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Kulkarni DH, Rusconi B, Floyd AN, Joyce EL, Talati KB, Kousik H, Alleyne D, Harris DL, Garnica L, McDonough R, Bidani SS, Kulkarni HS, Newberry EP, McDonald KG, Newberry RD. Gut microbiota induces weight gain and inflammation in the gut and adipose tissue independent of manipulations in diet, genetics, and immune development. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2284240. [PMID: 38036944 PMCID: PMC10730159 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2284240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are complex disorders resulting from multiple factors including genetics, diet, activity, inflammation, and gut microbes. Animal studies have identified roles for each of these, however the contribution(s) specifically attributed to the gut microbiota remain unclear, as studies have used combinations of genetically altered mice, high fat diet, and/or colonization of germ-free mice, which have an underdeveloped immune system. We investigated the role(s) of the gut microbiota driving obesity and inflammation independent of manipulations in diet and genetics in mice with fully developed immune systems. We demonstrate that the human obese gut microbiota alone was sufficient to drive weight gain, systemic, adipose tissue, and intestinal inflammation, but did not promote intestinal barrier leak. The obese microbiota induced gene expression promoting caloric uptake/harvest but was less effective at inducing genes associated with mucosal immune responses. Thus, the obese gut microbiota is sufficient to induce weight gain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesha H. Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brigida Rusconi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexandria N. Floyd
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elisabeth L. Joyce
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Khushi B. Talati
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hrishi Kousik
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dereck Alleyne
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dalia L. Harris
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lorena Garnica
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan McDonough
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shay S. Bidani
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S. Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Newberry
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keely G. McDonald
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rodney D. Newberry
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Sahu SK, Ozantürk AN, Kulkarni DH, Ma L, Barve RA, Dannull L, Lu A, Starick M, McPhatter J, Garnica L, Sanfillipo-Burchman M, Kunen J, Wu X, Gelman AE, Brody SL, Atkinson JP, Kulkarni HS. Lung epithelial cell-derived C3 protects against pneumonia-induced lung injury. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabp9547. [PMID: 36735773 PMCID: PMC10023170 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abp9547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The complement component C3 is a fundamental plasma protein for host defense, produced largely by the liver. However, recent work has demonstrated the critical importance of tissue-specific C3 expression in cell survival. Here, we analyzed the effects of local versus peripheral sources of C3 expression in a model of acute bacterial pneumonia induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Whereas mice with global C3 deficiency had severe pneumonia-induced lung injury, those deficient only in liver-derived C3 remained protected, comparable to wild-type mice. Human lung transcriptome analysis showed that secretory epithelial cells, such as club cells, express high levels of C3 mRNA. Mice with tamoxifen-induced C3 gene ablation from club cells in the lung had worse pulmonary injury compared with similarly treated controls, despite maintaining normal circulating C3 levels. Last, in both the mouse pneumonia model and cultured primary human airway epithelial cells, we showed that stress-induced death associated with C3 deficiency parallels that seen in Factor B deficiency rather than C3a receptor deficiency. Moreover, C3-mediated reduction in epithelial cell death requires alternative pathway component Factor B. Thus, our findings suggest that a pathway reliant on locally derived C3 and Factor B protects the lung mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjaya K. Sahu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Ayşe N. Ozantürk
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Devesha H. Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Lina Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Ruteja A Barve
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Linus Dannull
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Angel Lu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Marick Starick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Ja’Nia McPhatter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Lorena Garnica
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Maxwell Sanfillipo-Burchman
- Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Jeremy Kunen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - John P. Atkinson
- Division of Rheumatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S. Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
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