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Yamazaki S, Miyazaki Y, Taniguchi Y, Uezono S. Enhanced estimation strategy for determining the location of tracheoesophageal fistula in a preterm, low-birth-weight infant with congenital esophageal atresia type C and duodenal atresia: a case report. JA Clin Rep 2024; 10:45. [PMID: 39078532 PMCID: PMC11289206 DOI: 10.1186/s40981-024-00730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In esophageal atresia type C, identifying the tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) location is crucial for airway management. However, a thin bronchoscope may not always be available. CASE PRESENTATION We report on a low-birth-weight neonate with esophageal atresia type C who required immediate gastrostomy after birth. With no suitable thin bronchoscope available, alternative methods were utilized to estimate the TEF location post-gastrostomy. Submerging the gastrostomy tube tip in water and applying positive pressure ventilation via a tracheal tube allowed for observation of air bubbles emerging from the gastrostomy tube. As the tracheal tube was advanced, the cessation of bubbles indicated that the TEF was sealed by the tracheal tube. The location of the tracheal tube tip, confirmed by chest radiographs, was consistent with the TEF location identified during corrective surgery for TEF. CONCLUSIONS This innovative technique facilitated successful estimation of the TEF location without bronchoscopy, demonstrating its efficacy in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seirin Yamazaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshie Taniguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichi Uezono
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Zugaj MR, Gutzeit O, Mayer VL, Ishak B, Gumbinger C, Weigand MA, Keßler J. Incomplete sensorimotor paresis after upper abdominal surgery with TEA and spinal epidural lipomatosis: a case report. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2024; 49:465-468. [PMID: 38580340 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2024-105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This case report documents a postoperative, incomplete sensorimotor paraparesis from thoracic vertebral body 6 (Th6) after combined anesthesia for upper abdominal surgery in a patient who had a thoracic localization of spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL). CASE PRESENTATION The patient was treated in our clinic with a thoracic epidural catheter (TEA) for perioperative analgesia during a partial duodenopancreatectomy. Paraparetic symptoms occurred 20 hours after surgery. Initial MRI did not show bleeding, infection or spinal cord damage and the neurosurgeon consultants recommended observation. The neurological examination and the third follow-up MRI on 15th postoperative day showed ventrolateral damage of the spinal cord at level Th6. It is possible that local anesthetic compressed the spinal cord in addition to the existing lipomatosis and the thoracic kyphosis. The paraparesis improved during follow-up paraplegiologic treatment. CONCLUSION So far, only two uncomplicated lumbar epidural catheter anesthesias have been described in patients who had a lumbar SEL. Epidural catheter anesthesia is a safe and effective method of pain control. But it is important to carefully identify and stratify patients with risk factors during the premedication visit. In patients who had kyphosis and thoracic localization of SEL, TEA may only be used after a risk-benefit assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Richard Zugaj
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Gutzeit
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Victoria Louise Mayer
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Basem Ishak
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Gumbinger
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Markus Alexander Weigand
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jens Keßler
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Wang M, Luo X, Xiao X, Zhang L, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang X, Xue H, Zhang L, Chen Y, Lei J, Štupnik T, Scarci M, Fiorelli A, Laisaar T, Fruscio R, Elkhayat H, Novoa NM, Davoli F, Waseda R, Estill J, Norris SL, Riley DS, Tian J. CARE-radiology statement explanation and elaboration: reporting guideline for radiological case reports. BMJ Evid Based Med 2024:bmjebm-2023-112695. [PMID: 38458654 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of radiological case reports, the majority lack a standardised methodology of writing and reporting. We therefore develop a reporting guideline for radiological case reports based on the CAse REport (CARE) statement. We established a multidisciplinary group of experts, comprising 40 radiologists, methodologists, journal editors and researchers, to develop a reporting guideline for radiological case reports according to the methodology recommended by the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research network. The Delphi panel was requested to evaluate the significance of a list of elements for potential inclusion in a guideline for reporting mediation analyses. By reviewing the reporting guidelines and through discussion, we initially drafted 46 potential items. Following a Delphi survey and discussion, the final CARE-radiology checklist is comprised of 38 items in 16 domains. CARE-radiology is a comprehensive reporting guideline for radiological case reports developed using a rigorous methodology. We hope that compliance with CARE-radiology will help in the future to improve the completeness and quality of case reports in radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu Wang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xufei Luo
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Research Unit of Evidence-Based Evaluation and Guidelines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU017), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Radiology, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Health Forum, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Huadan Xue
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaolong Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Research Unit of Evidence-Based Evaluation and Guidelines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU017), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- World Health Organization Collaboration Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junqiang Lei
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Intelligent Imaging Medical Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Accurate Image Collaborative Innovation International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tomaž Štupnik
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marco Scarci
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alfonso Fiorelli
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Tanel Laisaar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Lung Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Robert Fruscio
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milan-Bicocca, IRCCS San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Hussein Elkhayat
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nuria M Novoa
- Thoracic Surgery, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Institute of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fabio Davoli
- General & Thoracic Surgery Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ryuichi Waseda
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Pediatric Surgery, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Janne Estill
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Susan L Norris
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David S Riley
- University of New Mexico Medical School, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jinhui Tian
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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Kamata K, Masui K. Monitored Anesthesia Care Under a Combination of Low-Dose Remimazolam Infusion and Flumazenil Antagonism: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e46728. [PMID: 38021893 PMCID: PMC10630703 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Remimazolam is a novel benzodiazepine known for its short-acting properties. The safe use of flumazenil antagonism following remimazolam infusion remains a subject of debate. We present a case of monitored anesthesia care managed to be safe through low-dose remimazolam infusion and flumazenil antagonism. Pharmacokinetic simulations revealed that low-dose remimazolam was practically useful as one of the components of multimodal sedation/analgesia. Subsequent sedation with the readministration of remimazolam after a dose of flumazenil could also be attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotoe Kamata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, JPN
| | - Kenichi Masui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, JPN
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5
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Hughes C, Kearsley R. Position statement from the Editors of Anaesthesia Reports on equity, diversity and inclusion. Anaesth Rep 2023; 11:e12231. [PMID: 37426054 PMCID: PMC10323716 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Hughes
- Academic Unit of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Peri‐Operative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - R. Kearsley
- Department of AnaesthesiaThe Rotunda HospitalDublinIreland
- Department of AnaesthesiaMater Misericordiae University HospitalDublinIreland
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6
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Wiles MD, Klein AA, Shelton CL. Position statement from the Editors of Anaesthesia and Anaesthesia Reports on best practice in academic medical publishing. Anaesthesia 2023. [PMID: 37365701 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
It is essential that academic publishing complies with the highest standards in terms of ethics, research conduct and manuscript preparation. This protects the rights and welfare of research participants, ensures the integrity of study results and aids the communication and dissemination of novel findings into clinical practice. This position statement outlines the current policies and practices of the Editors of Anaesthesia and Anaesthesia Reports in relation to academic medical publishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Wiles
- Department of Anaesthesia, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A A Klein
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - C L Shelton
- Department of Anaesthesia, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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7
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Taheri A, Adibi P, Sabbagh Jafari M, Saeedizadeh M, Rahimi A, Abbasi A. The reporting requirements of case reports and adherence of case report reporting guidelines in medical journals: an analysis of the authors' guide sections. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:2. [PMID: 36604759 PMCID: PMC9817370 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the growth of case reports and changes in the policy of journals in publishing this evidence, the need to standardize them is felt more than before. Therefore, in this study, the authors' guide of medical journals indexed in the Scopus database that published most of the case reports has been analyzed to identify the reporting requirements and emerging case report types. METHODS A total of 50 journals were selected from the Scopus citation database (the world's largest knowledge base) that published most of the case reports. These and the authors' guideline section on the types and requirements of writing case reports were analyzed by inductive content analysis. RESULTS Most of the case reports were published in the fields of dermatology and surgery and general medicine. Reporting requirements in author's guide are grouped in four categories: (1) reasons for publication or content value, (2) emphasis on the patient consent form and confidentiality, (3) emphasizing the constraints on the word count and limitation, and (4) recommendation for structure and reporting elements. In terms of adherence to the reporting guidelines, 76% of journals do not adhere to any reporting guideline. In addition, 13 types of case reports were identified in these journals, among which traditional case reports, clinical image, letters, and case series were the most widely used formats. CONCLUSIONS Improving the publication processes of case reports has been left unattended by international organizations. The policies of journals need to become more integrated, and reporting guidelines should be modified or redeveloped to enhance the quality of publications, cover different reporting requirements, and consequently, benefit from the evidence value available in case reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Taheri
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XIntegrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sabbagh Jafari
- grid.444845.dSchool of Computer Engineering, Vali -e- Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Kerman Iran
| | - Marzieh Saeedizadeh
- Knowledge and Information Science, Public Libraries Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rahimi
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XClinical Informationist Research Group, Health Information Technology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Abbasi
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia
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8
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Partridge A, Hitchman J, Savic L, Shelton CL. How to plan, do and report patient and public involvement in research. Anaesthesia 2022; 78:779-783. [PMID: 36301571 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Partridge
- Corporate Cancer Team Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Preston UK
| | | | - L. Savic
- Department of Anaesthesia Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK
| | - C. L. Shelton
- Department of Anaesthesia Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine Lancaster University Lancaster UK
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9
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Successful recording of direct cortical motor-evoked potential from a pediatric patient under remimazolam anesthesia: a case report. JA Clin Rep 2022; 8:66. [PMID: 35989409 PMCID: PMC9393118 DOI: 10.1186/s40981-022-00555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Intraoperative motor-evoked potential (MEP) monitoring reduces postoperative motor deficits. Propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia is the gold standard for intraoperative myogenic MEPs. Although there is no contraindication to administering propofol in adults with peanut, soy, or egg allergies, its safety in children with these allergies remains unclear.
Case presentation
A 12-year-old girl required general anesthesia under intraoperative direct cortical MEP (dc-MEP) monitoring due to supratentorial glioma. Remimazolam-based anesthesia was selected, instead of propofol, due to the patient’s egg hypersensitivity. Stable myogenic MEPs were recorded throughout the surgery with remimazolam at 0.9 mg/kg/h and remifentanil at 0.35 μg/kg/min, following adjustments of stimulation intensity and titration of remimazolam infusion. Neither intraoperative memory nor motor deficits were present after surgery.
Conclusions
We present a pediatric case whose dc-MEP was recorded under remimazolam anesthesia. The cardiovascular stability and avoidance of propofol infusion syndrome with remimazolam were superior to propofol.
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10
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Thomas C, Stanford SER, Metodiev Y. Patient inclusion in case reports: a call to action. Anaesth Rep 2022; 10:e12194. [PMID: 36439299 PMCID: PMC9679976 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Thomas
- Department of AnaesthesiaSt James' University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS TrustLeedsUK
| | | | - Y. Metodiev
- Department of AnaesthesiaUniversity Hospital of WalesCardiffWalesUK
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Shelton CL, Kearsley R. How to write a case report in anaesthesia and peri-operative medicine. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:1163-1166. [PMID: 35700137 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C L Shelton
- Department of Anaesthesia, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - R Kearsley
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Tewari N, Goel S, Srivastav S, Mathur VP, Rahul M, Chaurasia B, Raghuthaman S. 'CARE compliance' of case reports published in Dental Traumatology in the past two decades: A bibliometric analysis. Dent Traumatol 2022; 38:175-184. [PMID: 35179818 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The journal Dental Traumatology (DT) is one of the best resources in the field of dental traumatology. It has always encouraged publication of case reports of good quality. The CARE statement (2011) was developed for uniform and transparent reporting of cases in medical sciences. Since case reports are inseparable from the DT literature, the aim of this bibliometric-analysis was to evaluate the case reports published in the DT in the last two decades (2001-2021) and assess their compliance regarding CARE guidelines for elucidating the trends in DT and the reporting quality of these papers. METHODOLOGY Two authors independently observed the tables of contents in all issues of DT from 2002-2021 and identified case reports. Selected articles were scrutinized to determine their eligibility. Data extraction was performed, case reports were segregated into domains, and their CARE compliance was evaluated by using a self-designed-validated method. Differences between the case reports published in two decades (2002-2011 and 2012-2021) were analysed with the Chi-square test. RESULTS A total of 1612 articles published between February 2002 and October 2021 were scrutinized to identify 357 case reports with 277 from the period of 2002-2011 and 80 between 2012 and 2021. The highest number of case reports originated from Asia (2002-2011:135, 2012-2021:28). The CARE compliances of the majority of reports in the decade of 2002-2011 were between 75 and 85% (good) while the CARE compliances of the majority of reports from 2012-2021 were between 85 and 95% (very good) or >95% (excellent). These differences were statistically significant (p < .005). CONCLUSIONS The number of case reports published in the decade of 2002-2011 were more than three times the number of case reports published in the decade of 2012-2021. The highest number of reports in both decades were from Asia and belonged to the therapeutic and prognostic domains. The CARE compliances of the reports in the decade of 2012-2021 were better than those from 2002-2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Tewari
- Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubhi Goel
- Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sukeshana Srivastav
- Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Prakash Mathur
- Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Morankar Rahul
- Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bikash Chaurasia
- Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sruthila Raghuthaman
- Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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