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Golubickaite I, Ugenskiene R, Bartnykaite A, Poskiene L, Vegiene A, Padervinskis E, Rudzianskas V, Juozaityte E. Mitochondria-Related TFAM and POLG Gene Variants and Associations with Tumor Characteristics and Patient Survival in Head and Neck Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:434. [PMID: 36833361 PMCID: PMC9956916 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, 878,348 newly reported cases and 444,347 deaths related to head and neck cancer were reported. These numbers suggest that there is still a need for molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. In this study, we aimed to analyze mitochondria-related mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and DNA polymerase γ (POLG) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the head and neck cancer patient group and evaluate associations between SNPs, disease characteristics, and patient outcomes. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan probes with Real-Time polymerase chain reaction. We found associations between TFAM gene SNPs rs11006129 and rs3900887 and patient survival status. We found that patients with the TFAM rs11006129 CC genotype and non-carriers of the T allele had longer survival times than those with the CT genotype or T-allele carriers. Additionally, patients with the TFAM rs3900887 A allele tended to have shorter survival times than non-carriers of the A allele. Our findings suggest that variants in the TFAM gene may play an important role in head and neck cancer patient survival and could be considered and further evaluated as prognostic biomarkers. However, due to the limited sample size (n = 115), further studies in larger and more diverse cohorts are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Golubickaite
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Ugenskiene
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Agne Bartnykaite
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Poskiene
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Vegiene
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Padervinskis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Viktoras Rudzianskas
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Elona Juozaityte
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Association of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Telomere Length with Prevalent and Incident Cancer and Cancer Mortality in Women: A Prospective Swedish Population-Based Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153842. [PMID: 34359743 PMCID: PMC8345403 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) and telomere length have, separately, been proposed as risk factors for various cancer types. However, those results are conflicting. Here, mtDNA-CN and relative telomere length were measured in 3225 middle-aged women included in a large population-based prospective cohort. The baseline mtDNA-CN in patients with prevalent breast cancer was significantly higher (12.39 copies/µL) than cancer-free individuals. During an average of 15.2 years of follow-up, 520 patients were diagnosed with cancer. Lower mtDNA-CN was associated with decreased risk of genital organ cancer (hazard ratio (HR), 0.84), and shorter telomere length was associated with increased risk of urinary system cancer (HR, 1.79). Furthermore, mtDNA-CN was inversely associated with all-cause (HR, 1.20) and cancer-specific mortality (HR, 1.21) when considering all cancer types. Surprisingly, shorter telomere length was associated with decreased risk of cancer-specific mortality when considering all cancer types (HR, 0.85). Finally, lower mtDNA-CN and shorter telomere length were associated with increased risk of both all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in genital organ cancer patients. In this study population, we found that mtDNA-CN and telomere length were significantly associated with prevalent and incident cancer and cancer mortality. However, these associations were cancer type specific and need further investigation.
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Golubickaite I, Ugenskiene R, Ziliene E, Beniusyte J, Inciura A, Poskiene L, Juozaityte E. POLG Gene Variants in Cervical Cancer Patients and Their Associations with Clinical and Pathomorphological Tumor Characteristics. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1838. [PMID: 33922707 PMCID: PMC8123044 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. Human papillomaviruses are known to be the main, but not the only risk factor, of this cancer type. Despite all the knowledge on this cancer type, it is still a challenge to predict the course of the disease, and therefore, minimally invasive biomarkers are needed. This study aimed to analyze single-nucleotide variants in the POLG gene and assess the associations with tumor phenotype and patient outcome. A total of 172 cervical cancer patients were included in this study. Clinical and tumor data were gathered from medical records retrospectively. Single nucleotide variations were determined using TaqMan probes with Real-Time PCR. Significant associations between POLG rs3087374 and cervical cancer patients' tumor histological type, stage, and tumor size were determined. The CA genotype and A allele of rs3087374 increased the probability of adenocarcinoma histological tumor type, IIIA stage, and T3 tumor size compared to CC genotype and C allele, respectively. Furthermore, patients with AA genotype in rs2072267 had longer metastasis-free survival than those with the GG genotype. Our data suggest that mitochondrial polymerase gamma encoded by nuclear POLG gene is important for specific tumor phenotype formation and patient outcome in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Golubickaite
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Rasa Ugenskiene
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.Z.); (J.B.); (A.I.); (E.J.)
| | - Egle Ziliene
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.Z.); (J.B.); (A.I.); (E.J.)
| | - Jurgita Beniusyte
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.Z.); (J.B.); (A.I.); (E.J.)
| | - Arturas Inciura
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.Z.); (J.B.); (A.I.); (E.J.)
| | - Lina Poskiene
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Elona Juozaityte
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.Z.); (J.B.); (A.I.); (E.J.)
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4
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Golubickaite I, Ugenskiene R, Korobeinikova E, Gudaitiene J, Vaitiekus D, Poskiene L, Juozaityte E. The impact of mitochondria-related POLG and TFAM variants on breast cancer pathomorphological characteristics and patient outcomes. Biomarkers 2021; 26:343-353. [PMID: 33715547 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1900397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is the most frequent female cancer, leading to relapse with distant metastasis of approximately one-third of patients. Cancer is usually considered a genetic disease involving mutations in nuclear DNA. However, genes, coding for mitochondrial proteins or regulatory molecules, are rarely under consideration. This study aimed to analyse 10 single nucleotide variants in POLG and TFAM genes and assess their association with tumour phenotype and disease outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 234 breast cancer patients were included in this study. Variations were determined with Real-Time PCR using TaqMan® probes. RESULTS We found that patients with POLG rs2307441 TT and CT genotypes had a lower probability for vascular invasion than those with CC genotype (p = 0.001). Patients with POLG rs2072267 AG genotype were predisposed for progression compared with GG genotype (p = 0.015). TFAM rs3900887 TT genotype was associated with a higher probability for positive oestrogen receptors (p = 0.003) and lymphatic invasion (p = 0.001) in comparison to AA genotype, patients with TT (p = 0.000) were more likely to have positive lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that variations in POLG and TFAM genes are important determinacies of tumour phenotype and disease outcome in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Golubickaite
- Institute of Biology Systems and Genetic Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Ugenskiene
- Institute of Biology Systems and Genetic Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Erika Korobeinikova
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Gudaitiene
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Domas Vaitiekus
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Poskiene
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Pathology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Elona Juozaityte
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Alikhani M, Touati E, Karimipoor M, Vosough M, Eybpoosh S, Mohammadi M. Dynamic Changes of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:163-179. [PMID: 33290105 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2020.1857394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We have performed a systematic review and meta-analysis for evaluation of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) alterations in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), and tumor tissues of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancers. Analysis of the PBL demonstrated a significant decrease [OR: 0.6 (0.5, 0.8)] and increase [OR: 1.4 (1.1, 1.9)] prior to and following GIT cancer development, respectively. This trend was more evident in CRC, and GC subgroups. Analysis of tissue yielded high levels of heterogeneity. However, the mean difference for the CRC subgroup was statistically significant [1.5 (1.0, 2.2)]. Our analysis suggests mtDNA-CN deserves further investigations as a GIT-cancer screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alikhani
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eliette Touati
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, CNRS UMR2001, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Morteza Karimipoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sana Eybpoosh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Mohammadi
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Badrinath N, Yoo SY. Mitochondria in cancer: in the aspects of tumorigenesis and targeted therapy. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1419-1430. [PMID: 30357389 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play pivotal roles in most eukaryotic cells, ranging from energy production to regulation of apoptosis. As sites of cellular respiration, mitochondria experience accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to damage in electron transport chain carriers. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as well as nuclear DNA are reported in various cancers. Mitochondria have a dual role in cancer: the development of tumors due to mutations in mitochondrial genome and the generation of ROS. Impairment in the mitochondria-regulated apoptosis pathway accelerates tumorigenesis. Numerous strategies targeting mitochondria have been developed to induce the mitochondrial (i.e. intrinsic) apoptosis pathway in cancer cells. This review elaborates the roles of mitochondria in cancer with respect to mutations and apoptosis and discusses mitochondria-targeting strategies as cancer therapies to enhance the killing of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanasamy Badrinath
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Yoo
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Buj R, Aird KM. Deoxyribonucleotide Triphosphate Metabolism in Cancer and Metabolic Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:177. [PMID: 29720963 PMCID: PMC5915462 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of a healthy deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) pool is critical for the proper replication and repair of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Temporal, spatial, and ratio imbalances of the four dNTPs have been shown to have a mutagenic and cytotoxic effect. It is, therefore, essential for cell homeostasis to maintain the balance between the processes of dNTP biosynthesis and degradation. Multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, such as c-Myc, p53, and mTORC1 feed into dNTP metabolism, and there is a clear role for dNTP imbalances in cancer initiation and progression. Additionally, multiple chemotherapeutics target these pathways to inhibit nucleotide synthesis. Less is understood about the role for dNTP levels in metabolic disorders and syndromes and whether alterations in dNTP levels change cancer incidence in these patients. For instance, while deficiencies in some metabolic pathways known to play a role in nucleotide synthesis are pro-tumorigenic (e.g., p53 mutations), others confer an advantage against the onset of cancer (G6PD). More recent evidence indicates that there are changes in nucleotide metabolism in diabetes, obesity, and insulin resistance; however, whether these changes play a mechanistic role is unclear. In this review, we will address the complex network of metabolic pathways, whereby cells can fuel dNTP biosynthesis and catabolism in cancer, and we will discuss the potential role for this pathway in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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Wen S, Gao J, Zhang L, Zhou H, Fang D, Feng S. p53 increase mitochondrial copy number via up-regulation of mitochondrial transcription factor A in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75981-75995. [PMID: 27732955 PMCID: PMC5342792 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer, no study has been carried out discovering the relationship among p53, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression and change of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. In our study, co-expression of p53 and TFAM was observed in colon adenocarcinoma tissues, paracancerous tissues and 9 colorectal cancer cell lines. Then, a significant linear correlation was established between either p53 or TFAM expression and advanced TNM stage, positive lymph nodes and low 5-year survival rate in patients with colon adenocarcinoma. Additionally, advanced TNM stage, large tumor burden, presence of distant metastasis, and high TFAM expression were significantly related to poor overall 5-years survival. Moreover, alteration of p53 expression could change TFAM expression but TFAM could not influence p53 expression, and p53 could enhance TFAM expression via binding to TFAM promoter. While, both of p53 and TFAM expression could incrase mtDNA copy number in vitro. In conclusions, p53 might incrase mtDNA copy number through its regulation on TFAM expression via TFAMpromoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Wen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Medicine College, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Division of Peptides Related with Human Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linhao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongying Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Medicine College, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dingzhi Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Medicine College, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shi Feng
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Medicine College, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Skonieczna K, Malyarchuk B, Jawień A, Marszałek A, Banaszkiewicz Z, Jarmocik P, Grzybowski T. Mitogenomic differences between the normal and tumor cells of colorectal cancer patients. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:691-701. [PMID: 29330893 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
So far, a reliable spectrum of mitochondrial DNA mutations in colorectal cancer cells is still unknown, and neither is their significance in carcinogenesis. Indeed, it remains debatable whether mtDNA mutations are "drivers" or "passengers" of colorectal carcinogenesis. Thus, we analyzed 200 mitogenomes from normal and cancer tissues of 100 colorectal cancer patients. Minority variant mutations were detected at the 1% level. We showed that somatic mutations frequently occur in colorectal cancer cells (75%) and are randomly distributed across the mitochondrial genome. Mutational signatures of somatic mitogenome mutations suggest that they might arise through nucleotide deamination due to oxidative stress. The majority of somatic mutations localized within the coding region (in positions not known from the human phylogeny) and was potentially pathogenic to cell metabolism. Further analysis suggested that the relaxation of negative selection in the mitogenomes of colorectal cancer cells may allow accumulation of somatic mutations. Thus, a shift in glucose metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis may create advantageous conditions for accumulation of mtDNA mutations. Considering the fact that the presence of somatic mtDNA mutations was not associated with any clinicopathological features, we suggested that mtDNA somatic mutations are "passengers" rather than the cause of colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skonieczna
- Division of Molecular and Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Boris Malyarchuk
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
| | - Arkadiusz Jawień
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Banaszkiewicz
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paweł Jarmocik
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grzybowski
- Division of Molecular and Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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10
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Nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial diseases caused by instability of mitochondrial DNA. J Appl Genet 2018; 59:43-57. [PMID: 29344903 PMCID: PMC5799321 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-017-0424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are defined by a respiratory chain dysfunction and in most of the cases manifest as multisystem disorders with predominant expression in muscles and nerves and may be caused by mutations in mitochondrial (mtDNA) or nuclear (nDNA) genomes. Most of the proteins involved in respiratory chain function are nuclear encoded, although 13 subunits of respiratory chain complexes (together with 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs necessary for their translation) encoded by mtDNA are essential for cell function. nDNA encodes not only respiratory chain subunits but also all the proteins responsible for mtDNA maintenance, especially those involved in replication, as well as other proteins necessary for the transcription and copy number control of this multicopy genome. Mutations in these genes can cause secondary instability of the mitochondrial genome in the form of depletion (decreased number of mtDNA molecules in the cell), vast multiple deletions or accumulation of point mutations which in turn leads to mitochondrial diseases inherited in a Mendelian fashion. The list of genes involved in mitochondrial DNA maintenance is long, and still incomplete.
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11
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Hertweck KL, Dasgupta S. The Landscape of mtDNA Modifications in Cancer: A Tale of Two Cities. Front Oncol 2017; 7:262. [PMID: 29164061 PMCID: PMC5673620 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria from normal and cancerous cells represent a tale of two cities, wherein both execute similar processes but with different cellular and molecular effects. Given the number of reviews currently available which describe the functional implications of mitochondrial mutations in cancer, this article focuses on documenting current knowledge in the abundance and distribution of somatic mitochondrial mutations, followed by elucidation of processes which affect the fate of mutations in cancer cells. The conclusion includes an overview of translational implications for mtDNA mutations, as well as recommendations for future research uniting mitochondrial variants and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Hertweck
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
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12
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Errichiello E, Venesio T. Mitochondrial DNA variants in colorectal carcinogenesis: Drivers or passengers? J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1905-1914. [PMID: 28393270 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial DNA alterations have widely been reported in many age-related degenerative diseases and tumors, including colorectal cancer. In the past few years, the discovery of inter-genomic crosstalk between nucleus and mitochondria has reinforced the role of mitochondrial DNA variants in perturbing this essential signaling pathway and thus indirectly targeting nuclear genes involved in tumorigenic and invasive phenotype. FINDINGS Mitochondrial dysfunction is currently considered a crucial hallmark of carcinogenesis as well as a promising target for anticancer therapy. Mitochondrial DNA alterations include point mutations, deletions, inversions, and copy number variations, but numerous studies investigating their pathogenic role in cancer have provided inconsistent evidence. Furthermore, the biological impact of mitochondrial DNA variants may vary tremendously, depending on the proportion of mutant DNA molecules carried by the neoplastic cells (heteroplasmy). CONCLUSIONS In this review, we discuss the role of different type of mitochondrial DNA alterations in colorectal carcinogenesis and, in particular, we revisit the issue of whether they may be considered as causative driver or simply genuine passenger events. The advent of high-throughput techniques as well as the development of genetic and pharmaceutical interventions for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction in colorectal cancer are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Errichiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Starda Provinciale 142, Candiolo, 10060, Turin, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Venesio
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Starda Provinciale 142, Candiolo, 10060, Turin, Italy
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13
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Pokrzywinski KL, Biel TG, Kryndushkin D, Rao VA. Therapeutic Targeting of the Mitochondria Initiates Excessive Superoxide Production and Mitochondrial Depolarization Causing Decreased mtDNA Integrity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168283. [PMID: 28030582 PMCID: PMC5193408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysregulation is closely associated with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Altered redox homeostasis has been implicated in the onset of several diseases including cancer. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and proteins are particularly sensitive to ROS as they are in close proximity to the respiratory chain (RC). Mitoquinone (MitoQ), a mitochondria-targeted redox agent, selectively damages breast cancer cells possibly through damage induced via enhanced ROS production. However, the effects of MitoQ and other triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) conjugated agents on cancer mitochondrial homeostasis remain unknown. The primary objective of this study was to determine the impact of mitochondria-targeted agent [(MTAs) conjugated to TPP+: mitoTEMPOL, mitoquinone and mitochromanol-acetate] on mitochondrial physiology and mtDNA integrity in breast (MDA-MB-231) and lung (H23) cancer cells. The integrity of the mtDNA was assessed by quantifying the degree of mtDNA fragmentation and copy number, as well as by measuring mitochondrial proteins essential to mtDNA stability and maintenance (TFAM, SSBP1, TWINKLE, POLG and POLRMT). Mitochondrial status was evaluated by measuring superoxide production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, oxygen consumption, extracellular acidification and mRNA or protein levels of the RC complexes along with TCA cycle activity. In this study, we demonstrated that all investigated MTAs impair mitochondrial health and decrease mtDNA integrity in MDA-MB-231 and H23 cells. However, differences in the degree of mitochondrial damage and mtDNA degradation suggest unique properties among each MTA that may be cell line, dose and time dependent. Collectively, our study indicates the potential for TPP+ conjugated molecules to impair breast and lung cancer cells by targeting mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaytee L. Pokrzywinski
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology Research and Review III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas G. Biel
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology Research and Review III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dmitry Kryndushkin
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology Research and Review III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - V. Ashutosh Rao
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology Research and Review III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang HF, Wang KH. Relationship between mutations of mitochondrial DNA control region and tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2676-2681. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i17.2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is the main place of cell respiration and participates in the process of cell apoptosis and proliferation, nucleic acid synthesis, and the production of free radicals. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is susceptible to the attack by oxygen free radicals and their products, and tends to develop somatic mutations, because of the lack of protection by histones and complete repair system. Somatic mutations in mtDNA will finally promote tumorigenesis. The control region of mtDNA is a region with a high mutation frequency. The association between control region mutations and tumorigenesis has attracted wide attention. Therefore, it is of great significance to elucidate the relationship between mtDNA control region mutations and tumorigenesis.
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Hypoxic regulation of the expression of cell proliferation related genes in U87 glioma cells upon inhibition of IRE1 signaling enzyme. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2016; 88:11-21. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj88.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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16
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Riabovol OO. IRE1 KNOCKDOWN MODIFIES THE GLUTAMINE AND GLUCOSE DEPRIVATION EFFECT ON THE EXPRESSION OF NUCLEAR GENES ENCODING MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEINS IN U87 GLIOMA CELLS. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech9.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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17
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IRE1 KNOCKDOWN MODIFIES GLUCOSE AND GLUTAMINE DEPRIVATION EFFECTS ON THE EXPRESSION OF PROLIFERATION RELATED GENES IN U87 GLIOMA CELLS. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech9.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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18
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Singh B, Owens KM, Bajpai P, Desouki MM, Srinivasasainagendra V, Tiwari HK, Singh KK. Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase POLG1 Disease Mutations and Germline Variants Promote Tumorigenic Properties. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139846. [PMID: 26468652 PMCID: PMC4607296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG1) induce mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, depletion, and decrease oxidative phosphorylation. Earlier, we identified somatic mutations in POLG1 and the contribution of these mutations in human cancer. However, a role for germline variations in POLG1 in human cancers is unknown. In this study, we examined a role for disease associated germline variants of POLG1, POLG1 gene expression, copy number variation and regulation in human cancers. We analyzed the mutations, expression and copy number variation in POLG1 in several cancer databases and validated the analyses in primary breast tumors and breast cancer cell lines. We discovered 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine led epigenetic regulation of POLG1, mtDNA-encoded genes and increased mitochondrial respiration. We conducted comprehensive race based bioinformatics analyses of POLG1 gene in more than 33,000 European-Americans and 5,000 African-Americans. We identified a mitochondrial disease causing missense variation in polymerase domain of POLG1 protein at amino acid 1143 (E1143G) to be 25 times more prevalent in European-Americans (allele frequency 0.03777) when compared to African-American (allele frequency 0.00151) population. We identified T251I and P587L missense variations in exonuclease and linker region of POLG1 also to be more prevalent in European-Americans. Expression of these variants increased glucose consumption, decreased ATP production and increased matrigel invasion. Interestingly, conditional expression of these variants revealed that matrigel invasion properties conferred by these germline variants were reversible suggesting a role of epigenetic regulators. Indeed, we identified a set of miRNA whose expression was reversible after variant expression was turned off. Together, our studies demonstrate altered genetic and epigenetic regulation of POLG1 in human cancers and suggest a role for POLG1 germline variants in promoting tumorigenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Singh
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Kjerstin M. Owens
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Prachi Bajpai
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Mokhtar Desouki
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Vinodh Srinivasasainagendra
- Section on Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Hemant K. Tiwari
- Section on Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Keshav K. Singh
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Center for Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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