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Kountourantzis A, Minoudi S, Karaiskou N, Papakostas S, Moulistanos A, Baka RD, Tsartsianidou V, Vlachavas A, Aivaliotis M, Polizopoulou ZS, Triantafyllidis A. Prevalence of SOD1 allele associated with degenerative myelopathy in canine population in Greece. Res Vet Sci 2023; 162:104959. [PMID: 37480717 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Canine degenerative myelopathy (CDM) is a late-onset fatal disorder associated with a point mutation of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene (c.118G > A). The purpose of this study was to determine the genotype and allele frequencies of this mutation in 108 dogs, mainly in Belgian Malinois and German Shepherd dogs with (CDM-affected group) and without CDM clinical symptoms (control group) in Greece. Genotyping of the c.118G > A mutation was possible by Sanger sequencing and PCR-RFLP. The observed genotype frequencies for the control group were 89.4% for the homozygous (G/G), 9.6% for the heterozygous (A/G), and 0.96% for the homozygous mutant (A/A) allele. The mutant allele was not common in the Belgian Malinois dogs (allele frequency = 0.029), but quite common in the German Shepherd dogs (allele frequency = 0.138). In the CDM affected group, all 4 dogs were homozygous for the mutant allele. These frequencies were close to those expected, indicating no significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A strong but not statistically significant association between the mutant allele and CDM was observed. A previously identified deletion upstream of the mutation of interest was found at a high frequency (0.361) in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Kountourantzis
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Styliani Minoudi
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; Genomics and Epigenomics Translational Research (GENeTres), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Karaiskou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; Genomics and Epigenomics Translational Research (GENeTres), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Spiros Papakostas
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; Genomics and Epigenomics Translational Research (GENeTres), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Moulistanos
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; Genomics and Epigenomics Translational Research (GENeTres), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Rania D Baka
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Valentina Tsartsianidou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; Genomics and Epigenomics Translational Research (GENeTres), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Antonios Vlachavas
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Michalis Aivaliotis
- Genomics and Epigenomics Translational Research (GENeTres), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece; Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; Functional Proteomics and Systems Biology (FunPATh), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, 700 13, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Basic and Translational Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Education Special Uniτ, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zoe S Polizopoulou
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Alexandros Triantafyllidis
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; Genomics and Epigenomics Translational Research (GENeTres), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece.
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2
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Pancotto TE. Rehabilitation Therapy for the Degenerative Myelopathy Patient. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:845-856. [PMID: 37179117 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Degenerative myelopathy is an inherited, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder affecting the spinal cord of dogs. There is no treatment of the disease. Physical rehabilitation is the only intervention that slows progression and prolongs quality of life. Further studies are needed to develop advanced treatment options and to better characterize the use of complementary therapeutic modalities in palliative care for these patients.
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Mandrioli L, Gandini G, Gentilini F, Chiocchetti R, Turba ME, Avallone G, Pellegrino V, Menchetti M, Kobatake Y, Kamishina H, Cantile C. Degenerative Myelopathy in Hovawart Dogs: Molecular Characterization, Pathological Features and Accumulation of Mutant Superoxide Dismutase 1 Protein. J Comp Pathol 2020; 182:37-42. [PMID: 33494906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is an adult-onset, progressive neurological disease affecting several breeds of dog. Homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for the canine superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene mutations, possibly modulated by the modifier SP110 locus, are associated with a high risk for DM. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms are largely unknown, a role for mutant SOD1 in causing neuronal degeneration has been postulated. Three Hovawart dogs, 9-12 years of age, developed slowly progressive incoordination and weakness of the pelvic limbs leading to non-ambulatory flaccid paraparesis and muscle atrophy. Neuropathological lesions comprised axonal degeneration and loss of ascending and descending spinal pathways, which were most severe in the mid- to caudal thoracic segments. Accumulation of mutant SOD1 protein in neurons and reactive astrocytes was demonstrated by immunolabelling with the 16G9 antibody against the mutant SOD1 protein (p.E40K amino acid substitution). All three dogs were homozygous for the c.118A allele, but none had the SP110 'risk' haplotype, suggesting a weak association of SP110 with the onset of DM in this breed. Our data suggest that the Hovawart breed is predisposed to the SOD1:c.118G>A mutation, which is associated with the development of DM. Prevention of DM could be achieved with the help of strategies based on epidemiological and genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mandrioli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gualtiero Gandini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Gentilini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiocchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Pellegrino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marika Menchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yui Kobatake
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kamishina
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University and Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nanosciences and Life Sciences, Gifu, Japan
| | - Carlo Cantile
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Santos CRO, Gouveia JJDS, Gouveia GV, Bezerra FCM, Nogueira JF, Baraúna Júnior D. Molecular screening for the mutation associated with canine degenerative myelopathy (SOD1:c.118G > A) in German Shepherd dogs in Brazil. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242347. [PMID: 33196688 PMCID: PMC7668602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine Degenerative Myelopathy is a late onset recessive autosomal disease characterized by a progressive ascending degeneration of the spinal cord. Two causal mutations are associated with this disease: a transition (c.118G>A) in exon 2 of the SOD1 that was described in several breeds and a transversion (c.52A>T) in exon 1 of the same gene described in Bernese Mountain dogs. The aim of this study was to understand the impact of the SOD1:c.118G > A mutation by genotyping a population of German Shepherd dogs in Brazil. A PCR-RFLP approach was used to genotype 97 healthy individuals belonging from the Northeast (Bahia and Pernambuco states) and South (Santa Catarina state) regions of Brazil. A total of 95 individuals were successfully genotyped resulting in an observed genotype frequency (with 95% confidence interval) of: 0.758 (0.672–0.844), 0.242 (0.156–0.328) and 0.000 (0.000–0.000) for “GG”, “AG” and “AA” genotypes, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to describe the presence of the “A” allele associated with CDM (SOD1:c.118G > A) in German Shepherd dogs in Brazil and, as such, these results contribute toward important epidemiological data in this country and to the knowledge of the distribution of the aforementioned mutation worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia Regina Oliveira Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences in the Semiarid, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
- University Veterinary Clinic, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Gisele Veneroni Gouveia
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flávia Caroline Moreira Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences in the Semiarid, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Joel Fonseca Nogueira
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences in the Semiarid, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Durval Baraúna Júnior
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Lyons LA, Buckley RM. Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing for Domestic Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2020; 50:991-1000. [PMID: 32665138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The era of precision/genomic medicine has arrived, including its application within veterinary medicine for the health care of companion animals. The plummeting costs of assaying large groups of genetic tests into one panel has led many laboratories offering direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing for animals, including cats. However, proper education of the consumer and the veterinarian is lacking, causing a significant lack of genetic counseling pertaining to the results of the genetic tests. This article addresses the current state of DTC testing in domestic cats and the implications for veterinary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri - Columbia, E109 Vet Med Building, 825 East Campus Loop, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Reuben M Buckley
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri - Columbia, E109 Vet Med Building, 825 East Campus Loop, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Santos C, Amude A, Araújo F, Bezerra F, Nogueira J, Gouveia J, Baraúna Júnior D. Achados clínicos, histopatológicos e moleculares da mielopatia degenerativa canina: relato de caso. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivou-se descrever os achados clínicos, histopatológicos e moleculares associados à MDC em um cão da raça Pastor-Suiço. O cão possuía uma paraparesia progressiva em membros pélvicos e foi submetido a avaliações clínicas, pelas quais se obteve, entre outros diferenciais, o diagnóstico presuntivo de MDC. Com a evolução dos sinais, o tutor optou pela eutanásia. Os achados histopatológicos da medula espinhal foram compatíveis com uma degeneração segmentar axonal e mielínica. O diagnóstico molecular foi realizado por meio da extração do DNA obtido por swab oral. Uma PCR foi otimizada utilizando-se primers descritos em literatura para amplificar a região do gene SOD1. A amostra foi, então, submetida a sequenciamento unidirecional, que revelou que o animal em questão era homozigoto para o alelo A para a mutação c.118G>A no éxon 2 do gene SOD1. O diagnóstico clínico presuntivo da MDC no presente caso foi esclarecido por meio dos achados histopatológicos, associados aos achados clínicos, e da sua caracterização molecular. Ressalta-se a contribuição deste relato, que traz aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos e moleculares associados à MDC na raça Pastor-Suíço, para a qual, até o presente momento, na literatura consultada, não há relato dessa enfermidade.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.R.O. Santos
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - J.F. Nogueira
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Brazil
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Raj K, Ellinwood NM, Giger U. An exonic insertion in the NAGLU gene causing Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB in Schipperke dogs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3170. [PMID: 32081995 PMCID: PMC7035321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIB (Sanfilippo syndrome B; OMIM 252920), is a lysosomal storage disease with progressive neurological signs caused by deficient activity of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU, EC 3.2.1.50). Herein we report the causative variant in the NAGLU gene in Schipperke dogs and a genotyping survey in the breed. All six exons and adjacent regions of the NAGLU gene were sequenced from six healthy appearing and three affected Schipperkes. DNA fragment length and TaqMan assays were used to genotype privately owned Schipperkes. A single variant was found in exon 6 of MPS IIIB affected Schipperkes: an insertion consisting of a 40-70 bp poly-A and an 11 bp duplication of the exonic region preceding the poly-A (XM_548088.6:c.2110_2111ins[A(40_70);2100_2110]) is predicted to insert a stretch of 13 or more lysines followed by either an in-frame insertion of a repeat of the four amino acids preceding the lysines, or a frameshift. The clinically affected Schipperkes were homozygous for this insertion, and the sequenced healthy dogs were either heterozygous or homozygous for the wild-type allele. From 2003-2019, 3219 Schipperkes were genotyped. Of these, 1.5% were homozygous for this insertion and found to be clinically affected, and 23.6% were heterozygous for the insertion and were clinically healthy, the remaining 74.9% were homozygous for the wild-type and were also clinically healthy. The number of dogs homozygous and heterozygous for the insertion declined rapidly after the initial years of genotyping, documenting the benefit of a DNA screening program in a breed with a small gene pool. In conclusion, a causative NAGLU variant in Schipperke dogs with MPS IIIB was identified and was found at high frequency in the breed. Through genotyping and informed breeding practices, the prevalence of canine MPS IIIB has been drastically reduced in the Schipperke population worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Raj
- Section of Medical Genetics (PennGen), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6010, USA
| | - N Matthew Ellinwood
- Section of Medical Genetics (PennGen), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6010, USA.,College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Urs Giger
- Section of Medical Genetics (PennGen), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6010, USA.
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Gagliardo T, Gandini G, Gallucci A, Menchetti M, Bianchi E, Turba ME, Cauduro A, Corlazzoli DS, Gianni S, Baroni M, Bernardini M, Gentilini F. ABCB1 c.-6-180T>G polymorphism and clinical risk factors in a multi-breed cohort of dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy. Vet J 2019; 253:105378. [PMID: 31685133 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disorder in dogs. Approximately 20-30% of dogs do not achieve satisfactory seizure control with two or more anti-epileptic drugs at appropriate dosages. This condition, defined as refractory epilepsy, is a multifactorial condition involving both acquired and genetic factors. The P glycoprotein might play and important role in the pathophysiological mechanism and it is encoded by the ABCB1 gene. An association between a single nucleotide variation of the ABCB1 gene (c.-6-180T>G) and phenobarbital resistance has previously been reported in a Border collie population with idiopathic epilepsy. To date, the presence and relevance of this polymorphism has not been assessed in other breeds. A multicentre retrospective, case-control study was conducted to investigate associations between ABCB1 c.-6-180T>G, clinical variables, and refractoriness in a multi-breed population of dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy. A secondary aim was to evaluate the possible involvement of the ABCB1 c.-6-180T>G single nucleotide variation this population. Fifty-two refractory and 50 responsive dogs with idiopathic epilepsy were enrolled. Of these, 45 refractory and 50 responsive (control) dogs were genotyped. The G allele was found in several breeds, but there was no evidence of association with refractoriness (P=0.69). The uncertain role of the c.-6-180T>G variation was further suggested by an association between the T/T genotype with both refractoriness and responsiveness in different breeds. Furthermore, high seizure density (cluster seizure) was the main clinical risk factor for refractory idiopathic epilepsy (P=0.003).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gagliardo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 50 via Tolara di sopra, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO 40064, Italy.
| | - G Gandini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 50 via Tolara di sopra, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO 40064, Italy
| | - A Gallucci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 50 via Tolara di sopra, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO 40064, Italy
| | - M Menchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 50 via Tolara di sopra, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO 40064, Italy
| | - E Bianchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Parma, 80 via Tiglio, Parma, PR 43100, Italy
| | - M E Turba
- Genefast, Bologna, 17/d via Castelfranco, Valsamoggia, BO 40053, Italy
| | - A Cauduro
- Neurovet Professional Association, 29 via Maestri del lavoro, Legnano, MI 20025, Italy
| | - D S Corlazzoli
- Roma Sud Veterinary Clinic, 24 via Pilade Mazza, Rome, RM 00173, Italy
| | - S Gianni
- Gran Sasso Veterinary Clinic, 26 via Donatello, Milan, MI 20131, Italy
| | - M Baroni
- Valdinievole Veterinary Hospital, 123 via Nigra Costantino, Monsummano Terme, PT 51015, Italy
| | - M Bernardini
- Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, 57/a via Roma, Zola Predosa, BO 40069, Italy
| | - F Gentilini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 50 via Tolara di sopra, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO 40064, Italy
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9
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Standards and guidelines for canine clinical genetic testing laboratories. Hum Genet 2018; 138:493-499. [PMID: 30426199 PMCID: PMC6536461 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This publication represents a proposed approach to quality standards and guidelines for canine clinical genetic testing laboratories. Currently, there are no guidelines for laboratories performing clinical testing on dogs. Thus, there is no consensus set of protocols that set the minimal standards of quality among these laboratories, potentially causing variable results between laboratories, inconsistencies in reporting, and the inability to share information that could impact testing among organizations. A minimal standard for quality in testing is needed as breeders use the information from genetic testing to make breeding choices and irreversible decisions regarding spay, neuter or euthanasia. Incorrect results can have significant impact on the health of the dogs being tested and on their subsequent progeny. Because of the potentially serious consequences of an incorrect result or incorrect interpretation, results should be reviewed by and reported by individuals who meet a minimum standard of qualifications. Quality guidelines for canine genetic testing laboratories should include not only the analytical phase, but also the preanalytical and postanalytical phases, as this document attempts to address.
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