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Bitounis D, Jacquinet E, Rogers MA, Amiji MM. Strategies to reduce the risks of mRNA drug and vaccine toxicity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:281-300. [PMID: 38263456 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
mRNA formulated with lipid nanoparticles is a transformative technology that has enabled the rapid development and administration of billions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine doses worldwide. However, avoiding unacceptable toxicity with mRNA drugs and vaccines presents challenges. Lipid nanoparticle structural components, production methods, route of administration and proteins produced from complexed mRNAs all present toxicity concerns. Here, we discuss these concerns, specifically how cell tropism and tissue distribution of mRNA and lipid nanoparticles can lead to toxicity, and their possible reactogenicity. We focus on adverse events from mRNA applications for protein replacement and gene editing therapies as well as vaccines, tracing common biochemical and cellular pathways. The potential and limitations of existing models and tools used to screen for on-target efficacy and de-risk off-target toxicity, including in vivo and next-generation in vitro models, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Bitounis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Cisek AA, Szymańska E, Aleksandrzak-Piekarczyk T, Cukrowska B. The Role of Methanogenic Archaea in Inflammatory Bowel Disease-A Review. J Pers Med 2024; 14:196. [PMID: 38392629 PMCID: PMC10890621 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Methanogenic archaea are a part of the commensal gut microbiota responsible for hydrogen sink and the efficient production of short-chain fatty acids. Dysbiosis of methanogens is suspected to play a role in pathogenesis of variety of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Unlike bacteria, the diversity of archaea seems to be higher in IBD patients compared to healthy subjects, whereas the prevalence and abundance of gut methanogens declines in IBD, especially in ulcerative colitis. To date, studies focusing on methanogens in pediatric IBD are very limited; nevertheless, the preliminary results provide some evidence that methanogens may be influenced by the chronic inflammatory process in IBD. In this review, we demonstrated the development and diversity of the methanogenic community in IBD, both in adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Anna Cisek
- Department of Pathomorphology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Av. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Szymańska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Av. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Bożena Cukrowska
- Department of Pathomorphology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Av. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Maria NI, Papoin J, Raparia C, Sun Z, Josselsohn R, Lu A, Katerji H, Syeda MM, Polsky D, Paulson R, Kalfa T, Barnes BJ, Zhang W, Blanc L, Davidson A. Human TLR8 induces inflammatory bone marrow erythromyeloblastic islands and anemia in SLE-prone mice. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302241. [PMID: 37495396 PMCID: PMC10372407 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemia commonly occurs in systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease characterized by innate immune activation by nucleic acids. Overactivation of cytoplasmic sensors by self-DNA or RNA can cause erythroid cell death, while sparing other hematopoietic cell lineages. Whereas chronic inflammation is involved in this mechanism, less is known about the impact of systemic lupus erythematosus on the BM erythropoietic niche. We discovered that expression of the endosomal ssRNA sensor human TLR8 induces fatal anemia in Sle1.Yaa lupus mice. We observed that anemia was associated with a decrease in erythromyeloblastic islands and a block in differentiation at the CFU-E to proerythroblast transition in the BM. Single-cell RNAseq analyses of isolated BM erythromyeloblastic islands from human TLR8-expressing mice revealed that genes associated with essential central macrophage functions including adhesion and provision of nutrients were down-regulated. Although compensatory stress erythropoiesis occurred in the spleen, red blood cell half-life decreased because of hemophagocytosis. These data implicate the endosomal RNA sensor TLR8 as an additional innate receptor whose overactivation causes acquired failure of erythropoiesis via myeloid cell dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi I Maria
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Julien Papoin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Chirag Raparia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Zeguo Sun
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Josselsohn
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ailing Lu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Hani Katerji
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mahrukh M Syeda
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Polsky
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Paulson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Theodosia Kalfa
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Betsy J Barnes
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lionel Blanc
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Anne Davidson
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, USA
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4
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Sereme Y, Michel M, Mezouar S, Guindo CO, Kaba L, Grine G, Mura T, Mège JL, Tran TA, Corbeau P, Filleron A, Vitte J. A Non-Invasive Neonatal Signature Predicts Later Development of Atopic Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102749. [PMID: 35628877 PMCID: PMC9143112 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Preterm birth is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and children. Non-invasive methods for screening the neonatal immune status are lacking. Archaea, a prokaryotic life domain, comprise methanogenic species that are part of the neonatal human microbiota and contribute to early immune imprinting. However, they have not yet been characterized in preterm neonates. Objective: To characterize the gut immunological and methanogenic Archaeal (MA) signature in preterm neonates, using the presence or absence of atopic conditions at the age of one year as a clinical endpoint. Methods: Meconium and stool were collected from preterm neonates and used to develop a standardized stool preparation method for the assessment of mediators and cytokines and characterize the qPCR kinetics of gut MA. Analysis addressed the relationship between immunological biomarkers, Archaea abundance, and atopic disease at age one. Results: Immunoglobulin E, tryptase, calprotectin, EDN, cytokines, and MA were detectable in the meconium and later samples. Atopic conditions at age of one year were positively associated with neonatal EDN, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, and MA abundance. The latter was negatively associated with neonatal EDN, IL-1β, and IL-6. Conclusions: We report a non-invasive method for establishing a gut immunological and Archaeal signature in preterm neonates, predictive of atopic diseases at the age of one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssouf Sereme
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (Y.S.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (C.O.G.); (L.K.); (G.G.); (J.-L.M.)
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Moïse Michel
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (Y.S.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (C.O.G.); (L.K.); (G.G.); (J.-L.M.)
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France
- Immunology Department, University Hospital Nîmes, 30900 Nîmes, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (Y.S.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (C.O.G.); (L.K.); (G.G.); (J.-L.M.)
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Cheick Oumar Guindo
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (Y.S.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (C.O.G.); (L.K.); (G.G.); (J.-L.M.)
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Lanceï Kaba
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (Y.S.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (C.O.G.); (L.K.); (G.G.); (J.-L.M.)
- IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Ghiles Grine
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (Y.S.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (C.O.G.); (L.K.); (G.G.); (J.-L.M.)
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France
- UFR Odontologie, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Thibault Mura
- INSERM, University of Montpellier, U1061, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, 34093 Montpellier, France;
- Laboratoire de Biostatistique, Epidémiologie Clinique, Santé Publique Innovation et Méthodologie (BESPIM), Groupe Hospitalier Caremeau, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes University Hospital, 30900 Nîmes, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mège
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (Y.S.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (C.O.G.); (L.K.); (G.G.); (J.-L.M.)
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Tu Anh Tran
- Paediatrics Department, University Hospital Nîmes, 30900 Nîmes, France;
- INSERM U1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Biotherapy, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Faculty de Medicine, Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Corbeau
- Immunology Department, University Hospital Nîmes, 30900 Nîmes, France
- Faculty de Medicine, Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France
- CNRS UMR 9002, Institute of Human Genetics, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (A.F.); (J.V.); Tel.: +33-4-13-73-20-51 (J.V.); Fax: +33-4-13-73-20-52 (J.V.)
| | - Anne Filleron
- Paediatrics Department, University Hospital Nîmes, 30900 Nîmes, France;
- INSERM U1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Biotherapy, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Faculty de Medicine, Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (A.F.); (J.V.); Tel.: +33-4-13-73-20-51 (J.V.); Fax: +33-4-13-73-20-52 (J.V.)
| | - Joana Vitte
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (Y.S.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (C.O.G.); (L.K.); (G.G.); (J.-L.M.)
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France
- Faculty de Medicine, Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France
- IDESP, INSERM UMR UA11, Institut Desbrest d’Epidemiologie et de Santé Publique (IDESP) Campus Sante, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (A.F.); (J.V.); Tel.: +33-4-13-73-20-51 (J.V.); Fax: +33-4-13-73-20-52 (J.V.)
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5
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Noncoding-RNA-Based Therapeutics with an Emphasis on Prostatic Carcinoma—Progress and Challenges. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020276. [PMID: 35214734 PMCID: PMC8877701 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) defy the central dogma by representing a family of RNA molecules that are not translated into protein but can convey information encoded in their DNA. Elucidating the exact function of ncRNA has been a focus of discovery in the last decade and remains challenging. Nevertheless, the importance of understanding ncRNA is apparent since these molecules regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level exerting pleiotropic effects critical in development, oncogenesis, and immunity. NcRNAs have been referred to as “the dark matter of the nucleus”, and unraveling their role in physiologic and pathologic processes will provide vast opportunities for basic and translational research with the potential for significant therapeutic progress. Consequently, strong efforts are underway to exploit the therapeutic utility of ncRNA, some of which have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. The use of ncRNA therapeutics (or “vaccines” if defined as anti-disease agents) may result in improved curative strategies when used alone or in combination with existing treatments. This review will focus on the role of ncRNA therapeutics in prostatic carcinoma while exploring basic biological aspects of these molecules that represent about 97% of the transcriptome in humans.
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Layunta E, Buey B, Mesonero JE, Latorre E. Crosstalk Between Intestinal Serotonergic System and Pattern Recognition Receptors on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:748254. [PMID: 34819919 PMCID: PMC8607755 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.748254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the microbiota-gut-brain axis results in a wide range of pathologies that are affected, from the brain to the intestine. Gut hormones released by enteroendocrine cells to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are important signaling molecules within this axis. In the search for the language that allows microbiota to communicate with the gut and the brain, serotonin seems to be the most important mediator. In recent years, serotonin has emerged as a key neurotransmitter in the gut-brain axis because it largely contributes to both GI and brain physiology. In addition, intestinal microbiota are crucial in serotonin signaling, which gives more relevance to the role of the serotonin as an important mediator in microbiota-host interactions. Despite the numerous investigations focused on the gut-brain axis and the pathologies associated, little is known regarding how serotonin can mediate in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In this review, we will mainly discuss serotonergic system modulation by microbiota as a pathway of communication between intestinal microbes and the body on the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and we explore novel therapeutic approaches for GI diseases and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Layunta
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Berta Buey
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose Emilio Mesonero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza–CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva Latorre
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza–CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Sartorius R, Trovato M, Manco R, D'Apice L, De Berardinis P. Exploiting viral sensing mediated by Toll-like receptors to design innovative vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:127. [PMID: 34711839 PMCID: PMC8553822 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins belonging to the family of pattern-recognition receptors. They function as sensors of invading pathogens through recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. After their engagement by microbial ligands, TLRs trigger downstream signaling pathways that culminate into transcriptional upregulation of genes involved in immune defense. Here we provide an updated overview on members of the TLR family and we focus on their role in antiviral response. Understanding of innate sensing and signaling of viruses triggered by these receptors would provide useful knowledge to prompt the development of vaccines able to elicit effective and long-lasting immune responses. We describe the mechanisms developed by viral pathogens to escape from immune surveillance mediated by TLRs and finally discuss how TLR/virus interplay might be exploited to guide the design of innovative vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Sartorius
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, C.N.R., Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Trovato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, C.N.R., Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Manco
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, C.N.R., Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luciana D'Apice
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, C.N.R., Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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8
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Lisy S, Rothamel K, Ascano M. RNA Binding Proteins as Pioneer Determinants of Infection: Protective, Proviral, or Both? Viruses 2021; 13:2172. [PMID: 34834978 PMCID: PMC8625426 DOI: 10.3390/v13112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first intracellular host factors that directly interact with the genomes of RNA viruses, RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have a profound impact on the outcome of an infection. Recent discoveries brought about by new methodologies have led to an unprecedented ability to peer into the earliest events between viral RNA and the RBPs that act upon them. These discoveries have sparked a re-evaluation of current paradigms surrounding RBPs and post-transcriptional gene regulation. Here, we highlight questions that have bloomed from the implementation of these novel approaches. Canonical RBPs can impact the fates of both cellular and viral RNA during infection, sometimes in conflicting ways. Noncanonical RBPs, some of which were first characterized via interactions with viral RNA, may encompass physiological roles beyond viral pathogenesis. We discuss how these RBPs might discriminate between an RNA of either cellular or viral origin and thus exert either pro- or antiviral effects-which is a particular challenge as viruses contain mechanisms to mimic molecular features of cellular RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Lisy
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.L.); (K.R.)
| | - Katherine Rothamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.L.); (K.R.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Manuel Ascano
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.L.); (K.R.)
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Haupt S, Caramia F, Klein SL, Rubin JB, Haupt Y. Sex disparities matter in cancer development and therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:393-407. [PMID: 33879867 PMCID: PMC8284191 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curing cancer through precision medicine is the paramount aim of the new wave of molecular and genomic therapies. Currently, whether patients with non-reproductive cancers are male or female according to their sex chromosomes is not adequately considered in patient standard of care. This is a matter of consequence because there is growing evidence that these cancer types generally initiate earlier and are associated with higher overall incidence and rates of death in males compared with females. Gender, in contrast to sex, refers to a chosen sexual identity. Hazardous lifestyle choices (notably tobacco smoking) differ in prevalence between genders, aligned with disproportionate cancer risk. These add to underlying genetic predisposition and influences of sex steroid hormones. Together, these factors affect metabolism, immunity and inflammation, and ultimately the fidelity of the genetic code. To accurately understand how human defences against cancer erode, it is crucial to establish the influence of sex. Our Perspective highlights evidence from basic and translational research indicating that including genetic sex considerations in treatments for patients with cancer will improve outcomes. It is now time to adopt the challenge of overhauling cancer medicine based on optimized treatment strategies for females and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Haupt
- Tumor Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Franco Caramia
- Tumor Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumor Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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10
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Yang CW, Chen MF. Low compositions of human toll-like receptor 7/8-stimulating RNA motifs in the MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 genomes imply a substantial ability to evade human innate immunity. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11008. [PMID: 33665043 PMCID: PMC7912611 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The innate immune system especially Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 and the interferon pathway, constitutes an important first line of defense against single-stranded RNA viruses. However, large-scale, systematic comparisons of the TLR 7/8-stimulating potential of genomic RNAs of single-stranded RNA viruses are rare. In this study, a computational method to evaluate the human TLR 7/8-stimulating ability of single-stranded RNA virus genomes based on their human TLR 7/8-stimulating trimer compositions was used to analyze 1,002 human coronavirus genomes. Results The human TLR 7/8-stimulating potential of coronavirus genomic (positive strand) RNAs followed the order of NL63-CoV > HKU1-CoV >229E-CoV ≅ OC63-CoV > SARS-CoV-2 > MERS-CoV > SARS-CoV. These results suggest that among these coronaviruses, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 may have a higher ability to evade the human TLR 7/8-mediated innate immune response. Analysis with a logistic regression equation derived from human coronavirus data revealed that most of the 1,762 coronavirus genomic (positive strand) RNAs isolated from bats, camels, cats, civets, dogs and birds exhibited weak human TLR 7/8-stimulating potential equivalent to that of the MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNAs. Conclusions Prediction of the human TLR 7/8-stimulating potential of viral genomic RNAs may be useful for surveillance of emerging coronaviruses from nonhuman mammalian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Wen Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Applied Artificial Intelligence Research, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Zhang S, Xu L, Liang R, Yang C, Wang P. Baicalin suppresses renal fibrosis through microRNA-124/TLR4/NF-κB axis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy mice and high glucose-treated human proximal tubule epithelial cells. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:407-416. [PMID: 32500512 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a major pathological event in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Baicalin is a flavonoid glycoside that possesses multiple pharmacological properties including anti-fibrotic activity. In the present study, the effects of baicalin on renal fibrosis along with related molecular basis were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN mouse model and high glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 human proximal tubule epithelial cell model. Renal injury was evaluated through blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) levels and urine albumin creatine ratio (ACR). Renal fibrosis was assessed by type IV collagen (COLIV) and fibronectin (FN) protein expression and histopathologic analysis via Masson trichrome staining. Protein levels of COLIV, FN, NF-κB inhibitor alpha (IκBα), phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα), p65, phosphorylated p65 (p-p65), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were measured by western blot assay. MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) and TLR4 mRNA levels were detected by RT-qPCR assay. The interaction of miR-124 and TLR4 was examined by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, and RIP assay. Baicalin or miR-124 attenuated renal injury and fibrosis in STZ-induced DN mice. Baicalin inhibited the increase of COLIV and FN expression induced by HG through upregulating miR-124 in HK-2 cells. TLR4 was a target of miR-124. MiR-124 inhibited TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation and the inactivation of the NF-κB pathway hindered COLIV and FN expression in HG-stimulated HK-2 cells. Baicalin prevented renal fibrosis by increasing miR-124 and inactivating downstream TLR4/NF-κB pathway in DN, hinting the pivotal values of baicalin and miR-124 in the management of DN and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefeng Zhang
- Henan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Li Xu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Ruifeng Liang
- Henan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Chenhua Yang
- Henan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Peiren Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 19, Renmin Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Sereme Y, Mezouar S, Grine G, Mege JL, Drancourt M, Corbeau P, Vitte J. Methanogenic Archaea: Emerging Partners in the Field of Allergic Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 57:456-466. [PMID: 31522353 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Archaea, which form one of four domains of life alongside Eukarya, Bacteria, and giant viruses, have long been neglected as components of the human microbiota and potential opportunistic infectious pathogens. In this review, we focus on methanogenic Archaea, which rely on hydrogen for their metabolism and growth. On one hand, methanogenic Archaea in the gut are functional associates of the fermentative digestion of dietary fibers, favoring the production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids and likely contributing to the weaning reaction during the neonatal window of opportunity. On the other hand, methanogenic Archaea trigger the activation of innate and adaptive responses and the generation of specific T and B cells in animals and humans. In mouse models, lung hypersensitivity reactions can be induced by inhaled methanogenic Archaea mimicking human professional exposure to organic dust. Changes in methanogenic Archaea of the microbiota are detected in an array of dysimmune conditions comprising inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, malnutrition, anorexia, colorectal cancer, and diverticulosis. At the subcellular level, methanogenic Archaea are activators of the TLR8-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome, modulate the release of antimicrobial peptides and drive the production of proinflammatory, Th-1, Th-2, and Th-17 cytokines. Our objective was to introduce the most recent and major pieces of evidence supporting the involvement of Archaea in the balance between health and dysimmune diseases, with a particular focus on atopic and allergic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssouf Sereme
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Ghiles Grine
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Louis Mege
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Timone, Service de Bactériologie - Epidémiologie - Hygiène hospitalière, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Corbeau
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS-Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Immunology Department, University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Joana Vitte
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France.
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.
- APHM, Hôpital Timone, Service de Bactériologie - Epidémiologie - Hygiène hospitalière, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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Jong WD, Leal L, Buyze J, Pannus P, Guardo A, Salgado M, Mothe B, Molto J, Moron-Lopez S, Gálvez C, Florence E, Vanham G, Gorp EV, Brander C, Allard S, Thielemans K, Martinez-Picado J, Plana M, García F, Gruters RA. Therapeutic Vaccine in Chronically HIV-1-Infected Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase IIa Trial with HTI-TriMix. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E209. [PMID: 31817794 PMCID: PMC6963294 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccinations aim to re-educate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-specific immune responses to achieve durable control of HIV-1 replication in virally suppressed infected individuals after antiretroviral therapy (ART) is interrupted. In a double blinded, placebo-controlled phase IIa multicenter study, we investigated the safety and immunogenicity of intranodal administration of the HIVACAT T cell Immunogen (HTI)-TriMix vaccine. It consists of naked mRNA based on cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) targets of subdominant and conserved HIV-1 regions (HTI), in combination with mRNAs encoding constitutively active TLR4, the ligand for CD40 and CD70 as adjuvants (TriMix). We recruited HIV-1-infected individuals under stable ART. Study-arms HTI-TriMix, TriMix or Water for Injection were assigned in an 8:3:3 ratio. Participants received three vaccinations at weeks 0, 2, and 4 in an inguinal lymph node. Two weeks after the last vaccination, immunogenicity was evaluated using ELISpot assay. ART was interrupted at week 6 to study the effect of the vaccine on viral rebound. The vaccine was considered safe and well tolerated. Eighteen percent (n = 37) of the AEs were considered definitely related to the study product (grade 1 or 2). Three SAEs occurred: two were unrelated to the study product, and one was possibly related to ART interruption (ATI). ELISpot assays to detect T cell responses using peptides covering the HTI sequence showed no significant differences in immunogenicity between groups. There were no significant differences in viral load rebound dynamics after ATI between groups. The vaccine was safe and well tolerated. We were not able to demonstrate immunogenic effects of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley de Jong
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lorna Leal
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic-HIVACAT, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-HIVACAT, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jozefien Buyze
- Clinical trials unit, Clinical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Pannus
- Virology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alberto Guardo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-HIVACAT, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Salgado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute- HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute- HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 085000 Vic, Spain
| | - Jose Molto
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Sara Moron-Lopez
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute- HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Gálvez
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute- HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Eric Florence
- Virology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido Vanham
- Virology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eric van Gorp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute- HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 085000 Vic, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabine Allard
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Thielemans
- eTheRNA, BVBA (eTheRNA), 2845 Niel, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute- HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 085000 Vic, Spain
- eTheRNA, BVBA (eTheRNA), 2845 Niel, Belgium
| | - Montserrat Plana
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-HIVACAT, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe García
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic-HIVACAT, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-HIVACAT, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rob A Gruters
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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