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Goossens E, Deblock L, Caboor L, Eynden DVD, Josipovic I, Isaacura PR, Maksimova E, Van Impe M, Bonnin A, Segers P, Cornillie P, Boone MN, Van Driessche I, De Spiegelaere W, De Roo J, Sips P, De Buysser K. From Corrosion Casting to Virtual Dissection: Contrast-Enhanced Vascular Imaging using Hafnium Oxide Nanocrystals. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301499. [PMID: 38200600 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Vascular corrosion casting is a method used to visualize the three dimensional (3D) anatomy and branching pattern of blood vessels. A polymer resin is injected in the vascular system and, after curing, the surrounding tissue is removed. The latter often deforms or even fractures the fragile cast. Here, a method is proposed that does not require corrosion, and is based on in situ micro computed tomography (micro-CT) scans. To overcome the lack of CT contrast between the polymer cast and the animals' surrounding soft tissue, hafnium oxide nanocrystals (HfO2 NCs) are introduced as CT contrast agents into the resin. The NCs dramatically improve the overall CT contrast of the cast and allow for straightforward segmentation in the CT scans. Careful design of the NC surface chemistry ensures the colloidal stability of the NCs in the casting resin. Using only 5 m% of HfO2 NCs, high-quality cardiovascular casts of both zebrafish and mice can be automatically segmented using CT imaging software. This allows to differentiate even μ $\umu$ m-scale details without having to alter the current resin injection methods. This new method of virtual dissection by visualizing casts in situ using contrast-enhanced CT imaging greatly expands the application potential of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Goossens
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Loren Deblock
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Lisa Caboor
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Dietger Van den Eynden
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Iván Josipovic
- Center for X-ray Tomography, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Pablo Reyes Isaacura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Morphology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
- Centre for Polymer Material Technologies, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Elizaveta Maksimova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Van Impe
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Anne Bonnin
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Segers
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Pieter Cornillie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Morphology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Center for X-ray Tomography, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | | | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- Laboratory of Veterinary Morphology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Jonathan De Roo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Sips
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Pong T, Cyr KJ, Carlton C, Aparicio‐Valenzuela J, Wang H, Babakhanian M, Maiuolo A, Lucian H, Wang PJ, Woo YJ, Lee AM. Electrophysiological mapping of the epicardium via 3D-printed flexible arrays. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10575. [PMID: 38023702 PMCID: PMC10658567 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac electrophysiology mapping and ablation are widely used to treat heart rhythm disorders such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT). Here, we describe an approach for rapid production of three dimensional (3D)-printed mapping devices derived from magnetic resonance imaging. The mapping devices are equipped with flexible electronic arrays that are shaped to match the epicardial contours of the atria and ventricle and allow for epicardial electrical mapping procedures. We validate that these flexible arrays provide high-resolution mapping of epicardial signals in vivo using porcine models of AF and myocardial infarction. Specifically, global coverage of the epicardial surface allows for mapping and ablation of myocardial substrate and the capture of premature ventricular complexes with precise spatial-temporal resolution. We further show, as proof-of-concept, the localization of sites of VT by means of beat-to-beat whole-chamber ventricular mapping of ex vivo Langendorff-perfused human hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence Pong
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgerySchool of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kevin J. Cyr
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgerySchool of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cody Carlton
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgerySchool of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joy Aparicio‐Valenzuela
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgerySchool of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgerySchool of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Meghedi Babakhanian
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineSchool of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alessandro Maiuolo
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgerySchool of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Haley Lucian
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgerySchool of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paul J. Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineSchool of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Y. Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgerySchool of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Anson M. Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgerySchool of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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Pong T, Aparicio-Valenzuela J, Obafemi O, Cyr K, Carlton C, Taylor C, Lee A. High-resolution spatiotemporal changes in dominant frequency and structural organization during persistent atrial fibrillation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0271846. [PMID: 36787287 PMCID: PMC9928018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analyze changes in frequency activity and structural organization that occur over time with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). BACKGROUND Little is known about the frequency characteristics of the epicardium during transition from paroxysmal to persistent AF. Accurate identification of areas of high dominant frequency (DF) is often hampered by limited spatial resolution. Improvements in electrode arrays provide high spatiotemporal resolution, allowing for characterization of the changes that occur during this transition. METHODS AF was induced in adult Yorkshire swine by atrial tachypacing. DF mapping was performed using personalized mapping arrays. Histological analysis and late gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were performed to determine structural differences in fibrosis. RESULTS The left atrial epicardium was associated with a significant increase in DF in persistent AF (6.5 ± 0.2 vs. 7.4 ± 0.5 Hz, P = 0.03). The organization index (OI) significantly decreased during persistent AF in both the left atria (0.3 ± 0.03 vs. 0.2 ± 0.03, P = 0.01) and right atria (0.33 ± 0.04 vs. 0.23 ± 0.02, P = 0.02). MRI analysis demonstrated increased ECV values in persistent AF (0.19 vs 0.34, paroxysmal vs persistent, P = 0.05). Tissue sections from the atria showed increase in fibrosis in pigs with persistent AF compared to paroxysmal AF. Staining demonstrated decreased myocardial fiber alignment and loss of anisotropy in persistent AF tissue. CONCLUSIONS Changes in tissue organization and fibrosis are observed in the porcine model of persistent AF. Alterations in frequency activity and organization index can be captured with high resolution using flexible electrode arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence Pong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Joy Aparicio-Valenzuela
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Oluwatomisin Obafemi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Kevin Cyr
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Cody Carlton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Calvin Taylor
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Anson Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Reichart B, Cooper DKC, Längin M, Tönjes RR, Pierson RN, Wolf E. Cardiac xenotransplantation: from concept to clinic. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3499-3516. [PMID: 36461918 PMCID: PMC9897693 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
For many patients with terminal/advanced cardiac failure, heart transplantation is the most effective, durable treatment option, and offers the best prospects for a high quality of life. The number of potentially life-saving donated human organs is far fewer than the population who could benefit from a new heart, resulting in increasing numbers of patients awaiting replacement of their failing heart, high waitlist mortality, and frequent reliance on interim mechanical support for many of those deemed among the best candidates but who are deteriorating as they wait. Currently, mechanical assist devices supporting left ventricular or biventricular heart function are the only alternative to heart transplant that is in clinical use. Unfortunately, the complication rate with mechanical assistance remains high despite advances in device design and patient selection and management, and the quality of life of the patients even with good outcomes is only moderately improved. Cardiac xenotransplantation from genetically multi-modified (GM) organ-source pigs is an emerging new option as demonstrated by the consistent long-term success of heterotopic (non-life-supporting) abdominal and life-supporting orthotopic porcine heart transplantation in baboons, and by a recent 'compassionate use' transplant of the heart from a GM pig with 10 modifications into a terminally ill patient who survived for 2 months. In this review, we discuss pig heart xenotransplantation as a concept, including pathobiological aspects related to immune rejection, coagulation dysregulation, and detrimental overgrowth of the heart, as well as GM strategies in pigs to prevent or minimize these problems. Additional topics discussed include relevant results of heterotopic and orthotopic heart transplantation experiments in the pig-to-baboon model, microbiological and virologic safety concepts, and efficacy requirements for initiating formal clinical trials. An adequate regulatory and ethical framework as well as stringent criteria for the selection of patients will be critical for the safe clinical development of cardiac xenotransplantation, which we expect will be clinically tested during the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Reichart
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - David K C Cooper
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Matthias Längin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Ralf R Tönjes
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen 63225, Germany
| | - Richard N Pierson
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Gene Centre and Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
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Hertel JN, Jerltorp K, Hansen MEH, Isaksen JL, Sattler SM, Linz B, Chaldoupi SM, Jespersen T, Saljic A, Gang U, Manninger M, Linz D. 3D-electroanatomical mapping of the left atrium and catheter-based pulmonary vein isolation in pigs: A practical guide. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1139364. [PMID: 36970354 PMCID: PMC10033609 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1139364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To propose a standardized workflow for 3D-electroanatomical mapping guided pulmonary vein isolation in pigs. Materials and methods Danish female landrace pigs were anaesthetized. Ultrasound-guided puncture of both femoral veins was performed and arterial access for blood pressure measurement established. Fluoroscopy- and intracardiac ultrasound-guided passage of the patent foramen ovale or transseptal puncture was performed. Then, 3D-electroanatomical mapping of the left atrium was conducted using a high-density mapping catheter. After mapping all pulmonary veins, an irrigated radiofrequency ablation catheter was used to perform ostial ablation to achieve electrical pulmonary vein isolation. Entrance- and exit-block were confirmed and re-assessed after a 20-min waiting period. Lastly, animals were sacrificed to perform left atrial anatomical gross examination. Results We present data from 11 consecutive pigs undergoing pulmonary vein isolation. Passage of the fossa ovalis or transseptal puncture was uneventful and successful in all animals. Within the inferior pulmonary trunk 2-4 individual veins as well as 1-2 additional left and right pulmonary veins could be cannulated. Electrical isolation by point-by-point ablation of all targeted veins was successful. However, pitfalls including phrenic nerve capture during ablation, ventricular arrhythmias during antral isolation close to the mitral valve annulus and difficulties in accessing right pulmonary veins were encountered. Conclusion Fluoroscopy- and intracardiac ultrasound-guided transseptal puncture, high-density electroanatomical mapping of all pulmonary veins and complete electrical pulmonary vein isolation can be achieved reproducibly and safely in pigs when using current technologies and a step-by-step approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Norup Hertel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kezia Jerltorp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malthe Emil Høtbjerg Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas L. Isaksen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Michael Sattler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Benedikt Linz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Emergency Department, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sevasti-Maria Chaldoupi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnela Saljic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- West German Heart and Vascular Center, Institute of Pharmacology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Uffe Gang
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Martin Manninger
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Linz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Dominik Linz,
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Reyes P, D'hooge DR, Cardon L, Cornillie P. From identifying polymeric resins to corrosion casting applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Reyes
- Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies (CPMT), Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering Centre for Textiles Science and Engineering (CTSE), Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Ludwig Cardon
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies (CPMT), Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Pieter Cornillie
- Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
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Cornillie P, Casteleyn C, von Horst C, Henry R. Corrosion casting in anatomy: Visualizing the architecture of hollow structures and surface details. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 48:591-604. [PMID: 31120632 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Corrosion casting is the technique by which a solid, negative replica is created from a hollow anatomical structure and liberated from its surrounding tissues. For centuries, different types of hardening substances have been developed to create such casts, but nowadays, thermosetting polymers are mostly used as casting medium. Although the principle and initial set-up are relatively easy, producing high-quality casts that serve their intended purpose can be quite challenging. This paper evaluates some of the more popular casting resins that are currently available and provides a step-by-step overview of the corrosion casting procedure, including surface casts of anatomical structures. Hurdles and pitfalls are discussed, along with possible solutions to circumvent them, based on personal experience by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Cornillie
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christophe Casteleyn
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Robert Henry
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee
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8
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Hołda MK, Hołda J, Koziej M, Piątek K, Klimek-Piotrowska W. Porcine heart interatrial septum anatomy. Ann Anat 2018; 217:24-28. [PMID: 29458135 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The left-sided atrial septal pouch (SP), a recently re-discovered anatomical structure within the human interatrial septum, has emerged as a possible source of thrombi formation and a trigger for atrial fibrillation, thereby potentially increasing the risk for ischemic stroke. In many studies, the swine interatrial septum has been used as model of the human heart. Also, possible new strategies and devices for management of the SPs may first be tested in this pig model. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate swine interatrial septum morphology and to compare it with the human analog, especially in the light of SP occurrence. METHODS A total of 75 swine (Sus scrofa f. domestica) hearts were examined. The interatrial septum morphology was assessed, and SPs were measured. RESULTS The most common variant of the interatrial septum was smooth septum (26.6%) followed by the patent foramen ovale channel and right SP (both 22.7%). No left or double SPs were observed. In 28.0% of all cases the fold of tissue (left septal ridge) was observed on the left side of the interatrial septum in the location where the left-sided SP should be expected. The mean length of the patent foramen ovale channel was 7.1±1.5mm. The mean right SP depth was 6.3±2.2mm, and its ostium width and height were 5.8±1.2 and 5.3±1.6mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences between human and porcine interatrial septum morphology that should be taken into account during experimental studies. The absence of the left SP in swine results in the inability to use porcine heart as an experimental model for left-sided SP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz K Hołda
- HEART - Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Jakub Hołda
- HEART - Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Koziej
- HEART - Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piątek
- HEART - Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Wiesława Klimek-Piotrowska
- HEART - Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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Vandecasteele T, Schauvliege S, Philpott M, Clement E, van Loon G, Vera L, Boussy T, van Bergen T, Van Den Broeck W, Cornillie P, Van Langenhove G. A preliminary study of pulmonary vein implant applicability and safety as a potential ablation platform in a follow-up study in pigs. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2018; 41:167-171. [PMID: 29315645 DOI: 10.1111/pace.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence of atrial fibrillation after an ablation procedure remains a major problem which emphasizes the need for improved pulmonary vein isolation techniques. AIMS The aim of this study was to describe an implantation procedure of a pulmonary vein-stent which may possibly serve as an ablation technique in the future and to examine stent safety in a follow-up study in pigs. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight pigs were catheterized and nine self-expanding nitinol stents were implanted through a transfemoral or transatrial approach into the antra of the pulmonary veins. After 3 months' follow-up, the animals were euthanized for further examination. During the follow-up phase, no complications were observed. Absence of thrombus formation or pulmonary vein wall dissection was noticed during anatomical and histological evaluation of the heart-lung packages. All implants were almost completely covered by neo-intima, of which thickness varied between 0.2 and 3.9 mm. CONCLUSIONS Stents can safely be positioned and deployed into the antra of the pulmonary veins without any acute or long-term (3 months) adverse effects. In the future, these implants could function as a permanently implanted ablation device and provide new therapeutic strategies for pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vandecasteele
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Stijn Schauvliege
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Gunther van Loon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lisse Vera
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tim Boussy
- AZ Groeninge Medical Hospital, Kortrijk, Belgium.,AZ Maria Middelares, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas van Bergen
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pieter Cornillie
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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10
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Vandecasteele T, Van Den Broeck W, Tay H, Couck L, van Loon G, Cornillie P. 3D reconstruction of the porcine and equine pulmonary veins, supplemented with the identification of telocytes in the horse. Anat Histol Embryol 2018; 47:145-152. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Vandecasteele
- Department of Morphology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - W. Van Den Broeck
- Department of Morphology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - H. Tay
- Department of Morphology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - L. Couck
- Department of Morphology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - G. van Loon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - P. Cornillie
- Department of Morphology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
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Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological condition defined as an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure ≥25 mmHg at rest assessed by right heart catheterization.Based on hemodynamic criteria, precapillary PH is characterized by a mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ≤15 mmHg as opposed to the postcapillary PH by >15 mmHg. Postcapillary PH is one of the most common forms of PH, often caused by left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure.In this chapter, we describe protocols for creating a large animal model of postcapillary PH. It is induced by open chest surgery (lateral thoracotomy) to band the pulmonary veins. The model is characterized by low mortality, relatively easy surgical procedure with well reproducible results, and pulmonary and cardiac remodeling at the structural, functional, and molecular levels. The presence of right ventricular (RV) remodeling is of significant importance since right heart failure is the main cause of death in patients suffering from PH. One of the advantages of the model described in this chapter is that both adaptive and maladaptive forms of RV remodeling can be observed during the progression of the disease. This can help understand the progressive pathophysiology of RV failure in humans. Besides the description of the model, a detailed guidance of the RV functional assessment in pigs for both invasive (heart catheterization) and noninvasive (echocardiography) approaches is provided.
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12
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Tay H, Vandecasteele T, Van den Broeck W. Identification of telocytes in the porcine heart. Anat Histol Embryol 2017; 46:519-527. [PMID: 28884484 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a new interstitial cell type called telocyte has been identified. Telocytes are found in many organs including the heart, where they are especially well described. However, their presence in the porcine heart has not yet been proven. The pig is a valuable animal model in research because of its resemblance with man, making it interesting to determine whether telocytes can be found in pigs as well. The focus of this study is the identification and ultrastructural description of telocytes in the heart tissue of pig. Using transmission electron microscopy, telocytes were found in both left and right atrium and ventricle, usually close to cardiomyocytes and/or blood vessels. Their most important characteristic is the long cytoplasmic processes called telopodes, which have a moniliform aspect, measure tens of μm and usually have a thickness below 0.2 μm. This unique morphological feature enables telocytes to be recognized from other interstitial cells such as fibroblasts. Additional observations include the ability to release extracellular vesicles and to make contacts with other structures such as endothelial cells, suggesting a role in intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tay
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Morphology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - T Vandecasteele
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Morphology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - W Van den Broeck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Morphology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Vandecasteele T, Cornillie P, Vandevelde K, Logothetidou A, Couck L, van Loon G, Van den Broeck W. Presence of Ganglia and Telocytes in Proximity to Myocardial Sleeve Tissue in the Porcine Pulmonary Veins Wall. Anat Histol Embryol 2017; 46:325-333. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Vandecasteele
- Department of Morphology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - P. Cornillie
- Department of Morphology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - K. Vandevelde
- Department of Morphology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - A. Logothetidou
- Department of Morphology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - L. Couck
- Department of Morphology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - G. van Loon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - W. Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
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14
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Saey V, Vandecasteele T, van Loon G, Cornillie P, Ploeg M, Delesalle C, Gröne A, Gielen I, Ducatelle R, Chiers K. Friesian horses as a possible model for human acquired aortopulmonary fistulation. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:405. [PMID: 27527829 PMCID: PMC4986238 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acquired aortopulmonary fistulation is a rare condition in humans. It usually results as a late complication of a true or pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta. It is most commonly associated with trauma or surgery, less commonly with atherosclerosis, inflammation, hypertension or Marfan’s syndrome. Aortopulmonary fistulation is also seen as a rare complication of acute aortic dissection. On rare occasions, acquired aortopulmonary fistulation is reported in aged patients without any of the above mentioned triggering factors. Thus, these cases should be considered as idiopathic aortopulmonary fistulation. Clearly, the pathogenesis of this condition is not yet completely understood. Friesian horses are highly inbred and are affected by several genetic conditions. Rupture of the thoracic aorta has a relatively high prevalence in Friesian horses and is often characterized by the formation of a pseudoaneurysm with subsequent fistulation into the pulmonary artery. Affected animals may survive for several weeks to months. Findings Here we performed vascular casting in three affected Friesian horses. In all three cases, an aortic rupture at the caudoventral side of the aorta was connected with a rupture of the main pulmonary artery just proximal to its bifurcation. Conclusions Affected Friesians show a consistent location and configuration of the aortic rupture site, very similar to the human condition and therefore could act as a spontaneous model to study this disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2201-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Saey
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - T Vandecasteele
- Department of Morphology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - G van Loon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P Cornillie
- Department of Morphology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Ploeg
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Delesalle
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Gröne
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - I Gielen
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - R Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - K Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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VANDECASTEELE TIM, BOUSSY TIM, PHILPOTT MATTHEW, CLEMENT ELI, SCHAUVLIEGE STIJN, VAN DEN BROECK WIM, VAN LOON GUNTHER, CORNILLIE PIETER, VAN LANGENHOVE GLENN. A Preclinical Study of an Implanted Device in the Pulmonary Veins, Intended for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in an Ovine Model. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2016; 39:822-9. [DOI: 10.1111/pace.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- TIM VANDECASTEELE
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - TIM BOUSSY
- AZ Groeninge Medical Hospital; Department of Cardiology; Kortrijk Belgium
| | | | | | - STIJN SCHAUVLIEGE
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - WIM VAN DEN BROECK
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - GUNTHER VAN LOON
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - PIETER CORNILLIE
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
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Topography and ultrasonographic identification of the equine pulmonary vein draining pattern. Vet J 2016; 210:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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