1
|
Cantero-García N, Flores-Burgess A, Pineda-Gómez JP, Orio L, Serrano A, Díaz-Cabiale Z, Millón C. Galanin N-terminal fragment (1−15) reduces alcohol seeking and alcohol relapse in rats: Involvement of mesocorticolimbic system. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
2
|
Sánchez ML, Coveñas R. The Galaninergic System: A Target for Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3755. [PMID: 35954419 PMCID: PMC9367524 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to show the involvement of the galaninergic system in neuroendocrine (phaeochromocytomas, insulinomas, neuroblastic tumors, pituitary tumors, small-cell lung cancer) and non-neuroendocrine (gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, glioma) tumors. The galaninergic system is involved in tumorigenesis, invasion/migration of tumor cells and angiogenesis, and this system has been correlated with tumor size/stage/subtypes, metastasis and recurrence rate. In the galaninergic system, epigenetic mechanisms have been related with carcinogenesis and recurrence rate. Galanin (GAL) exerts both proliferative and antiproliferative actions in tumor cells. GAL receptors (GALRs) mediate different signal transduction pathways and actions, depending on the particular G protein involved and the tumor cell type. In general, the activation of GAL1R promoted an antiproliferative effect, whereas the activation of GAL2R induced antiproliferative or proliferative actions. GALRs could be used in certain tumors as therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for treatment, prognosis and surgical outcome. The current data show the importance of the galaninergic system in the development of certain tumors and suggest future potential clinical antitumor applications using GAL agonists or antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lisardo Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neuroanatomía de los Sistema Peptidérgicos (Lab. 14), Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, c/Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Laboratorio de Neuroanatomía de los Sistema Peptidérgicos (Lab. 14), Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, c/Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Grupo GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The Combination of Galanin (1–15) and Escitalopram in Rats Suggests a New Strategy for Alcohol Use Disorder Comorbidity with Depression. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020412. [PMID: 35203621 PMCID: PMC8962322 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent, and over 50% of AUD patients also suffer major depressive disorders. Selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can reduce rodent ethanol drinking but exert modest clinical efficacy in alcoholic individuals. Finding new pharmacological strategies that could modulate alcohol consumption and depression is necessary. We have analyzed the effect of Galanin (1–15) [GAL(1–15)] on escitalopram (ESC)-mediated effect in alcohol consumption using the alcohol self-administration test, the nuclei involved in the effect, and whether GAL(1–15) + ESC modulated the response in despair or anxiety tests in animals under chronic alcohol intake. GAL(1–15) + ESC combination substantially reduced alcohol intake in the alcohol self-administration test and, moreover, enhanced the reduction of reward capacity of ESC on different reinforcers such as sucrose or saccharine. GAL(1–15) + ESC coadministration significantly decreases the number of C-Fos-IR TH cell bodies in the VTA, and PCA analysis suggests that one functional network, including VTA, RMTg and DR, is involved in these effects. Significantly in rats with chronic alcohol consumption, GAL(1–15) reversed adverse ESC-mediated effects in the depression-related behavioural test and forced swimming test. The results open up the possibility of using GAL(1–15) in combination with the SSRI Escitalopram as a novel strategy in AUD comorbidity with depression.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sobrido-Cameán D, Yáñez-Guerra LA, Lamanna F, Conde-Fernández C, Kaessmann H, Elphick MR, Anadón R, Rodicio MC, Barreiro-Iglesias A. Galanin in an Agnathan: Precursor Identification and Localisation of Expression in the Brain of the Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:83. [PMID: 31572131 PMCID: PMC6753867 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Galanin is a neuropeptide that is widely expressed in the mammalian brain, where it regulates many physiological processes, including feeding and nociception. Galanin has been characterized extensively in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), but little is known about the galanin system in the most ancient extant vertebrate class, the jawless vertebrates or agnathans. Here, we identified and cloned a cDNA encoding the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) galanin precursor (PmGalP). Sequence analysis revealed that PmGalP gives rise to two neuropeptides that are similar to gnathostome galanins and galanin message-associated peptides. Using mRNA in situ hybridization, the distribution of PmGalP-expressing neurons was mapped in the brain of larval and adult sea lampreys. This revealed PmGalP-expressing neurons in the septum, preoptic region, striatum, hypothalamus, prethalamus, and displaced cells in lateral areas of the telencephalon and diencephalon. In adults, the laterally migrated PmGalP-expressing neurons are observed in an area that extends from the ventral pallium to the lateral hypothalamus and prethalamus. The striatal and laterally migrated PmGalP-expressing cells of the telencephalon were not observed in larvae. Comparison with studies on jawed vertebrates reveals that the presence of septal and hypothalamic galanin-expressing neuronal populations is highly conserved in vertebrates. However, compared to mammals, there is a more restricted pattern of expression of the galanin transcript in the brain of lampreys. This work provides important new information on the early evolution of the galanin system in vertebrates and provides a genetic and neuroanatomical basis for functional analyses of the galanin system in lampreys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sobrido-Cameán
- Department of Functional Biology, CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Francesco Lamanna
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Candela Conde-Fernández
- Department of Functional Biology, CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Henrik Kaessmann
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maurice R. Elphick
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ramón Anadón
- Department of Functional Biology, CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Celina Rodicio
- Department of Functional Biology, CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antón Barreiro-Iglesias
- Department of Functional Biology, CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Millón C, Flores-Burgess A, Gago B, Alén F, Orio L, García-Durán L, Narváez JA, Fuxe K, Santín L, Díaz-Cabiale Z. Role of the galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15) in anhedonia: Involvement of the dopaminergic mesolimbic system. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:737-747. [PMID: 31081442 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119844188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia is a core feature of depressive disorders. The galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15) plays a role in mood regulation since it induces depression and anxiogenic-like effects in rats. In this study, we analysed galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15) actions in anhedonic-like behaviours in rats using operant and non-operant tests and the areas involved with these effects. METHODS Galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15) effects were analysed in saccharin self-administration, sucrose preference, novelty-suppressed feeding and female urine sniffing tests. The areas involved in galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15)-mediated effects were studied with positron emission tomography for in vivo imaging, and we analysed the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens. Galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15) had effects on the mRNA expression of the dopamine transporters Dat and Vmat2; the C-Fos gene; the dopamine receptors D1, D2, D3, D5; and the galanin receptors 1 and 2. RESULTS Galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15) at a concentration of 3 nmol induced a strong anhedonia-like phenotype in all tests. The involvement of galanin receptor 2 was demonstrated with the galanin receptor 2 antagonist M871 (3 nmol). The 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography images indicated the action of galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15) over several nuclei of the limbic system. Galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15)-mediated effects also involved changes in the expression of Dat, Vmat2, D3 and galanin receptors in the ventral tegmental area as well as the expression of C-Fos, D1, D2 and D3 and TH immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15) exerts strong anhedonic-like effects and that this effect was accompanied by changes in the dopaminergic mesolimbic system. These results may provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies using galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15) analogues for the treatment of depression and reward-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Millón
- 1 Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,2 Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Flores-Burgess
- 1 Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Belén Gago
- 1 Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Alén
- 2 Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Orio
- 2 Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura García-Durán
- 1 Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - José A Narváez
- 1 Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- 3 Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis Santín
- 4 Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Zaida Díaz-Cabiale
- 1 Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hökfelt T, Barde S, Xu ZQD, Kuteeva E, Rüegg J, Le Maitre E, Risling M, Kehr J, Ihnatko R, Theodorsson E, Palkovits M, Deakin W, Bagdy G, Juhasz G, Prud’homme HJ, Mechawar N, Diaz-Heijtz R, Ögren SO. Neuropeptide and Small Transmitter Coexistence: Fundamental Studies and Relevance to Mental Illness. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:106. [PMID: 30627087 PMCID: PMC6309708 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are auxiliary messenger molecules that always co-exist in nerve cells with one or more small molecule (classic) neurotransmitters. Neuropeptides act both as transmitters and trophic factors, and play a role particularly when the nervous system is challenged, as by injury, pain or stress. Here neuropeptides and coexistence in mammals are reviewed, but with special focus on the 29/30 amino acid galanin and its three receptors GalR1, -R2 and -R3. In particular, galanin's role as a co-transmitter in both rodent and human noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons is addressed. Extensive experimental animal data strongly suggest a role for the galanin system in depression-like behavior. The translational potential of these results was tested by studying the galanin system in postmortem human brains, first in normal brains, and then in a comparison of five regions of brains obtained from depressed people who committed suicide, and from matched controls. The distribution of galanin and the four galanin system transcripts in the normal human brain was determined, and selective and parallel changes in levels of transcripts and DNA methylation for galanin and its three receptors were assessed in depressed patients who committed suicide: upregulation of transcripts, e.g., for galanin and GalR3 in LC, paralleled by a decrease in DNA methylation, suggesting involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. It is hypothesized that, when exposed to severe stress, the noradrenergic LC neurons fire in bursts and release galanin from their soma/dendrites. Galanin then acts on somato-dendritic, inhibitory galanin autoreceptors, opening potassium channels and inhibiting firing. The purpose of these autoreceptors is to act as a 'brake' to prevent overexcitation, a brake that is also part of resilience to stress that protects against depression. Depression then arises when the inhibition is too strong and long lasting - a maladaption, allostatic load, leading to depletion of NA levels in the forebrain. It is suggested that disinhibition by a galanin antagonist may have antidepressant activity by restoring forebrain NA levels. A role of galanin in depression is also supported by a recent candidate gene study, showing that variants in genes for galanin and its three receptors confer increased risk of depression and anxiety in people who experienced childhood adversity or recent negative life events. In summary, galanin, a neuropeptide coexisting in LC neurons, may participate in the mechanism underlying resilience against a serious and common disorder, MDD. Existing and further results may lead to an increased understanding of how this illness develops, which in turn could provide a basis for its treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Swapnali Barde
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhi-Qing David Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Eugenia Kuteeva
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joelle Rüegg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Swetox, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Erwan Le Maitre
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten Risling
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Kehr
- Pronexus Analytical AB, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Ihnatko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Miklos Palkovits
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - William Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP 2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Naguib Mechawar
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sven Ove Ögren
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wilson KE, Limburg S, Duggan MK, Lawther AJ, Williams SJ, Lawrence AJ, Hale MW, Djouma E. The galanin receptor-3 antagonist, SNAP 37889, inhibits cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking and increases c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens shell of alcohol-preferring rats. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:911-921. [PMID: 29926762 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118780015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the effects of the galanin-3 receptor antagonist, SNAP 37889, on c-Fos protein expression after cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking in the brains of alcohol-preferring rats. METHODS Eighteen alcohol-preferring rats were trained to self-administer 10% v/v ethanol in the presence of response-contingent cues, which was followed by extinction. Rats were then treated with SNAP 37889 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle, before being tested for cue-induced reinstatement. Administration of SNAP 37889 reduced cue-induced reinstatement of ethanol-seeking behaviour. To examine the effect of SNAP 37889 and cue-induced reinstatement on neuronal activation, c-Fos expression was measured in subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. RESULTS SNAP 37889 administration increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens shell, but was without effect in the nucleus accumbens core and the medial prefrontal cortex. Dual-label Fos/tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry was used to examine the effects of SNAP 37889 on dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area; however, no differences between SNAP 37889 and vehicle-treated rats were found. CONCLUSIONS These data support previous findings of galanin-3 receptor involvement in cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behaviour, and provide novel evidence that the ability of galanin-3 receptor antagonism to attenuate cue-induced reinstatement relates to activation of the nucleus accumbens shell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira-Elise Wilson
- 1 School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sigrid Limburg
- 1 School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa K Duggan
- 1 School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam J Lawther
- 1 School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Spencer J Williams
- 2 School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- 3 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew W Hale
- 1 School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elvan Djouma
- 4 School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|