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Chen Y, Che X, Raghavan R. Distribution and correlates of plasma folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in a sample of low-income minority children aged 6 months to 9 years in the U.S. PRECISION NUTRITION 2024; 3:e00074. [PMID: 38899042 PMCID: PMC11185822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Precision nutrition emphasizes tailoring dietary requirements across populations and life stages. Optimal folate and vitamin B12 levels are important for normal growth and development, but data are lacking for low-income minority U.S. children during early life periods. This study aimed to describe folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine (Hcy) levels, and influencing factors to address the gaps. Methods Blood samples from children aged 6 months to 9 years and mothers 48-72 hours postpartum in the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC) were tested for folate, vitamin B12, and Hcy. Maternal and child characteristics, sociodemographic factors, and feeding status were obtained from a standard maternal questionnaire interview at the enrollment and follow-up, and medical records. The distribution of children's folate, vitamin B12, and Hcy were described and factors influencing these biomarkers were analyzed. Results A wide distribution of folate, vitamin B12, and Hcy levels was observed in this sample, with longitudinal trends consistent with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Multivariate analysis showed that very preterm birth correlated with higher folate levels (adjusted β 4.236; 95% CI: 1.218, 7.253; p=0.006). Children aged 1-2 years and 3-8 years had lower folate levels compared to those <1 year (adjusted β -10.191 and -7.499 respectively; p<0.001). Vitamin B12 levels were higher in Black children (adjusted fold change 1.139; 95% CI: 1.052, 1.233; p=0.001) and those children whose mothers' B12 levels were at the highest quartile (Q4) (adjusted fold change 1.229; 95% CI: 1.094, 1.380; p=0.001). Delayed solid food introduction (> 6 months) correlated with lower children's B12 levels (adjusted fold change 0.888; 95% CI: 0.809, 0.975; p=0.013). Hcy levels were lower in Black children (adjusted fold change 0.962; 95% CI: 0.932, 0.993; p=0.018), higher in children with maternal Hcy levels in Q4 (adjusted fold change 1.081; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.135; p=0.002) and in children aged 3-8 years (adjusted fold change 1.084; 95% CI: 1.040, 1.131; p< 0.001). Conclusions This study revealed wide variations in plasma folate, vitamin B12, and Hcy levels among low-income minority U.S. children and identified race, maternal levels, child's age, prematurity, and timing of solid food introduction as significant correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Chen
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Che
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ramkripa Raghavan
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Branch, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA
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Tauber Z, Burianova A, Koubova K, Mrstik M, Jirkovska M, Cizkova K. The interplay of inflammation and placenta in maternal diabetes: insights into Hofbauer cell expression patterns. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1386528. [PMID: 38590527 PMCID: PMC10999664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation of the placenta is harmful to both the fetus and the mother. Inflammation is strongly associated with diabetes, a common complication of pregnancy. Hofbauer cells (HBCs), unique immune system cells of fetal origin in the placenta, play complex roles, including growth of placental villi and their branching, stromal remodelling, and angiogenesis. Methods Our study investigated the expression of IL-1β, IL-10, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2J2 and sEH in HBCs from patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to healthy controls using immunohistochemistry. We also assessed the structure of the villus stroma using Masson´s trichrome. Results In T1DM, HBCs showed inflammatory activation characterised by increased IL-1β and decreased CYP epoxygenase expression compared to normal placentas. Conversely, significant inflammation in HBCs appeared less likely in GDM, as levels of IL-1β and CYP epoxygenases remained stable compared to normal placentas. However, GDM showed a significant increase in sEH expression. Both types of diabetes showed delayed placental villous maturation and hypovascularisation, with GDM showing a more pronounced effect. Conclusion The expression profiles of IL-1β, CYP epoxygenases and sEH significantlly differ between controls and diabetic placentas and between T1DM and GDM. These facts suggest an association of the CYP epoxygenase-EETs-sEH axis with IL-1β expression as well as villous stromal hypovascularisation. Given the stable high expression of IL-10 in both controls and both types of diabetes, it appears that immune tolerance is maintained in HBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Tauber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Adela Burianova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Katerina Koubova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Max Mrstik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Marie Jirkovska
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katerina Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
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White M, Abdo H, Grynspan D, Mieghem TV, Connor KL. Altered placental immune cell composition and gene expression with isolated fetal spina bifida. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 91:e13836. [PMID: 38528656 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Fetal spina bifida (SB) is more common in pregnant people with folate deficiency or anomalies of folate metabolism. It is also known that fetuses with SB have a higher risk of low birthweight, a condition that is typically placental-mediated. We therefore hypothesized that fetal SB would associate with altered expression of key placental folate transporters and an increase in Hofbauer cells (HBCs), which are folate-dependent placental macrophages. METHOD OF STUDY Folate receptor-α (FRα), proton coupled folate receptor (PCFT), and reduced folate carrier (RFC) protein localization and expression (immunohistochemistry) and HBC phenotypes (HBC abundance and folate receptor-β [FRβ] expression; RNA in situ hybridization) were assessed in placentae from fetuses with SB (cases; n = 12) and in term (n = 10) and gestational age (GA) - and maternal body mass index - matched (n = 12) controls without congenital anomalies. RESULTS Cases had a higher proportion of placental villous cells that were HBCs (6.9% vs. 2.4%, p = .0001) and higher average HBC FRβ expression (3.2 mRNA molecules per HBC vs. 2.3, p = .03) than GA-matched controls. HBCs in cases were largely polarized to a regulatory phenotype (median 92.1% of HBCs). In sex-stratified analyses, only male cases had higher HBC levels and HBC FRβ expression than GA-matched controls. There were no differences between groups in the total percent of syncytium and stromal cells that were positive for FRα, PCFT, or RFC protein immunolabeling. CONCLUSIONS HBC abundance and FRβ expression by HBCs are increased in placentae of fetuses with SB, suggesting immune-mediated dysregulation in placental phenotype, and could contribute to SB-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina White
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hasan Abdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Grynspan
- Vernon Jubilee Hospital, Vernon, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tim Van Mieghem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristin L Connor
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Ozmen A, Nwabuobi C, Tang Z, Guo X, Larsen K, Guller S, Blas J, Moore M, Kayisli UA, Lockwood CJ, Guzeloglu-Kayisli O. Leptin-Mediated Induction of IL-6 Expression in Hofbauer Cells Contributes to Preeclampsia Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:135. [PMID: 38203306 PMCID: PMC10778808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptin plays a crucial role in regulating energy homoeostasis, neuroendocrine function, metabolism, and immune and inflammatory responses. The adipose tissue is a main source of leptin, but during pregnancy, leptin is also secreted primarily by the placenta. Circulating leptin levels peak during the second trimester of human pregnancy and fall after labor. Several studies indicated a strong association between elevated placental leptin levels and preeclampsia (PE) pathogenesis and elevated serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in PE patients. Therefore, we hypothesized that a local increase in placental leptin production induces IL-6 production in Hofbauer cells (HBCs) to contribute to PE-associated inflammation. We first investigated HBCs-specific IL-6 and leptin receptor (LEPR) expression and compared their immunoreactivity in PE vs. gestational age-matched control placentas. Subsequently, we examined the in vitro regulation of IL-6 as well as the phosphorylation levels of intracellular signaling proteins STAT3, STAT5, NF-κB, and ERK1/2 by increasing recombinant human leptin concentrations (10 to 1000 ng/mL) in primary cultured HBCs. Lastly, HBC cultures were incubated with leptin ± specific inhibitors of STAT3 or STAT5, or p65 NF-κB or ERK1/2 MAPK signaling cascades to determine relevant cascade(s) involved in leptin-mediated IL-6 regulation. Immunohistochemistry revealed ~three- and ~five-fold increases in IL-6 and LEPR expression, respectively, in HBCs from PE placentas. In vitro analysis indicated that leptin treatment in HBCs stimulate IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner both at the transcriptional and secretory levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, leptin-treated HBC cultures displayed significantly increased phosphorylation levels of STAT5, p65 NF-κB, and ERK1/2 MAPK and pre-incubation of HBCs with a specific ERK1/2 MAPK inhibitor blocked leptin-induced IL-6 expression. Our in situ results show that HBCs contribute to the pathogenesis of PE by elevating IL-6 expression, and in vitro results indicate that induction of IL-6 expression in HBCs is primarily leptin-mediated. While HBCs display an anti-inflammatory phenotype in normal placentas, elevated levels of leptin may transform HBCs into a pro-inflammatory phenotype by activating ERK1/2 MAPK to augment IL-6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Ozmen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Chinedu Nwabuobi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (Z.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Kellie Larsen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Seth Guller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (Z.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Jacqueline Blas
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Monica Moore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Umit A. Kayisli
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Charles J. Lockwood
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Ozlem Guzeloglu-Kayisli
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
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Yang H, Chelariu-Raicu A, Makri D, Ori C, Ribeiro PCP, Kolben T, Kuhn C, Kessler M, Schulz C, Mahner S, Jeschke U, von Schönfeldt V. Updates of placental macrophages: Origins, molecular markers, functions, and related diseases. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 157:103942. [PMID: 36989681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Placental macrophages are highly heterogeneous cells with differential phenotypes and functions defined by differential origins and modulated by the changing placental environment. During pregnancy, placental macrophages play a critical role in embryo implantation, placenta formation and homeostasis, fetal development and parturition. This review summarizes recent findings on the cellular origin of placental macrophages, and provide a comprehensive description of their phenotypes, corresponding molecular markers and functions in human placenta. Finally, alterations of placental macrophages in pregnancy-related diseases are discussed.
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Mittelberger J, Seefried M, Löb S, Kuhn C, Franitza M, Garrido F, Wild CM, Ditsch N, Jeschke U, Dannecker C. The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are significantly downregulated on macrophages and Hofbauer cells in the placenta of preeclampsia patients. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 157:103949. [PMID: 37079975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disease which is characterized by abnormal placentation, endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation and disruption of the immune system. The goal of this study was to characterize the PD-1/PD-L1 system, an important immune checkpoint system, on macrophages and Hofbauer cells (HBC) in the placenta of preeclamptic patients. The expression of the macrophage markers CD68 and CD163 as well as the proteins PD1 and PD-L1 in the placenta of preeclamptic patients was examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in comparison to the placenta of healthy pregnancies. The numbers of CD68-positive and CD163-positive macrophages were significantly downregulated in the decidua (p = 0.021 and p = 0.043) and in the chorionic villi (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) of preeclamptic patients. The majority of macrophages in the decidua and the chorionic villi were identified to be CD163-positive, indicating a predominantly M2-polarisation. The expression of PD1 on maternal macrophages of the decidua (p < 0.001) and on Hofbauer cells (p < 0.001) was shown to be significantly lower in preeclampsia. Looking at the protein PD-L1 the expression was proven to be downregulated on maternal macrophages in the decidua of preeclamptic patients (p = 0.043). This difference was only caused by a downregulation of PD-L1 expression in male offspring (p = 0.004) while there was no difference in female offspring (p = 0.841). The variation of the immune checkpoint molecules PD1 and PD-L1 in preeclampsia might play an important role in the development of inflammation seen in preeclamptic patients. It might thereby be an important target in the therapy of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Mittelberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marina Seefried
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sanja Löb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Franitza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Garrido
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Carl Mathis Wild
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Dannecker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
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Mercnik MH, Schliefsteiner C, Fluhr H, Wadsack C. Placental macrophages present distinct polarization pattern and effector functions depending on clinical onset of preeclampsia. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1095879. [PMID: 36713449 PMCID: PMC9878680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1095879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are resident macrophages of the human placenta, regulating immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis. HBCs of a normal placenta (CTR) exhibit mainly an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Under exaggerated chronic inflammation during pregnancy, as in preeclampsia (PE), a phenotypic switch towards M1 polarization has been proposed. PE, defined as maternally derived syndrome can be distinguished into two different entities: early-onset (EO) preeclampsia and late-onset (LO) preeclampsia. Although the clinical presenting characteristics overlap, both can be identified by biochemical markers, heritability, and different maternal and fetal outcomes. To date, no study has specifically investigated polarization and phenotype of EO- and LO-PE HBCs and looked at possible changes in HBC functionality. Primary HBCs were isolated from CTR and PE placentae. First, in vitro morphological differences were observed between CTR and PE HBCs, with both PE groups exhibiting features of M1 macrophages alongside M2 forms. Interestingly, a different polarization pattern was observed between EO- and LO-PE HBCs. EO-PE HBCs develop a tissue remodeling M2 phenotype that is strongly shifted toward M1 polarization and showed a significant upregulation of CD86, TLR4, and HLA-DR. Furthermore, this pro-inflammatory signature is corroborated by higher expression of IRF5 and of NOS2 (p ≤ 0.05). However, their M2 characteristics is reflected by significant TGF-β secretion and ARG1 expression. In contrast, LO-PE HBCs developed a phagocytic CD209-low M2 phenotype in which the M1 pattern was not as pronounced as they downregulated the NOS2 gene, but expressed increased levels of pro-inflammatory CD80 and TLR1 (p ≤ 0.05). The enhanced phagocytosis and MMP-9 secretion alongside the increased secretion of anti-inflammatory IL -4, IL -13 and TGF-β in both EO- and LO-PE HBCs suggests their adaptive role and plasticity in resolving inflammation and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Herbert Fluhr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria,*Correspondence: Christian Wadsack,
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Placental macrophage responses to viral and bacterial ligands and the influence of fetal sex. iScience 2022; 25:105653. [PMID: 36505933 PMCID: PMC9732417 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and viral infections of the placenta are associated with inflammation and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are fetal-origin macrophages in the placenta, proposed to protect the fetus from vertical pathogen transmission. We performed quantitative proteomics on term HBCs under resting conditions and following exposure to bacterial and viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and investigated the contribution of fetal sex. Resting HBCs expressed proteins pertinent to macrophage function, including chemokines, cytokines, Toll-like receptors, and major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules. HBCs mounted divergent responses to bacterial versus viral PAMPs but exhibited protein expression changes suggestive of a more pro-inflammatory phenotype. A comparison between male and female HBCs showed that the latter mounted a stronger and wider response. Here, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the sex-dependent responses of placental macrophages to infectious triggers, which were primarily associated with lipid metabolism in males and cytoskeleton organization in females.
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Distinct gene expression patterns for CD14++ and CD16++ monocytes in preeclampsia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15469. [PMID: 36104441 PMCID: PMC9474473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious gestational complication affecting the life of a mother and child. The immunophenotype and gene expression profile of isolated blood monocyte subpopulations of pregnant women with PE have not been studied before. In this work, we assessed changes in CD14++ and CD16++ monocyte subpopulations in PE and physiological pregnancy (n = 33). Immunophenotyping, immunomagnetic sorting of monocytes and analysis of the transcriptional profile of their genes were carried out. The percentage of classical monocytes was significantly lower, while the intermediate fraction of monocytes was significantly higher in late-onset PE compared to control. Transcriptome analysis of late-onset PE classical CD14++ monocytes revealed significant activation of inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signalling pathways; apoptosis; regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress and others. The most suppressed signalling pathways were associated with T cell activation and selection. In CD16++ monocytes of late-onset PE cases, positive regulation of cell–cell adhesion, integrin signalling pathway, blood coagulation cascade were the most activated ones. The inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signalling pathway and p53 pathway were the most down-regulated in CD16++ monocytes. The obtained results indicate profound changes occurring to two most polar monocyte subpopulations in PE and their different roles in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Singh N, Mishra R, Misra P, Shaleen A, Pradhan M. Folate Receptor Alpha is Decreased in Pregnancy Affected with Fetal Neural Tube Defect: A Case Control Study. Neurol India 2022; 70:1836-1839. [PMID: 36352575 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.359266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defect (NTD) is a multifactorial disorder. Decrease transfer of folate to the developing embryo is one of the etiologies. It could be due to decrease folate receptors resulting in NTD in fetus. OBJECTIVE To analyze serum folate receptor alpha (FOLR1) concentration in women having fetus with NTD and compare it with women having normal fetus during and after pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a prospective case control study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Pregnant women with detected isolated NTD in fetus were enrolled as cases and equal number of matched pregnant women without any fetal congenital malformation were recruited as controls. Serum FOLR1 levels were analyzed in cases and controls during pregnancy and 6 weeks after delivery. RESULTS Mean serum FOLR1 concentration during pregnancy was 70.5 pg/mL (range: 23.8-98.5 pg/mL) and 103.9 pg/mL (range: 70-110 pg/mL) in cases and controls, respectively. Serum level of FOLR1 was 448.9 pg/mL (range: 133.5-475) and 414.5 pg/mL (range: 269.7-412.5) in cases and controls at 6 weeks postpartum, respectively. There was statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between cases and control during pregnancy but not in postpartum (P = 0.092). There was significant increase in level of FOLR1 in both cases and control at 6 weeks postpartum as compared to antenatal period. CONCLUSIONS Maternal serum FOLR1 is significantly reduced in pregnancy with fetal NTD as compared to normal pregnancy. The level is significantly increased in postpartum period in both groups. FOLR1 level being similar in both groups in postpartum indicates that it is not influenced by the history of fetal NTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Singh
- Department of Maternal and Reproductive Health, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhaker Misra
- Department of Biostatistics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Archita Shaleen
- Department of Maternal and Reproductive Health, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mandakini Pradhan
- Department of Maternal and Reproductive Health, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Isolation of Decidual Macrophages and Hofbauer Cells from Term Placenta-Comparison of the Expression of CD163 and CD80. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116113. [PMID: 35682791 PMCID: PMC9181726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Placental immune cells are playing a very important role in a successful placentation and the prevention of pregnancy complications. Macrophages dominate in number and relevance in the maternal and the fetal part of the placenta. The evidence on the polarization state of fetal and maternal macrophages involved in both, healthy and pregnancy-associated diseases, is limited. There is no representative isolation method for the direct comparison of maternal and fetal macrophages so far. (2) Material and Methods: For the isolation of decidual macrophages and Hofbauer cells from term placenta, fresh tissue was mechanically dissected and digested with trypsin and collagenase A. Afterwards cell enrichment was increased by a Percoll gradient. CD68 is represented as pan-macrophage marker, the surface markers CD80 and CD163 were further investigated. (3) Results: The established method revealed a high cell yield and purity of the isolated macrophages and enabled the comparison between decidual macrophages and Hofbauer cells. No significant difference was observed in the percentage of single CD163+ cells in the distinct macrophage populations, by using FACS and immunofluorescence staining. A slight increase of CD80+ cells could be found in the decidual macrophages. Considering the percentage of CD80+CD163− and CD80−CD163+ cells we could not find differences. Interestingly we found an increased number of double positive cells (CD80+CD163+) in the decidual macrophage population in comparison to Hofbauer cells. (4) Conclusion: In this study we demonstrate that our established isolation method enables the investigation of decidual macrophages and Hofbauer cells in the placenta. It represents a promising method for direct cell comparison, enzyme independently, and unaffected by magnetic beads, to understand the functional subsets of placental macrophages and to identify therapeutic targets of pregnancy associated diseases.
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Liu Y. scDeconv: an R package to deconvolve bulk DNA methylation data with scRNA-seq data and paired bulk RNA-DNA methylation data. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6572659. [PMID: 35453146 PMCID: PMC9271220 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many DNA methylation (DNAm) data are from tissues composed of various cell types, and hence cell deconvolution methods are needed to infer their cell compositions accurately. However, a bottleneck for DNAm data is the lack of cell-type-specific DNAm references. On the other hand, scRNA-seq data are being accumulated rapidly with various cell-type transcriptomic signatures characterized, and also, many paired bulk RNA-DNAm data are publicly available currently. Hence, we developed the R package scDeconv to use these resources to solve the reference deficiency problem of DNAm data and deconvolve them from scRNA-seq data in a trans-omics manner. It assumes that paired samples have similar cell compositions. So the cell content information deconvolved from the scRNA-seq and paired RNA data can be transferred to the paired DNAm samples. Then an ensemble model is trained to fit these cell contents with DNAm features and adjust the paired RNA deconvolution in a co-training manner. Finally, the model can be used on other bulk DNAm data to predict their relative cell-type abundances. The effectiveness of this method is proved by its accurate deconvolution on the three testing datasets here, and if given an appropriate paired dataset, scDeconv can also deconvolve other omics, such as ATAC-seq data. Furthermore, the package also contains other functions, such as identifying cell-type-specific inter-group differential features from bulk DNAm data. scDeconv is available at: https://github.com/yuabrahamliu/scDeconv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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13
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Early Pregnancy Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution among Late-Onset Preeclamptic Cases Is Associated with Placental DNA Hypomethylation of Specific Genes and Slower Placental Maturation. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9120338. [PMID: 34941772 PMCID: PMC8708250 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia (PE). Some suggested mechanisms behind this association are changes in placental DNA methylation and gene expression. The objective of this study was to identify how early pregnancy exposure to ambient nitrogen oxides (NOx) among PE cases and normotensive controls influence DNA methylation (EPIC array) and gene expression (RNA-seq). The study included placentas from 111 women (29 PE cases/82 controls) in Scania, Sweden. First-trimester NOx exposure was assessed at the participants’ residence using a dispersion model and categorized via median split into high or low NOx. Placental gestational epigenetic age was derived from the DNA methylation data. We identified six differentially methylated positions (DMPs, q < 0.05) comparing controls with low NOx vs. cases with high NOx and 14 DMPs comparing cases and controls with high NOx. Placentas with female fetuses showed more DMPs (N = 309) than male-derived placentas (N = 1). Placentas from PE cases with high NOx demonstrated gestational age deceleration compared to controls with low NOx (p = 0.034). No differentially expressed genes (DEGs, q < 0.05) were found. In conclusion, early pregnancy exposure to NOx affected placental DNA methylation in PE, resulting in placental immaturity and showing sexual dimorphism.
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Hu XH, Li ZH, Muyayalo KP, Wang LL, Liu CY, Mor G, Liao AH. A newly intervention strategy in preeclampsia: Targeting PD-1/Tim-3 signaling pathways to modulate the polarization of decidual macrophages. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22073. [PMID: 34847253 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101306r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) are important immune checkpoint receptors that prevent an overreacted maternal immune response to fetal antigens during pregnancy. Disruption of complex immune regulation mechanisms is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia (PE). Our recent study showed that the Tim-3 pathway was involved in the regulation of decidual macrophage polarization. Decidual macrophages polarized to the M1 phenotype may impair uterine vessel remodeling during placentation, accounting for the occurrence of PE. Co-blockade of the PD-1/Tim-3 pathway was shown to successfully control tumor growth in preclinical cancer models. However, the effects of activating both PD-1 and Tim-3 pathways as a combined intervention strategy in PE are never reported. Herein, we observed the skew of decidual macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype in patients with PE and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PE-like rat model. Moreover, we found that the activation of PD-1/Tim-3 pathway by using PD-L1 and Gal-9 fusion proteins could alleviate the manifestation of the LPS-induced PE-like rats and protect their offspring. Compared with the single intervention, the combination of PD-L1and Gal-9 fusion proteins exhibited obvious advantages in the relief of PE-like symptoms, trophoblast invasion, and fetal vascular development, indicating a synergistic effect of the activated PD-1/Tim-3 pathway. The in vitro study also revealed that the combined intervention using PD-L1 and Gal-9 fusion proteins inhibited the LPS-induced M1 macrophage polarization via the synergic activation of the ERK/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Together, our findings provide the first evidence that simultaneous activation of PD-1/Tim-3 signaling pathways may have an optimal protective effect and serve as a new potential target for PE intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Hu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kahindo P Muyayalo
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Ling Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Yan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gil Mor
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ai-Hua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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White M, Grynspan D, Van Mieghem T, Connor KL. Isolated fetal neural tube defects associate with increased risk of placental pathology: Evidence from the Collaborative Perinatal Project. Placenta 2021; 114:56-67. [PMID: 34479062 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neural tube defects (NTDs) are amongst the most common congenital anomalies and are associated with significant postnatal morbidity, but also with a higher incidence of low birthweight and fetal growth restriction. Despite the placenta being a critical determinant of fetal growth, placental development has not been extensively studied in fetuses with NTDs. METHODS We performed a matched case-cohort study using data from the Collaborative Perinatal Project to assess the risk of placental pathology in pregnancies with an isolated fetal NTD (cases; n = 74) compared to those without any congenital anomalies (controls; n = 148). We hypothesised that cases would be at an increased risk of placental pathology compared to controls. Data were analysed using adjusted generalized linear and nominal logistic regression models. Results are presented as adjusted β or adjusted odds ratio (aOR; 95% confidence interval). RESULTS Cases had lower placental weight (β = -22.2 g [-37.8 to -6.6]), surface area (β = -9.6 cm2 [-18.3 to -1.0]) and birth length z-scores (β = -0.4 [-0.7 to -0.001]) compared to controls. Cases were more likely to have a single umbilical artery (vs. two; 6 [8.1%] vs. 1 [0.7%]; aOR = 301 [52.6-1726]), placental hypermaturity (9 [12.2%] vs. 5 [3.4%]; aOR = 6.8 [3.1-14.7]), many (vs. few) Hofbauer cells (9 [12.2%] vs. 7 [4.7%]; aOR = 3.02 [1.2-7.3]), and stromal fibrosis (9 [12.2%] vs. 10 [6.8%]; aOR = 3.0 [1.4-6.3]) in placental terminal villi compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Fetuses with isolated NTDs may be at increased risk of placental pathology, which could be contributing to poor fetal growth in these pregnancies and subsequent postnatal morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina White
- Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - David Grynspan
- Vernon Jubilee Hospital, Vernon, BC, V1T 5L2, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Tim Van Mieghem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Kristin L Connor
- Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Ji ZS, Jiang H, Xie Y, Wei QP, Yin XF, Ye JH, Quan XZ, Lan YL, Zhao M, Tian XL, Zhang YJ, Yang XZ. Chemerin promotes the pathogenesis of preeclampsia by activating CMKLR1/p-Akt/CEBPɑ axis and inducing M1 macrophage polarization. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:611-628. [PMID: 34398343 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A higher ratio of M1/M2 macrophages and an elevated chemerin level are both related to increased risk of preeclampsia. However, the crosstalk between these two events and their collective contribution to preeclampsia are not well understood. In this study, we assessed the impacts of chemerin chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1)/p-Akt/CEBPα axis in regulating macrophage polarization and mediating the pathogenic effects of chemerin on preeclampsia. We showed that chemerin, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, stimulated M1 macrophage polarization, inhibited macrophage-induced trophoblast invasion and migration, and suppressed macrophage-mediated angiogenesis. All these chemerin-induced phenotypes are essentially mediated by sequentially CMKLR1, Akt activation, and CEBPα. Mechanistically, CEBPα acted as a transcriptional activator for both IRF8 and chemerin. In vivo, chemerin aggravated preeclampsia, while α-NETA, an inhibitor for CMKLR1, significantly suppressed M1 macrophage polarization and alleviated preeclampsia. In summary, chemerin, by activating CMKLR1/Akt/CEBPα axis, forms a positive feedback loop, promotes M1 macrophage polarization, suppresses trophoblast migration/invasion and angiogenesis, and contributes to preeclampsia. Therefore, targeting chemerin signaling may benefit the prevention and/or treatment of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Song Ji
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Peng Wei
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hai Ye
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Quan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Li Lan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Long Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Zhou Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Tauber Z, Cizkova K. The anti-inflammatory role of placental Hofbauer cells is altered in patients with chorioamnionitis: Are CYP2C8 and soluble epoxide hydrolase involved in immunomodulation? BIOMEDICAL PAPERS OF THE MEDICAL FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY PALACKY, OLOMOUC, CZECHOSLOVAKIA 2021; 166:267-273. [PMID: 33976432 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are placental macrophages playing various roles during normal and complicated pregnancies, and of the latter, chorioamnionitis is the most frequent. METHODS In placenta with chorioamnionitis, we examined immunohistochemical expression profiles of IL-1β, IL-10, and their potential regulators, CYP2C8 and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), in Hofbauer cells and compared the results with our previously published data for normal placenta. RESULTS We found that the expression profiles of the studied proteins in Hofbauer cells in chorioamnionitis differs from normal placenta. In chorioamnionitis, HBCs showed a moderate expression of IL-1β together with a weak expression of IL-10 and CYP2C8. Contrary to normal placenta, HBCs in chorioamnionitis express sEH. We demonstrated a moderate positive correlation between the expression of CYP2C8 and sEH in chorioamnionitis (Spearman r = 0.5654), suggesting enhanced degradation of anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Moreover, the relations of IL-1β and IL-10 to CYP2C8, previously described in normal placenta, disappeared. Furthermore, a weak expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in chorioamnionitis was accompanied by change in circularity of HBCs (Spearman r = 0.8193). CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest a possible alteration of the anti-inflammatory role of HBCs and its regulation in chorioamnionitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Tauber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
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18
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Bilici G, Ural C, Saçik U, Çavdar Z, Erbil G. The effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on placental Hofbauer cells of pregnant rats. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:126-135. [PMID: 33845696 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1912828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of maternal thyroid disorders on Hofbauer cells of both the placenta and the fetus in pregnant rats. We divided 21 rats into three groups: control group, induced hypothyroidism (hypo) group and induced hyperthyroidism (hyper) group. Hypothyroidism was induced using propylthiouracil and hyperthyroidism was induced using L-thyroxine. We measured maternal weight, maternal free thyroxine, fetal weight, fetal viability and placental morphology. At the end of the experiment, fetuses of the hypo and hyper groups were less developed than those of the control group. In the hypo and hyper groups, the thickness of the labyrinth zone was decreased, but thickness of the basal zone and decidua basalis was increased. The number of Hofbauer cells was increased in both the hypo and hyper groups. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was increased in both the hypo and hyper groups compared to controls. Our findings indicate that maternal thyroid disorders exert a negative effect on fetal growth and placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçen Bilici
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cemre Ural
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Uygar Saçik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zahide Çavdar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Güven Erbil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
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Vishnyakova P, Poltavets A, Nikitina M, Muminova K, Potapova A, Vtorushina V, Loginova N, Midiber K, Mikhaleva L, Lokhonina A, Khodzhaeva Z, Pyregov A, Elchaninov A, Fatkhudinov T, Sukhikh G. Preeclampsia: inflammatory signature of decidual cells in early manifestation of disease. Placenta 2021; 104:277-283. [PMID: 33472135 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific complication characterized by hypertension in combination with proteinuria and/or various manifestations of multiple organ failure. It is believed that etiology of preeclampsia lies in dysfunction of the placenta and disorder of the maternal-fetal interactions. In preeclampsia decidual membrane, the maternal part of the placenta which normally supports immunological tolerance of the maternal organism to the semi-allogeneic fetus, becomes a site of inflammation. METHODS The aim of our study was to characterize the phenotype of decidual macrophages and plasma profiles in patients with late- and early-onset preeclampsia as compared with controls (n = 43). Decidual cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion method and characterized by flow cytometry analysis, real-time PCR, bioinformatics analysis, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Plasma samples were analyzed by multiplex assay. RESULTS The number of inflammation-associated CD86+ and CX3CR1+ cells was significantly higher in the early-onset preeclampsia while the portion of CD163+ cells was significantly higher among studied groups. We observed significant increase of endothelin-1 gene expression and a significant decrease in eNOS and GNB3 expression and TGFβ relative protein level in decidual cells of the early-onset preeclampsia samples. We also revealed elevation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in plasma of preeclampsia groups. DISCUSSION Our findings reflect profound early-onset preeclampsia-associated alterations in the decidua and emphasize the importance of the decidua as a link in the development of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vishnyakova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A Poltavets
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Nikitina
- Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Moscow, Russia
| | - K Muminova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Potapova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Vtorushina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - N Loginova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - K Midiber
- Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Moscow, Russia
| | - L Mikhaleva
- Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Lokhonina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Z Khodzhaeva
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Pyregov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - T Fatkhudinov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Tauber Z, Foltynkova T, Cizkova K. Morphometric analysis of Hofbauer cells in normal placenta and chorioamnionitis in humans. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 50:396-403. [PMID: 33305867 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hofbauer cells are macrophages residing in the stroma of placental villi and play a number of roles during normal pregnancy, as well as pathological conditions. A morphometric analysis of Hofbauer cells, in particular to investigate the number of cells, their size and shape in samples of normal human placenta from 1st trimester, term and with chorioamnionitis was performed. Tissue samples were immunostained for CD206 antigen and evaluated using ImageJ software. We detected significant changes in number and morphology of HBCs between normal placenta and placenta with chorioamnionitis samples. In chorioamnionitis, the cells were unevenly distributed within the villi, generally present in higher numbers, larger and more elongated than those in normal 1st trimester and term placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Tauber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Foltynkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Mezouar S, Katsogiannou M, Ben Amara A, Bretelle F, Mege JL. Placental macrophages: Origin, heterogeneity, function and role in pregnancy-associated infections. Placenta 2020; 103:94-103. [PMID: 33120051 PMCID: PMC7568513 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Placental macrophages are a heterogenous population of immune cells present throughout pregnancy. They are essential for maintenance of the homeostatic placenta environment and host defense against infections. The characterization of placental macrophages as well as their activation have been limited for a long time by the lack of convenient tools. The emergence of unbiased methods makes it possible to reappraise the study of placental macrophages. In this review, we discuss the diversity and the functions of placental macrophages to better understand their dysfunctions during placental infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU - Mediterranean Infection, Marseille, France.
| | - Maria Katsogiannou
- Hôpital Saint Joseph, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, FR-13008, Marseille, France
| | - Amira Ben Amara
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU - Mediterranean Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Bretelle
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU - Mediterranean Infection, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Gynecology Department, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU - Mediterranean Infection, Marseille, France; AP-HM, UF Immunology, Marseille, France.
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22
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Gierman LM, Silva GB, Pervaiz Z, Rakner JJ, Mundal SB, Thaning AJ, Nervik I, Elschot M, Mathew S, Thomsen LCV, Bjørge L, Iversen AC. TLR3 expression by maternal and fetal cells at the maternal-fetal interface in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:173-183. [PMID: 32573856 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0620-728rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress at the maternal-fetal interface characterize the placental dysfunction that underlies the pregnancy disorder preeclampsia. Specialized fetal trophoblasts directly interact with leukocytes at both sites of the maternal-fetal interface; the uterine wall decidua; and the placenta. TLR3 has been implicated in the harmful inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface in preeclampsia, but the cellular involvement in the decidua and placenta has not been determined. This study aimed to characterize and quantify cell-specific TLR3 expression and function at the maternal-fetal interface in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. TLR3 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantified by a novel image-based and cell-specific quantitation method. TLR3 was expressed at the maternal-fetal interface by all decidual and placental trophoblast types and by maternal and fetal leukocytes. Placental, but not decidual, TLR3 expression was significantly higher in preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancies. This increase was attributed to placental intravillous tissue and associated with both moderate and severe placental dysfunction. TLR3 pathway functionality in the decidua and placenta was confirmed by TLR3 ligand-induced cytokine response, but the TLR3 expression levels did not correlate between the two sites. In conclusion, functional TLR3 was broadly expressed by maternal and fetal cells at both sites of the maternal-fetal interface and the placental intravillous expression was increased in preeclampsia. This suggests TLR3-mediated inflammatory involvement with local regulation at both sites of the maternal-fetal interface in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobke M Gierman
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gabriela B Silva
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zahra Pervaiz
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johanne J Rakner
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siv B Mundal
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid J Thaning
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingunn Nervik
- Cellular & Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mattijs Elschot
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Seema Mathew
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liv Cecilie V Thomsen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Bjørge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ann-Charlotte Iversen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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23
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Sharps MC, Baker BC, Guevara T, Bischof H, Jones RL, Greenwood SL, Heazell AEP. Increased placental macrophages and a pro-inflammatory profile in placentas and maternal serum in infants with a decreased growth rate in the third trimester of pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13267. [PMID: 32421915 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM There is growing evidence for the role of placental inflammation in the pathophysiology of pregnancy complications including fetal growth restriction (FGR). This study aimed to characterize the inflammatory profile in the maternal circulation and the placenta of infants who were growth restricted and those that were small for gestational age (SGA). METHOD OF STUDY Placental villous tissue and maternal serum were obtained from pregnancies where infants were SGA at birth or who had a decreasing growth rate (≥25 centiles) across the third trimester. Immunohistochemical and histological analyses of placental samples were conducted for macrophage number, alongside vascular and cell turnover analysis. Inflammatory profile was analyzed in maternal and placental compartments via ELISAs and multiplex assays. RESULTS There were significantly more CD163+ macrophages in placentas of infants with a decreased growth rate compared to controls, but not in SGA infants (median 8.6/ nuclei vs 3.8 and 2.9, P = .008 and P = .003, respectively). Uric acid (P = .0007) and IL-8 (P = .0008) were increased in placentas, and S100A8 (P < .0002) was increased in maternal serum of infants with decreased growth rate. No changes in the maternal serum or placental lysates of SGA infants were observed. CONCLUSION The evidence of an altered inflammatory profile in infants with a decreasing growth rate, but not in those that were born SGA, provides further evidence that inflammation plays a role in true FGR. It remains unclear whether the increased placental macrophages occur as a direct result, or as a consequence of the pro-inflammatory environment observed in fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Sharps
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Tommy's Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, 5th Floor St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bernadette C Baker
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Tommy's Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, 5th Floor St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tatiana Guevara
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Tommy's Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, 5th Floor St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Bischof
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Tommy's Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, 5th Floor St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca L Jones
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Tommy's Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, 5th Floor St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Susan L Greenwood
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Tommy's Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, 5th Floor St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander E P Heazell
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Tommy's Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, 5th Floor St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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24
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Schliefsteiner C, Ibesich S, Wadsack C. Placental Hofbauer Cell Polarization Resists Inflammatory Cues In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030736. [PMID: 31979196 PMCID: PMC7038058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Feto-placental Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are macrophages residing in placental stroma. They are generally described as anti-inflammatory M2 polarized cells, promoting tolerance and tissue remodeling. In certain pathologies, however, a possible phenotypical switch towards pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages has been proposed. The study aimed to determine if HBCs can acquire an M1 phenotype under pro-inflammatory conditions in vitro. HBCs were isolated from healthy human term placentas. Cells were cultivated upon addition of LPS and INF-γ or IL-4 and IL-13 to induce the M1 and M2 phenotype, respectively. Specific cell polarization markers and cytokines, associated with respective phenotypes, were investigated by flow cytometry and ELISA. THP-1 macrophages served as positive control. Pro-inflammatory stimuli reduced M2 markers CD163 and DC-SIGN, but did not induce M1 markers. TNF-α release was increased, but at the same time TGF-β and IL-10 release was upregulated, resembling in part the M2b sub-phenotype. Anti-inflammatory stimuli had no effect on HBC polarization. HBCs maintain their M2 phenotype in vitro despite inflammatory stimuli, which might represent a state of adaption and tolerance to avoid rejection of the semiallogeneic feto-placental unit.
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25
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Leavey K, Grynspan D, Cox BJ. Both “canonical” and “immunological” preeclampsia subtypes demonstrate changes in placental immune cell composition. Placenta 2019; 83:53-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.06.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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26
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Vishnyakova P, Elchaninov A, Fatkhudinov T, Sukhikh G. Role of the Monocyte-Macrophage System in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153695. [PMID: 31357698 PMCID: PMC6696152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper functioning of the monocyte-macrophage system, an important unit of innate immunity, ensures the normal course of pregnancy. In this review, we present the current data on the origin of the monocyte-macrophage system and its functioning in the female reproductive system during the ovarian cycle, and over the course of both normal and complicated pregnancy. Preeclampsia is a crucial gestation disorder characterized by pronounced inflammation in the maternal body that affects the work of the monocyte-macrophage system. The effects of inflammation at preeclampsia manifest in changes in monocyte counts and their subset composition, and changes in placental macrophage counts and their polarization. Here we summarize the recent data on this issue for both the maternal organism and the fetus. The influence of estrogen on macrophages and their altered levels in preeclampsia are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Vishnyakova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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27
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Chu A, Najafzadeh P, Sullivan P, Cone B, Elshimali R, Shakeri H, Janzen C, Mah V, Wadehra M. Aldehyde dehydrogenase isoforms and inflammatory cell populations are differentially expressed in term human placentas affected by intrauterine growth restriction. Placenta 2019; 81:9-17. [PMID: 31138432 PMCID: PMC6719708 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a complication of pregnancy that has both short- and long-term sequelae for affected mothers and offspring. The pathophysiology of disease stems from poor nutrient and oxygen provision to the fetus, resulting in increased oxidative stress within the placenta. As the milieu within the local microenvironment alters macrophage differentiation, we hypothesized that macrophage plasticity may be altered in placentas associated with IUGR, and that macrophages would show hallmarks of lipid peroxidation including altered aldehyde metabolism. METHODS In human placentas taken from normal pregnancies resulting in appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) newborns and placentas associated with IUGR, placental macrophages were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and shown in IUGR to resemble pro-inflammatory activated M1-type macrophages. To link oxidative stress to macrophages, the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDHs) isozymes ALDH1, ALDH2, and ALDH3 was assessed. RESULTS All three isozymes displayed preferential staining for distinct cellular populations within the term human placenta. ALDH1 and ALDH2 were strongly expressed in placental Hofbauer and decidual stromal cells. ALDH3, in contrast, was present in extravillous trophoblasts. Comparing AGA and IUGR-associated placentas, ALDH1 and ALDH2 trended to have greater expression in macrophage populations but lower expression in decidual cell populations in IUGR-associated placentas. ALDH3 had higher expression in IUGR-associated placentas but localized specifically to extravillous trophoblast populations. CONCLUSION Therefore, we speculate that specific ALDH isozymes have cell-specific functions related to differentiation, inflammation, or oxidative stress responses that are altered in IUGR-associated term human placentas. This family of isozymes may be a novel method to identify human placentas affected by placental insufficiency/IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 LeConte Avenue, Room B2-375 MDCC, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Parisa Najafzadeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 4525 MacDonald Research Laboratories, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Peggy Sullivan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 4525 MacDonald Research Laboratories, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Brian Cone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 4525 MacDonald Research Laboratories, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ryan Elshimali
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 4525 MacDonald Research Laboratories, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Hania Shakeri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 4525 MacDonald Research Laboratories, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Carla Janzen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Room 22-172, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Vei Mah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 4525 MacDonald Research Laboratories, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 4525 MacDonald Research Laboratories, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 8-684 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Charles Drew University, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA.
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28
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Yao Y, Xu XH, Jin L. Macrophage Polarization in Physiological and Pathological Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:792. [PMID: 31037072 PMCID: PMC6476302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunology of pregnancy is complex and poorly defined. During the complex process of pregnancy, macrophages secrete many cytokines/chemokines and play pivotal roles in the maintenance of maternal-fetal tolerance. Here, we summarized the current knowledge of macrophage polarization and the mechanisms involved in physiological or pathological pregnancy processes, including miscarriage, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Although current evidence provides a compelling argument that macrophages are important in pregnancy, our understanding of the roles and mechanisms of macrophages in pregnancy is still rudimentary. Since macrophages exhibit functional plasticity, they may be ideal targets for therapeutic manipulation during pathological pregnancy. Additional studies are needed to better define the functions and mechanisms of various macrophage subsets in both normal and pathological pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Yao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Jin
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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29
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Gene Expression Profiling of Placenta from Normal to Pathological Pregnancies. Placenta 2018. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.80551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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30
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Reyes L, Golos TG. Hofbauer Cells: Their Role in Healthy and Complicated Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2628. [PMID: 30498493 PMCID: PMC6249321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hofbauer cells are placental villous macrophages of fetal origin that are present throughout pregnancy. Although Hofbauer cell populations are antigenically and morphologically heterogeneous, their epigenetic, antigenic, and functional profiles most closely resemble alternatively activated macrophages or what are referred to as M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d polarity subtypes. Consistent with an M2-like profile, these cells play an important role in placental development including vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. During placental inflammation Hofbauer cells may produce pro-inflammatory cytokines or mediators that damage the villous cell barrier, and induce fibrotic responses within the villi as a continuum of chronic inflammation. However, to date, there is no evidence that Hofbauer cells become classically activated or adopt an M1 polarity phenotype that is able to kill microbes. To the contrary, their predominant M2 like qualities may be why these cells are ineffective in controlling most TORCH infections. Moreover, Hofbauer cells may contribute to vertical transmission of various pathogens to the fetus since they can harbor live virus and serve as reservoirs within the placenta. The goal of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the role of Hofbauer cells in normal and complicated pregnancies that involve immunologic disorders, inflammation, and/or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Reyes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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31
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Zuckerwise L, Li J, Lu L, Men Y, Geng T, Buhimschi CS, Buhimschi IA, Bukowski R, Guller S, Paidas M, Huang Y. H19 long noncoding RNA alters trophoblast cell migration and invasion by regulating TβR3 in placentae with fetal growth restriction. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38398-38407. [PMID: 27223264 PMCID: PMC5122399 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a well-recognized risk factor for perinatal mortality and morbidity, as well as neurodevelopmental impairment and adulthood onset disorders. Here we report that the H19 long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is significantly decreased in placentae from pregnancies with FGR. Downregulation of H19 leads to reduced migration and invasion of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells in vitro. This is consistent with reduced trophoblast invasion that has been observed in FGR. Genome-scale transcriptome profiling of EVT cells reveals significantly decreased expression of the type III TGF-β receptor (TβR3) following H19 knockdown. Decreased TβR3 expression is also seen in FGR placentae. TβR3 repression decreases EVT cell migration and invasion, owing to impaired TGF-β signaling through a non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathway. Further, we identify TβR3 as a novel regulatory target of microRNA let-7. We propose that dysregulation of this newly identified H19/TβR3-mediated regulatory pathway may contribute to the molecular mechanism of FGR. Our findings are the first to show a lncRNA-based mechanism of FGR, holding promise for the development of novel predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic modalities for FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zuckerwise
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Deparment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yi Men
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Catalin S Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Irina A Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Radek Bukowski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Seth Guller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Paidas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Women and Children's Center for Blood Disorders and Preeclampsia Advancement, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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32
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Zhang YH, He M, Wang Y, Liao AH. Modulators of the Balance between M1 and M2 Macrophages during Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:120. [PMID: 28232836 PMCID: PMC5299000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a subset of mononuclear phagocytes of the innate immune system with high plasticity and heterogeneity. At the maternal–fetal interface, macrophages are present in all stages of pregnancy and involved in a variety of activities, including regulation of immune cell activities, decidualization, placental cell invasion, angiogenesis, parturition, and postpartum uterine involution. The activation state and function of uterine–placental macrophages are largely dependent on the local tissue microenvironment. However, disruption of the uterine microenvironment can have profound effects on macrophage activity and subsequently impact pregnancy outcome. Thus, appropriately and timely regulated macrophage polarization has been considered a key determinant of successful pregnancy. Targeting macrophage polarization might be an efficient strategy for maintaining maternal–fetal immune homeostasis and a normal pregnancy. Here, we will review the latest findings regarding the modulators regulating macrophage polarization in healthy pregnancies and pregnancy complications, which might provide a basis for macrophage-centered therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Zhang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , P.R. China
| | - Ming He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province , Wuhan , P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province , Wuhan , P.R. China
| | - Ai-Hua Liao
- Family Planning Research Institute, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , P.R. China
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33
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Simoni MK, Jurado KA, Abrahams VM, Fikrig E, Guller S. Zika virus infection of Hofbauer cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 77:10.1111/aji.12613. [PMID: 27966815 PMCID: PMC5299062 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have linked antenatal infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) with major adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes, including microcephaly. There is a growing consensus for the existence of a congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Previous studies have indicated that non-placental macrophages play a key role in the replication of dengue virus (DENV), a closely related flavivirus. As the placenta provides the conduit for vertical transmission of certain viruses, and placental Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are fetal-placental macrophages located adjacent to fetal capillaries, it is not surprising that several recent studies have examined infection of HBCs by ZIKV. In this review, we describe congenital abnormalities associated with ZIKV infection, the role of HBCs in the placental response to infection, and evidence for the susceptibility of HBCs to ZIKV infection. We conclude that HBCs may contribute to the spread of ZIKV in placenta and promote vertical transmission of ZIKV, ultimately compromising fetal and neonatal development and function. Current evidence strongly suggests that further studies are warranted to dissect the specific molecular mechanism through which ZIKV infects HBCs and its potential impact on the development of CZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Simoni
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kellie Ann Jurado
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vikki M. Abrahams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Seth Guller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Castaño E, Caviedes L, Hirsch S, Llanos M, Iñiguez G, Ronco AM. Folate Transporters in Placentas from Preterm Newborns and Their Relation to Cord Blood Folate and Vitamin B12 Levels. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170389. [PMID: 28103309 PMCID: PMC5245900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate deficiency during pregnancy has been related to low birth weight, preterm (PT) birth and other health risks in the offspring; however, it is unknown whether prematurity is related to low folate transport through the placenta due to altered expression of specific folate transporters. We determined placental expression (mRNA and protein concentrations by RT-qPCR and WB respectively) of specific folate transporters: RFC, PCFT/HCP1 and FOLR1 in chorionic (fetal) and basal (maternal) plates of placentas of PT pregnancies (PT, 32–36 weeks, n = 51). Term placentas were used as controls (T, 37–41 weeks, n = 47). Folates and vitamin B12 levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence in umbilical cord blood of newborns. FOLR1 mRNA expression was lower and protein concentration higher in PT placentas (both plates) relative to the control group (p <0.05). In addition, gestational age was positively correlated with mRNA expression (Rho = 0.7), and negatively with protein concentration (Rho = -0.7 for chorionic and -0.43 for basal plate). PCFT/HCP1 mRNA was lower in PT placentas, without changes in protein levels. RFC did not differ in PT placentas compared to controls. PT newborns presented higher cord blood folate level (p = 0.049) along with lower vitamin B12 concentration compared to controls (p = 0.037).In conclusion, placental FOLR1 mRNA was positively associated with gestational age. Conversely, FOLR1 protein concentrations along with folate/vitamin B12 ratio in cord blood were negatively associated with gestational age. Placental FOLR1 is likely the main placental folate transporter to the fetus in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Castaño
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Regulation, Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Dr. Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Caviedes
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Regulation, Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Dr. Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Hirsch
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Regulation, Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Dr. Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Llanos
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Regulation, Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Dr. Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Germán Iñiguez
- Mother and Child Research Institute, Division of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Ronco
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Regulation, Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Dr. Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Pregnancy complications such as preterm birth, miscarriage, maternal and/or neonatal morbidities, and mortality can be manifestations of underlying placental pathology. Hofbauer cells refer to a heterogeneous population of fetal macrophages that reside within the functional unit of the placenta known as the chorionic villus. Hofbauer cells can be detected within the connective tissue matrix of the placenta as early as 4 weeks post-conception and are present throughout pregnancy. These cells are implicated in a wide array of functions important for a successful pregnancy including placental morphogenesis, immune regulation, control of stromal water content, and the transfer of ions and serum proteins across the maternal-fetal barrier. Derangements in Hofbauer cell homeostasis are associated with placental pathologies involving infection, inflammation, and inadequate placental development. Despite a growing body of evidence that these cells are important, our knowledge about Hofbauer cell function in both normal and dysfunctional pregnancy is rudimentary. The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of what is known about Hofbauer cell origins and their potential roles in normal and complicated pregnancy. We also review established and emerging methodologies available for the study of Hofbauer cells during in vitro and in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Reyes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Bryce Wolfe
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Loegl J, Hiden U, Nussbaumer E, Schliefsteiner C, Cvitic S, Lang I, Wadsack C, Huppertz B, Desoye G. Hofbauer cells of M2a, M2b and M2c polarization may regulate feto-placental angiogenesis. Reproduction 2016; 152:447-55. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human placenta comprises a special type of tissue macrophages, the Hofbauer cells (HBC), which exhibit M2 macrophage phenotype. Several subtypes of M2-polarized macrophages (M2a, M2b and M2c) exist in almost all tissues. Macrophage polarization depends on the way of macrophage activation and leads to the expression of specific cell surface markers and the acquisition of specific functions, including tissue remodeling and the promotion of angiogenesis. The placenta is a highly vascularized and rapidly growing organ, suggesting a role of HBC in feto-placental angiogenesis. We here aimed to characterize the specific polarization and phenotype of HBC and investigated the role of HBC in feto-placental angiogenesis. Therefore, HBC were isolated from third trimester placentas and their phenotype was determined by the presence of cell surface markers (FACS analysis) and secretion of cytokines (ELISA). HBC conditioned medium (CM) was analyzed for pro-angiogenic factors, and the effect of HBC CM on angiogenesis, proliferation and chemoattraction of isolated primary feto-placental endothelial cells (fpEC) was determined in vitro. Our results revealed that isolated HBC possess an M2 polarization, with M2a, M2b and M2c characteristics. HBC secreted the pro-angiogenic molecules VEGF and FGF2. Furthermore, HBC CM stimulated the in vitro angiogenesis of fpEC. However, compared with control medium, chemoattraction of fpEC toward HBC CM was reduced. Proliferation of fpEC was not affected by HBC CM. These findings demonstrate a paracrine regulation of feto-placental angiogenesis by HBC in vitro. Based on our collective results, we propose that the changes in HBC number or phenotype may affect feto-placental angiogenesis.
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Correa PJ, Palmeiro Y, Soto MJ, Ugarte C, Illanes SE. Etiopathogenesis, prediction, and prevention of preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2016; 35:280-94. [DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2016.1181180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Correa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Y. Palmeiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - M. J. Soto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - C. Ugarte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - S. E. Illanes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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Zhao G, Miao H, Li X, Chen S, Hu Y, Wang Z, Hou Y. TGF-β3-induced miR-494 inhibits macrophage polarization via suppressing PGE2 secretion in mesenchymal stem cells. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1602-13. [PMID: 27149081 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal macrophage polarization at the maternal-fetal interface may contribute to the development of Preeclampsia (PE). The reason why macrophage polarization changed in PE is still unclear. Decidual mesenchymal stem cells (dMSCs) could regulate macrophage polarization. However, miRNA in dMSCs of PE were maladjusted. Therefore, we speculated that miRNA may affect dMSC-regulated macrophage polarization. In this study, we found that miR-494-overexpressed dMSCs inhibit M2 macrophage polarization and this inhibitory effect is mediated by miR-494-reduced PGE2 secretion. Furthermore, we proved that miR-494 is induced by TGF-β3. In summary, our findings suggest that the high expression of TGF-β3 in PE decidua stimulates miR-494 in dMSCs and attenuates the regulation of MSC switching the macrophage toward M2 type, contributing to an immune imbalance at maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfeng Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, China
| | - Huishuang Miao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Xiujun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, China
| | - Shiwen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, China
| | - Yali Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Folic acid alone or multivitamin containing folic acid intake during pregnancy and the risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia through meta-analyses. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2016; 59:110-5. [PMID: 27004201 PMCID: PMC4796080 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2016.59.2.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to assess the effect of folic acid and multivitamin use during pregnancy on the risk of developing of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Methods Two reviewers independently determined all prospective cohort study, retrospective cohort study, large population based cohort study, retrospective secondary analysis, and double blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial published using PubMed Medline database, KERIS (Korea Education and Research Information Service), Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials comparing before conception throughout pregnancy intake oral multivitamin containing folic acid or folic acid alone. Meta-analyses were estimated with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random effect analysis according to heterogeneity of studies. Results Data from six effect sizes from six studies involving 201,661 patients were enrolled. These meta-analyses showed multivitamin containing folic acid or folic acid alone was not significantly effective in reducing gestational hypertension or preeclampsia incidence (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.03) than the placebo. And the difference of effective sizes of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension according to two dependent variables, multivitamin and folic acid were not significant, respectively (point estimate, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.96). Conclusion These meta-analyses demonstrate multivitamin containing folic acid or folic acid alone was not significantly effective in reducing gestational hypertension or preeclampsia incidence.
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Brown MB, von Chamier M, Allam AB, Reyes L. M1/M2 macrophage polarity in normal and complicated pregnancy. Front Immunol 2014; 5:606. [PMID: 25505471 PMCID: PMC4241843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue macrophages play an important role in all stages of pregnancy, including uterine stromal remodeling (decidualization) before embryo implantation, parturition, and post-partum uterine involution. The activation state and function of utero-placental macrophages are largely dependent on the local tissue microenvironment. Thus, macrophages are involved in a variety of activities such as regulation of immune cell activities, placental cell invasion, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Disruption of the uterine microenvironment, particularly during the early stages of pregnancy (decidualization, implantation, and placentation) can have profound effects on macrophage activity and subsequently impact pregnancy outcome. In this review, we will provide an overview of the temporal and spatial regulation of utero-placental macrophage activation during normal pregnancy in human beings and rodents with a focus on more recent findings. We will also discuss the role of M1/M2 dysregulation within the intrauterine environment during adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Brown
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Maria von Chamier
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Ayman B Allam
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Leticia Reyes
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
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Kemse NG, Kale AA, Joshi SR. A combined supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids and micronutrients (folic acid, vitamin B12) reduces oxidative stress markers in a rat model of pregnancy induced hypertension. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111902. [PMID: 25405347 PMCID: PMC4236044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Our earlier studies have highlighted that an altered one carbon metabolism (vitamin B12, folic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) is associated with preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is also known to be associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. The current study examines whether maternal folic acid, vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation given either individually or in combination can ameliorate the oxidative stress markers in a rat model of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Materials and Methods Pregnant Wistar rats were assigned to control and five treatment groups: PIH; PIH + vitamin B12; PIH + folic acid; PIH + Omega-3 fatty acids and PIH + combined micronutrient supplementation (vitamin B12 + folic acid + omega-3 fatty acids). L-Nitroarginine methylester (L-NAME; 50 mg/kg body weight/day) was used to induce hypertension during pregnancy. Blood Pressure (BP) was recorded during pregnancy and dams were dissected at d20 of gestation. Results Animals from the PIH group demonstrated higher (p<0.01 for both) systolic and diastolic BP; lower (p<0.01) pup weight; higher dam plasma homocysteine (p<0.05) and dam and offspring malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.01), lower (p<0.05) placental and offspring liver DHA and higher (p<0.01) tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNF–ά) levels as compared to control. Individual micronutrient supplementation did not offer much benefit. In contrast, combined supplementation lowered systolic BP, homocysteine, MDA and placental TNF-ά levels in dams and liver MDA and protein carbonyl in the offspring as compared to PIH group. Conclusion Key constituents of one carbon cycle (folic acid, vitamin B12 and DHA) may play a role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha G. Kemse
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Anvita A. Kale
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Sadhana R. Joshi
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
- * E-mail:
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