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Puska G, Szendi V, Dobolyi A. Lateral septum as a possible regulatory center of maternal behaviors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105683. [PMID: 38649125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The lateral septum (LS) is involved in controlling anxiety, aggression, feeding, and other motivated behaviors. Lesion studies have also implicated the LS in various forms of caring behaviors. Recently, novel experimental tools have provided a more detailed insight into the function of the LS, including the specific role of distinct cell types and their neuronal connections in behavioral regulations, in which the LS participates. This article discusses the regulation of different types of maternal behavioral alterations using the distributions of established maternal hormones such as prolactin, estrogens, and the neuropeptide oxytocin. It also considers the distribution of neurons activated in mothers in response to pups and other maternal activities, as well as gene expressional alterations in the maternal LS. Finally, this paper proposes further research directions to keep up with the rapidly developing knowledge on maternal behavioral control in other maternal brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Puska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vivien Szendi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arpád Dobolyi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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2
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Liu HM, Liao ML, Liu GX, Wang LJ, Lian D, Ren J, Chi XT, Lv ZR, Liu M, Wu Y, Xu T, Wei JY, Feng X, Jiang B, Zhang XQ, Xin WJ. IPAC integrates rewarding and environmental memory during the acquisition of morphine CPP. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg5849. [PMID: 37352353 PMCID: PMC10289658 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg5849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The association between rewarding and drug-related memory is a leading factor for the formation of addiction, yet the neural circuits underlying the association remain unclear. Here, we showed that the interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (IPAC) integrated rewarding and environmental memory information by two different receiving projections from ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens shell region (NAcSh) to mediate the acquisition of morphine conditioned place preference (CPP). A projection from the VTA GABAergic neurons (VTAGABA) to the IPAC lateral region GABAergic neurons (IPACLGABA) mediated the effect of morphine rewarding, whereas the pathway from NAcSh dopamine receptor 1-expressing neurons (NAcShD1) to the IPAC medial region GABAergic neurons (IPACMGABA) was involved in the acquisition of environmental memory. These findings demonstrated that the distinct IPAC circuits VTAGABA→IPACLGABA and NAcShD1R→IPACMGABA were attributable to the rewarding and environmental memory during the acquisition of morphine CPP, respectively, and provided the circuit-based potential targets for preventing and treating opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Min Liu
- The Institute of Mental Psychology, School of Health Management, The Affiliated Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Ming-Lu Liao
- The Institute of Mental Psychology, School of Health Management, The Affiliated Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Guan-Xi Liu
- The Institute of Mental Psychology, School of Health Management, The Affiliated Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Lai-Jian Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dian Lian
- The Institute of Mental Psychology, School of Health Management, The Affiliated Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Jie Ren
- The Institute of Mental Psychology, School of Health Management, The Affiliated Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Xin-Tian Chi
- The Institute of Mental Psychology, School of Health Management, The Affiliated Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Lv
- The Institute of Mental Psychology, School of Health Management, The Affiliated Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jia-You Wei
- Neuroscience Program, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xue-Qin Zhang
- The Institute of Mental Psychology, School of Health Management, The Affiliated Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Wen-Jun Xin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Neuroscience Program, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Li YC, Wang Q, Li MG, Hu SF, Xu GY. A paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus input to ventral of lateral septal nucleus controls chronic visceral pain. Pain 2023; 164:625-637. [PMID: 35994589 PMCID: PMC9916060 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic visceral pain with complex etiology and difficult treatment. Accumulated evidence has confirmed that the sensitization of the central nervous system plays an important role in the development of visceral pain, whereas the exact mechanisms of action of the neural pathways remain largely unknown. In this study, a distinct neural circuit was identified from the paraventricular hypothalamic (PVH) to the ventral of lateral septal (LSV) region. This circuit was responsible for regulating visceral pain. In particular, the data indicated that the PVH CaMKIIα-positive neurons inputs to the LSV CaMKIIα-positive neurons were only activated by colorectal distention rather than somatic stimulations. The PVH-LSV CaMKIIα + projection pathway was further confirmed by experiments containing a viral tracer. Optogenetic inhibition of PVH CaMKIIα + inputs to LSV CaMKIIα-positive neurons suppressed visceral pain, whereas selective activation of the PVH-LSV CaMKIIα + projection evoked visceral pain. These findings suggest the critical role of the PVH-LSV CaMKIIα + circuit in regulating visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng-Ge Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Fen Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Li H, Sung HH, Lau CG. Activation of Somatostatin-Expressing Neurons in the Lateral Septum Improves Stress-Induced Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102253. [PMID: 36297687 PMCID: PMC9607457 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating mood disorder with highly heterogeneous pathogenesis. The limbic system is well-linked to depression. As an important node in the limbic system, the lateral septum (LS) can modulate multiple affective and motivational behaviors. However, the role of LS in depression remains unclear. By using c-Fos expression mapping, we first screened and showed activation of the LS in various depression-related behavioral tests, including the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and sucrose preference test. In the LS, more than 10% of the activated neurons were somatostatin-expressing (SST) neurons. We next developed a microendoscopic calcium imaging method in freely moving mice and revealed that LSSST neural activity increased during mobility in the TST but not open field test. We hypothesize that LSSST neuronal activity is linked to stress and depression. In two mouse models of depression, repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and chronic restraint stress (CRS), we showed that LS neuronal activation was suppressed. To examine whether the re-activation of LSSST neurons can be therapeutically beneficial, we optogenetically activated LSSST neurons and produced antidepressant-like effects in LPS-injected mice by increasing TST motility. Moreover, chemogenetic activation of LSSST neurons increased FST struggling in the CRS-exposed mice. Together, these results provide the first evidence of a role for LSSST neurons in regulating depressive-like behaviors in mice and identify them as a potential therapeutic target for neuromodulation-based intervention in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Hyun Hailey Sung
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Chunyue Geoffrey Lau
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3442-4345
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Jing MY, Ding XY, Han X, Zhao TY, Luo MM, Wu N, Li J, Song R. Activation of mesocorticolimbic dopamine projections initiates cue-induced reinstatement of reward seeking in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2276-2288. [PMID: 35217811 PMCID: PMC9433452 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction is characterized by relapse when addicts are re-exposed to drug-associated environmental cues, but the neural mechanisms underlying cue-induced relapse are unclear. In the present study we investigated the role of a specific dopaminergic (DA) pathway from ventral tegmental area (VTA) to nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) in mouse cue-induced relapse. Optical intracranial self-stimulation (oICSS) was established in DAT-Cre transgenic mice. We showed that optogenetic excitation of DA neurons in the VTA or their projection terminals in NAcore, NAshell or infralimbic prefrontal cortex (PFC-IL) was rewarding. Furthermore, activation of the VTA-NAcore pathway alone was sufficient and necessary to induce reinstatement of oICSS. In cocaine self-administration model, cocaine-associated cues activated VTA DA neurons as assessed by intracellular GCaMP signals. Cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking was triggered by optogenetic stimulation of the VTA-NAcore pathway, and inhibited by chemogenetic inhibition of this pathway. Together, these results demonstrate that cue-induced reinstatement of reward seeking is in part mediated by activation of the VTA-NAcore DA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tai-Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Min-Min Luo
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Rui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Speers LJ, Schmidt R, Bilkey DK. Aberrant Phase Precession of Lateral Septal Cells in a Maternal Immune Activation Model of Schizophrenia Risk May Disrupt the Integration of Location with Reward. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4187-4201. [PMID: 35396329 PMCID: PMC9121831 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0039-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial memory and reward processing are known to be disrupted in schizophrenia. Since the lateral septum (LS) may play an important role in the integration of location and reward, we examined the effect of maternal immune activation (MIA), a known schizophrenia risk factor, on spatial representation in the rat LS. In support of a previous study, we found that spatial location is represented as a phase code in the rostral LS of adult male rats, so that LS cell spiking shifts systematically against the phase of the hippocampal, theta-frequency, local field potential as an animal moves along a track toward a reward (phase precession). Whereas shallow precession slopes were observed in control group cells, they were steeper in the MIA animals, such that firing frequently precessed across several theta cycles as the animal moved along the length of the apparatus, with subsequent ambiguity in the phase representation of location. Furthermore, an analysis of the phase trajectories of the control group cells revealed that the population tended to converge toward a common firing phase as the animal approached the reward location. This suggested that phase coding in these cells might signal both reward location and the distance to reward. By comparison, the degree of phase convergence in the MIA-group cells was weak, and the region of peak convergence was distal to the reward location. These findings suggest that a schizophrenia risk factor disrupts the phase-based encoding of location-reward relationships in the LS, potentially smearing reward representations across space.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is unclear how spatial or contextual information generated by hippocampal cells is converted to a code that can be used to signal reward location in regions, such as the VTA. Here we provide evidence that the firing phase of cells in the lateral septum, a region that links the two areas, may code reward location in the firing phase of cells. This phase coding is disrupted in a maternal immune activation model of schizophrenia risk such that representations of reward may be smeared across space in maternal immune activation animals. This could potentially underlie erroneous reward processing and misattribution of salience in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda J Speers
- Psychology Department, Otago University, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Robert Schmidt
- Psychology Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - David K Bilkey
- Psychology Department, Otago University, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Liu Y, Deng SL, Li LX, Zhou ZX, Lv Q, Wang ZY, Wang F, Chen JG. A circuit from dorsal hippocampal CA3 to parvafox nucleus mediates chronic social defeat stress-induced deficits in preference for social novelty. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabe8828. [PMID: 35196094 PMCID: PMC8865774 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe8828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The preference for social novelty is crucial to the social life of humans and rodents. However, the neural mechanisms underlying social novelty preference are poorly understood. Here, we found that chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) reduced the preference for social novelty in mice by impairing the response of CaMKIIα+ neurons in the CA3 region of dorsal hippocampus (dCA3) during approach to an unfamiliar mouse. The deficits of social novelty preference in CSDS-treated mice were reversed by activating the output from dCA3 to the GABAergic neurons in the lateral septum (LS). The activation of GABAergic projection from LS recruited a circuit that inhibited the Foxb1+ neurons in the parvafox nucleus (PFN), which drove social avoidance by projecting to the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG). These results suggest that a previously unidentified circuit of dCA3CaMKIIα+→LSGABA+→PFNFoxb1+→lPAG mediates the deficits of social novelty preference induced by CSDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Si-Long Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liang-Xia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiu Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
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Zhang J, Navarrete M, Wu Y, Zhou Y. 14-3-3 Dysfunction in Dorsal Hippocampus CA1 (dCA1) Induces Psychomotor Behavior via a dCA1-Lateral Septum-Ventral Tegmental Area Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:817227. [PMID: 35237127 PMCID: PMC8882652 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.817227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While hippocampal hyperactivity is implicated in psychosis by both human and animal studies, whether it induces a hyperdopaminergic state and the underlying neural circuitry remains elusive. Previous studies established that region-specific inhibition of 14-3-3 proteins in the dorsal hippocampus CA1 (dCA1) induces schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice, including a novelty-induced locomotor hyperactivity. In this study, we showed that 14-3-3 dysfunction in the dCA1 over-activates ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons, and such over-activation is necessary for eliciting psychomotor behavior in mice. We demonstrated that such hippocampal dysregulation of the VTA during psychomotor behavior is dependent on an over-activation of the lateral septum (LS), given that inhibition of the LS attenuates over-activation of dopaminergic neurons and psychomotor behavior induced by 14-3-3 inhibition in the dCA1. Moreover, 14-3-3 inhibition-induced neuronal activations within the dCA1-LS-VTA pathway and psychomotor behavior can be reproduced by direct chemogenetic activation of LS-projecting dCA1 neurons. Collectively, these results suggest that 14-3-3 dysfunction in the dCA1 results in hippocampal hyperactivation which leads to psychomotor behavior via a dCA1-LS-VTA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Putting Together Pieces of the Lateral Septum: Multifaceted Functions and Its Neural Pathways. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0315-21.2021. [PMID: 34764187 PMCID: PMC8647703 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0315-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral septum (LS) is implicated as a hub that regulates a variety of affects, such as reward, feeding, anxiety, fear, sociability, and memory. However, it remains unclear how the LS, previously treated as a structure of homogeneity, exhibits such multifaceted functions. Emerging evidence suggests that different functions of the LS are mediated largely by its diverse input and output connections. It has also become clear that the LS is a heterogeneous region, where its dorsal and ventral poles play dissociable and often opposing roles. This functional heterogeneity can often be explained by distinct dorsal and ventral hippocampal inputs along the LS dorsoventral axis, as well as antagonizing connections between LS subregions. Similarly, outputs from LS subregions to respective downstream targets, such as hypothalamic, preoptic, and tegmental areas, also account for this functional heterogeneity. In this review, we provide an updated perspective on LS subregion classification, connectivity, and functions. We also identify key questions that have yet to be addressed in the field.
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Castillo Díaz F, Caffino L, Fumagalli F. Bidirectional role of dopamine in learning and memory-active forgetting. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:953-963. [PMID: 34655655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons projecting from the Substantia Nigra to the Striatum play a critical role in motor functions while dopaminergic neurons originating in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) and projecting to the Nucleus Accumbens, Hippocampus and other cortical structures regulate rewarding learning. While VTA mainly consists of dopaminergic neurons, excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) VTA-neurons have also been described: these neurons may also modulate and contribute to shape the final dopaminergic response, which is critical for memory formation. However, given the large amount of information that is handled daily by our brain, it is essential that irrelevant information be deleted. Recently, apart from the well-established role of dopamine (DA) in learning, it has been shown that DA plays a critical role in the intrinsic active forgetting mechanisms that control storage information, contributing to the deletion of a consolidated memory. These new insights may be instrumental to identify therapies for those disorders that involve memory alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Castillo Díaz
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Wirtshafter HS, Wilson MA. Lateral septum as a nexus for mood, motivation, and movement. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:544-559. [PMID: 33848512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The lateral septum (LS) has been implicated in a wide variety of functions, including emotional, motivational, and spatial behavior, and the LS may regulate interactions between the hippocampus and other regions that mediate goal directed behavior. In this review, we suggest that the lateral septum incorporates movement into the evaluation of environmental context with respect to motivation, anxiety, and reward to output an 'integrated movement value signal'. Specifically, hippocampally-derived contextual information may be combined with reinforcement or motivational information in the LS to inform task-relevant decisions. We will discuss how movement is represented in the LS and the literature on the LS's involvement in mood and motivation. We will then connect these results to LS movement-related literature and hypotheses about the role of the lateral septum. We suggest that the LS may communicate a movement-scaled reward signal via changes in place-, movement-, and reward-related firing, and that the LS should be considered a fundamental node of affect and locomotor pathways in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Wirtshafter
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Matthew A Wilson
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Abstract
This paper is the forty-first consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2018 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (2), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (3) and humans (4), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (5), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (6), stress and social status (7), learning and memory (8), eating and drinking (9), drug abuse and alcohol (10), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (11), mental illness and mood (12), seizures and neurologic disorders (13), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (14), general activity and locomotion (15), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (16), cardiovascular responses (17), respiration and thermoregulation (18), and immunological responses (19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
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Wirtshafter HS, Wilson MA. Differences in reward biased spatial representations in the lateral septum and hippocampus. eLife 2020; 9:55252. [PMID: 32452763 PMCID: PMC7274787 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral septum (LS), which is innervated by the hippocampus, is known to represent spatial information. However, the details of place representation in the LS, and whether this place information is combined with reward signaling, remains unknown. We simultaneously recorded from rat CA1 and caudodorsal lateral septum in rat during a rewarded navigation task and compared spatial firing in the two areas. While LS place cells are less numerous than in hippocampus, they are similar to the hippocampus in field size and number of fields per cell, but with field shape and center distributions that are more skewed toward reward. Spike cross-correlations between the hippocampus and LS are greatest for cells that have reward-proximate place fields, suggesting a role for the LS in relaying task-relevant hippocampal spatial information to downstream areas, such as the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Wirtshafter
- Department of Biology, MassachusettsInstitute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Picower Institute for Learning andMemory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Matthew A Wilson
- Department of Biology, MassachusettsInstitute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Picower Institute for Learning andMemory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
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Epigenetic upregulation of hippocampal CXCL12 contributes to context spatial memory-associated morphine conditioning. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 84:72-79. [PMID: 31751616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a learned behavior, in which animals learn to associate environmental contexts with rewarding effects. The formation of CPP is an integrated outcome of multiple learning processes. Although multiple anatomical substrates underlying this contextual learning have been proposed, it remains unknown whether a specific molecular signaling pathway within CA1 mediates context learning associated with morphine conditioning. Here, we showed that repeated context learning associated with morphine conditioning significantly increased CXCL12 levels in hippocampal CA1 neurons, and the inhibition of CXCL12 expression ameliorated the CPP behavior following context exposure with morphine conditioning. Additionally, repeated context exposure with morphine conditioning increased the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the acetylation of histone H4 in CXCL12-expressing neurons in CA1. Immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that repeated context exposure with morphine conditioning increased the binding of STAT3 to the CXCL12 gene promoter and the interaction between STAT3 and p300, which contributed to the enhanced transcription of CXCL12 by increasing the acetylation of histone H4 in the CXCL12 gene promoter. The inhibition of STAT3 by intrathecal injection of S3I-201 suppressed the acetylation of histone H4. These data demonstrated the epigenetic upregulation of CXCL12 following repeated context exposure with morphine conditioning, which potentially contributed to the spatial memory consolidation associated with conditioned place preference induced by morphine conditioning.
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Locomotor and Hippocampal Processing Converge in the Lateral Septum. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3177-3192.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Treatment Does Not Reduce Abuse-Related Effects of Opioid Drugs. eNeuro 2019; 6:eN-NRS-0443-18. [PMID: 31058214 PMCID: PMC6498420 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0443-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dependence on opioids and the number of opioid overdose deaths are serious and escalating public health problems, but medication-assisted treatments for opioid addiction remain inadequate for many patients. Glucagon-like pepide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut hormone and neuropeptide with actions in peripheral tissues and in the brain, including regulation of blood glucose and food intake. GLP-1 analogs, which are approved diabetes medications, can reduce the reinforcing and rewarding effects of alcohol, cocaine, amphetamine, and nicotine in rodents. Investigations on effects of GLP-1 analogs on opioid reward and reinforcement have not been reported. We assessed the effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 (Ex4) on opioid-related behaviors in male mice, i.e., morphine-conditioned place preference (CPP), intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of the short-acting synthetic opioid remifentanil, naltrexone-precipitated morphine withdrawal, morphine analgesia (male and female mice), and locomotor activity. Ex4 treatment had no effect on morphine-induced CPP, withdrawal, or hyperlocomotion. Ex4 failed to decrease remifentanil self-administration, if anything reinforcing effects of remifentanil appeared increased in Ex4-treated mice relative to saline. Ex4 did not significantly affect analgesia. In contrast, Ex4 dose dependently decreased oral alcohol self-administration, and suppressed spontaneous locomotor activity. Taken together, Ex4 did not attenuate the addiction-related behavioral effects of opioids, indicating that GLP-1 analogs would not be useful medications in the treatment of opioid addiction. This difference between opioids and other drug classes investigated to date may shed light on the mechanism of action of GLP-1 receptor treatment in the addictive effects of alcohol, central stimulants, and nicotine.
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Tsanov M. Differential and complementary roles of medial and lateral septum in the orchestration of limbic oscillations and signal integration. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 48:2783-2794. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Tsanov
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
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