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Lee S, Yoo I, Cheon Y, Ka H. Complement system molecules: Expression and regulation at the maternal-conceptus interface during pregnancy in pigs. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 159:105229. [PMID: 39004297 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The complement system, composed of complement components and complement control proteins, plays an essential role in innate immunity. Complement system molecules are expressed at the maternal-conceptus interface, and inappropriate activation of the complement system is associated with various adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans and rodents. However, the expression, regulation, and function of the complement system at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs have not been studied. In this study, we investigated the expression, localization, and regulation of complement system molecules at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs. Complement components and complement control proteins were expressed in the endometrium, early-stage conceptus, and chorioallantoic tissues during pregnancy. The expression of complement components acting on the early stage of complement activation increased in the endometrium on Day 15 of pregnancy, with greater levels on that day compared with the estrous cycle. Localization of several complement components and complement control proteins was cell-type specific in the endometrium. The expression of C1QC, C2, C3, C4A, CFI, ITGB2, MASP1, and SERPING1 was increased by IFNG in endometrial explant tissues. Furthermore, cleaved C3 fragments were detected in endometrial tissues and uterine flushings on Day 15 of the estrous cycle and Day 15 of pregnancy, with greater levels on Day 15 of pregnancy. These results suggest that complement system molecules in pigs expressed at the maternal-conceptus interface play important roles in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy by regulating innate immunity and modulating the maternal immune environment during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyung Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inkyu Yoo
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Yugyeong Cheon
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakhyun Ka
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
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Sahu SK, Ozantürk AN, Kulkarni DH, Ma L, Barve RA, Dannull L, Lu A, Starick M, McPhatter J, Garnica L, Sanfillipo-Burchman M, Kunen J, Wu X, Gelman AE, Brody SL, Atkinson JP, Kulkarni HS. Lung epithelial cell-derived C3 protects against pneumonia-induced lung injury. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabp9547. [PMID: 36735773 PMCID: PMC10023170 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abp9547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The complement component C3 is a fundamental plasma protein for host defense, produced largely by the liver. However, recent work has demonstrated the critical importance of tissue-specific C3 expression in cell survival. Here, we analyzed the effects of local versus peripheral sources of C3 expression in a model of acute bacterial pneumonia induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Whereas mice with global C3 deficiency had severe pneumonia-induced lung injury, those deficient only in liver-derived C3 remained protected, comparable to wild-type mice. Human lung transcriptome analysis showed that secretory epithelial cells, such as club cells, express high levels of C3 mRNA. Mice with tamoxifen-induced C3 gene ablation from club cells in the lung had worse pulmonary injury compared with similarly treated controls, despite maintaining normal circulating C3 levels. Last, in both the mouse pneumonia model and cultured primary human airway epithelial cells, we showed that stress-induced death associated with C3 deficiency parallels that seen in Factor B deficiency rather than C3a receptor deficiency. Moreover, C3-mediated reduction in epithelial cell death requires alternative pathway component Factor B. Thus, our findings suggest that a pathway reliant on locally derived C3 and Factor B protects the lung mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjaya K. Sahu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Ayşe N. Ozantürk
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Devesha H. Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Lina Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Ruteja A Barve
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Linus Dannull
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Angel Lu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Marick Starick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Ja’Nia McPhatter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Lorena Garnica
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Maxwell Sanfillipo-Burchman
- Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Jeremy Kunen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - John P. Atkinson
- Division of Rheumatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S. Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
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Liszewski MK, Atkinson JP. Membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46): deficiency states and pathogen connections. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:126-134. [PMID: 34004375 PMCID: PMC8123722 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46), a ubiquitously expressed complement regulatory protein, serves as a cofactor for serine protease factor I to cleave and inactivate C3b and C4b deposited on host cells. However, CD46 also plays roles in human reproduction, autophagy, modulating T cell activation and effector functions and is a member of the newly identified intracellular complement system (complosome). CD46 also is a receptor for 11 pathogens ('pathogen magnet'). While CD46 deficiencies contribute to inflammatory disorders, its overexpression in cancers and role as a receptor for some adenoviruses has led to its targeting by oncolytic agents and adenoviral-based therapeutic vectors, including coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. This review focuses on recent advances in identifying disease-causing CD46 variants and its pathogen connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kathryn Liszewski
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - John P Atkinson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Triebwasser MP, Wu X, Bertram P, Hourcade DE, Nelson DM, Atkinson JP. Timing and mechanism of conceptus demise in a complement regulatory membrane protein deficient mouse. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e12997. [PMID: 29924462 PMCID: PMC6160323 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Crry is a widely expressed type 1 transmembrane complement regulatory protein in rodents which protects self-tissue by downregulating C3 activation. Crry-/- concepti produced by Crry+/- × Crry+/- matings are attacked by maternal complement system leading to loss before day 10. The membrane attack complex is not the mediator of this death. We hypothesized that the ability of C3b to engage the alternative pathway's feedback loop relatively unchecked on placental membranes induces the lesion yielding the demise of the Crry-/- mouse. METHOD OF STUDY We investigated the basis of Crry-/- conceptus demise by depleting maternal complement with cobra venom factor and blocking antibodies. We monitored their effects primarily by genotyping and histologic analyses. RESULTS We narrowed the critical period of the complement effect from 6.5 to 8.5 days post-coitus (dpc), which is immediately after the conceptus is exposed to maternal blood. Deposition by 5.5 dpc of maternal C3b on the placental vasculature lacking Crry-/- yielded loss of the conceptus by 8.5 dpc. Fusion of the allantois to the chorion during placental assembly did not occur, fetal vessels originating in the allantois did not infiltrate the chorioallantoic placenta, the chorionic plate failed to develop, and the labyrinthine component of the placenta did not mature. CONCLUSION Our data are most consistent with the deposition of C3b being responsible for the failure of the allantois to fuse to the chorion leading to subsequent conceptus demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Triebwasser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paula Bertram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dennis E Hourcade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Donald Michael Nelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Ultrasound and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John P Atkinson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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