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Scholaert M, Peries M, Braun E, Martin J, Serhan N, Loste A, Bruner A, Basso L, Chaput B, Merle E, Descargues P, Pagès E, Gaudenzio N. Multimodal profiling of biostabilized human skin modules reveals a coordinated ecosystem response to injected mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 39157907 DOI: 10.1111/all.16273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field of drug development is witnessing a remarkable surge in the development of innovative strategies. There is a need to develop technological platforms capable of generating human data prior to progressing to clinical trials. METHODS Here we introduce a new flexible solution designed for the comprehensive monitoring of the natural human skin ecosystem's response to immunogenic drugs over time. Based on unique bioengineering to preserve surgical resections in a long survival state, it allows for the first time a comprehensive analysis of resident immune cells response at both organ and single-cell levels. RESULTS Upon injection of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine, we characterized precise sequential molecular events triggered upon detection of the exogenous substance. The vaccine consistently targets DC/macrophages and mast cells, regardless of the administration route, while promoting specific cell-cell communications in surrounding immune cell subsets. CONCLUSION Given its direct translational relevance, this approach provides a multiscale vision of genuine human tissue immunity that could pave the way toward the development of new vaccination and drug development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Scholaert
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- Genoskin SAS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Jeremy Martin
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Nadine Serhan
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Loste
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Bruner
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Lilian Basso
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Benoît Chaput
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Rangueil Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- Genoskin SAS, Toulouse, France
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Chen J, Liu C, Yang Y, Gong X, Qian H. The stratum corneum barrier: impaired function in relation to associated lipids and proteins. Tissue Barriers 2024:2361197. [PMID: 38818698 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2024.2361197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and is widely considered to be the first-line defense of the body, providing essential protection against mechanical, physical, and chemical damage. Keratinocytes are the primary cells of the outer layer of the epidermis, which acts as a mechanical and permeability barrier. The epidermis is a permanently renewed tissue where undifferentiated keratinocytes located at the basal layer proliferate and migrate to the overlying layers. Here we report that some components of keratinocytes affect the formation and differentiation of the stratum corneum, which is the most specialized layer of the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, Xuhui, District, China
| | - Changjie Liu
- SIMPLY THIS Skin Ecology Research Institute, Shili (Shanghai) Biotechology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- SIMPLY THIS Skin Ecology Research Institute, Shili (Shanghai) Biotechology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Gong
- SIMPLY THIS Skin Ecology Research Institute, Shili (Shanghai) Biotechology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Qian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Quadri M, Baudouin C, Lotti R, Palazzo E, Campanini L, Bernard FX, Bellemere G, Pincelli C, Marconi A. Characterization of Skin Interfollicular Stem Cells and Early Transit Amplifying Cells during the Transition from Infants to Young Children. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5635. [PMID: 38891823 PMCID: PMC11171949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the interfollicular epidermis, keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) generate a short-lived population of transit amplifying (TA) cells that undergo terminal differentiation after several cell divisions. Recently, we isolated and characterized a highly proliferative keratinocyte cell population, named "early" TA (ETA) cell, representing the first KSC progenitor with exclusive features. This work aims to evaluate epidermis, with a focus on KSC and ETA cells, during transition from infancy to childhood. Reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) generated from infant keratinocytes is more damaged by UV irradiation, as compared to RHE from young children. Moreover, the expression of several differentiation and barrier genes increases with age, while the expression of genes related to stemness is reduced from infancy to childhood. The proliferation rate of KSC and ETA cells is higher in cells derived from infants' skin samples than of those derived from young children, as well as the capacity of forming colonies is more pronounced in KSC derived from infants than from young children's skin samples. Finally, infants-KSC show the greatest regenerative capacity in skin equivalents, while young children ETA cells express higher levels of differentiation markers, as compared to infants-ETA. KSC and ETA cells undergo substantial changes during transition from infancy to childhood. The study presents a novel insight into pediatric skin, and sheds light on the correlation between age and structural maturation of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Quadri
- DermoLab, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.Q.); (E.P.); (C.P.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Roberta Lotti
- DermoLab, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.Q.); (E.P.); (C.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Palazzo
- DermoLab, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.Q.); (E.P.); (C.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Letizia Campanini
- DermoLab, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.Q.); (E.P.); (C.P.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Gaëlle Bellemere
- Expanscience Laboratoires, 28230 Eprernon, France; (C.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Carlo Pincelli
- DermoLab, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.Q.); (E.P.); (C.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- DermoLab, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.Q.); (E.P.); (C.P.); (A.M.)
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4
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Cuyler M, Twilley D, Thipe VC, Mandiwana V, Kalombo ML, Ray SS, Rikhotso-Mbungela RS, Janse van Vuuren A, Coetsee W, Katti KV, Lall N. Antihistamine and Wound Healing Potential of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Bulbine frutescens (L.) Willd. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2024; 17:59-76. [PMID: 38504832 PMCID: PMC10949377 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s445116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is an inflammatory skin condition with synthetic treatments that induce adverse effects and are ineffective. One of the proposed causes for the development of the condition is the outside-in hypothesis, which states that eczema is caused by a disruption in the skin barrier. These disruptions include developing dry cracked skin, which promotes the production of histamine. Bulbine frutescens (BF) is traditionally used to treat wounds and eczema; however, limited research has been conducted to scientifically validate this. Furthermore, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used to repair damaged skin; however, no research has been conducted on AuNPs synthesized using BF. Purpose The study aimed to determine whether BF alleviated skin damage through wound healing, reducing the production of histamine and investigate whether AuNPs synthesized using BF would enhance biological activity. Methods Four extracts and four synthesized AuNPs were prepared using BF and their antiproliferative and wound healing properties against human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) were evaluated. Thereafter, the selected samples antiproliferative activity and antihistamine activity against phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulated granulocytes were evaluated. Results Of the eight samples, the freeze-dried leaf juice (BFE; p < 0.01) extract and its AuNPs (BFEAuNPs; p < 0.05) displayed significant wound closure at 100 µg/mL and were further evaluated. The selected samples displayed a fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) of >200 µg/mL against PMA stimulated granulocytes. Compared to the untreated (media with PMA) control (0.30 ± 0.02 ng/mL), BFEAuNPs significantly inhibited histamine production at a concentration of 100 (p < 0.01) and 50 µg/mL (p < 0.001). Conclusion BFE and BFEAuNPs stimulated wound closure, while BFEAuNPs significantly inhibited histamine production. Further investigation into BFEAuNPs in vivo wound healing activity and whether it can target histamine-associated receptors on mast cells as a potential mechanism of action should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marizé Cuyler
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0002, South Africa
| | - Danielle Twilley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0002, South Africa
| | - Velaphi C Thipe
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Vusani Mandiwana
- Chemical Cluster Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Michel L Kalombo
- Chemical Cluster Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Suprakas S Ray
- DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | | | - Arno Janse van Vuuren
- Centre for High Transmission Electron Microscopy, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Will Coetsee
- Botanica Natural Products Pty (Ltd), Canterbury Farm MR 254, Alldays, Limpopo, 0909, South Africa
| | - Kattesh V Katti
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0002, South Africa
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
- Bio-Tech Research and Development Institute, University of the West Indies 770, Kingston, Jamaica
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Ribatti D. Mast cells are at the interface between the external environment and the inner organism. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1332047. [PMID: 38239615 PMCID: PMC10794488 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1332047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cells localized at the level of the mucosal barrier in the skin, lung, and gastrointestinal tract, intervene in the modulation of the function of the epithelial cells and are involved in innate and adaptive defensive responses. In this context, mast cells intervene in the recognition and clearance of microbial pathogens. This mini-review article discusses the role of mast cells in these barrier systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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6
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Qiao W, Xie T, Lu J, Jia T, Kaku K. Identification of potential hub genes associated with atopic dermatitis-like recombinant human epidermal model using integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2024; 24:89-100. [PMID: 37540585 PMCID: PMC10787623 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a severe inflammatory skin disorder, characterized by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines that fuel a vicious cycle of inflammation. While inflammatory recombinant human epidermal (RHE) models relevant to AD have been established, comprehensive understanding remains limited. To illuminate changes and identify potential hub genes involved in AD-related inflammation, RHE models, stimulated by an inflammatory cocktail including polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 13 (IL-13), were constructed and examined using tandem mass tags-proteomic coupled with RNA-seq transcriptomic analyses. Principal component analysis (PCA), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway functional enrichment were employed for the analysis of related genes and proteins. Protein-protein interaction networks helped identify hub genes, which were further confirmed by qPCR and western blot. We observed high expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in the inflammatory RHE. Our study identified 2369 differentially expressed genes and 880 differentially expressed proteins in the cocktail-induced group versus the normal control group. A total of 248 overlapping symbols were enriched in various biological processes and signaling pathways, including cornification envelope, cell-cell junction, calcium ion binding, extracellular matrix receptor, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors signaling pathway, among others. Among the 248 overlapping symbols, CytoHubba identified 10 hub molecules, namely signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), integrin subunit beta 1 (ITGB1), filaggrin (FLG), involucrin (IVL), DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58 (DDX58), small proline rich protein 1B (SPRR1B), interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1), desmoglein 1 (DSG1), collagen type XVII alpha 1 chain (COL17A1), and integrin subunit alpha 6 (ITGA6), based on the degree. These integrated results offer valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of AD and present potential tools for screening cosmetic formulations intended for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Qiao
- Pigeon Manufacturing Shanghai CO., LTD., Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Pigeon Manufacturing Shanghai CO., LTD., Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Pigeon Manufacturing Shanghai CO., LTD., Shanghai, China
| | - Tinghan Jia
- Pigeon Manufacturing Shanghai CO., LTD., Shanghai, China
| | - Ken Kaku
- Pigeon Manufacturing Shanghai CO., LTD., Shanghai, China
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7
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Hatano Y, Elias PM. "Outside-to-inside," "inside-to-outside," and "intrinsic" endogenous pathogenic mechanisms in atopic dermatitis: keratinocytes as the key functional cells involved in both permeability barrier dysfunction and immunological alterations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239251. [PMID: 37638035 PMCID: PMC10451066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Permeability barrier disruption has been shown to induce immunological alterations (i.e., an "outside-to-inside" pathogenic mechanism). Conversely, several inflammatory and immunological mechanisms reportedly interrupt permeability barrier homeostasis (i.e., an "inside-to-outside" pathogenic mechanism). It is now widely recognized that alterations of even a single molecule in keratinocytes can lead to not only permeability barrier dysfunction but also to immunological alterations. Such a simultaneous, bidirectional functional change by keratinocytes is herein named an "intrinsic" pathogenic mechanism. Molecules and/or pathways involved in this mechanism could be important not only as factors in disease pathogenesis but also as potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory cutaneous diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and prurigo nodularis. Elevation of skin surface pH following permeability barrier abrogation comprises one of the key pathogenic phenomena of the "outside-to-inside" mechanism. Not only type 2 cytokines (e.g., IL-4, IL-13, IL-31) but also type 1 (e.g. IFN-γ), and type 3 (e.g., IL-17, IL-22) as well as several other inflammatory factors (e.g. histamine) can disrupt permeability barrier homeostasis and are all considered part of the "inside-to-outside" mechanism. Finally, examples of molecules relevant to the "intrinsic" pathogenic mechanism include keratin 1, filaggrin, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hatano
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Mihele DM, Nistor PA, Bruma G, Mitran CI, Mitran MI, Condrat CE, Tovaru M, Tampa M, Georgescu SR. Mast Cell Activation Syndrome Update-A Dermatological Perspective. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1116. [PMID: 37511729 PMCID: PMC10381535 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are infamous for their role in potentially fatal anaphylaxis reactions. In the last two decades, a more complex picture has emerged, as it has become obvious that MCs are much more than just IgE effectors of anaphylaxis. MCs are defenders against a host of infectious and toxic aggressions (their interactions with other components of the immune system are not yet fully understood) and after the insult has ended, MCs continue to play a role in inflammation regulation and tissue repair. Unfortunately, MC involvement in pathology is also significant. Apart from their role in allergies, MCs can proliferate clonally to produce systemic mastocytosis. They have also been implicated in excessive fibrosis, keloid scaring, graft rejection and chronic inflammation, especially at the level of the skin and gut. In recent years, the term MC activation syndrome (MCAS) was proposed to account for symptoms caused by MC activation, and clear diagnostic criteria have been defined. However, not all authors agree with these criteria, as some find them too restrictive, potentially leaving much of the MC-related pathology unaccounted for. Here, we review the current knowledge on the physiological and pathological roles of MCs, with a dermatological emphasis, and discuss the MCAS classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Mihaela Mihele
- Dermatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Paul Andrei Nistor
- Internal Medicine Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, 169 Independence Blvd, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Bruma
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Iulia Mitran
- Microbiology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Irina Mitran
- Microbiology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Condrat
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tovaru
- Dermatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Dermatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Dermatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
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Riedl R, Wallert M, Lorkowski S, Wiegand C. Effects of Histamine and the α-Tocopherol Metabolite α-13'-COOH in an Atopic Dermatitis Full-Thickness Skin Model. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010440. [PMID: 36615633 PMCID: PMC9824170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a T-cell mediated inflammatory skin disease with detected elevated levels of histamine in skin or plasma. In this study, the effects of histamine in a TH2 cytokine environment on human keratinocytes and three-dimensional skin models were investigated. These models were used to explore the anti-inflammatory properties of the α-tocopherol-derived long-chain metabolite α-13'-carboxychromanol (α-13'-COOH). Histamine and TH2 cytokine-induced proliferation of keratinocytes was studied using a scratch assay. The inflammatory marker interleukin-8 was significantly increased in healthy and TH2 cytokine-stimulated keratinocytes and skin models after histamine treatment. The incubation of full-thickness skin models with TH2 cytokines and histamine resulted in morphological changes in the epidermal layer, interpreted as hyperkeratosis. α-13'-COOH significantly decreased interleukin-8 in these disease-associated skin models. Histological staining of filaggrin showed skin-strengthening effects following α-13'-COOH treatment, without changes in mRNA expression. Cytokeratin 10 mRNA expression tended to be increased in response to α-13'-COOH. Anti-allergic properties of α-13'-COOH were studied by pre-incubation of human leukocytes with α-13'-COOH. This resulted in reduced sulfido-leukotriene synthesis. The hyperproliferation effect of histamine in atopic dermatitis skin models may be of further interest to the study of disease-associated morphological changes. Moreover, α-13'-COOH is a promising natural compound for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Riedl
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wiegand
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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10
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Analysis of clinical presentations, lip transepidermal water loss and associated dermatological conditions in patients with chronic cheilitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22497. [PMID: 36577807 PMCID: PMC9797544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cheilitis (CC) is a spectrum of inflammatory changes of unknown etiology that affect the vermilion of the lips. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical presentations and risk factors of CC. Patients with CC were recruited from the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of China. A convenience sample of inhabitants who live in the same geographical region were recruited as the control group. The lip skin transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and capacitance of CC patients were compared with that of age- and gender-matched controls. Our results demonstrated that of the 109 patients with CC, 72 (66.1%; 95% CI: 57.0-75.1%) were female. The common clinical presentations of CC consisted of desquamation (n = 99; 90.8%), and/or chapping (n = 81; 74.3%), and/or pruritus (n = 64; 58.7%). Multivariable analysis showed that allergic dermatologic diseases (P < 0.001; OR: 4.5; 95% CI: 2.4-8.4), anemia (P = 0.001; OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.5-7.5), and indoor/outdoor alternate working environment (P < 0.001; OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.5-2.8) were the significant risk factors for CC. The mean lip skin TEWL was found to be significantly higher, while the capacitance was lower in CC patients compared to that of control individuals. This study provides insights into the etiopathogenesis of CC and may help clinicians to identify the most effective management strategies.
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11
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Fujikawa M, Sugimoto H, Tamura R, Fujikawa K, Yamagishi A, Ueda Y. Effects of mucopolysaccharide polysulphate on tight junction barrier in human epidermal keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1676-1684. [PMID: 35770317 PMCID: PMC9796026 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) play important roles in epidermal barrier function and their dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of various skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD). Mucopolysaccharide polysulphate (MPS) is the active ingredient of a moisturizing agent used to treat xerosis in patients with AD; however, its mechanism of action on TJ barrier function remains unclear. To elucidate the effects of MPS on TJs, adult human epidermal keratinocyte (HEKa) cells were exposed to MPS, subjected to Western blotting and quantitative PCR analyses for the investigation of TJ-related factors. MPS treatment significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of claudin-1 (CLDN1) and zonula occludens-1, and significantly increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), which indicates TJ integrity. Conversely, the sulphated and non-sulphated glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid, respectively, had little effect on TEER or the expression of mRNAs or TJ-related proteins. Interestingly, MPS treatment also inactivated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling pathway, which is known to negatively regulate CLDN1 expression. Furthermore, MPS notably improved the reduction in CLDN1 expression and TEER caused by histamine, which is upregulated in the skin of patients with AD and is known to disrupt the TJ barrier function. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that treatment with the moisturizing agent, MPS, can repair TJ dysfunction and could therefore represent a new therapeutic option for treating patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rie Tamura
- Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd.KyotoJapan
| | | | | | - Yuhki Ueda
- Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd.KyotoJapan
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12
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Maguire G. Chronic inflammation induced by microneedling and the use of bone marrow stem cell cytokines. J Tissue Viability 2022; 31:687-692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Lim JH, Kim DH, Noh KH, Jung CR, Kang HM. The proliferative and multipotent epidermal progenitor cells for human skin reconstruction in vitro and in vivo. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13284. [PMID: 35723171 PMCID: PMC9436902 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The skin exhibits tremendous regenerative potential, as different types of progenitor and stem cells regulate skin homeostasis and damage. However, in vitro primary keratinocytes present with several drawbacks, such as high donor variability, short lifespan, and limited donor tissue availability. Therefore, more stable primary keratinocytes are needed to generate multiple uniform in vitro and in vivo skin models. RESULTS We identified epidermal progenitor cells from primary keratinocytes using Integrin beta 1 (ITGB1) an epidermal stem cell marker markedly decreased after senescence in vitro. Epidermal progenitor cells exhibited unlimited proliferation and the potential for multipotent differentiation capacity. Moreover, they could completely differentiate to form an organotypic skin model including conversed mesenchymal cells in the dermis and could mimic the morphologic and biochemical processes of human epidermis. We also discovered that proliferation and the multipotent differentiation capacity of these cells relied on ITGB1 expression. Eventually, we examined the in vitro and in vivo wound healing capacity of these epidermal progenitor cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings suggest that these stable and reproducible cells can differentiate into multiple lineages, including human skin models. They are a potentially powerful tool for studying skin regeneration, skin diseases, and are an alternative for in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwa Lim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hun Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Noh
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kang
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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14
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Beck LA, Cork MJ, Amagai M, De Benedetto A, Kabashima K, Hamilton JD, Rossi AB. Type 2 Inflammation Contributes to Skin Barrier Dysfunction in Atopic Dermatitis. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 2:100131. [PMID: 36059592 PMCID: PMC9428921 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin barrier dysfunction, a defining feature of atopic dermatitis (AD), arises from multiple interacting systems. In AD, skin inflammation is caused by host-environment interactions involving keratinocytes as well as tissue-resident immune cells such as type 2 innate lymphoid cells, basophils, mast cells, and T helper type 2 cells, which produce type 2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-31. Type 2 inflammation broadly impacts the expression of genes relevant for barrier function, such as intracellular structural proteins, extracellular lipids, and junctional proteins, and enhances Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization. Systemic anti‒type 2 inflammation therapies may improve dysfunctional skin barrier in AD.
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Key Words
- AD, atopic dermatitis
- AMP, antimicrobial peptide
- CLDN, claudin
- FFA, free fatty acid
- ILC2, type 2 innate lymphoid cell
- Jaki, Jak inhibitor
- K, keratin
- KC, keratinocyte
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- NMF, natural moisturizing factor
- PAR, protease-activated receptor
- PDE-4, phosphodiesterase-4
- SC, stratum corneum
- SG, stratum granulosum
- TCI, topical calcineurin inhibitor
- TCS, topical corticosteroid
- TEWL, transepidermal water loss
- TJ, tight junction
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- TYK, tyrosine kinase
- Th, T helper
- ZO, zona occludens
- hBD, human β-defensin
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Beck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA,Correspondence: Lisa A. Beck, Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 697, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
| | - Michael J. Cork
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease (IICD), The University of Sheffield, The Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Anna De Benedetto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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15
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Barbieux C, Bonnet des Claustres M, Fahrner M, Petrova E, Tsoi LC, Gouin O, Leturcq F, Nicaise-Roland P, Bole C, Béziat V, Bourrat E, Schilling O, Gudjonsson JE, Hovnanian A. Netherton syndrome subtypes share IL-17/IL-36 signature with distinct IFN-α and allergic responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1358-1372. [PMID: 34543653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare recessive skin disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in SPINK5 encoding the protease inhibitor LEKTI (lymphoepithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor). NS patients experience severe skin barrier defects, display inflammatory skin lesions, and have superficial scaling with atopic manifestations. They present with typical ichthyosis linearis circumflexa (NS-ILC) or scaly erythroderma (NS-SE). OBJECTIVE We used a combination of several molecular profiling methods to comprehensively characterize the skin, immune cells, and allergic phenotypes of NS-ILC and NS-SE patients. METHODS We studied a cohort of 13 patients comprising 9 NS-ILC and 4 NS-SE. RESULTS Integrated multiomics revealed abnormal epidermal proliferation and differentiation and IL-17/IL-36 signatures in lesion skin and in blood in both NS endotypes. Although the molecular profiles of NS-ILC and NS-SE lesion skin were very similar, nonlesion skin of each disease subtype displayed distinctive molecular features. Nonlesion and lesion NS-SE epidermis showed activation of the type I IFN signaling pathway, while lesion NS-ILC skin differed from nonlesion NS-ILC skin by increased complement activation and neutrophil infiltration. Serum cytokine profiling and immunophenotyping of circulating lymphocytes showed a TH2-driven allergic response in NS-ILC, whereas NS-SE patients displayed mainly a TH9 axis with increased CCL22/MDC and CCL17/TARC serum levels. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms IL-17/IL-36 as the predominant signaling axes in both NS endotypes and unveils molecular features distinguishing NS-ILC and NS-SE. These results identify new therapeutic targets and could pave the way for precision medicine of NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Barbieux
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Matthias Fahrner
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evgeniya Petrova
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Gouin
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Florent Leturcq
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Nicaise-Roland
- Department of Immunology, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP-Nord, Paris, France; INSERM UMR 1152, Paris, France
| | | | - Vivien Béziat
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Alain Hovnanian
- University of Paris, Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children (AP-HP), Paris, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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16
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Szöllősi AG, Oláh A, Lisztes E, Griger Z, Tóth BI. Pruritus: A Sensory Symptom Generated in Cutaneous Immuno-Neuronal Crosstalk. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:745658. [PMID: 35321329 PMCID: PMC8937025 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.745658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus or itch generated in the skin is one of the most widespread symptoms associated with various dermatological and systemic (immunological) conditions. Although many details about the molecular mechanisms of the development of both acute and chronic itch were uncovered in the last 2 decades, our understanding is still incomplete and the clinical management of pruritic conditions is one of the biggest challenges in daily dermatological practice. Recent research revealed molecular interactions between pruriceptive sensory neurons and surrounding cutaneous cell types including keratinocytes, as well as resident and transient cells of innate and adaptive immunity. Especially in inflammatory conditions, these cutaneous cells can produce various mediators, which can contribute to the excitation of pruriceptive sensory fibers resulting in itch sensation. There also exists significant communication in the opposite direction: sensory neurons can release mediators that maintain an inflamed, pruritic tissue-environment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the sensory transduction of pruritus detailing the local intercellular interactions that generate itch. We especially emphasize the role of various pruritic mediators in the bidirectional crosstalk between cutaneous non-neuronal cells and sensory fibers. We also list various dermatoses and immunological conditions associated with itch, and discuss the potential immune-neuronal interactions promoting the development of pruritus in the particular diseases. These data may unveil putative new targets for antipruritic pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erika Lisztes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Griger
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs István Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Balázs István Tóth,
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17
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Kordulewska N, Topa J, Cieślińska A, Jarmołowska B. Osthole Regulates Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Expression of TLR2 and NF-κB in Normal Human Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1501-1519. [PMID: 35261546 PMCID: PMC8898189 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s349216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kordulewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: Natalia Kordulewska, Tel + 48 89 523 37 63, Fax + 48 89 535 20 15, Email
| | - Justyna Topa
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Cieślińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Beata Jarmołowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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18
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Kim DY, Won KJ, Hwang DI, Kim NY, Kim B, Lee HM. 1-Iodohexadecane Alleviates 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in Mice: Possible Involvements of the Skin Barrier and Mast Cell SNARE Proteins. Molecules 2022; 27:1560. [PMID: 35268661 PMCID: PMC8911872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory dermal disease with symptoms that include inflammation, itching, and dry skin. 1-Iodohexadecane is known as a component of Chrysanthemum boreale essential oil that has an inhibitory effect on AD-like lesions. However, its effects on AD-related pathological events have not been investigated. Here, we explored the effects of 1-iodohexadecane on AD lesion-related in vitro and in vivo responses and the mechanism involved using human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), mast cells (RBL-2H3 cells), and a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced mouse model (male BALB/c) of AD. Protein analyses were performed by immunoblotting or immunohistochemistry. In RBL-2H3 cells, 1-iodohexadecane inhibited immunoglobulin E-induced releases of histamine and β-hexosaminidase and the expression of VAMP8 protein (vesicle-associated membrane proteins 8; a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor [SNARE] protein). In HaCaT cells, 1-iodohexadecane enhanced filaggrin and loricrin expressions; in DNCB-treated mice, it improved AD-like skin lesions, reduced epidermal thickness, mast cell infiltration, and increased filaggrin and loricrin expressions (skin barrier proteins). In addition, 1-iodohexadecane reduced the β-hexosaminidase level in the serum of DNCB-applied mice. These results suggest that 1-iodohexadecane may ameliorate AD lesion severity by disrupting SNARE protein-linked degranulation and/or by enhancing the expressions of skin barrier-related proteins, and that 1-iodohexadecane has therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yoon Kim
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (D.I.H.); (N.Y.K.)
| | - Kyung-Jong Won
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.-J.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Dae Il Hwang
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (D.I.H.); (N.Y.K.)
| | - Nan Young Kim
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (D.I.H.); (N.Y.K.)
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.-J.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Hwan Myung Lee
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (D.I.H.); (N.Y.K.)
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19
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Usuki S, Tamura N, Tamura T, Yuyama K, Mikami D, Mukai K, Igarashi Y. Konjac Ceramide (kCer)-Mediated Signal Transduction of the Sema3A Pathway Promotes HaCaT Keratinocyte Differentiation. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010121. [PMID: 35053118 PMCID: PMC8772740 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Konjac ceramide (kCer) is a unique molecular species of plant-type ceramide, and is a potential Sema3A-like ligand of Nrp1. kCer suppresses histamine-stimulated cell migration of HaCaT keratinocytes. This effect of kCer is not due to histamine-activated GPCRs, but rather to Sema3A-Nrp1 receptor binding. The present study focused on the ability of kCer to induce cell differentiation, in addition to its anti-migratory effects. We demonstrated that the effects of kCer on cell migration and cell differentiation are perpetuated by a cascade of crosstalk between pathways downstream of Nrp1 and GPCR in HaCaT cells. Abstract Histamines suppress epidermal keratinocyte differentiation. Previously, we reported that konjac ceramide (kCer) suppresses histamine-stimulated cell migration of HaCaT keratinocytes. kCer specifically binds to Nrp1 and does not interact with histamine receptors. The signaling mechanism of kCer in HaCaT cells is also controlled by an intracellular signaling cascade activated by the Sema3A-Nrp1 pathway. In the present study, we demonstrated that kCer treatment induced HaCaT keratinocyte differentiation after migration of immature cells. kCer-induced HaCaT cell differentiation was accompanied by some features of keratinocyte differentiation markers. kCer induced activating phosphorylation of p38MAPK and c-Fos, which increased the protein levels of involucrin that was the latter differentiation marker. In addition, we demonstrated that the effects of both kCer and histamines are regulated by an intracellular mechanism of Rac1 activation/RhoA inhibition downstream of the Sema3A/Nrp1 receptor and histamine/GPCR pathways. In summary, the effects of kCer on cell migration and cell differentiation are regulated by cascade crosstalk between downstream Nrp1 and histamine-GPCR pathways in HaCaT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigo Usuki
- Lipid Biofunction Section, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; (K.Y.); (D.M.); (K.M.); (Y.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-9086; Fax: +81-11-706-9024
| | - Noriko Tamura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; (N.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Tomohiro Tamura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; (N.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Kohei Yuyama
- Lipid Biofunction Section, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; (K.Y.); (D.M.); (K.M.); (Y.I.)
| | - Daisuke Mikami
- Lipid Biofunction Section, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; (K.Y.); (D.M.); (K.M.); (Y.I.)
| | - Katsuyuki Mukai
- Lipid Biofunction Section, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; (K.Y.); (D.M.); (K.M.); (Y.I.)
- R & D Headquarters, Daicel Corporation, Tokyo 108-8230, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Igarashi
- Lipid Biofunction Section, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; (K.Y.); (D.M.); (K.M.); (Y.I.)
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20
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Vorstandlechner V, Laggner M, Copic D, Klas K, Direder M, Chen Y, Golabi B, Haslik W, Radtke C, Tschachler E, Hötzenecker K, Ankersmit HJ, Mildner M. The serine proteases dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 and urokinase are key molecules in human and mouse scar formation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6242. [PMID: 34716325 PMCID: PMC8556235 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in understanding skin scarring, mechanisms triggering hypertrophic scar formation are still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigate mature human hypertrophic scars and developing scars in mice at single cell resolution. Compared to normal skin, we find significant differences in gene expression in most cell types present in scar tissue. Fibroblasts show the most prominent alterations in gene expression, displaying a distinct fibrotic signature. By comparing genes upregulated in murine fibroblasts during scar development with genes highly expressed in mature human hypertrophic scars, we identify a group of serine proteases, tentatively involved in scar formation. Two of them, dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) and urokinase (PLAU), are further analyzed in functional assays, revealing a role in TGFβ1-mediated myofibroblast differentiation and over-production of components of the extracellular matrix in vitro. Topical treatment with inhibitors of DPP4 and PLAU during scar formation in vivo shows anti-fibrotic activity and improvement of scar quality, most prominently after application of the PLAU inhibitor BC-11. In this study, we delineate the genetic landscape of hypertrophic scars and present insights into mechanisms involved in hypertrophic scar formation. Our data suggest the use of serine protease inhibitors for the treatment of skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Vorstandlechner
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG (FN 308089y), Dresdner Straße 87/A21, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Laggner
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG (FN 308089y), Dresdner Straße 87/A21, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragan Copic
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG (FN 308089y), Dresdner Straße 87/A21, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Klas
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG (FN 308089y), Dresdner Straße 87/A21, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Direder
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG (FN 308089y), Dresdner Straße 87/A21, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yiyan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bahar Golabi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Haslik
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hötzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Aposcience AG (FN 308089y), Dresdner Straße 87/A21, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Lu Y, Chen H, Zhang J, Tang B, Zhang H, Ma C, Tang X, Li L, Wu J, Wei J, Li S, Yang L, Han L, Lu C. Fuzhenghefuzhiyang Formula (FZHFZY) Improves Epidermal Differentiation via Suppression of the Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 Signalling Pathway in Psoriatic Models. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650816. [PMID: 34456715 PMCID: PMC8386017 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic proliferative skin disorder characterised by abnormal epidermal differentiation. The Fuzhenghefuzhiyang (FZHFZY) formula created by Chuanjian Lu, a master of Chinese medicine in dermatology, has been external used in the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine for the treatment of psoriasis, but its mechanisms of action against psoriasis remain poorly understood. This study involved an exploration of the effects of FZHFZY on epidermal differentiation and its underlying mechanisms in interleukin (IL)-17A/IL-22/interferon (IFN)-γ/tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α–stimulated HaCaT cells and in a mouse model of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Epidermal differentiation was detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Histological evaluation of the skin tissue was performed via haematoxylin and eosin staining, and the Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 pathway was analysed by western blotting. FZHFZY inhibited proliferation and improved epidermal differentiation in IL-17A/IL-22/IFN-γ/TNF-α–induced HaCaT cells. FZHFZY ameliorated symptoms of psoriasis, regulated epidermal differentiation and inhibited phosphorylation of the Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 pathway in the skin of mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis. Our results suggest that FZHFZY may exhibit therapeutic action against psoriasis by regulating epidermal differentiation via inhibition of the Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Chinese Medicine Dermatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Chinese Medicine Dermatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Chinese Medicine Dermatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changju Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Chinese Medicine Dermatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Guangzhou Youcare Biopharmaceutics Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Chinese Medicine Dermatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Chinese Medicine Dermatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Mitamura Y, Ogulur I, Pat Y, Rinaldi AO, Ardicli O, Cevhertas L, Brüggen MC, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Dysregulation of the epithelial barrier by environmental and other exogenous factors. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:615-626. [PMID: 34420214 PMCID: PMC9293165 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The “epithelial barrier hypothesis” proposes that the exposure to various epithelial barrier–damaging agents linked to industrialization and urbanization underlies the increase in allergic diseases. The epithelial barrier constitutes the first line of physical, chemical, and immunological defense against environmental factors. Recent reports have shown that industrial products disrupt the epithelial barriers. Innate and adaptive immune responses play an important role in epithelial barrier damage. In addition, recent studies suggest that epithelial barrier dysfunction plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of the atopic march by allergen sensitization through the transcutaneous route. It is evident that external factors interact with the immune system, triggering a cascade of complex reactions that damage the epithelial barrier. Epigenetic and microbiome changes modulate the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Robust and simple measurements of the skin barrier dysfunction at the point‐of‐care are of significant value as a biomarker, as recently reported using electrical impedance spectroscopy to directly measure barrier defects. Understanding epithelial barrier dysfunction and its mechanism is key to developing novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize recent studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by environmental factors that contribute to the dysregulation of epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos.,Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yagiz Pat
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Arturo O Rinaldi
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos
| | - Ozge Ardicli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Lacin Cevhertas
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos.,Department of Medical Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Marie-Charlotte Brüggen
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos.,Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos
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23
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Yang CC, Hung YL, Li HJ, Lin YF, Wang SJ, Chang DC, Pu CM, Hung CF. Quercetin inhibits histamine-induced calcium influx in human keratinocyte via histamine H4 receptors. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107620. [PMID: 33862555 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Histamine is released from mast cells when tissues are inflamed or stimulated by allergens. Activation of histamine receptors and calcium influx via TRPV1 could be related to histamine-induced itch and skin inflammation. Quercetin is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-itching effects. This study aims to understand whether quercetin can directly affect histamine-induced calcium influx in human keratinocyte. In it, we investigated quercetin, which acts on histamine-induced intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) elevation in human keratinocyte. Changes in [Ca2+]i were measured using spectrofluorometry and confocal Imaging. We detected the expression of IL-8 after treatment of quercetin using qRT-PCR and evaluated its anti-itching effect in BALB/c mice. We also performed a docking study to estimate the binding affinity of quercetin to H4 receptors. We found that quercetin pretreatment decreased histamine-induced [Ca2+]i elevation in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of quercetin on histamine-induced [Ca2+]i elevation was blocked by JNJ7777120, a selective H4 antagonist, as well as by U73122, a PLC inhibitor, and by GF109203X, a PKC inhibitor. We also found that H4 agonist (4-methylhistamine)-induced [Ca2+]i elevation could be inhibited by quercetin. Moreover, the selective TRPV1 blocker capsazepine significantly suppressed the quercetin-mediated inhibition of histamine-induced [Ca2+]i elevation, whereas the TRPV4 blocker GSK2193874 had no effect. Last, quercetin decreased histamine and H4 agonist-induced IL-8 expression in keratinocyte and inhibited the scratching behavior-induced compound 48/80 in BALB/c mice. The molecular docking study also showed that quercetin exhibited high binding affinities with H4 receptors (autodock scores for H4 = -8.7 kcal/mol). These data suggest that quercetin could decrease histamine 4 receptor-induced calcium influx through the TRPV1 channel and could provide a molecular mechanism of quercetin in anti-itching, anti-inflammatory, and unpleasant sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chi Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Ling Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ju Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Fan Lin
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Der-Chen Chang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Department of Computer Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Chi-Ming Pu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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24
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Lachner J, Derdak S, Mlitz V, Wagner T, Holthaus KB, Ehrlich F, Mildner M, Tschachler E, Eckhart L. An In Vitro Model of Avian Skin Reveals Evolutionarily Conserved Transcriptional Regulation of Epidermal Barrier Formation. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2829-2837. [PMID: 34116064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The function of the skin as a barrier against a dry environment evolved in a common ancestor of terrestrial vertebrates such as mammals and birds. However, it is unknown which elements of the genetic program of skin barrier formation are evolutionarily ancient and conserved. In this study, we determined the transcriptomes of chicken keratinocytes (KCs) grown in monolayer culture and in an organotypic model of avian skin. The differentiation-associated changes in global gene expression were compared with previously published transcriptome changes of human KCs cultured under equivalent conditions. We found that specific keratins and genes of the epidermal differentiation complex were upregulated during the differentiation of both chicken and human KCs. Likewise, the transcriptional upregulation of genes that control the synthesis and transport of lipids, anti-inflammatory cytokines of the IL-1 family, protease inhibitors, and other regulators of tissue homeostasis was conserved in the KCs of both species. However, some avian KC differentiation-associated transcripts lack homologs in mammals and vice versa, indicating a genetic basis for taxon-specific skin features. The results of this study reveal an evolutionarily ancient program in which dynamic gene transcription controls the metabolism and transport of lipids as well as other core processes during terrestrial skin barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lachner
- Skin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia Derdak
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Mlitz
- Skin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Wagner
- Skin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Brigit Holthaus
- Skin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Ehrlich
- Skin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Skin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Skin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Skin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Voss M, Kotrba J, Gaffal E, Katsoulis-Dimitriou K, Dudeck A. Mast Cells in the Skin: Defenders of Integrity or Offenders in Inflammation? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094589. [PMID: 33925601 PMCID: PMC8123885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are best-known as key effector cells of immediate-type allergic reactions that may even culminate in life-threatening anaphylactic shock syndromes. However, strategically positioned at the host–environment interfaces and equipped with a plethora of receptors, MCs also play an important role in the first-line defense against pathogens. Their main characteristic, the huge amount of preformed proinflammatory mediators embedded in secretory granules, allows for a rapid response and initiation of further immune effector cell recruitment. The same mechanism, however, may account for detrimental overshooting responses. MCs are not only detrimental in MC-driven diseases but also responsible for disease exacerbation in other inflammatory disorders. Focusing on the skin as the largest immune organ, we herein review both beneficial and detrimental functions of skin MCs, from skin barrier integrity via host defense mechanisms to MC-driven inflammatory skin disorders. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of IgE-independent pathways of MC activation and their role in sustained chronic skin inflammation and disease exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Voss
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Johanna Kotrba
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Evelyn Gaffal
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Konstantinos Katsoulis-Dimitriou
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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26
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Meloni M, Balzaretti S, Collard N, Desaint S, Laperdrix C. Reproducing the scalp microbiota community: co-colonization of a 3D reconstructed human epidermis with C. acnes and M. restricta. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:235-245. [PMID: 33469935 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A 3D reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model colonized with specific microbial strains was developed to model the complex interactions between strains of the human scalp hair. METHODS Reconstructed human epidermis was colonized with Cutibacterium acnes and Malassezia restricta for 72 h. The epidermal model was characterized in terms of morphology, using immune-labelling targeting biomarkers for barrier structure, proliferation, differentiation and anti-microbial defence. The barrier function was assessed by transepithelial electrical eesistance (TEER) measurements. In order to study the microorganisms on the epidermal model, viable counts and phenotype ultrastructure analysis were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The RHE colonized with C. acnes did not lead to severe modifications of the physiological barrier integrity and viability, though it shows aggregates. M. restricta formed large aggregates by a close interaction with the RHE, thus causing both a strong decrease in barrier function and structure degradation and an increased human beta defensin 2 (HBD2) expression. The co-colonized model resulted in barrier depletion, but the overall damage was less severe, respecting the single colonization with M. restricta. The developed 'scalp model' allowed to identify morphological modifications leading to uncontrolled epidermal renewal. CONCLUSION This study shows a pre-clinical model that recapitulates the interactions that can occur between site-specific microbial strains and keratinocytes in dandruff condition. The model can be applied to assess ingredients and products' mechanism of action.
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27
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Chieosilapatham P, Kiatsurayanon C, Umehara Y, Trujillo-Paez JV, Peng G, Yue H, Nguyen LTH, Niyonsaba F. Keratinocytes: innate immune cells in atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 204:296-309. [PMID: 33460469 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is a unique immune organ that constitutes a complex network of physical, chemical and microbiological barriers against external insults. Keratinocytes are the most abundant cell type in the epidermis. These cells form the physical skin barrier and represent the first line of the host defense system by sensing pathogens via innate immune receptors, initiating anti-microbial responses and producing various cytokines, chemokines and anti-microbial peptides, which are important events in immunity. A damaged epidermal barrier in atopic dermatitis allows the penetration of potential allergens and pathogens to activate keratinocytes. Among the dysregulation of immune responses in atopic dermatitis, activated keratinocytes play a role in several biological processes that contribute to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the innate immune functions of keratinocytes in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, with a special emphasis on skin-derived anti-microbial peptides and atopic dermatitis-related cytokines and chemokines in keratinocytes. An improved understanding of the innate immunity mediated by keratinocytes can provide helpful insight into the pathophysiological processes of atopic dermatitis and support new therapeutic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chieosilapatham
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - C Kiatsurayanon
- Institute of Dermatology, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Y Umehara
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J V Trujillo-Paez
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - G Peng
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Yue
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L T H Nguyen
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Niyonsaba
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Vu YH, Hashimoto-Hachiya A, Takemura M, Yumine A, Mitamura Y, Nakahara T, Furue M, Tsuji G. IL-24 Negatively Regulates Keratinocyte Differentiation Induced by Tapinarof, an Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulator: Implication in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249412. [PMID: 33321923 PMCID: PMC7764126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin barrier dysfunction, including reduced filaggrin (FLG) and loricrin (LOR) expression, plays a critical role in atopic dermatitis (AD) development. Since aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, mediates keratinocyte differentiation, it is a potential target for AD treatment. Recently, clinical studies have shown that tapinarof, an AHR modulator, attenuated the development of AD. To examine the molecular mechanism involved in this, we analyzed tapinarof-treated normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Tapinarof upregulated FLG and LOR mRNA and protein expression in an AHR-dependent manner. Tapinarof also induced the secretion of IL-24, a cytokine that activates Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), leading to the downregulation of FLG and LOR expression. Knockdown of either IL-24 or STAT3 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection augmented the upregulation of FLG and LOR expression induced by tapinarof, suggesting that inhibition of the IL-24/STAT3 axis during AHR activation supports the improvement of skin barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, tapinarof alone could restore the downregulation of FLG and LOR expression induced by IL-4, a key cytokine of AD, and its combination with JAK inhibitors enhanced this effect. These findings provide a new strategy for treating AD using AHR modulators and JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Hai Vu
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.H.V.); (A.H.-H.); (M.T.); (A.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Akiko Hashimoto-Hachiya
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.H.V.); (A.H.-H.); (M.T.); (A.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Masaki Takemura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.H.V.); (A.H.-H.); (M.T.); (A.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Ayako Yumine
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.H.V.); (A.H.-H.); (M.T.); (A.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.H.V.); (A.H.-H.); (M.T.); (A.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Takeshi Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.H.V.); (A.H.-H.); (M.T.); (A.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.N.); (M.F.)
- Division of Skin Surface Sensing, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.H.V.); (A.H.-H.); (M.T.); (A.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.N.); (M.F.)
- Division of Skin Surface Sensing, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Gaku Tsuji
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.H.V.); (A.H.-H.); (M.T.); (A.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.N.); (M.F.)
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-5585; Fax: +81-92-642-5600
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29
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Haftek M, McAleer MA, Jakasa I, McLean WI, Kezic S, Irvine AD. Changes in nano-mechanical properties of human epidermal cornified cells in children with atopic dermatitis. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:97. [PMID: 32954014 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15729.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Impaired skin barrier is an important etiological factor in atopic dermatitis (AD). The structural protein filaggrin (FLG) plays a major role in maintenance of the competent skin barrier and its deficiency is associated with enhanced susceptibility to mechanical injury. Here we examined biomechanical characteristics of the corneocytes in children with AD and healthy controls. Methods: We recruited 20 children with AD and 7 healthy children. They were genotyped for filaggrin gene ( FLG) loss-of-function mutations. Stratum corneum was collected from clinically unaffected skin by adhesive tapes. Cell stiffness (apparent elastic modulus, Ea) was determined by atomic force microscopy and filaggrin degradation products (NMF) by liquid chromatography. Skin barrier function was assessed through trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and disease severity by the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) tool. Results: Corneocytes collected from AD patients showed a decreased elastic modulus which was strongly correlated with NMF and TEWL, but not with SCORAD. As compared with healthy controls, AD patients had reduced TEWL and NMF levels regardless of FLG mutations. NMF was strongly correlated with TEWL. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that AD patients have decreased corneocyte stiffness which correlates with reduced levels of filaggrin degradation products, NMF and skin barrier function. Altered mechanical properties of the corneocytes likely contribute to the loss of mechanical integrity of the SC and to reduced skin barrier function in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Haftek
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR5305, Lyon, France
| | - Maeve A McAleer
- Dermatology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ivone Jakasa
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry,, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wh Irwin McLean
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Univsersity of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alan D Irvine
- Dermatology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Genetic and Epigenetic Aspects of Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186484. [PMID: 32899887 PMCID: PMC7554821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a heterogeneous disease, in which the pathogenesis is associated with mutations in genes encoding epidermal structural proteins, barrier enzymes, and their inhibitors; the role of genes regulating innate and adaptive immune responses and environmental factors inducing the disease is also noted. Recent studies point to the key role of epigenetic changes in the development of the disease. Epigenetic modifications are mainly mediated by DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and the action of specific non-coding RNAs. It has been documented that the profile of epigenetic changes in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) differs from that observed in healthy people. This applies to the genes affecting the regulation of immune response and inflammatory processes, e.g., both affecting Th1 bias and promoting Th2 responses and the genes of innate immunity, as well as those encoding the structural proteins of the epidermis. Understanding of the epigenetic alterations is therefore pivotal to both create new molecular classifications of atopic dermatitis and to enable the development of personalized treatment strategies.
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Lestienne F, Viodé C, Ceruti I, Carrere S, Bessou-Touya S, Duplan H, Castex-Rizzi N. Cutaneous sensitivity modulation by Aquaphilus dolomiae extract-G3 on in vitro models of neuro-inflammation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34 Suppl 5:43-48. [PMID: 32870552 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis (AD), associated pruritus and sensitive skin, have a complex multifactorial pathogenesis including neurogenic inflammation involving the release in blood and skin of neurotransmitters such as substance P (SP). AIMS AND METHODS In vitro models evaluated the effect of the original biological extract of Aquaphilus dolomiae extract-G3 (ADE-G3) on cutaneous neurogenic inflammation. RESULTS ADE-G3 significantly inhibited SP-stimulated release of IL-1β and TNF-α from normal human epidermal keratinocytes; significantly and dose-dependently inhibited SP-stimulated activation of human mast cells; significantly inhibited veratridine-stimulated release of SP from human sensory neurons; modulated expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis, innate immunity, corneocyte scaffolding and epidermal differentiation in a histamine-sensitized reconstructed human epidermis model; and, when applied topically to ex vivo human explants, inhibited IL-8 and histamine release. CONCLUSIONS Topically applied ADE-G3, once formulated, may improve neuro-inflammation in patients with inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lestienne
- Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - C Viodé
- Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - I Ceruti
- Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - S Carrere
- Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - S Bessou-Touya
- Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - H Duplan
- Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - N Castex-Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse Cedex 1, France
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Brough HA, Nadeau KC, Sindher SB, Alkotob SS, Chan S, Bahnson HT, Leung DYM, Lack G. Epicutaneous sensitization in the development of food allergy: What is the evidence and how can this be prevented? Allergy 2020; 75:2185-2205. [PMID: 32249942 PMCID: PMC7494573 DOI: 10.1111/all.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence regarding the importance of allergic sensitization through the skin. In this review, we provide an overview of the atopic march and immune mechanism underlying the sensitization and effector phase of food allergy. We present experimental models and human data that support the concept of epicutaneous sensitization and how this forms one half of the dual-allergen exposure hypothesis. We discuss specific important elements in the skin (FLG and other skin barrier gene mutations, Langerhans cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, IL-33, TSLP) that have important roles in the development of allergic responses as well as the body of evidence on environmental allergen exposure and how this can sensitize an individual. Given the link between skin barrier impairment, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic asthma, and allergic rhinitis, it is logical that restoring the skin barrier and prevention or treating atopic dermatitis would have beneficial effects on prevention of related allergic diseases, particularly food allergy. We present the experimental and human studies that have evaluated this approach and discuss various factors which may influence the success of these approaches, such as the type of emollient chosen for the intervention, the role of managing skin inflammation, and differences between primary and secondary prevention of atopic dermatitis to achieve the desired outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen A Brough
- Paediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- Paediatric Allergy Group, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guys' Hospital, London, UK
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sayantani B Sindher
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shifaa S Alkotob
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susan Chan
- Paediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- Paediatric Allergy Group, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guys' Hospital, London, UK
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Henry T Bahnson
- Benaroya Research Institute and Immune Tolerance Network, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donald Y M Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Gideon Lack
- Paediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- Paediatric Allergy Group, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guys' Hospital, London, UK
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Imaging of metabolic activity adaptations to UV stress, drugs and differentiation at cellular resolution in skin and skin equivalents - Implications for oxidative UV damage. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101583. [PMID: 32713735 PMCID: PMC7767734 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermis is a multi-layered epithelium that consists mainly of keratinocytes which proliferate in its basal layer and then differentiate to form the stratum corneum, the skin's ultimate barrier to the environment. During differentiation keratinocyte function, chemical composition, physical properties, metabolism and secretion are profoundly changed. Extrinsic or intrinsic stressors, like ultraviolet (UV) radiation thus may differently affect the epidermal keratinocytes, depending on differentiation stage. Exposure to UV elicits the DNA damage responses, activation of pathways which detoxify or repair damage or induction of programmed cell death when the damage was irreparable. Recently, rapid diversion of glucose flux into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) was discovered as additional mechanism by which cells rapidly generate reduction equivalents and precursors for nucleotides - both being in demand after UV damage. There is however little known about the correlation of such metabolic activity with differentiation state, cell damage and tissue localization of epidermal cells. We developed a method to correlate the activity of G6PD, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of this metabolic UV response, at cellular resolution to cell type, differentiation state, and cell damage in human skin and in organotypic reconstructed epidermis. We thereby could verify rapid activation of G6PD as an immediate UVB response not only in basal but also in differentiating epidermal keratinocytes and found increased activity in cells which initiated DNA damage responses. When keratinocytes had been UVB irradiated before organotypic culture, their distribution within the skin equivalent was abnormal and the G6PD activity was reduced compared to neighboring cells. Finally, we found that the anti-diabetic and potential anti-aging drug metformin strongly induced G6PD activity throughout reconstructed epidermis. Activation of the protective pentose phosphate pathway may be useful to enhance the skin's antioxidant defense systems and DNA damage repair capacity on demand.
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Haftek M, McAleer MA, Jakasa I, McLean WI, Kezic S, Irvine AD. Changes in nano-mechanical properties of human epidermal cornified cells in children with atopic dermatitis. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:97. [PMID: 32954014 PMCID: PMC7477645 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15729.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Impaired skin barrier is an important etiological factor in atopic dermatitis (AD). The structural protein filaggrin (FLG) plays a major role in maintenance of the competent skin barrier and its deficiency is associated with enhanced susceptibility to mechanical injury. Here we examined biomechanical characteristics of the corneocytes in children with AD and healthy controls. Methods: We recruited 20 children with AD and 7 healthy children. They were genotyped for filaggrin gene ( FLG) loss-of-function mutations. Stratum corneum was collected from clinically unaffected skin by adhesive tapes. Cell stiffness (apparent elastic modulus, Ea) was determined by atomic force microscopy and filaggrin degradation products (NMF) by liquid chromatography. Skin barrier function was assessed through trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and disease severity by the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) tool. Results: Corneocytes collected from AD patients showed a decreased elastic modulus which was strongly correlated with NMF and TEWL, but not with SCORAD. As compared with healthy controls, AD patients had reduced TEWL and NMF levels regardless of FLG mutations. NMF was strongly correlated with TEWL. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that AD patients have decreased corneocyte stiffness which correlates with reduced levels of filaggrin degradation products, NMF and skin barrier function. Altered mechanical properties of the corneocytes likely contribute to the loss of mechanical integrity of the SC and to reduced skin barrier function in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Haftek
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR5305, Lyon, France
| | - Maeve A McAleer
- Dermatology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ivone Jakasa
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry,, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wh Irwin McLean
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Univsersity of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alan D Irvine
- Dermatology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Milligan DA, Tyler EJ, Bishop CL. Tissue engineering to better understand senescence: Organotypics come of age. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111261. [PMID: 32461142 PMCID: PMC7493709 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The recent advent of 'organs in a dish' has revolutionised the research landscape. These 3D culture systems have paved the way for translational, post genomics research by enabling scientists to model diseases in the laboratory, grow patient-derived organoids, and unite this technology with other cutting-edge methodologies such as drug discovery. Fields such as dermatology and neuroscience have revolutionised the development of robust 3D models, which faithfully recapitulate native physiology in vivo to provide important functional and mechanistic insights. These models have underpinned a rapid growth in the number of organs and myriad of human diseases that can be modelled in 3D, which currently includes breast, cerebral cortex, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, lung, neural tube, pancreas, prostate, skin and stomach, as well as patient derived tumours. However, so far, they have not yet been employed extensively in the study of fundamental cellular programmes such as senescence. Thus, tissue engineering and 3D culture offer an exciting opportunity to further understand the bright and dark sides of senescence in a more complex and physiologically relevant environment. Below, we will discuss previous approaches to investigating senescence and ageing using organotypic models, and some potential opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Milligan
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Eleanor J Tyler
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Cleo L Bishop
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK.
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Sugita K, Soyka MB, Wawrzyniak P, Rinaldi AO, Mitamura Y, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Outside-in hypothesis revisited: The role of microbial, epithelial, and immune interactions. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 125:517-527. [PMID: 32454094 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our understanding of the origin of allergic diseases has increased in recent years, highlighting the importance of microbial dysbiosis and epithelial barrier dysfunction in affected tissues. Exploring the microbial-epithelial-immune crosstalk underlying the mechanisms of allergic diseases will allow the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies for allergic diseases. DATA SOURCES This review summarizes the recent advances in microbial, epithelial, and immune interactions in atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and asthma. STUDY SELECTIONS We performed a literature search, identifying relevant recent primary articles and review articles. RESULTS Dynamic crosstalk between the environmental factors and microbial, epithelial, and immune cells in the development of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and asthma underlies the pathogenesis of these diseases. There is substantial evidence in the literature suggesting that environmental factors directly affect barrier function of the epithelium. In addition, T-helper 2 (TH2) cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, and their cytokine interleukin 13 (IL-13) damage skin and lung barriers. The effects of environmental factors may at least in part be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Histone deacetylase activation by type 2 immune response has a major effect on leaky barriers and blocking of histone deacetylase activity corrects the defective barrier in human air-liquid interface cultures and mouse models of allergic asthma with rhinitis. We also present and discuss a novel device to detect and monitor skin barrier dysfunction, which provides an opportunity to rapidly and robustly assess disease severity. CONCLUSION A complex interplay between environmental factors, epithelium, and the immune system is involved in the development of systemic allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Sugita
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
| | - Michael B Soyka
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University and University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arturo O Rinaldi
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
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Leonardo TR, Shi J, Chen D, Trivedi HM, Chen L. Differential Expression and Function of Bicellular Tight Junctions in Skin and Oral Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082966. [PMID: 32340108 PMCID: PMC7216202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicellular tight junctions are multiprotein complexes that are required for maintenance of barrier function and fence function in epithelial tissues. Wound healing in the oral cavity leads to minimal scar formation compared to the skin, and the precise mechanisms for this regenerative response remain to be elucidated. We hypothesized that oral and skin tissues express a different tight junction repertoire both at baseline and during the wound healing response, and that these molecules may be critical to the differential repair between the two tissues. We re-analyzed a mouse skin and palate epithelium microarray dataset to identify the tight junction repertoire of these tissue types. We then re-analyzed a skin and tongue wound healing microarray dataset to see how expression levels of tight junction genes change over time in response to injury. We performed in vitro scratch assays on human oral and skin keratinocyte cell lines to assay for tight junction expression over time, tight junction expression in response to lipopolysaccharide and histamine treatment, and the effects of siRNA knockdown of claudin 1 or occludin on migration and proliferation. Our data showed that oral and skin epithelium expressed different tight junction genes at baseline and during the wound healing response. Knockdown of claudin 1 or occludin led to changes in proliferation and migration in human skin keratinocytes but not oral keratinocytes. Furthermore, we also showed that skin keratinocytes were more permeable than oral keratinocytes upon histamine treatment. In conclusion, this study highlights a specific subset of functional tight junction genes that are differentially expressed between the oral and skin tissues, which may contribute to the mechanisms leading to distinct healing phenotypes in response to injury in the two tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor R. Leonardo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Junhe Shi
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Dandan Chen
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (D.C.); (H.M.T.)
| | - Harsh M. Trivedi
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (D.C.); (H.M.T.)
| | - Lin Chen
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-312-413-5387; Fax: +1-312-996-0943
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Schaper‐Gerhardt K, Rossbach K, Nikolouli E, Werfel T, Gutzmer R, Mommert S. The role of the histamine H 4 receptor in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:490-502. [PMID: 30460986 PMCID: PMC7012951 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are common skin diseases with a high negative impact on patients' quality of life. Both diseases are mediated by a pro-inflammatory infiltrate consisting of several cell types, such as T-cells, antigen-presenting cells and granulocytes and display disturbed keratinocyte differentiation. Given the fact that histamine levels are also highly elevated in inflamed skin, it is likely that histamine plays a relevant role in disease pathology. However, antagonists blocking histamine H1 receptor or H2 receptors are largely ineffective in reducing chronic symptoms in AD and psoriasis. Over the last years, much research has been undertaken to shed light into the mode of action of the most recently discovered histamine H4 receptor. This research has shown that H4 receptor antagonists display antipruritic and anti-inflammatory effects not only in mouse models but also in first human clinical trials, and therefore, H4 receptors might present a novel therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize the effects of the H4 receptors on different cell types, mouse models and clinical studies in regard to AD and psoriasis respectively. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on New Uses for 21st Century. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.3/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schaper‐Gerhardt
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and AllergyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Kristine Rossbach
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and PharmacyVeterinary School HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Eirini Nikolouli
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and AllergyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and AllergyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and AllergyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Susanne Mommert
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and AllergyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
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Vorstandlechner V, Laggner M, Kalinina P, Haslik W, Radtke C, Shaw L, Lichtenberger BM, Tschachler E, Ankersmit HJ, Mildner M. Deciphering the functional heterogeneity of skin fibroblasts using single-cell RNA sequencing. FASEB J 2020; 34:3677-3692. [PMID: 31930613 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902001rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Though skin fibroblasts (FB) are the main cell population within the dermis, the different skin FB subsets are not well characterized and the traditional classification into reticular and papillary FBs has little functional relevance. To fill the gap of knowledge on FB diversity in human skin, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing. Investigation of marker genes for the different skin cell subtypes revealed a heterogeneous picture of FBs. When mapping reticular and papillary FB markers, we could not detect cluster specificity, suggesting that these two populations show a higher transcriptional heterogeneity than expected. This finding was further confirmed by in situ hybridization, showing that DPP4 was expressed in both dermal layers. Our analysis identified six FB clusters with distinct transcriptional signatures. Importantly, we could demonstrate that in human skin DPP4+ FBs are the main producers of factors involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly. In conclusion, we provide evidence that hitherto considered FB markers are not ideal to characterize skin FB subpopulations in single-cell sequencing analyses. The identification of DPP4+ FBs as the main ECM-producing cells in human skin will foster the development of anti-fibrotic treatments for the skin and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Laggner
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Polina Kalinina
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Haslik
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Radtke
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Shaw
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beate Maria Lichtenberger
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Mildner
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Wang WM, Wu C, Yu XL, Jin HZ. IL-36 β Promotes Inflammatory Activity and Inhibits Differentiation of Keratinocytes In Vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 34:199-204. [PMID: 31601303 DOI: 10.24920/003489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Despite advances in the study of its pathogenesis, the exact development mechanism of psoriasis remains to be fully elucidated. Hyperproliferative epidermis plays a crucial role in psoriasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of interleukin-36β (IL-36β) on keratinocyte dysfunction in vitro. Methods Human keratinocyte cell lines, HaCaT cells, were treated with 0 (control), 50 or 100 ng/ml IL-36β respectively for 24 h. Cell viability was determined with a cell counting kit-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to assess the effects of IL-36β on apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. Expressions of the differentiation markers, such as keratin 10 and involucrin, were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Expressions of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6 were tested by ELISA. Results CCK8 assay showed the survival rate had no significant difference between the control and treated group (P > 0.05). Flow cytometry analysis showed cell cycle arrest at S phase in the IL-36β-treated groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). RT-qPCR verified the decreased mRNA expressions of keratin 10 and involucrin in the IL-36β-treated groups compared with the negative control (P < 0.01). ELISA showed 100 ng/ml IL-36β enhanced levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in culture supernatants of HaCaT cells compared with the negative control (P < 0.05). Conclusion Taken together, these findings suggest that IL-36β could induce cell cycle arrest at S phase, inhibit keratin 10 and involucrin expressions and promote inflammatory activity in HaCaT cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ming Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hong-Zhong Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Lechner A, Akdeniz M, Tomova-Simitchieva T, Bobbert T, Moga A, Lachmann N, Blume-Peytavi U, Kottner J. Comparing skin characteristics and molecular markers of xerotic foot skin between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects: An exploratory study. J Tissue Viability 2019; 28:200-209. [PMID: 31575473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xerosis cutis of the feet is one of the most common skin conditions among type 2 diabetics. Whether skin dryness among diabetic patients is different from 'general' skin dryness is unclear. The overall aim was to compare the structure, function and molecular markers of dry and cracked foot skin between diabetics and non-diabetics. METHODS The foot skin of 40 diabetics and 20 non-diabetics was evaluated. A clinical assessment of skin dryness was performed and transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, skin surface pH, epidermal thickness, skin roughness, elasticity and structural stiffness were measured. Ceramides, natural moisturizing factors, histamines, proteins and molecular markers of oxidative stress were analyzed based on a non-invasive sampling method for collection of surface biomarkers. RESULTS The mean number of superficial fissures in the diabetic group was nearly three times higher than in the non-diabetic group (11.0 (SD 6.2) vs. 3.9 (SD 4.2)). The skin stiffness was higher in the diabetic group and the values of almost all molecular markers showed considerably higher values compared to non-diabetics. Malondialdehyde and glutathione were lower in the diabetic sample. CONCLUSIONS The high number of superficial fissures may be based on an increased stiffness of dry diabetic foot skin combined with different concentrations of molecular markers in the stratum corneum compared to dry foot skin of non-diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lechner
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Merve Akdeniz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tsenka Tomova-Simitchieva
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Bobbert
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jan Kottner
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany.
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Huth L, Marquardt Y, Heise R, Fietkau K, Becker NH, Huth S, Baron JM. Bifonazole Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Human Three-Dimensional Skin Equivalents after UVB or Histamine Challenge. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 32:337-343. [PMID: 31509851 DOI: 10.1159/000502213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to its role as a broad-spectrum imidazole antifungal drug, data from animal models as well as human clinical trials also demonstrated an anti-inflammatory efficacy of bifonazole (BFZ). In the histamine wheal test and after UV radiation, BFZ showed antiphlogistic effects that were comparable to those of hydrocortisone. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflam-matory properties of BFZ are poorly understood. METHODS Performing an in vitro study we used full-thickness three-dimensional (3D) skin models containing macrophages as mediators of inflammation. We conducted two sets of experiments. In a first set we exposed our models to UVB irradiation to provoke an inflammation. A second approach used the addition of histamine into the culture medium. In both approaches, models were treated topically with a BFZ-containing ointment or a placebo ointment for 24 h, and then the effects were examined histologically as well as with microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analyses. RESULTS Histological examination showed that the BFZ-containing ointment reconstituted UVB- and histamine-mediated disorders within the skin models. Performing gene expression profiling in models that were treated with the BFZ-containing ointment after UVB irradiation, we detected an upregu-lation of differentiation markers (fillagrin, loricrin, and keratin 1), antimicrobial peptides (DEFB103A), and members of the cytochrome P450 family (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1) as well as a downregulation of genes that are involved in immune response (CCL22, CXCL12, CCL7, IRF1, ICAM1, TLR3, and RARRES3) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP12 and MMP7). Models that were treated with the BFZ-containing ointment after histamine application showed an upregulation of members of the cytochrome P450 family (CAP1A1, CYP1B1, and CYP24A1) and a downregulation of immune response-associated genes (CXCL6, CXCL12, CCL8, IL6, and IL32). CONCLUSION We present the first in vitro study showing anti-inflammatory effects of BFZ in human 3D skin models. To our knowledge, this is the first time that these effects could be translated from human clinical trials into an in vitro test system, allowing a more detailed examination of molecular mechanisms that were regulated by BFZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Huth
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,
| | - Yvonne Marquardt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Heise
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Fietkau
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Huth
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Malte Baron
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Jia T, Qiao W, Yao Q, Wu W, Kaku K. Treatment with Docosahexaenoic Acid Improves Epidermal Keratinocyte Differentiation and Ameliorates Inflammation in Human Keratinocytes and Reconstructed Human Epidermis Models. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173156. [PMID: 31480216 PMCID: PMC6749566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that can cause skin barrier function damage. Although co-incubation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exerts a positive effect on deficient skin models, no studies have investigated the effects of topical treatment with DHA in an inflammatory reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model. The effects of DHA on monolayer normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) cells were evaluated using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The skin-related barrier function was assessed using hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, Western blot (WB), immunohistofluorescence (IF), and ELISA in normal and inflammatory RHE models. Docosahexaenoic acid upregulated filaggrin and loricrin expression at mRNA levels in addition to suppressing overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-α (IL-1α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulated by polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (stimulation cocktail) in cultured NHEK cells. After topical treatment with DHA, cocktail-induced inflammatory characteristics of skin diseases, including barrier morphology, differentiation proteins, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) secretion, were alleviated in RHE models. Supplementation with DHA can improve related barrier function and have anti-inflammation effects in monolayer keratinocytes and RHE models, which indicates that DHA may have potential value for the treatment of inflammation-associated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghan Jia
- Pigeon Maternal & Infant Skin Care Research Institute, Shanghai 201700, China.
| | - Wu Qiao
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qifeng Yao
- Pigeon Maternal & Infant Skin Care Research Institute, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ken Kaku
- Pigeon Maternal & Infant Skin Care Research Institute, Shanghai 201700, China
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Soimee W, Nakyai W, Charoensit P, Grandmottet F, Worasakwutiphong S, Phimnuan P, Viyoch J. Evaluation of moisturizing and irritation potential of sacha inchi oil. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:915-924. [PMID: 31441999 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The moisturizing and irritation effects of sacha inchi oil were evaluated. STUDY DESIGN The moisturizing effect on the skin was clinically assessed using a regression study design. Sacha inchi oil or olive oil (benchmark) was applied on the left or right lower leg of the subjects for 14 days followed by application discontinuation for 2 days. The TEWL, skin moisture content and dryness appearance were observed. METHODS The fatty acid composition and characteristics of cold-pressed sacha inchi seed oil were determined. Skin tissues cultured ex vivo were used to assess primary irritation induced by the oil by examining keratin 1 expression and TNF-α and IL-1α release from the oil-applied tissues. RESULTS The sacha inchi oil contained 42.3% linolenic acid and 39.5% linoleic acid. This oil's saponification, iodine, acid and peroxide values were 168.58 ± 1.55 mg KOH/g, 203.00 ± 0.04 g I2 /100 g, 1.68 ± 0.03 mg KOH/g, and 1.95 ± 0.26 mEq peroxide/kg, respectively. Compared with nontreated skin tissues, induced secretion of TNF-α and IL-1α and disruption of keratin 1 integrity in the stratum corneum layer were not found in the sacha inchi oil-treated tissues. In a clinical study with 13 volunteers, the improvement in moisture content and skin dryness appearance at the sacha inchi oil-applied site was comparable with that observed at the olive oil-applied site. CONCLUSIONS The sacha inchi oil was mild to the skin and benefited dry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichuda Soimee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wongnapa Nakyai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pensri Charoensit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Preeyawass Phimnuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Jarupa Viyoch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Klimek L, Casper I, Wollenberg B, Stauber R, Koennecke M. [Histamine receptors in chronic inflammatory diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses]. HNO 2019; 67:389-400. [PMID: 30944947 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-019-0649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Release of histamine from mast cells and basophils in inflammatory diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses has been demonstrated in allergic and non-allergic processes. METHODS A selective literature search was conducted in PubMed and Medline, and publications in German-language journals were additionally analyzed. RESULTS The histamine receptors H1-H4 play a role in otorhinolaryngologic inflammatory diseases. To date, the histamine receptor subtype 4 (H4R), which is functionally expressed by immune cells in chronic inflammatory diseases, has received little attention. Stimulation of H4R influences the release of cytokines and chemokines as well as the migration behavior of immune cells. In animal models blockade of H4R reduced inflammation symptoms and pruritus. CONCLUSIONS H4R plays a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases and may represent an interesting future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Klimek
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie Wiesbaden, An den Quellen 10, 65183, Wiesbaden, Deutschland.
| | - I Casper
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie Wiesbaden, An den Quellen 10, 65183, Wiesbaden, Deutschland
| | - B Wollenberg
- HNO-Universitätsklinik Lübeck, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - R Stauber
- HNO-Universitätsklinik Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - M Koennecke
- HNO-Universitätsklinik Lübeck, Lübeck, Deutschland
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Choi YA, Yu JH, Jung HD, Lee S, Park PH, Lee HS, Kwon TK, Shin TY, Lee SW, Rho MC, Jang YH, Kim SH. Inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata rhizomes on atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111850. [PMID: 30953820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Extracts from various parts of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata has been used as anti-inflammatory agents in Asian folk medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY To demonstrate the medicinal effect of the A. brevipedunculata in skin inflammation, specifically atopic dermatitis (AD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of ethanol extract of A. brevipedunculata rhizomes (ABE) on AD was examined using an AD-like skin inflammation model induced by repeated exposure to house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae extract, DFE) and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The mechanism study was performed using tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ-activated human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Serum histamine and immunoglobulin levels were quantified using enzymatic kits, while the gene expression of cytokines and chemokines was analyzed using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of signaling molecules was detected using Western blot. RESULTS Oral administration of ABE alleviated DFE/DNCB-induced ear thickening and clinical symptoms, as well as immune cell infiltration (mast cells and eosinophils) into the dermal layer. Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) E, DFE-specific IgE, IgG2a, and histamine levels were decreased after the administration of ABE. ABE also inhibited CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD4+IL-4+ lymphocyte polarization in lymph nodes and expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31 in the ear tissue. In TNF-α/INF-γ-stimulated keratinocytes, ABE inhibited the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and CCL17. In addition, ABE decreased the nuclear localization of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and nuclear factor-κB, and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data demonstrate the pharmacological role and signaling mechanism of ABE in the regulation of skin allergic inflammation, which supports our suggestion that ABE could be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ae Choi
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Yu
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Dae Jung
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Chul Rho
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Hyun Jang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Petrunin DD. Pharmacotherapy: Its impact on morphofunctional characteristics of the epidermal barrier. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2019. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2019-95-1-59-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pharmaceuticals used for topical and systemic therapy are capable of exerting significant impact on morphological and physiological characteristics of human epidermis, as well as its barrier properties. This may affect the course of dermatologic diseases and the efficacy of their treatment. In this literature review, the author analyzes the impact of various pharmaceutical classes on the morphofunctional characteristics of the epidermal barrier and formulates recommendations for skin disease treatment.
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3D-Organotypic Cultures to Unravel Molecular and Cellular Abnormalities in Atopic Dermatitis and Ichthyosis Vulgaris. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050489. [PMID: 31121896 PMCID: PMC6562513 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by dry and itchy skin evolving into disseminated skin lesions. AD is believed to result from a primary acquired or a genetically-induced epidermal barrier defect leading to immune hyper-responsiveness. Filaggrin (FLG) is a protein found in the cornified envelope of fully differentiated keratinocytes, referred to as corneocytes. Although FLG null mutations are strongly associated with AD, they are not sufficient to induce the disease. Moreover, most patients with ichthyosis vulgaris (IV), a monogenetic skin disease characterized by FLG homozygous, heterozygous, or compound heterozygous null mutations, display non-inflamed dry and scaly skin. Thus, all causes of epidermal barrier impairment in AD have not yet been identified, including those leading to the Th2-predominant inflammation observed in AD. Three dimensional organotypic cultures have emerged as valuable tools in skin research, replacing animal experimentation in many cases and precluding the need for repeated patient biopsies. Here, we review the results on IV and AD obtained with epidermal or skin equivalents and consider these findings in the context of human in vivo data. Further research utilizing complex models including immune cells and cutaneous innervation will enable finer dissection of the pathogenesis of AD and deepen our knowledge of epidermal biology.
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Neurite Outgrowth and Morphological Changes Induced by 8-trans Unsaturation of Sphingadienine in kCer Molecular Species. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092116. [PMID: 31035716 PMCID: PMC6540580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Konjac ceramide (kCer), which consists of plant-type molecular species of characteristic shingoid bases and fatty acids, is prepared from konjac glucosylceramide GlcCer by chemoenzymatical deglucosylation. kCer activates the semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) signaling pathway, inducing collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) phosphorylation. This results in neurite outgrowth inhibition and morphological changes in remaining long neurites in PC12 cells. Whether a specific molecular species of kCer can bind to the Sema3A receptor (Neuropilin1, Nrp1) and activate the Sema3A signaling pathway remains unknown. Here, we prepared kCer molecular species using endoglycoceramidase I-mediated deglucosylation and examined neurite outgrowth and phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein 2 in nerve growth factor (NGF)-primed cells. The 8-trans unsaturation of sphingadienine of kCer was essential for Sema3A-like signaling pathway activation. Conversely, 8-cis unsaturation of kCer molecular species had no effect on Sema3A-like activation, and neurite outgrowth inhibition resulted in remaining short neurites. In addition, α-hydroxylation of fatty acids was not associated with the Sema3A-like activity of the kCer molecular species. These results suggest that 8-trans or 8-cis isomerization of sphingadienine determines the specific interactions at the ligand-binding site of Nrp1.
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Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Mediates Ebastine-Induced Human Follicle Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6360503. [PMID: 30886861 PMCID: PMC6388311 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6360503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ebastine is a second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is used to attenuate allergic inflammation. Ebastine has also shown to affect hair loss; however, the immunoregulatory effect of ebastine cannot completely exclude the possibility of spontaneous hair regrowth in ebastine-treated mice. In this study, we examined the effects of ebastine on the growth of human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC) using a WST-1 cell proliferation assay and a bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay. Ebastine was shown to significantly increase the proliferation of HFDPC. The expression levels of cell-cycle regulatory proteins and an antiapoptotic protein were increased in ebastine-treated HFDPC. Furthermore, elevated expression levels of phospho-AKT and phospho-p44/42 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were observed in ebastine-treated HFDPC. Ebastine-mediated HFDPC growth was completely reversed by blocking ERK kinase. The results from our present study suggest that the regulation of HFDPC proliferation by ebastine might be directly involved in hair regrowth through the ERK signaling pathway.
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