1
|
Sarkisova F, Morse Z, Lee K, Bostanci N. Oral Irrigation Devices: A Scoping Review. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e912. [PMID: 38881230 PMCID: PMC11180943 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-performed oral hygiene is essential for preventing dental caries, periodontal, and peri-implant diseases. Oral irrigators are adjunctive oral home care aids that may benefit oral health. However, the effects of oral irrigation on oral health, its role in oral home care, and its mechanism of action are not fully understood. A comprehensive search of the literature revealed no existing broad scoping reviews on oral irrigators. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive systematic review of the literature on oral irrigation devices and identify evidence gaps. METHODS The Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were utilized to prepare the review. Four databases and eight gray literature sources were searched for English publications across any geographical location or setting. RESULTS Two hundred and seventy-five sources were included, predominantly from scientific journals and academic settings. Most studies originated from North America. Research primarily involved adults, with limited studies in children and adolescents. Oral irrigation was safe and well-accepted when used appropriately. It reduced periodontal inflammation, potentially by modulating the oral microbiota, but further research needs to clarify its mechanism of action. Promising results were reported in populations with dental implants and special needs. Patient acceptance appeared high, but standardized patient-reported outcome measures were rarely used. Anti-inflammatory benefits occurred consistently across populations and irrigant solutions. Plaque reduction findings were mixed, potentially reflecting differences in study designs and devices. CONCLUSIONS Oral irrigators reduce periodontal inflammation, but their impact on plaque removal remains unclear. Well-designed, sufficiently powered trials of appropriate duration need to assess the clinical, microbiological, and inflammatory responses of the periodontium to oral irrigation, particularly those with periodontitis, dental implants, and special needs. Patient-reported outcome measures, costs, caries prevention, and environmental impact of oral irrigation need to be compared to other oral hygiene aids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Sarkisova
- Department of Oral HealthAuckland University of TechnologyAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Zac Morse
- Department of Oral HealthAuckland University of TechnologyAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Kevin Lee
- Department of Food Science and MicrobiologyAuckland University of TechnologyAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Health and PeriodontologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mitani A, Matsuura T, Aino M, Hayashi JI, Nishida E, Hori M, Kikuchi T. Effectiveness of novel oral hygiene instruction avoiding inattentional blindness using an application for unique plaque control record calculation: A randomized clinical trial. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:458-467. [PMID: 38186286 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to estimate the effectiveness of novel oral hygiene instruction (OHI) focusing on areas with deep periodontal pockets for reduction of periodontal inflammation. BACKGROUND DATA DISCUSSING THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE FIELD Because stained areas on the plaque chart do not always correspond to the areas with deep periodontal pockets, conventional OHI based on O'Leary's plaque control record (PCR) often provides guidance inconsistent with the target area. METHODS This randomized clinical trial involved two groups: (1) OHI based on the PCR limited in deep pocket sites (novel OHI group) and (2) OHI based on O'Leary's PCR (conventional OHI group). The unique PCR (aggressive target for PCR [agPCR]; only counting the plaque-stained areas with PD at ≥4 mm sites) for the novel OHI was calculate by dedicated expression program. The probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) were obtained at the baseline and 5 to 6 months later. RESULTS The approximation curve with PISA before and after instruction indicated that the PISA converged to a lower value after instruction in the novel OHI group. The approximation curve with the improvement rate of the PISA and agPCR showed a positive correlation in the novel OHI group but no correlation in the conventional OHI group. CONCLUSION Control of inflammation was more effective in the novel OHI group. These results suggest that this novel OHI technique using our developed application could be used as a strategy to improve the effectiveness of brushing instruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akio Mitani
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takato Matsuura
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Aino
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eisaku Nishida
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miki Hori
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikuchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hotic M, Ackermann M, Bopp J, Hofmann N, Karygianni L, Paqué PN. Critical hydrodynamic force levels for efficient removal of oral biofilms in simulated interdental spaces. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:346. [PMID: 38819592 PMCID: PMC11142948 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sonic toothbrushes generate hydrodynamic shear forces for oral biofilm removal on tooth surfaces, but the effective thresholds for biofilm removal remain unexplored. This in vitro study aimed to investigate various threshold values for hydrodynamic biofilm removal in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS A specialized test bench was designed with a known water flow field within a gap, ensuring that hydrodynamic shear forces on the wall were solely dependent on the volume flow, which was quantifiable using an integrated flow meter and proven by a computational fluid dynamics simulation. A young 20 h supragingival six-species biofilm was developed on hydroxyapatite disks (∅ 5 mm) and applied into the test bench, subjecting them to ascending force levels ranging from 0 to 135 Pa. The remaining biofilms were quantified using colony forming units (CFU) and subjected to statistical analysis through one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Volume flow measures < 0.1 l/s: Error 1% of reading were established with the test bench. Untreated biofilms (0 Pa, no hydrodynamic shear forces) reached 7.7E7 CFU/harvest and differed significantly from all treated biofilm groups. CFU reductions of up to 2.3E6 were detected using 20 Pa, and reductions of two orders of magnitude were reached above wall shear forces of 45 Pa (6.9E5). CONCLUSIONS Critical hydrodynamic force levels of at least 20 Pa appear to be necessary to have a discernible impact on initial biofilm removal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pure hydrodynamic forces alone are insufficient for adequate biofilm removal. The addition of antiseptics is essential to penetrate and disrupt hydrodynamically loosened biofilm structures effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merima Hotic
- School of Engineering, Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Mario Ackermann
- School of Engineering, Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Bopp
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Hofmann
- School of Engineering, Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Clinic for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pune Nina Paqué
- Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, CH-8032, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Holtfreter B, Conrad E, Kocher T, Baumeister SE, Völzke H, Welk A. Interdental cleaning aids are beneficial for oral health at 7-year follow-up: Results from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND). J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:252-264. [PMID: 38116705 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM To estimate association between the use of interdental cleaning aids (IDAs) and type on 7-year follow-up levels of interdental plaque, interdental gingival inflammation, interdental periodontitis severity, the number of interdental sound surfaces and the number of missing teeth in a population-based cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used 7-year follow-up data of 2224 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND). We applied generalized linear and ordinal logistic models, adjusting for confounding and selection bias using inverse probability treatment weighting and multiple imputation. RESULTS Flossers were 32% less likely to have higher interdental plaque (iPlaque) levels than non-users of IDAs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50-0.94); flossing resulted in 5% lower means of iPlaque. Effects on interdental bleeding on probing (iBOP), mean interdental probing depths and mean interdental clinical attachment levels were direction-consistent but statistically non-significant. Interdental brushing was associated with lower follow-up levels for interdental plaque (OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57-0.93) and iBOP (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.53-0.89). IDAs were more effective in reducing iPlaque in participants with periodontitis, whereas iBOP reduction was more pronounced in participants with no or mild periodontitis. The analyses did not suggest that the use of IDAs affected caries. Finally, applying change score analyses, flossing reduced tooth loss incidence (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.71) compared with non-users of IDAs. CONCLUSIONS Recommending flossing and interdental brushing in dental practices represents an approach to the prevention of gingivitis and consequently periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birte Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elena Conrad
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Welk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Susanti I, Pisarnturakit PP, Sanchavanakit N. Knowledge and attitude toward oral health behavior of overseas students during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:812. [PMID: 37898734 PMCID: PMC10612182 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted overseas students, including their oral health. Due to movement restrictions, limited living allowances, dental treatment costs, and health insurance fees, overseas students might be more concerned about their oral health. The objective of the present study was to determine the association of knowledge and attitude toward oral healthcare behavior of overseas university students staying in Thailand between January 2020 to July 2022 and explore the experiences of their oral health problems. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey in English operated through the Google platform by convenience sampling among overseas Chulalongkorn University students. A newly developed self-administered questionnaire on knowledge and attitude toward oral health-related behavior and experiences in oral health problems was completed voluntarily. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlations were employed using IBM SPSS version 29. RESULTS Of 311 overseas students, 55.6% were male. The average age of students was 27.5 ± 4.5 years. 68.81% of students were from ASEAN countries, and 73.31% studied in non-health science programs. The study fields, health and non-health sciences, were associated with knowledge score (p < 0.001) and attitude score (p = 0.004), whereas the type of health insurance had an association with behavior score (p = 0.014) and the student's perspective about dental visits (p = 0.014). Three hundred fifty-nine cases of oral health problems were experienced by 47.3% of overseas students. These problems consisted primarily of tooth hypersensitivity (21.2%), gingivitis (15.3%), caries (14%), cracked or broken tooth (10%), severe toothache (9%), fallen out filling (8%), and wisdom tooth pain (7.8%). There was an association between oral healthcare behavior and oral health problems (p < 0.001), and a negative correlation was found between behavior score and the number of oral health problems (p < 0.001, r=-0.204). CONCLUSION The oral healthcare habits of overseas university students correlated positively with knowledge and attitude. A negative correlation was observed between behavior and the number of oral health problems. Furthermore, studying in health science programs impacted students' knowledge and attitude toward oral health, while dental treatment coverage insurance affected decisions for dental visits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isi Susanti
- Oral Biology Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Neeracha Sanchavanakit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kanmodi KK, Uwambaye P, Amzat J, Salami AA. Dental caries in Rwanda: A scoping review. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1258. [PMID: 37168280 PMCID: PMC10164754 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Dental caries is an infectious disease affecting virtually all nations, including Rwanda. In Rwanda, the burden of dental caries is an issue of public health concern. To ensure the progressive eradication of the current dental caries burden in Rwanda through an evidence-based approach, it is imperative to have an overview of the scientific research landscape of dental caries in the country. This study-a scoping review-aims to review the available evidence and gaps on dental caries in Rwanda. Methods This scoping review was reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. A systematic search of 11 databases was done to scoop out all literature relevant to the topic. Based on the review's selection criteria, a total of eight peer-reviewed journal articles were included in the review. The extracted data were collated, summarized, and presented as results. Results The analysis of the data extracted from the included articles revealed a high prevalence of dental caries (ranging from 42.42% to 71.5%) in Rwanda. Also, the major pathogens causing dental caries in Rwanda as well as the impact of dental caries on the physical health and quality of life of Rwandans were identified in this review. Furthermore, the reported operative treatment options for dental caries in Rwanda were predominantly nonconservative. Also, no intervention study has been conducted on dental caries in Rwanda. Conclusion The findings in this review identify the need for massive public health interventions on dental caries in Rwanda.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde K. Kanmodi
- School of Health and Life SciencesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUK
- Faculty of DentistryUniversity of PuthisastraPhnom PenhCambodia
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc.IbadanNigeria
| | - Peace Uwambaye
- Department of Preventive and Community DentistryUniversity of RwandaKigaliRwanda
| | - Jimoh Amzat
- Department of SociologyUsmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokotoNigeria
- Department of SociologyUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Afeez A. Salami
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc.IbadanNigeria
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity College HospitalIbadanNigeria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kanmodi KK, Amoo BA, Nwafor JN, Nnyanzi LA, Ogbeide ME, Hundeji AA, Adetunji CO. Knowledge and Practices Regarding Oral Hygiene, Cariogenic Diet Intake, and Dental Check-Ups Among Registered Nurses in Nigeria: A Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the knowledge and practices of registered nurses in Nigeria concerning oral hygiene, cariogenic diets, and dental check-ups through a pilot study.
Methods This study was an online survey of 129 registered nurses in Nigeria. Data were collected via the WhatsApp social media using an electronic questionnaire (Google form). Data analysis was done using the SPSS version 26 software (IBM Corp, New York, USA).
Results The response and completeness rates of this pilot study were 41.7% (129/311) and 96.9% 9125/129), respectively. The majority (62.2%) of the respondents were females. The majority (89.1%) had average/above average score on basic oral health knowledge; however, there was no significant relationship between their level of basic oral health knowledge and their sociodemographic characteristics (p > 0.05). The majority (66.7%) of the respondents brushed twice daily, 86.8% used a fluoridated toothpaste, and 60.5% changed their toothbrush every 3 months. Furthermore, more than half (55.8%) consumed sugary snack/drink on daily basis, while 55.0% rinsed their mouth with water immediately after taking sugary snack, and only 55.8% did floss their teeth. Among those who flossed their teeth, only 37.5% did it once daily. It is also striking that 26.4% of the respondents had never visited a dentist for a dental check-up.
Conclusion Study findings showed a high level of basic oral health knowledge and a lower level of appropriate oral self-care practices among nurses in Nigeria. However, there is a need for a nationally representative study of nurses in Nigeria to further establish these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Community Health, Aminu Musa Habib College of Health Science and Technology, Yauri, Nigeria
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Babatunde Abiodun Amoo
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Jacob Njideka Nwafor
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, King Ceasar University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mike Eghosa Ogbeide
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Adamu Hundeji
- Department of Community Health, Aminu Musa Habib College of Health Science and Technology, Yauri, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Moore GC, Smith KT, Christiansen MM, Anderson L, Moravec LJ, Okano DK, Samson KK, Ramer-Tait A, Beede K, Reinhardt RA, Killeen AC. Effect of interproximal home oral hygiene on clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers in patients receiving periodontal maintenance. J Periodontol 2023. [PMID: 36799307 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this 6-week, single-blinded, randomized clinical trial was to determine if the use of an interproximal brush, with or without a tracking device, is more effective than an oral irrigator in improving interproximal probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and inflammatory markers. METHODS Seventy-six patients with Stages III-IV, Grade B periodontitis and a 5-7 mm posterior interproximal PD with BOP were randomized: (1) interproximal brush alone (IB; n = 26), (2) interproximal brush with tracking device (TD; n = 23), (3) oral irrigator (OI; n = 27). Participants used devices once daily for 6 weeks. Clinical measurements (PD, CAL, PI, BOP, GI) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected at baseline and 6 weeks. RESULTS All groups showed a significant reduction in PD and CAL (≥1.1 mm, p < 0.0001) and improvement in BOP (≥56%, p < 0.0001) and GI (≥82%, p < 0.001) at the experimental site with no differences among groups. The IB and IB+TD groups showed a significant reduction in PI (≥0.9, p ≤ 0.01). Interleukin (IL)-1β was reduced in all groups (p = 0.006), but IB+TB more than OI (p ≤ 0.05). IL-10 was reduced among all groups (p = 0.01), while interferon-gamma significantly increased (p = 0.01) in all groups. CONCLUSIONS IB and OI improved clinical parameters of PD and CAL and reduced inflammatory markers (BOP, GI, GCF IL-1β). IB had better interproximal plaque reduction. Tracking did not significantly improve clinical parameters compared with the IB and OI groups, suggesting future modifications are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Moore
- Department of Surgical Specialties, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kevin T Smith
- Department of Surgical Specialties, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mary M Christiansen
- Department of Surgical Specialties, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Laura Anderson
- Department of Surgical Specialties, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Lisa J Moravec
- Department of Dental Hygiene, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - David K Okano
- Department of Periodontics, University of Utah School of Dentistry, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kaeli K Samson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Public Health, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Amanda Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kristin Beede
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Richard A Reinhardt
- Department of Surgical Specialties, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Amy C Killeen
- Department of Surgical Specialties, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Soares PM, Silveira GDA, Gonçalves LDS, Bacchi A, Pereira GKR. Maintenance protocols for implant-supported dental prostheses: A scoping review. J Prosthet Dent 2022:S0022-3913(22)00553-4. [PMID: 36535881 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Biological complications of implant-supported prostheses remain a concern. Therefore, standardizing hygiene protocols to promote their maintenance is important. PURPOSE The purpose of this scoping review was to identify available hygiene guidance for home care procedures, as well as periodicity and protocols for the professional maintenance of implant-supported prostheses. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the study protocol was made available at: https://osf.io/5jdeh/. The search was last performed in the PubMed database on March 15, 2022 and was undertaken by 2 independent researchers. Clinical studies and reviews that evaluated home care and maintenance protocols for dental implant-supported prostheses (fixed or removable), without language restriction or year of publication, were included. A descriptive analysis was performed considering study characteristics (study design, restorative assembly, maintenance strategies, eligibility criteria, number of included studies, quality/level of evidence, and main findings). RESULTS The initial search yielded 3138 studies, of which 18 were included for descriptive analysis (6 critical reviews, 4 clinical trials, 3 systematic reviews, 2 guideline reports, 2 retrospective studies, and 1 transversal study). The main instrument recommended for home care was the use of a conventional toothbrush associated with triclosan-containing toothpaste in addition to interproximal aids (brushes or floss) for all types of restorations. The use of irrigation instruments was also frequently considered. For professional maintenance, almost all studies reported a positive effect of regular recalls every 3 months during the first year, followed by less regular recalls according to the motivation of the patient and home care efficacy. At each recall, the professional should evaluate the patient history, oral tissues, implant, abutments, and restorations, as well as perform professional cleaning of the prostheses with appropriate instruments so that the implants and abutments may be preserved. CONCLUSIONS Establishing an adequate hygiene protocol is indispensable for implant-supported restorations. To do so, the professional must guide and support the patient's home care by taking into account the patient's motivation and efficacy during the hygiene procedures. Also, for professional maintenance, the periodicity of recalls should be constant and include an evaluation of the condition of the restoration and adjacent tissues, followed by professional cleaning of prostheses, implants, and abutments, in addition to new instructions to improve patient home care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Machado Soares
- PhD student, Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Gabriela do Amaral Silveira
- Graduate student, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Luciano de Souza Gonçalves
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry (Dental Materials Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Atais Bacchi
- Professor, MSciD Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry (FACPP), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Adjunct Professor, Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim SE, Song ES, Lee SP. Efficacy of an interdental brush in cleaning artificial plaque on a 3D-printed model base. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:420. [PMID: 36138454 PMCID: PMC9494839 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among interdental cleaning aids (ICAs), interdental brushes (IDBs) are in the spotlight because they can effectively remove plaque from interdental surfaces. Guidance on the correct use of ICAs, such as IDBs, is required to prevent dental plaque accumulation. Since it is impossible to confirm the interdental proximal surface unless extracted, it is difficult to conduct quantitative experiments. This study presented an efficient way to evaluate IDBs by realizing dental structures and embrasures using a Dental computer-aided design (CAD) software and a 3D printer. METHODS Two different sizes of embrasure (0.7 and 1.2 mm) crown models were prepared with CAD software and a 3D printer. To evaluate the cleaning efficacy of IDBs of each size (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.5 mm diameters), the 9th cycle of brush move was performed where artificial plaque was spread and a digital camera was used to record the process. The pixels and percentage of cleaning from the recorded digital images were analyzed. RESULTS The plateau was formed after the 5th brushing cycle under all conditions-after the 5th cycle, the cleaning efficacy of the two crown models was 69.3-86.4% and 49.8-75.4%. In these results, the optimal diameters for the IDB were 1.2 and 1.5 mm for embrasure sizes of 0.7 and 1.2 mm, respectively. Moreover, the cleaning efficacy was the highest at 86.4% and 75.4% after the 9th cycle. CONCLUSIONS The 3D-printed model base for the human oral embrasure structure is an adequate model to test artificial plaque removal using IDB. The use of IDBs for more than five cycles does not support the conventional idea that a greater number of IDB brushing moves is more effective in a statistically substantial manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Eun Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Song
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Pyo Lee
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gennai S, Marco N, Perić M, Marhl U, Izzetti R, Tonelli M, Petrini M, Graziani F. Interdental plaque reduction after use of different devices in patients with periodontitis and interdental recession: A randomized clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2022; 20:308-317. [PMID: 35014192 PMCID: PMC9305873 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of four different oral hygiene protocols involving adjunctive interdental devices in terms of plaque and bleeding scores in periodontitis-affected patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a randomized clinical trial with a 5-week follow-up, including previously treated periodontitis-patients not undergoing any supportive care. Patients were randomly allocated to 4 groups: manual toothbrush (group TB); toothbrush plus dental floss (group TB/F); toothbrush plus interdental brushes (group TB/IDB); toothbrush plus rubber interdental picks (group TB/RIDB). Oral hygiene instructions (OHI) were provided at baseline (T-7) and at T0 (1-week) then bi-weekly (T14/T28). At T0 (supragingival professional cleaning was delivered. Plaque and bleeding indexes were taken at all time-points by a single calibrated examiner, blind to group allocation. RESULTS At T-7 patients were comparable for age, body mass index (BMI), and all clinical parameters, exceptions for the Interdental Angulated Bleeding Index. At T28, significant reductions of plaque and gingival inflammation were noted in all groups (p<0.001) and within the expected ranges. Intergroup comparisons identified that group TB/IDB and group TB/RIDB achieved lower levels of plaque and inflammation than group TB (p<0.05). Group TB/IDB and group TB/RIDB showed lower levels of plaque and lower inflammation as measured by angulated bleeding index than group TB/RIDB (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Interdental brushes and rubber interdental picks were more efficient than toothbrushing alone and toothbrushing and floss in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation measured in a periodontitis-affected population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gennai
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nisi Marco
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Perić
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Urska Marhl
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Izzetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Tonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Morena Petrini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,University of Chieti, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science
| | - Filippo Graziani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim SJ, Lee JY, Kim SH, Cho HJ. Effect of interdental cleaning devices on proximal caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2021; 50:414-420. [PMID: 34369614 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the association between the use of interdental cleaning devices and proximal caries experience. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional data from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015). A total of 13 525 adults aged 19-64 years who participated in both the nutrition survey and the health examination survey were included. Data on sociodemographic factors (age and sex), socioeconomic factors (level of education and household income) and personal health practices (frequency of toothbrushing, visits to dental clinic, frequency of snacking and self-rated oral health status), and number of proximal caries were collected. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using the multivariable Poisson generalized linear model according to use of dental floss or an interdental brush. The risk of proximal caries for dental floss following the stratification of participants into various subgroups related to oral health was assessed. RESULTS While nonflossers had 1.46 times (PR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.16-1.84) higher risk for proximal caries than flossers, the use of an interdental brush was not associated with proximal caries. In the nonflossers, the association for proximal caries was the strongest in those in their 40s (PR 2.28, 95% CI: 1.29-4.03), followed by those in their 30s (PR 1.85, 95% CI: 1.18-2.90). Although nonflossers with middle-low household income had a 59% higher risk (PR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.24-2.03) for proximal caries than those with high household income, there were no significant differences in household income in flossers. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study suggest that flossing at home along with toothbrushing is one of the easiest ways to prevent proximal caries. Therefore, dental floss should not be excluded from oral healthcare products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Jip Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hee Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Cho
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Y, Qin D, Guo F, Levey C, Huang G, Ngan P, Hua F, He H. Outcomes used in trials regarding the prevention and treatment of orthodontically induced white spot lesions: A scoping review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 160:659-670.e7. [PMID: 34366187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective was to identify and summarize the outcomes and evaluation methods used in clinical trials regarding the prevention and treatment of orthodontically induced white spot lesions (WSLs). METHODS Three electronic databases were searched to identify studies that were (1) clinical trials on prevention and/or treatment of orthodontically induced WSLs, (2) reported in English, and (3) published between January 2010 and October 2019. At least 2 authors assessed the eligibility and extracted the characteristics, outcomes, and evaluation methods from included studies. All disagreements were resolved through discussion. RESULTS Among 1328 studies identified, 51 were eligible and included. A total of 48 different outcomes and 11 different evaluation methods were used in these studies. The most frequently used outcomes were WSLs clinical visual examination scores (n = 22, 43.1%), DIAGNOdent values (n = 14; 27.5%), fluorescence loss measured with quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) (n = 10; 19.6%), and lesion area measured with QLF (n = 10; 19.6%). The most frequently used evaluation methods were clinical examination (n = 25; 49.0%), visual inspection by photographs (n = 15; 29.4%), DIAGNOdent (n = 14; 27.5%), and QLF (n = 10; 19.6%). None of the included studies reported data on quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Substantial outcome heterogeneity exists among studies regarding the prevention and treatment of orthodontically induced WSLs. Most of the identified outcomes are aimed to assess morphologic changes of WSLs and may not reflect patient perspectives. REGISTRATION The Core Outcome Set for trials on the prevention and treatment of enamel White Spot Lesions (COS-WSL) project was registered in the COMET Initiative database (No. 1399).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danchen Qin
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiyang Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Colin Levey
- School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Peter Ngan
- Department of Orthodontics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVa
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Orthodontics and Center for Evidence-Based Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Hong He
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pitchika V, Kuhr K, Jordan RA. [Trends in dental and oral health status in Germany between 1997 and 2014]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2021; 64:782-792. [PMID: 34143252 PMCID: PMC8241795 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-021-03345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Zur Veränderung der oralen Krankheitslast in der deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung über die letzten 20 Jahre gibt es bisher keine umfassende Darstellung. Fragestellung Wie haben sich die Prävalenzen der Karies, der Parodontitis und des Zahnverlustes und deren Determinanten von 1997 bis 2014 in Deutschland verändert? Material und Methoden Ausgewertet wurden Daten von 35- bis 44- und 65- bis 74-Jährigen der Deutschen Mundgesundheitsstudien (DMS) III, IV und V sowie von 25- bis 74-Jährigen der Studies of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‑0 und SHIP-Trend-0). Der Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth Index (DMFT), die Anzahl füllungsfreier Zähne, der Community Periodontal Index (CPI) als auch Daten zur Zahnzahl und Zahnlosigkeit wurden herangezogen. Ergebnisse In beiden Studien waren bzgl. der Determinanten eine Zunahme der Probanden mit hoher Schulbildung, eine geringfügige Abnahme der Raucher sowie eine Verbesserung der Mundhygiene zu beobachten. Bei den 35- bis 44-Jährigen stieg die Anzahl gesunder Zähne von 11,9 in DMS III auf 16,8 in DMS V, während bei den Senioren die Anzahl gesunder Zähne um 5,9 anstieg. In SHIP wurde ein ähnlicher Trend beobachtet. Die Prävalenz des höchsten CPI-Grades 4 fiel in den DMS bei den 35- bis 44-Jährigen von 9,3 % auf 3,5 %; bei den Senioren lag der Wert 2014 wieder auf dem Niveau von 1997 (10,5 % und 9,8 %). Parallel dazu hat sich der Anteil der zahnlosen Senioren in beiden Studien halbiert. Die Zahnzahl nahm über alle Altersklassen hinweg zu. Diskussion DMS und SHIP zeigten über die Jahre konsistent eine Zunahme gesunder, füllungsfreier Zähne, eine geringfügige Reduktion der Probanden mit CPI-Grad 4 sowie mehr Zahnerhalt und weniger Zahnlosigkeit. Bedingt durch den höheren Zahnerhalt und die Alterung der Gesellschaft ist in Zukunft mit einer erhöhten parodontalen Behandlungslast zu rechnen. Zusatzmaterial online Zusätzliche Informationen sind in der Online-Version dieses Artikels (10.1007/s00103-021-03345-6) enthalten.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kocher
- Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltung, Parodontologie, Endodontologie, Kinderzahnheilkunde und Präventive Zahnheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Fleischmannstraße 42, 17475, Greifswald, Deutschland.
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltung, Parodontologie, Endodontologie, Kinderzahnheilkunde und Präventive Zahnheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Fleischmannstraße 42, 17475, Greifswald, Deutschland
| | - Vinay Pitchika
- Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltung, Parodontologie, Endodontologie, Kinderzahnheilkunde und Präventive Zahnheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Fleischmannstraße 42, 17475, Greifswald, Deutschland
| | - Kathrin Kuhr
- Institut der Deutschen Zahnärzte (IDZ), Köln, Deutschland
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Langa GPJ, Muniz FWMG, Wagner TP, Silva CFE, Rösing CK. ANTI-PLAQUE AND ANTI-GINGIVITIS EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT BRISTLE STIFFNESS AND END-SHAPE TOOTHBRUSHES ON INTERPROXIMAL SURFACES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2021; 21:101548. [PMID: 34391550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of interproximal plaque scores and gingival inflammation reduction of different toothbrush bristle stiffness and end-shape. METHODS Randomized clinical trials evaluating the effect of different toothbrushes on interproximal plaque/gingivitis reduction, with a minimum follow-up of 1 week. MEDLINE-PubMed, Scopus and Embase were searched. Soft tapered-tip bristle toothbrushes were compared to soft end-rounded, medium (any end-shape), or hard (any end-shape) bristle toothbrushes. Two meta-analyses were performed for plaque and gingivitis reduction. For plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI), a standard mean difference (SMD) and mean difference between baseline and 4 weeks were calculated, respectively. In all analyses, random effect models were used. RESULTS Nine studies were included. All included studies demonstrated statistically significant improvement, in at least one parameter, in favor of the tapered-tip bristle toothbrush compared to the end-rounded bristle toothbrush. When analyzing toothbrush stiffness, medium and hard toothbrushes presented significantly higher improvement when compared to soft toothbrushes in all parameters. In the meta-analyses, groups that used soft tapered-tip bristle toothbrushes demonstrated significant greater reductions in PI (SMD -2.64; 95% CI: -4.26 - -1.01) and in GI (MD -0.14; 95% CI: -0.18 - -0.10) when compared to soft end-rounded bristle toothbrushes. CONCLUSION It is concluded that, when considering interproximal surfaces, better results may be expected for tapered-tip bristle toothbrushes when compared to end-rounded bristles toothbrushes. Additionally, better results may be expected in medium or hard toothbrushes, regardless of the bristle end-shape, in non-interproximal cleaners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Pedro José Langa
- PhD student at Department of Periodontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Tassiane Panta Wagner
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fernandes E Silva
- PhD student at Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pitchika V, Jordan R, Micheelis W, Welk A, Kocher T, Holtfreter B. Impact of Powered Toothbrush Use and Interdental Cleaning on Oral Health. J Dent Res 2020; 100:487-495. [PMID: 33213272 PMCID: PMC8058831 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520973952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term effectiveness of powered toothbrushes (PTBs) and interdental cleaning aids (IDAs) on a population level is unproven. We evaluated to what extent changes in PTB and IDA use may explain changes in periodontitis, caries, and tooth loss over the course of 17 y using data for adults (35 to 44 y) and seniors (65 to 74 y) from 3 independent cross-sectional surveys of the German Oral Health Studies (DMS). Oaxaca decomposition analyses assessed to what extent changes in mean probing depth (PD), number of caries-free surfaces, and number of teeth between 1) DMS III and DMS V and 2) DMS IV and DMS V could be explained by changes in PTB and IDA use. Between DMS III and V, PTB (adults: 33.5%; seniors: 28.5%) and IDA use (adults: 32.5%; seniors: 41.4%) increased along with an increase in mean PD, number of caries-free surfaces, and number of teeth. Among adults, IDA use contributed toward increased number of teeth between DMS III and V as well as DMS IV and V. In general, the estimates for adults were of lower magnitude. Among seniors between DMS III and V, PTB and IDA use explained a significant amount of explained change in the number of caries-free surfaces (1.72 and 5.80 out of 8.44, respectively) and the number of teeth (0.49 and 1.25 out of 2.19, respectively). Between DMS IV and V, PTB and IDA use contributed most of the explained change in caries-free surfaces (0.85 and 1.61 out of 2.72, respectively) and the number of teeth (0.25 and 0.46 out of 0.94, respectively) among seniors. In contrast to reported results from short-term clinical studies, in the long run, both PTB and IDA use contributed to increased number of caries-free healthy surfaces and teeth in both adults and seniors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Pitchika
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R Jordan
- Institute of German Dentists (IDZ), Cologne, Germany
| | - W Micheelis
- Institute of German Dentists (IDZ), Cologne, Germany
| | - A Welk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The effect of cetylpyridinium chloride mouthrinse as adjunct to toothbrushing compared to placebo on interproximal plaque and gingival inflammation-a systematic review with meta-analyses. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:745-757. [PMID: 33185736 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to systematically review the literature about the interproximal anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficacy of cetylpyrydinium chloride (CPC) mouthrinse compared to placebo solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three databases (PUBMED, SCOPUS, and EMBASE) were searched for randomized clinical trials that compared the interproximal anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis effect of CPC and placebo mouthrinses as an adjunct to toothbrushing, after a minimum of 6 weeks. Individuals with any periodontal diagnosis were considered. Two meta-analyses were performed for the Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index and the Löe and Silness gingival index. For both analyses, the mean differences (MD) between baseline and 6-weeks were calculated using a random-effect model. RESULTS Eight studies were included. All included studies showed significant improvement in at least one of the parameters, favoring the CPC mouthrinse when compared to placebo. The meta-analysis demonstrated that groups that used CPC displayed a significantly greater reduction in the plaque index score (MD; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: - 0.70; - 0.83 to - 0.57) and in the gingival index (MD; 95%CI: - 0.38; - 0.47 to - 0.28) when compared to placebo. However, high heterogeneity was observed in both analyses (I2 = 89% and I2 = 98%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS When considering interproximal surfaces, CPC is efficacious both in plaque and gingival inflammatory parameters, demonstrating the potential to compensate for the limitations of interproximal plaque control. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CPC may be a good alternative to compensate interproximal plaque removal, improving interproximal gingivitis.
Collapse
|
18
|
Dikilitas¸ A, Karaaslan F, Yig˘it U. The Association Between Oral Hygiene Behavior and Gingival Health Status with the Stage and Grade of Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2320206820939810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To analyze the association between teeth brushing (TB) and interdental cleansing (IDC) frequency changes with gingival health status and the stage and grade of periodontitis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of clinical examination and questionnaires. The questionnaires include demographic information and oral hygiene (TB and IDC) behavior. More than 18-year-old participants who underwent a periodontal treatment were randomly included. 548 individuals were classified as gingival healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis according to the 2017 classification system. The degree of periodontitis was based on stage and grade systems. The data were analyzed by using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: The highest TB frequency (twice daily) was the highest in patients with gingivitis (83.7%) followed by healthy patients (82.9%) and patients with stage I periodontitis (52.2%). Compared to those who performed IDC daily, 18.9% of patients were healthy and 8.1% had stage II periodontitis. There was a statistically significant association between the oral hygiene behavior and periodontal health status of participants. Statistically significant association was seen between the TB and IDC with stage-grade of periodontitis. When the TB and IDC scores of different grade groups were compared at the same stage level, no statistically significant difference was found. Conclusion: This study showed that periodontal health status was positively correlated with TB and IDC frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahu Dikilitas¸
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Fatih Karaaslan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Umut Yig˘it
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chaffee BW, Persai D, Vora MV. Interdental Cleaning and Oral Health Status in an Adult Cohort, 2015 to 2018. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1150-1156. [PMID: 32464077 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520926139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interdental cleaning is routinely recommended, despite limited evidence supporting efficacy to prevent advanced oral disease endpoints, such as caries and periodontal disease. We aimed to examine associations between interdental cleaning and oral health in a large, generalizable prospective cohort of adults in the United States. Data were drawn from wave 3 (2015 to 2016, n = 26,086 included in analysis) and wave 4 (2016 to 2018, n = 22,585) of the adult component (age ≥18 y) of the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Survey-weighted multivariable regression models estimated the associations between wave 3 weekly interdental cleaning frequency and 6 measures of self-reported oral health-overall rating, tooth extractions, gum bleeding, loose teeth, bone loss around teeth, and gum disease-cross-sectionally and prospectively, with adjustment for established periodontal disease risk factors. As compared with no interdental cleaning, interdental cleaning ≥7 times/wk was prospectively associated with greater odds of excellent self-rated oral health (adjusted odds ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.62), lower odds of bleeding gums (adjusted odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.70), but not statistically significantly lower odds of other oral health conditions in the following 12 mo. Older age, lower socioeconomic status, diabetes, and cigarette smoking were consistently associated with worse oral health across all outcome measures. Findings were largely robust to alternative model and variable specifications. Interdental cleaning is associated with better perceived oral health and less self-reported gingivitis. Prevention of more advanced disease states was not demonstrated. These findings should be interpreted cautiously given the self-reported nature of the measures and relatively short follow-up period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B W Chaffee
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Persai
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M V Vora
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|