1
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Tang J, Zhong Z, Nijiati M, Wu C. Systemic inflammation response index as a prognostic factor for patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: a retrospective observational study. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241235758. [PMID: 38518195 PMCID: PMC10960344 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241235758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and the prognosis in patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI). METHODS In this observational study, adult patients with SA-AKI were categorized into three groups based on SIRI tertiles. Survival outcomes were compared across the three groups using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Various Cox proportional hazards regression models were developed to determine the association between the SIRI and mortality in patients with SA-AKI. Subgroup analyses were also performed to explore the association between different SIRI tertiles and all-cause mortality. RESULTS After adjusting for several confounders, the second SIRI tertile (2.5 < SIRI < 7.6) was found to be an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.19 (1.01-1.40)], 90-day mortality [1.22 (1.06-1.41)], and 365-day mortality [1.24 (1.09-1.40)]. Furthermore, high SIRI values were associated with increased risks of 30-day, 90-day, and 365-day mortality in patients with SA-AKI across all three models. The third tertile showed a significant association with adverse outcomes in most subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The SIRI serves as a comprehensive biomarker for predicting all-cause mortality of critically ill patients with SA-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tang
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhenguang Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muyesai Nijiati
- Xinjiang Emergency Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Changdong Wu
- Xinjiang Emergency Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
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2
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Zhao S, Hu Y, Yang B, Zhang L, Xu M, Jiang K, Liu Z, Wu M, Huang Y, Li P, Liang SJ, Sun X, Hide G, Lun ZR, Wu Z, Shen J. The transplant rejection response involves neutrophil and macrophage adhesion-mediated trogocytosis and is regulated by NFATc3. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:75. [PMID: 38242872 PMCID: PMC10798984 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The anti-foreign tissue (transplant rejection) response, mediated by the immune system, has been the biggest obstacle to successful organ transplantation. There are still many enigmas regarding this process and some aspects of the underlying mechanisms driving the immune response against foreign tissues remain poorly understood. Here, we found that a large number of neutrophils and macrophages were attached to the graft during skin transplantation. Furthermore, both types of cells could autonomously adhere to and damage neonatal rat cardiomyocyte mass (NRCM) in vitro. We have demonstrated that Complement C3 and the receptor CR3 participated in neutrophils/macrophages-mediated adhesion and damage this foreign tissue (NRCM or skin grafts). We have provided direct evidence that the damage to these tissues occurs by a process referred to as trogocytosis, a damage mode that has never previously been reported to directly destroy grafts. We further demonstrated that this process can be regulated by NFAT, in particular, NFATc3. This study not only enriches an understanding of host-donor interaction in transplant rejection, but also provides new avenues for exploring the development of novel immunosuppressive drugs which prevent rejection during transplant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunyi Hu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Bicheng Yang
- The Andrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiyining Xu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Kefeng Jiang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhun Liu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingrou Wu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Jia Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Geoff Hide
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Shen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Li J, Zhao F, Qin Q, Yang L, Jiang Y, Hou Y, Wang Y, Zhou W, Fang L, Chen L. The Effect of CD226 on the Balance between Inflammatory Monocytes and Small Peritoneal Macrophages in Mouse Ulcerative Colitis. Immunol Invest 2022; 51:1833-1842. [PMID: 35468025 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2065921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory and recurring inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Monocytes and macrophages are major components of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), and the balance between inflammatory monocytes and small peritoneal macrophages plays important roles in UC. However, the mechanisms governing the balance between inflammatory monocytes and small peritoneal macrophages in UC need to be clarified further. Here, we found that the expression levels of CD226 on different subsets of monocytes/macrophages are varied in UC mice. The expression levels of CD226 on patrolling monocytes (pMos) and small peritoneal macrophages (SPMs) were markedly increased, while the expression levels of CD226 on inflammatory monocytes (iMos) were decreased in UC mice. Significantly, the percentage of iMos was enhanced while the percentage of SPMs were decreased in CD226 knockout UC mice compared with that in wildtype UC mice. Moreover, CD226 deficiency suppressed the migration capacity of macrophages. Therefore, our data suggest that CD226 plays critical roles in regulating the function and balance of monocytes/macrophages in mouse UC and targeting CD226 in MPS may be developed as a potent therapy for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Qin
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liu Yang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,School of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongli Hou
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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4
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Hennessy C, Lewik G, Cross A, Hester J, Issa F. Recent advances in our understanding of the allograft response. Fac Rev 2021; 10:21. [PMID: 33718938 PMCID: PMC7946390 DOI: 10.12703/r/10-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is a life-saving treatment for end-stage organ failure. However, despite advances in immunosuppression, donor matching, tissue typing, and organ preservation, many organs are still lost each year to rejection. Ultimately, tolerance in the absence of immunosuppression is the goal, and although this seldom occurs spontaneously, a deeper understanding of alloimmunity may provide avenues for future therapies which aid in its establishment. Here, we highlight the recent key advances in our understanding of the allograft response. On the innate side, recent work has highlighted the previously unrecognised role of innate lymphoid cells as well as natural killer cells in promoting the alloresponse. The two major routes of allorecognition have recently been joined by a third newly identified pathway, semi-direct allorecognition, which is proving to be a key active pathway in transplantation. Through this review, we detail these newly defined areas in the allograft response and highlight areas for potential future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Hennessy
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Guido Lewik
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Amy Cross
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Joanna Hester
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Fadi Issa
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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5
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Early Posttransplant Mobilization of Monocytic Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cell Correlates With Increase in Soluble Immunosuppressive Factors and Predicts Cancer in Kidney Recipients. Transplantation 2021; 104:2599-2608. [PMID: 32068661 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) increase in patients with cancer and are associated with poor prognosis; however, their role in transplantation is not yet understood. Here we aimed to study the MDSC effects on the evolution of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). METHODS A cohort of 229 KTRs was prospectively analyzed. Two myeloid cells subsets. CD11bCD33CD14CD15HLA-DR (monocytic MDSC [M-MDSC]) and CD11bCD33CD14CD15HLA-DR (monocytes), were defined by flow cytometry. The suppressive capacity of myeloid cells was tested in cocultures with autologous lymphocytes. Suppressive soluble factors, cytokines, anti-HLA antibodies, and total antioxidant capacity were quantified in plasma. RESULTS Pretransplant, M-MDSC, and monocytes were similar in KTRs and healthy volunteers. M-MDSCs increased immediately posttransplantation and suppressed CD4 and CD8 T cells proliferation. M-MDSCs remained high for 1 y posttransplantation. Higher M-MDSC counts at day 14 posttransplant were observed in patients who subsequently developed cancer, and KTRs with higher M-MDSC at day 14 had significantly lower malignancy-free survival. Day 14 M-MDSC >179.2 per microliter conferred 6.98 times (95% confidence interval, 1.28-37.69) more risk to develop cancer, independently from age, gender, and immunosuppression. Early posttransplant M-MDSCs were lower in patients with enhanced alloimmune response as represented by anti-HLA sensitization. M-MDSC counts correlated with higher circulatory suppressive factors arginase-1 and interleukin-10, and lower total antioxidant capacity. CONCLUSIONS Early posttransplant mobilization of M-MDSCs predicts cancer and adds risk as an independent factor. M-MDSC may favor an immunosuppressive environment that promotes tumoral development.
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6
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Ordikhani F, Pothula V, Sanchez-Tarjuelo R, Jordan S, Ochando J. Macrophages in Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582939. [PMID: 33329555 PMCID: PMC7734247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current immunosuppressive therapy has led to excellent short-term survival rates in organ transplantation. However, long-term graft survival rates are suboptimal, and a vast number of allografts are gradually lost in the clinic. An increasing number of animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that monocytes and macrophages play a pivotal role in graft rejection, as these mononuclear phagocytic cells recognize alloantigens and trigger an inflammatory cascade that activate the adaptive immune response. Moreover, recent studies suggest that monocytes acquire a feature of memory recall response that is associated with a potent immune response. This form of memory is called “trained immunity,” and it is retained by mechanisms of epigenetic and metabolic changes in innate immune cells after exposure to particular ligands, which have a direct impact in allograft rejection. In this review article, we highlight the role of monocytes and macrophages in organ transplantation and summarize therapeutic approaches to promote tolerance through manipulation of monocytes and macrophages. These strategies may open new therapeutic opportunities to increase long-term transplant survival rates in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Ordikhani
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Venu Pothula
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rodrigo Sanchez-Tarjuelo
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Jordan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Immunología de Trasplantes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Abrahem R, Chiang E, Haquang J, Nham A, Ting YS, Venketaraman V. The Role of Dendritic Cells in TB and HIV Infection. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082661. [PMID: 32824563 PMCID: PMC7465216 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are the principal antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the host defense mechanism. An altered dendritic cell response increases the risk of susceptibility of infections, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), and the survival of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The altered response of dendritic cells leads to decreased activity of T-helper-1 (Th1), Th2, Regulatory T cells (Tregs), and Th17 cells in tuberculosis (TB) infections due to a diminishment of cytokine release from these APCs, while HIV infection leads to DC maturation, allowing DCs to migrate to lymph nodes and the sub-mucosa where they then transfer HIV to CD4 T cells, although there is controversy around this topic. Increases in the levels of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) plays a critical role in maintaining dendritic cell redox homeostasis, leading to an adequate immune response with sufficient cytokine release and a subsequent robust immune response. Thus, an understanding of the intricate pathways involved in the dendritic cell response are needed to prevent co-infections and co-morbidities in individuals with TB and HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Abrahem
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.A.); (E.C.); (J.H.); (A.N.); (Y.-S.T.)
| | - Emerald Chiang
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.A.); (E.C.); (J.H.); (A.N.); (Y.-S.T.)
| | - Joseph Haquang
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.A.); (E.C.); (J.H.); (A.N.); (Y.-S.T.)
| | - Amy Nham
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.A.); (E.C.); (J.H.); (A.N.); (Y.-S.T.)
| | - Yu-Sam Ting
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.A.); (E.C.); (J.H.); (A.N.); (Y.-S.T.)
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.A.); (E.C.); (J.H.); (A.N.); (Y.-S.T.)
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-909-706-3736; Fax: +1-909-469-5698
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8
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Kopecky BJ, Frye C, Terada Y, Balsara KR, Kreisel D, Lavine KJ. Role of donor macrophages after heart and lung transplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:1225-1235. [PMID: 31850651 PMCID: PMC7202685 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1960s, heart and lung transplantation has remained the optimal therapy for patients with end-stage disease, extending and improving quality of life for thousands of individuals annually. Expanding donor organ availability and immunologic compatibility is a priority to help meet the clinical demand for organ transplant. While effective, current immunosuppression is imperfect as it lacks specificity and imposes unintended adverse effects such as opportunistic infections and malignancy that limit the health and longevity of transplant recipients. In this review, we focus on donor macrophages as a new target to achieve allograft tolerance. Donor organ-directed therapies have the potential to improve allograft survival while minimizing patient harm related to global suppression of recipient immune responses. Topics highlighted include the role of ontogenically distinct donor macrophage populations in ischemia-reperfusion injury and rejection, including their interaction with allograft-infiltrating recipient immune cells and potential therapeutic approaches. Ultimately, a better understanding of how donor intrinsic immunity influences allograft acceptance and survival will provide new opportunities to improve the outcomes of transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Frye
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Yuriko Terada
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Keki R. Balsara
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
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9
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Novel molecules mediate specialized functions of human regulatory macrophages. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2019; 23:533-537. [PMID: 30059361 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Now that adoptive transfer of regulatory macrophages (Mregs) is clinically practicable, we ask whether this approach could be used to achieve self-sustaining peripheral regulation and what mechanisms may be involved. RECENT FINDINGS Dehydrogenase/reductase 9 (DHRS9)-expressing Mregs are a specialized subset of monocyte-derived macrophages that are currently being investigated as a tolerogenic cell-based therapy. Human Mregs are defined by their capacity to convert naïve CD4 T cells to IL-10-secreting FoxP3 regulatory T cells (Tregs) through an activation-dependent process involving signals mediated by TGF-β, retinoic acid, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity, notch and progestagen associated endometrial protein (PAEP). Mreg-induced iTregs (miTregs) are a phenotypically distinct type of in-vitro-derived human iTreg that expresses butyrophilin-like protein 8 (BTNL8) and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT). miTregs are nonspecifically suppressive of mitogen-stimulated bystander T cell proliferation and inhibit TNFα-induced maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Preclinical and clinical studies find that intravenous infusion of allogeneic Mregs leads to enrichment of circulating TIGIT Tregs. SUMMARY These results suggest a feed-forward mechanism by which Mreg treatment could promote solid organ transplant acceptance through rapid induction of direct pathway Tregs.
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10
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Bao Y, Deng Q, Li Y, Zhou S. Engineering docetaxel-loaded micelles for non-small cell lung cancer: a comparative study of microfluidic and bulk nanoparticle preparation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31950-31966. [PMID: 35547502 PMCID: PMC9086256 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04512g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk preparation of micelles has the drawbacks of facile formation of large aggregates and heterogeneous particle size distribution. Microfluidic technology has shown clear potential to address these challenges for robust nanomedicine applications. In this study, docetaxel-loaded PLGA-PEG-Mal-based micelles were prepared by microfluidics and dialysis methods and their physicochemical properties were analyzed. The biological behaviors of these micelles were also investigated in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549 in vitro as well as in vivo. Encouragingly, the mean particle size of the micelles prepared by microfluidics (DMM) was smaller, with an average size of 72 ± 1 nm and a narrow size distribution with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.072; meanwhile, micelles prepared by the dialysis method (DMD) had larger particle sizes (range, 102 to 144 nm) and PDIs (up to 0.390). More importantly, significantly high drug loading was achieved using the microfluidic process. The IC50 value of DMM was lower than that of DMD. Whole-body fluorescence imaging of live mice showed that DMM achieved higher accumulation in tumors compared with DMD. DMM showed superior antitumor efficacy, with a tumor inhibition rate of 91.5%. Moreover, pathological histology analysis revealed that no evident biological toxicity was caused by the micelles. In addition, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) was employed as a targeting agent on the basis of DMM to prepare targeting micelles, and the targeting micelles exhibited stronger cytotoxicity and obvious antitumor efficacy. In conclusion, DMM may have obvious clinical advantages for the treatment of NSCLC due to its optimized physiochemical properties. Therefore, microfluidic technology-based micelles are a promising platform as an effective drug delivery system for incorporating anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Bao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200433 China +86-021-65115006
| | - Qinfang Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200433 China +86-021-65115006
| | - Yongyong Li
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nanoscience, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092 China +86-021-65988029
| | - Songwen Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200433 China +86-021-65115006
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11
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European Reflections on New Indications for Extracorporeal Photopheresis in Solid Organ Transplantation. Transplantation 2018; 102:1279-1283. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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TIGIT + iTregs elicited by human regulatory macrophages control T cell immunity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2858. [PMID: 30030423 PMCID: PMC6054648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human regulatory macrophages (Mreg) have shown early clinical promise as a cell-based adjunct immunosuppressive therapy in solid organ transplantation. It is hypothesised that recipient CD4+ T cell responses are actively regulated through direct allorecognition of donor-derived Mregs. Here we show that human Mregs convert allogeneic CD4+ T cells to IL-10-producing, TIGIT+ FoxP3+-induced regulatory T cells that non-specifically suppress bystander T cells and inhibit dendritic cell maturation. Differentiation of Mreg-induced Tregs relies on multiple non-redundant mechanisms that are not exclusive to interaction of Mregs and T cells, including signals mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, TGF-β, retinoic acid, Notch and progestagen-associated endometrial protein. Preoperative administration of donor-derived Mregs to living-donor kidney transplant recipients results in an acute increase in circulating TIGIT+ Tregs. These results suggest a feed-forward mechanism by which Mreg treatment promotes allograft acceptance through rapid induction of direct-pathway Tregs. Regulatory macrophages (Mreg) can directly suppress T effector cell responses. Here the authors show that human Mreg also elicit TIGIT+ regulatory T cells by integrating multiple differentiation signals, and that donor Mreg-induced recipient Tregs may promote kidney transplant acceptance in patients.
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Inhibition of intimal hyperplasia in murine aortic allografts by administration of a small-molecule TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15799. [PMID: 29150694 PMCID: PMC5693917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft arteriosclerosis (GA) is the leading cause of late cardiac allograft dysfunction. The innate immune system plays a major role in GA, paprticularly Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. Here we characterized the role of TLR4 and its antagonist TAK-242 in a mouse model of GA. BALB/c (H-2d) donor aortas were transplanted into C57BL/6 (H-2b) recipients, and the mice received intraperitoneal injection of 3 or 10 mg/kg of TAK-242 or vehicle every other day for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks. With TAK-242 administration, intimal hyperplasia initially appeared at 2 weeks after transplantation, and TAK-242 postponed the progression of neointimal formation in allogeneic aortic grafts. TAK-242 treatment reduced CD68+ macrophage accumulation in the allografts, reduced the levels of ly-6Chi monocytes in peripheral blood, bone marrow and spleen, and downregulated proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels. Ex vivo we observed that TAK-242 could improve the graft microenvironment by interfering the Tck/Mφ IL12p70 and IFNγ axis, reducing CCL2-mediated migration of vascular smooth cells.
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Désy O, Béland S, Vallin P, Riopel J, Latulippe E, Najafian N, Chandraker A, Agharazii M, Batal I, De Serres SA. IL-6 production by monocytes is associated with graft function decline in patients with borderline changes suspicious for acute T-cell-mediated rejection: a pilot study. Transpl Int 2017; 31:92-101. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Désy
- Transplantation Unit; Renal Division; Department of Medicine; University Health Center of Quebec; Faculty of Medicine; Laval University; Quebec QC Canada
| | - Stéphanie Béland
- Transplantation Unit; Renal Division; Department of Medicine; University Health Center of Quebec; Faculty of Medicine; Laval University; Quebec QC Canada
| | - Patrice Vallin
- Transplantation Unit; Renal Division; Department of Medicine; University Health Center of Quebec; Faculty of Medicine; Laval University; Quebec QC Canada
| | - Julie Riopel
- Department of Pathology; University Health Center of Quebec; Faculty of Medicine; Laval University; Quebec QC Canada
| | - Eva Latulippe
- Department of Pathology; University Health Center of Quebec; Faculty of Medicine; Laval University; Quebec QC Canada
| | - Nader Najafian
- Renal Division; Schuster Family Transplantation Research Center; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Renal Division; Schuster Family Transplantation Research Center; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Mohsen Agharazii
- Transplantation Unit; Renal Division; Department of Medicine; University Health Center of Quebec; Faculty of Medicine; Laval University; Quebec QC Canada
| | - Ibrahim Batal
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Sacha A. De Serres
- Transplantation Unit; Renal Division; Department of Medicine; University Health Center of Quebec; Faculty of Medicine; Laval University; Quebec QC Canada
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15
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Hutchinson JA, Ahrens N, Geissler EK. MITAP-compliant characterization of human regulatory macrophages. Transpl Int 2017; 30:765-775. [PMID: 28543878 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a transparent description of Mreg_UKR cell products, including manufacture and quality-control processes, using the structure and vocabulary of the 'Minimum Information about Tolerogenic Antigen-presenting Cells' reporting guidelines. This information is intended as a resource for those in the field, as well as a stimulus to develop a new wave of immunoregulatory and tissue-reparative monocyte-derived cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Hutchinson
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nobert Ahrens
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Edward K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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16
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Antibody-mediated rejection in the cardiac allograft: diagnosis, treatment and future considerations. Curr Opin Cardiol 2017; 32:326-335. [PMID: 28212151 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the latest publications dealing with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and defines areas of controversy and future steps that may improve the outcome for patients with this virulent form of rejection. RECENT FINDINGS Recent progress includes publication of standardized pathologic criteria for acute AMR by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) and guidelines for treatment of acute AMR by the American Heart Association, endorsed by ISHLT as well. Recently published review articles emphasize the important role of innate immune mechanisms, clarify the role of viral infection and provide insights into vascular biology and the role of innate effector populations, macrophages and dendritic cells. SUMMARY Strategies for future studies are discussed in the context of these new findings and similar efforts undertaken by renal and liver allograft investigators.
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17
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Tahvildari M, Emami-Naeini P, Omoto M, Mashaghi A, Chauhan SK, Dana R. Treatment of donor corneal tissue with immunomodulatory cytokines: a novel strategy to promote graft survival in high-risk corneal transplantation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:971. [PMID: 28428556 PMCID: PMC5430534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play an important role in transplant rejection and tolerance. In high-risk corneal transplantation, where the graft bed is inflamed and vascularized, immature APCs in the donor corneal stroma quickly mature and migrate to lymphoid tissues to sensitize host T cells. In this study, using a mouse model of corneal transplantation, we investigated whether enrichment of tolerogenic APCs (tolAPCs) in donor corneas can enhance graft survival in corneal allograft recipients with inflamed graft beds. Treatment of donor corneas with interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) altered the phenotype and function of tissue-residing APCs. Transplantation of these tolAPC-enriched corneas decreased frequencies of interferon gamma (IFNγ)+ effector T cells (Teffs), as well as allosensitization in the hosts, diminished graft infiltration of CD45+ and CD4+ cells, and significantly improved corneal allograft survival compared to saline-injected controls. These data provide a novel approach for tolAPC-based immunotherapy in transplantation by direct cytokine conditioning of the donor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tahvildari
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Parisa Emami-Naeini
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masahiro Omoto
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alireza Mashaghi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Tatham KC, O'Dea KP, Romano R, Donaldson HE, Wakabayashi K, Patel BV, Thakuria L, Simon AR, Sarathchandra P, Marczin N, Takata M. Intravascular donor monocytes play a central role in lung transplant ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Thorax 2017; 73:350-360. [PMID: 28389600 PMCID: PMC5870457 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rationale Primary graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients derives from the initial, largely leukocyte-dependent, ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Intravascular lung-marginated monocytes have been shown to play key roles in experimental acute lung injury, but their contribution to lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury post transplantation is unknown. Objective To define the role of donor intravascular monocytes in lung transplant-related acute lung injury and primary graft dysfunction. Methods Isolated perfused C57BL/6 murine lungs were subjected to warm ischaemia (2 hours) and reperfusion (2 hours) under normoxic conditions. Monocyte retention, activation phenotype and the effects of their depletion by intravenous clodronate-liposome treatment on lung inflammation and injury were determined. In human donor lung transplant samples, the presence and activation phenotype of monocytic cells (low side scatter, 27E10+, CD14+, HLA-DR+, CCR2+) were evaluated by flow cytometry and compared with post-implantation lung function. Results In mouse lungs following ischaemia-reperfusion, substantial numbers of lung-marginated monocytes remained within the pulmonary microvasculature, with reduced L-selectin and increased CD86 expression indicating their activation. Monocyte depletion resulted in reductions in lung wet:dry ratios, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein, and perfusate levels of RAGE, MIP-2 and KC, while monocyte repletion resulted in a partial restoration of the injury. In human lungs, correlations were observed between pre-implantation donor monocyte numbers/their CD86 and TREM-1 expression and post-implantation lung dysfunction at 48 and 72 hours. Conclusions These results indicate that lung-marginated intravascular monocytes are retained as a ‘passenger’ leukocyte population during lung transplantation, and play a key role in the development of transplant-associated ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Colette Tatham
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kieran Patrick O'Dea
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rosalba Romano
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Departments of Anaesthesia and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, Middlesex, UK
| | - Hannah Elizabeth Donaldson
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kenji Wakabayashi
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Brijesh Vipin Patel
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Louit Thakuria
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, Middlesex, UK
| | - Andre Rudiger Simon
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, Middlesex, UK
| | - Padmini Sarathchandra
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, UK
| | | | - Nandor Marczin
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Departments of Anaesthesia and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, Middlesex, UK
| | - Masao Takata
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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19
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Morelli AE, Bracamonte-Baran W, Burlingham WJ. Donor-derived exosomes: the trick behind the semidirect pathway of allorecognition. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2017; 22:46-54. [PMID: 27898464 PMCID: PMC5407007 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The passenger leukocyte hypothesis predicts that after transplantation, donor antigen-presenting cells (APCs) from the graft present donor MHC molecules to directly alloreactive T cells in lymphoid organs. However, in certain transplantation models, recent evidence contradicts this long-standing concept. New findings demonstrate that host, instead of donor, APCs play a prominent role in allosensitization against donor MHC molecules via the semidirect pathway. A similar mechanism operates in development of T-cell split tolerance to noninherited maternal antigens. RECENT FINDINGS Following fully mismatch skin or heart transplantation in mice, no or extremely few donor migrating APCs (i.e. conventional dendritic cells) are detected in the draining lymphoid organs. Instead, recipient dendritic cells that have captured donor extracellular vesicles (i.e. exosomes) carrying donor MHC molecules and APC costimulatory signals present donor MHC molecules to directly alloreactive T cells. This semidirect pathway can also give rise to a form of 'split' tolerance during chronic alloantigen exposure, as indirectly alloreactive T helper cells and directly alloreactive T-cell effectors are differentially impacted by host dendritic cells 'cross-dressed' with extracellular vesicles/exosomes derived from maternal microchimerism. SUMMARY Acquisition by recipient APCs of donor exosomes (and likely other extracellular vesicles) released by passenger leukocytes or the graft explains the potent T-cell allosensitization against donor MHC molecules, in the absence or presence of few passenger leukocytes in lymphoid organs. It also provides the basic mechanism and in-vivo relevance of the elusive semidirect pathway. Its degree of coordination with the allopeptide - specific, indirect pathway of T-cell help may determine whether semidirect allopresentation results in a sustained, effective, acute rejection response, or rather, in abortive acute rejection and 'split' tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian E Morelli
- aT.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania bDivision of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland cDivision of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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20
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Liu Y, Kloc M, Li XC. Macrophages as Effectors of Acute and Chronic Allograft Injury. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2016; 3:303-312. [PMID: 28546901 PMCID: PMC5440082 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-016-0130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplants give a second chance of life to patients with end-stage organ failure. However, the immuno-logical barriers prove to be very challenging to overcome and graft rejection remains a major hurdle to long-term transplant survival. For decades, adaptive immunity has been the focus of studies, primarily based on the belief that T cells are necessary and sufficient for rejection. With better-developed immunosuppressive drugs and protocols that effectively control adaptive cells, innate immune cells have emerged as key effector cells in triggering graft injury and have therefore attracted much recent attention. In this review, we discuss current understanding of macrophages and their role in transplant rejection, their dynamics, distinct phenotypes, locations, and functions. We also discuss novel therapeutic approaches under development to target macrophages in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yianzhu Liu
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xian C. Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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21
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Alegre ML, Lakkis FG, Morelli AE. Antigen Presentation in Transplantation. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:831-843. [PMID: 27743777 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of solid organs between genetically distinct individuals leads, in the absence of immunosuppression, to T cell-dependent transplant rejection. Activation of graft-reactive T cells relies on the presentation of transplant-derived antigens (intact donor MHC molecules or processed peptides on host MHC molecules) by mature dendritic cells (DCs). This review focuses on novel insights regarding the steps for maturation and differentiation of DCs that are necessary for productive presentation of transplant antigens to host T cells. These steps include the licensing of DCs by the microbiota, their activation and maturation following recognition of allogeneic non-self, and their capture of donor cell exosomes to amplify the presentation of transplant antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luisa Alegre
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, JFK-R312, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Adrian E Morelli
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Hutchinson
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
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23
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Wu C, Zhao Y, Xiao X, Fan Y, Kloc M, Liu W, Ghobrial RM, Lan P, He X, Li XC. Graft-Infiltrating Macrophages Adopt an M2 Phenotype and Are Inhibited by Purinergic Receptor P2X7 Antagonist in Chronic Rejection. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2563-73. [PMID: 27575724 PMCID: PMC5552361 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages exhibit diverse phenotypes and functions; they are also a major cell type infiltrating chronically rejected allografts. The exact phenotypes and roles of macrophages in chronic graft loss remain poorly defined. In the present study, we used a mouse heart transplant model to examine macrophages in chronic allograft rejection. We found that treatment of C57BL/6 mice with CTLA4 immunoglobulin fusion protein (CTLA4-Ig) prevented acute rejection of a Balb/c heart allograft but allowed chronic rejection to develop over time, characterized by prominent neointima formation in the graft. There was extensive macrophage infiltration in the chronically rejected allografts, and the graft-infiltrating macrophages expressed markers associated with M2 cells but not M1 cells. In an in vitro system in which macrophages were polarized into either M1 or M2 cells, we screened phenotypic differences between M1 and M2 cells and identified purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2x7r), an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated ion channel protein that was preferentially expressed by M2 cells. We further showed that blocking the P2x7r using oxidized ATP (oATP) inhibited M2 induction in a dose-dependent fashion in vitro. Moreover, treatment of C57BL/6 recipients with the P2x7r antagonist oATP, in addition to CTLA4-Ig treatment, inhibited graft-infiltrating M2 cells, prevented transplant vasculopathy, and induced long-term heart allografts survival. These findings highlight the importance of the P2x7r-M2 axis in chronic rejection and establish P2x7r as a potential therapeutic target in suppression of chronic rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Wu
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX,Organ Transplant Center and Provincial Key laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Sun Yat-sen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y. Zhao
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - X. Xiao
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Y. Fan
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - M. Kloc
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - W. Liu
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - R. M. Ghobrial
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - P. Lan
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - X. He
- Organ Transplant Center and Provincial Key laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Sun Yat-sen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - X. C. Li
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX,Corresponding author: Xian C. Li,
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24
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Borges TJ, Lang BJ, Lopes RL, Bonorino C. Modulation of Alloimmunity by Heat Shock Proteins. Front Immunol 2016; 7:303. [PMID: 27555846 PMCID: PMC4977877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunological mechanisms that evolved for host defense against pathogens and injury are also responsible for transplant rejection. Host rejection of foreign tissue was originally thought to be mediated mainly by T cell recognition of foreign MHC alleles. Management of solid organ transplant rejection has thus focused mainly on inhibition of T cell function and matching MHC alleles between donor and host. Recently, however, it has been demonstrated that the magnitude of the initial innate immune responses upon transplantation has a decisive impact on rejection. The exact mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have yet to be characterized. Ischemic cell death and inflammation that occur upon transplantation are synonymous with extracellular release of various heat shock proteins (Hsps), many of which have been shown to have immune-modulatory properties. Here, we review the impact of Hsps upon alloimmunity and discuss the potential use of Hsps as accessory agents to improve solid organ transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago J Borges
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Benjamin J Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Life Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Rafael L Lopes
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Cristina Bonorino
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
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