Wu C, Li H, Li J, Feng Y. Management of the Cavity After Removal of Giant Cell Tumor of the Bone. Front Surg 2021; 8:626272. [PMID: 34395504 PMCID: PMC8358324 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.626272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To find out the most appropriate management scheme through the analysis and comparison of different inactivation methods and filling materials. Method: A systematic literature search was performed using the terms, anhydrous ethanol, phenol, hypertonic saline, cryotherapy, thermal therapy, bone reconstruction, GCTB, and etc., Selected articles were studied and summarized. The mechanism, clinical effects, and influence on bone repair of various methods are presented. Recent developments and perspectives are also demonstrated. Recent Findings: Compared to curettage alone, management of the residual cavity can effectively reduce the recurrence of giant cell tumours of bone. It is a complex and multidisciplinary process that includes three steps: local control, cavity filling, and osteogenic induction. In terms of local control, High-speed burring can enlarge the area of curettage but may cause the spread and planting of tumour tissues. Among the inactivation methods, Anhydrous ethanol, and hyperthermia therapy are relatively safe and efficient. The combination of the two may achieve a better inactivation effect. When inactivating the cavity, we need to adjust the approach according to the invasion of the tumour. Filling materials and bone repair should also be considered in management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Wang
- Orthopedics Department, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Tian
- Orthopedics Department, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- Department of Computer & Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haoze Li
- Orthopedics Department, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Orthopedics Department, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Orthopedics Department, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Impact of Alcohol on Bone Health, Homeostasis and Fracture repair. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 8:75-86. [PMID: 33767923 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-020-00209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Alcohol use continues to rise globally. We review the current literature on the effect of alcohol on bone health, homeostasis and fracture repair to highlight what has been learned in people and animal models of alcohol consumption. Recent findings Recently, forkhead box O (FoxO) has been found to be upregulated and activated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exposed to alcohol. FoxO has also been found to modulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is necessary for MSC differentiation. Recent evidence suggests alcohol activates FoxO signaling, which may be dysregulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in MSCs cultured in alcohol. Summary This review highlights the negative health effects learned from people and chronic and episodic binge alcohol consumption animal models. Studies using chronic alcohol exposure or alcohol exposure then bone fracture repair model have explored several different cellular and molecular signaling pathways important for bone homeostasis and fracture repair, and offer potential for future experiments to explore additional signaling pathways that may be dysregulated by alcohol exposure.
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