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Fernandes JDKB, de Sousa FS, Alves CMC, Ribeiro CCC, Simões VMF, Saraiva MDCP, Thomaz EBAF. Small for gestational age and early childhood caries: the BRISA cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14343. [PMID: 37658113 PMCID: PMC10474029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tests the hypothesis that children 12-30 months born small for gestational age (SGA) aged are more susceptible to severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). We used data on 865 children aged 12-30 months from a prospective cohort study conducted in a city in the northeast of Brazil. The study outcome was S-ECC, defined based on the proportion of decayed tooth surfaces (cavitated or not). The main exposure variable was SGA, defined according to the Kramer criterion and the INTERGROWTH-21st standard. Direct (SGA → S-ECC) and indirect effects were estimated using structural equation modeling, calculating standardized factor loadings (SFL) and P-values (alpha = 5%). The final models showed a good fit. SGA influenced S-ECC in the direct and indirect paths. In the group of SGA children with 12 or more erupted teeth defined according to the Kramer criterion, the direct effect was positive (SFL = 0.163; P = 0.019); while among all SGA children defined according to the INTERGROWTH-21st standard, the direct effect was negative (SFL = - 0.711; P < 0.001). Age and number of erupted teeth may influence the occurrence of S-ECC in SGA children, as the number of teeth affects the time of exposure to disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de Kássia Braga Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Francenilde Silva de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Rua Barão de Itapari, 155 - Centro, São Luís, Maranhão, 65020-070, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Maria Coelho Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Cecília Cláudia Costa Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Erika Barbara Abreu Fonseca Thomaz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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Latifi-Xhemajli B, Rexhepi A, Veronneau J, Kutllovci T, Ahmeti D, Bajrami S. Streptococcus Mutans Infections in Infants and Related Maternal/Child Factors. Acta Stomatol Croat 2021; 55:308-315. [PMID: 34658377 PMCID: PMC8514224 DOI: 10.15644/asc55/3/8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the maternal-child S. mutans infection, mutual interaction and potential risk factors altering this interaction. Material and methods A total of 160 mothers who were paired with their children were recruited. Saliva from mothers and children was collected and S. mutans categorized levels were analyzed. A questionnaire was used to collect maternal and child conventional caries risk factors. A proportional odds regression model was used to investigate whether the level of infection of mothers would similarly affect the level of infection of their children, thus adjusting for other risk factors. Results The average age of mothers was 28.1 years and children had a median age of 5.1 months. Paired mother-child S. mutans cross-classification into non-infected and infected subjects showed no agreement in mutual contamination. Maternal infection of the child was highest when the mother was infected with 10>3 S. mutans/ml of saliva. The results obtained by the regression model showed that none of the potential risk factors influenced the level of infection in the child. Conclusion Mothers with a high S. mutans level increase the risk of S. mutans acquisition for her five- month- old child but no evidence was found that other maternal/child factors may influence this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerta Latifi-Xhemajli
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University Dentistry Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Aida Rexhepi
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University Dentistry Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | | | - Teuta Kutllovci
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University Dentistry Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Dafina Ahmeti
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University Dentistry Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Shqiprim Bajrami
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University Dentistry Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
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Kopycka-Kedzierawski DT, Scott-Anne K, Ragusa PG, Cvetanovska M, Flint K, Feng C, Watson GE, Wong CL, Billings RJ, Quivey RJ, O'Connor TG. Social, Psychological, and Behavioral Predictors of Salivary Bacteria, Yeast in Caries-Free Children. JDR Clin Trans Res 2021; 7:163-173. [PMID: 33719664 DOI: 10.1177/2380084421999365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early childhood caries (ECC) is a complex, multifactorial oral disease that is a major public health concern because it is prevalent, profoundly alters a child's quality of life, is difficult to treat effectively, and has a distressing tendency to recur following treatment. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to examine social, psychological, and behavioral predictors of salivary bacteria and yeast in young children at risk for ECC. METHODS A sample of 189 initially caries-free preschool children was assessed for child stress physiology from salivary cortisol, child and family stress exposure, diet, oral health behaviors, and sociodemographic risks. Multiple logistic regression analysis was implemented to examine the associations between these risk factors and cariogenic microorganisms: mutans streptococci (MS), lactobacilli (LB), and Candida species. RESULTS Higher baseline salivary cortisol (odds ratio [OR] = 6.26; 95% confidence level [CL], 1.69-23.16) and a blunted response to an acute laboratory stressor (OR = .56; 95% CL, .37-.83) were associated with an increased likelihood of elevated salivary MS (≥105 colony-forming units/mL) in caries-free children. Sociodemographic risk for cariogenic microorganisms was also found. Specifically, lower education attainment of the parent/primary caregiver was associated with children being more likely to carry salivary Candida species and elevated salivary MS; in addition, children from households with an unemployed parent/primary caregiver were more likely (OR = 3.13; 95% CL, 1.2-8.05) to carry salivary Candida species and more likely (OR = 3.03; 95% CL, 1.25-7.33) to carry elevated levels of MS and/or salivary Candida and/or LB. CONCLUSIONS The impact of sociodemographic risk and stress physiology on cariogenic disease processes are evident prior to ECC onset. The findings provide novel data on the early onset of cariogenic processes in children and the importance of considering sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors when judging ECC risk. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The findings provide valuable and novel findings that, pre-ECC onset, the caries disease process is explicable from a detailed assessment of behavioral, sociodemographic, and psychosocial stress variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Kopycka-Kedzierawski
- Department of Dentistry and Center for Oral Biology, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - K Scott-Anne
- Center for Oral Biology, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - P G Ragusa
- Department of Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M Cvetanovska
- Department of Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - K Flint
- Department of Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - C Feng
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - G E Watson
- Department of Dentistry and Center for Oral Biology, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - C L Wong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Pediatrics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R J Billings
- Department of Dentistry and Center for Oral Biology, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R J Quivey
- Center for Oral Biology, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - T G O'Connor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Kashyap N, Katlam T, Avinash A, Kumar B, Kulshrestha R, Das P. Middle ear infection in children and its association with dental caries. Med Pharm Rep 2019; 92:271-276. [PMID: 31460509 PMCID: PMC6709956 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Middle ear infection affects mostly infants and children, associated with elevated level of S. mutans, which increases the chances of developing caries. AIM To evaluate the difference in level of Streptococcus mutans between normal children & children affected by middle ear infection. METHOD This descriptive study was carried out on 120 children aged 5 years and younger. They were selected randomly from schools and medical hospitals. S. mutans was counted from saliva sample and a questionnaire was given to be filled by their parents about the feeding method, pattern and specific childhood illness. RESULT Out of 120 children examined, 62 were boys and 58 were girls. Mean CFU in middle ear infection group was 5.60+9.53, whereas in children with no middle ear infection it was 1.70+3.34. Unpaired 't' test revealed statistically significant difference among the two groups (p value = 0.001). CONCLUSION S. mutans count was comparatively higher in children having middle ear infection rather than non-infected children, which may cause dental caries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpol Kashyap
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, India
| | - Tulsi Katlam
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, India
| | - Alok Avinash
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, India
| | - Brij Kumar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, India
| | - Reena Kulshrestha
- Department of Microbiology, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, India
| | - Pooja Das
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, India
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Antão C, Teixeira C, Gomes M. Effect of Mode of Delivery on Early Oral Colonization and Childhood Dental Caries: A Systematic Review. PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1159/000495804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Villhauer AL, Lynch DJ, Warren JJ, Dawson DV, Blanchette DR, Drake DR. Genotypic characterization and comparison of Streptococcus mutans in American Indian and Southeast Iowa children. Clin Exp Dent Res 2017; 3:235-243. [PMID: 29416899 PMCID: PMC5788224 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries is a complex health care issue that has a multifactorial etiology. One aspect of this etiology is the colonization and propagation of acidogenic bacteria at an early age. There have been several bacterial species associated with caries but 1 common species is Streptococcus mutans. Here, we describe genotypic diversity and commonality of Streptococcus mutans recovered from children representing 2 groups with similar socioeconomic demographics: a Northern Plains American Indian Tribe and a Southeast Iowa population. Forty 36‐month‐old American Indian children were selected from a cohort of 239 mothers and children, and forty 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children from Southeast Iowa were selected to compare the genotypic profiles of Streptococcus mutans recovered from each child's plaque. S. mutans isolates were selected from whole mouth plaque samples; DNA was extracted and amplified via AP‐PCR to show specific genotype patterns. These patterns were compared with GelComparIIv6.5 gel analysis software. We found 18 distinct genotypes from 524 isolates; 13 of which were common between the 2 communities. Five genotypes were unique to only the American Indian children while the Southeast Iowa children harbored no unique genotypes. Although the American Indian children had some genotypes that were not present in the Southeast Iowa children, these were not widely distributed among the community. Furthermore, the levels of genotypic diversity and commonality were similar between the 2 populations. This study sets the groundwork for a comprehensive comparison of genotypes and caries among larger subsections of both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa L Villhauer
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
| | - David J Lynch
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
| | - John J Warren
- Preventive and Community Dentistry University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
| | - Deborah V Dawson
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
| | - Derek R Blanchette
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
| | - David R Drake
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
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Yu LX, Tao Y, Qiu RM, Zhou Y, Zhi QH, Lin HC. Genetic polymorphisms of the sortase A gene and social-behavioural factors associated with caries in children: a case-control study. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:54. [PMID: 25934314 PMCID: PMC4423529 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the primary etiological agent of dental caries. Sortase is a transpeptidase that anchors several surface proteins to the S. mutans cell wall and has been shown to play a major role in cariogenicity. The purpose of this study was to explore the genetic polymorphisms of the sortase gene (srtA) and the social-behavioural factors associated with dental caries in children with S. mutans. Methods In this case–control study, 121 S. mutans strains were separately selected from caries-free children and high-severity caries children for sequencing of the srtA gene. Social and behavioural data were collected by self-administered questionnaires. Genomic DNA was extracted from S. mutans strains and amplified by PCR to obtain the srtA gene. The purified PCR products were sequenced and analysed for mutations with ABI Variant Reporter software. The distribution of missense mutations and the mean of social-behavioural factors were compared between the groups. A multiple logistic regression model was used to control for confounding factors. Results The mutation frequencies at loci 168 (P = 0.023) and 470 (P = 0.032) were significantly different between the groups. The best-fitting model showed that greater age, high frequencies of solid sugar consumption, prolonged breastfeeding, a high proportion of visible plaque, and S. mutans with a T at locus 168 of the srtA gene were associated with high-severity caries in children (P < 0.05). Children carrying a G at locus 168 of S. mutans had a decreased risk for high-severity caries (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.12–0.86) compared with those carrying a T. Conclusions The present study suggested that the locus 168 missense mutation of the srtA gene may correlate with caries susceptibility in children with S. mutans. In addition, age, duration of breastfeeding, solid sugar consumption, and poor oral hygiene contributed to this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xia Yu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rong Min Qiu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qing Hui Zhi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huan Cai Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Lynch DJ, Villhauer AL, Warren JJ, Marshall TA, Dawson DV, Blanchette DR, Phipps KR, Starr DE, Drake DR. Genotypic characterization of initial acquisition of Streptococcus mutans in American Indian children. J Oral Microbiol 2015; 7:27182. [PMID: 25840611 PMCID: PMC4385128 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v7.27182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe-early childhood caries (S-ECC) is one of the most common infectious diseases in children and is prevalent in lower socio-economic populations. American Indian children suffer from the highest levels of S-ECC in the United States. Members of the mutans streptococci, Streptococcus mutans, in particular, are key etiologic agents in the development of caries. Children typically acquire S. mutans from their mothers and early acquisition is often associated with higher levels of tooth decay. Methods We have conducted a 5-year birth cohort study with a Northern Plains Tribe to determine the temporality and fidelity of S. mutans transmission from mother to child in addition to the genotypic diversity of S. mutans in this community. Plaque samples were collected from 239 mother/child dyads at regular intervals from birth to 36 months and S. mutans were isolated and genotyped by arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Results Here we present preliminary findings from a subset of the cohort. The focus for this paper is on initial acquisition events in the children. We identified 17 unique genotypes in 711 S. mutans isolates in our subset of 40 children, 40 mothers and 14 primary caregivers. Twelve of these genotypes were identified in more than one individual. S. mutans colonization occurred by 16 months in 57.5% of the children and early colonization was associated with higher decayed, missing and filled surface (DMFS) scores (p=0.0007). Children colonized by S. mutans shared a common genotype with their mothers 47.8% of the time. While multiple genotypes were common in adults, only 10% of children harbored multiple genotypes. Conclusion These children acquire S. mutans at an earlier age than the originally described ‘window of infectivity’ and often, but not exclusively, from their mothers. Early acquisition is associated with both the caries status of the children and the mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lynch
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alissa L Villhauer
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John J Warren
- Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Teresa A Marshall
- Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Deborah V Dawson
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Derek R Blanchette
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Delores E Starr
- Area Regional Dental Prevention/Research Director, Pine Ridge, SD, USA
| | - David R Drake
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA;
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Ingemansson Hultquist A, Lingström P, Bågesund M. Risk factors for early colonization of mutans streptococci - a multiple logistic regression analysis in Swedish 1-year-olds. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:147. [PMID: 25472569 PMCID: PMC4265497 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutans streptococci (MS) are closely related to the development of dental caries and are usually established in the oral cavity during early childhood. The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with the presence of MS in Swedish 1-year-olds. METHODS Parents completed a questionnaire on different caries-associated factors and an oral bacterial sample was collected from 1,050 (526 boys, 524 girls) 1-year-olds. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for colonization with MS. RESULTS MS were found in 27% of the 1-year-olds with teeth. High or very high MS scores (2-3) were found in 72 (7%) of the children. MS score was correlated to the number of erupted teeth (p < 0.001). No difference due to gender was found. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that presence of bacteria was associated with: caries in a sibling, other beverages than water between meals, and more than 8 erupted teeth. High or very high MS scores (2-3) were associated with other beverages than water between meals, and more than 8 erupted teeth. CONCLUSIONS Number of teeth present, diet and family aspects were factors associated with presence of MS in 1-year-olds. To develop high or very high MS scores, the number of erupted teeth and dietary habits are important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mats Bågesund
- Center for Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Public Dental Service Östergötland, Folktandvården Druvan, SE-601 82 Norrköping, Sweden.
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Yang SJ, Han SH, Lee AR, Jun JH, Son MW, Oh SH, Kim J, Paik SY. Evaluation of antimicrobial effects of commercial mouthwashes utilized in South Korea. BMB Rep 2014; 48:42-7. [PMID: 24856826 PMCID: PMC4345641 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.1.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is frequently associated with dental caries. Bacterial fermentation of food debris generates an acidic environment on the tooth surface, ultimately resulting in tooth deterioration. Therefore, various mouthwashes have been used to reduce and prevent Streptococcus mutans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of 4 commercial mouthwashes and those of 10% and 20% ethanol solutions (formula A, B, C, D, E and F) against Streptococcus mutans using biofilm and planktonic methods. The range of reduction in the viable cell count of Streptococcus mutans as estimated by the biofilm and planktonic methods was 0.05-5.51 log (P ≤ 0.01) and 1.23-7.51 log (P ≤ 0.001) compared with the negative control, respectively, indicating that the planktonic method had a stronger antibacterial effect against S. mutans. Among the tested formulations, formula A(Garglin regularⓇ mouthwash) was the most effective against Streptococcus mutans (P ≤ 0.001). [BMB Reports 2015; 48(1): 42-47]
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jeong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Sang-Ha Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Ah-Ra Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Joon-Ho Jun
- Pharmaceutical Product Research Aboratories, Dong-A ST Research Institute, Yonin 449-905, Korea
| | - Mi-Won Son
- Pharmaceutical Product Research Aboratories, Dong-A ST Research Institute, Yonin 449-905, Korea
| | - Se-Hwan Oh
- Apgugeong St. Mary's Eye Center, Seoul 135-894, Korea
| | - Jaehong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Korea
| | - Soon-Young Paik
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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