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Mukherjee AG, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. Rosolic acid as a novel activator of the Nrf2/ARE pathway in arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity: An in silico study. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101801. [PMID: 39175663 PMCID: PMC11340599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive toxicity as a result of arsenic exposure is linked with oxidative stress and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It leads to an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defense mechanisms ultimately resulting in male infertility. The nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that responds to cellular stressors controlling the oxidative state, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and proteostasis. This study aims to investigate the potential of Rosolic acid (ROA) to act as a novel Nrf2 activator by mitigating oxidative stress to combat arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity. The protein and ligands were prepared in the BIOVIA Discovery Studio, followed by protein-ligand docking using auto dock vina integrated with the PyRx-Virtual Screening Tool. Then the ADME properties were analyzed using the SwissADME tool to get a clear idea about the physicochemical properties, lipophilicity, water solubility, pharmacokinetics, and drug likeliness of ROA. It was followed by molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) studies using GROMACS. The 3D and 2D interaction maps revealed the interactions of Keap 1 with ROA. Keap1-ROA complex was found to have a binding energy of -7.8 kcal/mol. ROA showed 0 violations for Lipinski and 0 alerts each for PAINS and Brenk and a bioavailability score of 0.55. The BOILED-Egg representation showcases that ROA is predicted as passively crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The MDS described 2FLU-ROA as a stable system. This work portrays that ROA can be a potent Nrf2 activator by exhibiting an inhibitory activity against the Keap1 protein and thus mitigating oxidative stress in arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
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Yang Y, Hong Y, Han J, Yang Z, Huang N, Xu B, Ma Z, Wang Q. Nerve growth factor alleviates arsenic-induced testicular injury by enhancing the function of Sertoli cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116578. [PMID: 38861803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Sertoli cells (SCs) maintain testicular homeostasis and promote spermatogenesis by forming the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and secreting growth factors. The pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) on SCs have been proved previously. It is still unclear whether the damage effect of arsenic on testis is related to the inhibition of NGF expression, and whether NGF can mitigate arsenic-induced testicular damage by decreasing the damage of SCs induced by arsenic. Here, the lower expression of NGF in testes of arsenic exposed mice (freely drinking water containing 15 mg/l of NaAsO2) was observed through detection of Western blot and Real-time PCR. Subsequently, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Evans blue staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the pathology, BTB permeability and tight junction integrity in testes of control mice, arsenic exposed mice (freely drinking water containing 15 mg/l of NaAsO2) and arsenic + NGF treated mice (freely drinking water containing 15 mg/l of NaAsO2 + intraperitoneal injection with 30 μg/kg of NGF), respectively. Evidently, spermatogenic tubule epithelial cells in testis of arsenic exposed mice were disordered and the number of cell layers was reduced, accompanied by increased permeability and damaged integrity of the tight junction in BTB, but these changes were less obvious in testes of mice treated with arsenic + NGF. In addition, the sperm count, motility and malformation rate of mice treated with arsenic + NGF were also improved. On the basis of the above experiments, the viability and apoptosis of primary cultured SCs treated with arsenic (10 μM NaAsO2) or arsenic + NGF (10 μM NaAsO2 + 100 ng/mL NGF) were detected by Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and transferase-mediated DUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, respectively. It is found that NGF ameliorated the decline of growth activity and the increase of apoptosis in arsenic-induced SCs. This remarkable biological effect that NGF inhibited the increase of Bax expression and the decrease of Bcl-2 expression in arsenic-induced SCs was also determined by western blot and Real-time PCR. Moreover, the decrease in transmembrane resistance (TEER) and the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin was mitigated in SCs induced by arsenic due to NGF treatment. In conclusion, the above results confirmed that NGF could ameliorate the injury effects of arsenic on testis, which might be related to the function of NGF to inhibit arsenic-induced SCs injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, PR China
| | - Yan Hong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, PR China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, PR China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, PR China
| | - Nanmin Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, PR China
| | - Binwei Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, PR China
| | - Zhaolei Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, PR China.
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Yang Y, Hong Y, Han J, Yang Z, Huang N, Xu B, Wang Q. D-Limonene Alleviates Oxidative Stress Injury of the Testis Induced by Arsenic in Rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2776-2785. [PMID: 37773484 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to arsenic can lead to testicular damage and lower sperm quality in males, which is mediated by increased arsenic-induced oxidative stress and other damage mechanisms. D-Limonene, which is rich in oranges, lemons, oranges, grapes and other natural fruits, can relieve doxorubicin (DOX)-induced kidney injury and CCL4-induced cardiac toxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of D-limonene motivate us to further explore whether it can reduce arsenic-induced testicular injury. To verify this scientific hypothesis, testicular pathology, testicular oxidative stress levels and sperm motility were determined after intervention with D-limonene in rats chronically exposed to arsenic. As expected, long-term arsenic exposure caused testicular tissue structure disturbances, increased levels of oxidative stress, and decreased sperm activation, all of which were significantly inhibited due to treatment with D-limonene. In conclusion, our data reveal a previously unproven beneficial effect of D-limonene, namely that D-limonene can inhibit arsenic-induced testicular injury, and also provide theoretical and experimental basis for the application of D-limonene in the treatment of arsenic-induced testicular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Hong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Nanmin Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Binwei Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Rachamalla M, Salahinejad A, Kodzhahinchev V, Niyogi S. Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Sex-Specific Chronic Exposure to Dietary Arsenic in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). TOXICS 2024; 12:302. [PMID: 38668525 PMCID: PMC11053724 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigated the reproductive and developmental effects of sex-specific chronic exposure to dietary arsenic in zebrafish. Adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to environmentally realistic doses of arsenic via diet [0 (control; no added arsenic), 30 (low), 60 (medium), and 100 (high) μg/g dry weight, as arsenite] for 90 days. Following exposure, arsenic-exposed females from each dietary treatment were mated with control males, and similarly, arsenic-exposed males from each dietary treatment were mated with control females. In females, arsenic exposure resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in reproductive performance (fecundity, fertilization success, and hatching success). Moreover, a dose-dependent increase in developmental toxicity (larval deformities and larval mortality) was observed with maternal exposure to arsenic. In contrast, in males, arsenic exposure also induced similar reproductive and developmental toxicity; however, the adverse effects were mainly evident only in the medium and high dietary arsenic treatment groups. We also examined the sex-specific effects of dietary arsenic exposure on the expression of genes that regulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver (HPG-L) axis in fish. The gene expression results indicated the downregulation of HPG-L axis genes in females irrespective of the arsenic treatment dose; however, the reduced expression of HPG-L axis genes in males was recorded only in the medium and high arsenic treatment groups. These observations suggest that chronic arsenic exposure in either females or males causes reproductive and developmental toxicity in zebrafish. However, these toxic effects are markedly higher in females than in males. Our results also suggest that arsenic can act as an endocrine disruptor and mediate reproductive and developmental toxicity by disrupting the HPG-L axis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (A.S.); (V.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Arash Salahinejad
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (A.S.); (V.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Vladimir Kodzhahinchev
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (A.S.); (V.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (A.S.); (V.K.); (S.N.)
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
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Sudhakaran G, Kesavan D, Kandaswamy K, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Unravelling the epigenetic impact: Oxidative stress and its role in male infertility-associated sperm dysfunction. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 124:108531. [PMID: 38176575 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Male infertility is a multifactorial condition influenced by epigenetic regulation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Oxidative stress-induced damage leads to epigenetic modifications, disrupting gene expression crucial for spermatogenesis and fertilization. Paternal exposure to oxidative stress induces transgenerational epigenetic alterations, potentially impacting male fertility in offspring. Mitochondrial dysfunction impairs sperm function, while leukocytospermia exacerbates oxidative stress-related sperm dysfunction. Therefore, this review focuses on understanding these mechanisms as vital for developing preventive strategies, including targeting oxidative stress-induced epigenetic changes and implementing lifestyle modifications to prevent male infertility. This study investigates how oxidative stress affects the epigenome and sperm production, function, and fertilization. Unravelling the molecular pathways provides valuable insights that can advance our scientific understanding. Additionally, these findings have clinical implications and can help to address the significant global health issue of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Sudhakaran
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Kesavan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Kandaswamy
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Koyama H, Kamogashira T, Yamasoba T. Heavy Metal Exposure: Molecular Pathways, Clinical Implications, and Protective Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:76. [PMID: 38247500 PMCID: PMC10812460 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are often found in soil and can contaminate drinking water, posing a serious threat to human health. Molecular pathways and curation therapies for mitigating heavy metal toxicity have been studied for a long time. Recent studies on oxidative stress and aging have shown that the molecular foundation of cellular damage caused by heavy metals, namely, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial stress, share the same pathways as those involved in cellular senescence and aging. In recent aging studies, many types of heavy metal exposures have been used in both cellular and animal aging models. Chelation therapy is a traditional treatment for heavy metal toxicity. However, recently, various antioxidants have been found to be effective in treating heavy metal-induced damage, shifting the research focus to investigating the interplay between antioxidants and heavy metals. In this review, we introduce the molecular basis of heavy metal-induced cellular damage and its relationship with aging, summarize its clinical implications, and discuss antioxidants and other agents with protective effects against heavy metal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Koyama
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Teru Kamogashira
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Tokyo Teishin Hospital, Tokyo 102-0071, Japan
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7
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Samir AM, Korany AM, Foaad H, Manawil M. Male reproductive hormone disorders among copper smelter workers. Toxicol Ind Health 2024; 40:52-58. [PMID: 37983667 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231215864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Male workers in copper smelting are exposed to copper, lead, and arsenic. This study aimed to assess the effects of combined exposure to these metals on male reproductive hormone levels and assesses malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress parameter. The study was conducted on 40 copper smelter workers compared with 40 non-exposed workers. Laboratory investigations included levels of serum copper, blood lead, serum arsenic, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and MDA. Levels of copper, arsenic, lead, FSH, and LH were significantly increased compared to controls. However, a statistically significant decrease in the mean value of testosterone was found among exposed workers. Positive correlations between serum copper and both serum FSH and MDA levels were statistically significant as were correlations between serum arsenic and MDA levels. Testosterone levels showed significant negative correlations with both copper and arsenic among exposed workers. A linear regression model of copper, arsenic, and lead levels as independent variables with FSH, LH, and testosterone as dependent variables revealed a significant negative association between serum copper and testosterone levels. The current study concluded that combined exposure to copper, arsenic, and lead in secondary copper smelters had a negative impact on male reproductive hormone levels that may be mediated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha M Samir
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Korany
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hisham Foaad
- Department of Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marie Manawil
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Biswas S, Pal P, Mondal R, Mukhopadhyay PK. Casein and pea enriched high-protein diet attenuates arsenic provoked apoptosis in testicles of adult rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:551-563. [PMID: 37663799 PMCID: PMC10470344 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity is a major health issue that also threats male reproductive system leading to impairment of fertility. The antioxidant capacity of casein and pea enriched formulated high-protein diet (FHPD) is found to be effective in different toxicity management. The present study was endeavored to investigate the mitigatory aspect of FHPD on arsenic stimulated testicular apoptosis. Adult male rats were maintained on either normal diet as control (Gr I, n = 8) and arsenic (As2O3) treated at a dose of 3 mg/kg/rat/day (Gr II, n = 8) or on isocaloric FHPD as supplemented (Gr III, n = 8) with same dose of arsenic for 30 consecutive days. Testicular histomorphometry, spermatokinetics, testicular functional marker enzymes, serum gonadotrophins, oxidative stress markers, testicular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, and apoptosis markers were evaluated to assess the reprotoxicity of arsenic and subsequent protection by FHPD. FHPD protected the histopathological alterations and also restored normal spermatogenesis. Altered enzymatic activities of testicular functional markers like lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transferase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase were also regularized. FHPD also reinstated the normal level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), and also normalized the enzymatic activities of testicular glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Testicular DNA damage was also prevented by FHPD supplementation. Testicular apoptosis marked by the altered messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression of apoptotic markers like Bax, Bcl-2, caspase 9, and caspase 3 were also attenuated upon FHPD supplementation along with diminution of arsenic accumulation in testicular tissues. FHPD not only mitigated the adverse effects of arsenic induced gonadotoxicity but also helped in sustaining the normal reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Priyankar Pal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Rubia Mondal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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Ortega-Morales NB, Cueto-Wong JA, Velez-Monroy LI, Chavez-Solis AU, Barrientos-Juarez E, Duarte-Sustaita JJ, Veliz-Deras FG, Calderon-Leyva G, Moran-Martinez J. Counteracting the Toxic Hidroarsenicism Effects upon Reproductive-Physiological Outcomes in Male Goats: The Selenium and Vitamin-E Mitigation Approach. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2055. [PMID: 37443853 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was to evaluate whether selenium and vitamin-E counteract the toxic effects of arsenic on reproductive aspects and physiological conditions of male goats. Male goats [Criollo, n = 20, 4-5 yr-old, 72 kg live weight (LW)] were distributed in homogeneous groups (n = 5), and received during 12 weeks: (1) Sodium arsenite 2 mg/kg of LW/day (AG, LW = 69 kg); (2) Sodium selenite 6 mg + vitamin-E 420 I.U. every 14 days during the 12 weeks (SG, LW = 68 kg); (3) Both AG and SG treatments (ASG, LW = 77 kg); and (4) 1 mL of physiological solution every 14 days during the 12 weeks (CG, LW = 72 kg). The animals had access to water from a well with a concentration of 35 μg/L of arsenic. The SG had the highest percentage of sperm viability (80.6%) followed by the CG, ASG (74.7; p > 0.05), and AG (64.3; p ≤ 0.05). The ASG and SG had a lower heart rate as compared to the CG and AG (58.8, 58 vs. 65.4, 63.5; respectively, p ≤ 0.05). The CG and SG showed a lower respiratory rate than the AG and ASG (19.2, 18.7 vs. 22.1, 21.0, respectively; p ≤ 0.05). Selenium and vitamin-E were efficient in reducing the damage caused by sodium arsenite in sperm quality and maintaining heart and respiratory rates and increases in odor in male goats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A Cueto-Wong
- National Institute of Forest, Agricultural and Livestock Research, La Laguna Experimental Field, Matamoros 27440, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Leonardo I Velez-Monroy
- National Institute of Forest, Agricultural and Livestock Research, La Laguna Experimental Field, Matamoros 27440, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Adan U Chavez-Solis
- National Institute of Forest, Agricultural and Livestock Research, La Laguna Experimental Field, Matamoros 27440, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Eutiquio Barrientos-Juarez
- National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research, Campo Experimental Aldama, Juan Aldama 32910, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | - Francisco G Veliz-Deras
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Torreón 27054, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Calderon-Leyva
- Department of Animal Production, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Torreón 27054, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Javier Moran-Martinez
- Department of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón 27000, Coahuila, Mexico
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Ivy N, Mukherjee T, Bhattacharya S, Ghosh A, Sharma P. Arsenic contamination in groundwater and food chain with mitigation options in Bengal delta with special reference to Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:1261-1287. [PMID: 35841495 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bangladesh, situated in Bengal delta, is one of the worst affected countries by arsenic contamination in groundwater. Most of the people in the country are dependent on groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes. Currently, 61 districts out of 64 districts of Bangladesh are affected by arsenic contamination. Drinking arsenic contaminated groundwater is the main pathway of arsenic exposure in the population. Additionally, the use of arsenic-contaminated groundwater for irrigation purpose in crop fields in Bangladesh has elevated arsenic concentration in surface soil and in the plants. In many arsenic-affected countries, including Bangladesh, rice is reported to be one of the significant sources of arsenic contamination. This review discussed scenario of groundwater arsenic contamination and transmission of arsenic through food chain in Bangladesh. The study further highlighted the human health perspectives of arsenic exposure in Bangladesh with possible mitigation and remediation options employed in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishita Ivy
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bihar, India
| | | | - Sayan Bhattacharya
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bihar, India
| | - Abhrajyoti Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Prabhakar Sharma
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bihar, India.
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Souza ACF, Bastos DSS, Couto-Santos F, Guimarães-Ervilha LO, Araújo LS, Souza PHCA, Coimbra JLP, Oliveira LL, Guimarães SEF, Machado-Neves M. Long-term reproductive effects in male rats prenatally exposed to sodium arsenite. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1162-1173. [PMID: 36757007 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is an environmental toxicant known to be a carcinogen and endocrine disruptor. Maternal exposure to arsenic has been associated with fetus malformation and reproductive disorders in male offspring. However, it is unclear the extent to which those effects remain during postnatal development and adulthood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of prenatal arsenic exposure on reproductive parameters of male offspring at peripubertal and adult periods. Pregnant female Wistar rats were exposed to 0 or 10 mg/L sodium arsenite in drinking water from gestational day 1 (GD 1) until GD 21 and male pups were analyzed at postnatal day 44 (PND 44) and PND 70. We observed that some reproductive parameters were affected differently by arsenic exposure at each age evaluated. The body and reproductive organs weights, as well as testicular and epididymal morphology were strongly affected in peripubertal animals and recovered at adult period. On the other hand, the antioxidant genes expression (SOD1, SOD2, CAT and GSTK1) and the endogenous antioxidant system were affected in the testes and epididymides from both peripubertal and adult rats. Finally, an impairment in daily sperm production and in sperm parameters was observed in adult animals. Taken together, our findings show that prenatal arsenic exposure affected reproductive parameters of peripubertal and adult male rats mainly due to oxidative stress. Collectively, those alterations may be affecting fertility potential of adult animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia F Souza
- Department of Animal Biology, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel S S Bastos
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Felipe Couto-Santos
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa S Araújo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Pedro H C A Souza
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - John L P Coimbra
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leandro L Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Mukherjee AG, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. The interplay of arsenic, silymarin, and NF-ĸB pathway in male reproductive toxicity: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114614. [PMID: 36753973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity is one of the most trending reasons for several malfunctions, particularly reproductive toxicity. The exact mechanism of arsenic poisoning is a big question mark. Exposure to arsenic reduces sperm count, impairs fertilization, and causes inflammation and genotoxicity through interfering with autophagy, epigenetics, ROS generation, downregulation of essential protein expression, metabolite changes, and hampering several signaling cascades, particularly by the alteration of NF-ĸB pathway. This work tries to give a clear idea about the different aspects of arsenic resulting in male reproductive complications, often leading to infertility. The first part of this article explains the implications of arsenic poisoning and the crosstalk of the NF-ĸB pathway in male reproductive toxicity. Silymarin is a bioactive compound that exerts anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties and has demonstrated hopeful outcomes in several cancers, including colon cancer, breast cancer, and skin cancer, by downregulating the hyperactive NF-ĸB pathway. The next half of this article thus sheds light on silymarin's therapeutic potential in inhibiting the NF-ĸB signaling cascade, thus offering protection against arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India.
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13
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Ye F, Wu L, Li H, Peng X, Xu Y, Li W, Wei Y, Chen F, Zhang J, Liu Q. SIRT1/PGC-1α is involved in arsenic-induced male reproductive damage through mitochondrial dysfunction, which is blocked by the antioxidative effect of zinc. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121084. [PMID: 36681380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic poses threats to male reproductive system, including impairing the testes and sperm quality. Although an association regarding arsenic exposure and male reproductive damage has been reported, the undergoing molecular mechanisms and interventions for prevention remain unclear. For the present work, male mice were exposed to 0, 2.5, 5, or 10 ppm sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) for 8 months. The results showed that arsenic-exposed mice had reduced fertility with abnormalities in the testes, epididymides, and sperm. Exposure of mice to arsenic caused a redox imbalance, decreased SIRT1 and PGC-1α levels, and affected mitochondrial biogenesis and proteins related to mitochondrial dynamics. For immortalized spermatogenic (GC-2) cells, arsenic caused apoptosis and oxidative stress, reduced SIRT1/PGC-1α levels and ATP production, inhibited mitochondrial respiration, and changed the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics were also impaired. However, by reducing mitochondrial damage in GC-2 cells, upregulation of SIRT1 or zinc (Zn) supplementation reversed the apoptosis induced by arsenic. For mice, Zn supplementation blocked arsenic-induced oxidative stress, the decreases of SIRT1 and PGC-1α levels, and the impairment of mitochondrial function, and it reversed the damage to testes, low sperm quality, and low litter size. Collectively, these results suggest that arsenic causes excessive production of ROS, inhibits the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, and causing mitochondrial dysfunction by mediating impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, which results in germ cells apoptosis and male reproductive damage, processes that are blocked by Zn via an antioxidative effect. Our study contributes to understanding of the mechanisms for arsenic-induced male reproductive damage and points to the therapeutic significance of Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Ye
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wu
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Li
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshan Peng
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide, and Veterinary Drug, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide, and Veterinary Drug, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Li
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingshu Zhang
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide, and Veterinary Drug, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Machado-Neves M. Arsenic exposure and its implications in male fertility. Anim Reprod 2023; 19:e20220119. [PMID: 36819483 PMCID: PMC9924305 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic exposure is a global health concern. This toxic metalloid is ubiquitous in the environment and contaminates food and drinking water. Once ingested, it undergoes a complex metabolic process within the body, which contributes to its accumulation and reactivity. Arsenic toxicity stems from the induction of oxidative stress, inhibition of thiol-containing proteins, and mimicry of inorganic phosphates. Arsenic poisoning is associated with the development of reproductive disorders. In males, arsenic causes a reduction in testicular weight and alterations in steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. Moreover, it reduces the number and quality of spermatozoa harvested from the cauda epididymis. The mitochondria are targets of arsenic toxicity because of the production of free radicals and their high content of cysteine-rich proteins and fatty acids. Mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to reproductive disorders because this organelle is crucial for controlling testicular and epididymal events related to sperm production and maturation. All of these alterations mediated by arsenic exposure contribute to the failure of male reproductive competence by reducing gamete viability. This review describes the potential mechanisms of arsenic toxicity, its detrimental effects on male reproductive organs, and consequences on sperm fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Machado-Neves
- Departamento de Biologia GeralUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMGBrasilDepartamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil,Corresponding author:
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15
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Ijaz MU, Haider S, Tahir A, Afsar T, Almajwal A, Amor H, Razak S. Mechanistic insight into the protective effects of fisetin against arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3080. [PMID: 36813806 PMCID: PMC9947136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is one of the most hazardous environmental contaminants, which adversely affects the dynamics of male reproductive system. Fisetin (FIS) is a bioactive flavonoid, which is known to exert strong antioxidative effects. Therefore, the current research was planned to evaluate the alleviative efficacy of FIS against arsenic-induced reproductive damages. Forty-eight male albino rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 12), which were treated as follows: (1) Control, (2) Arsenic-intoxicated group (8 mg kg-1), (3) Arsenic + FIS-treated group (8 mg kg-1 + 10 mg kg-1), and (4) FIS-treated group (10 mgkg-1). After 56 days of treatment, the biochemical, lipidemic, steroidogenic, hormonal, spermatological, apoptotic and histoarchitectural profiles of rats were analyzed. Arsenic intoxication reduced the enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GSR), in addition to glutathione (GSH) level. Conversely, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased. Moreover, it escalated the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides and total cholesterol, while declining the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Furthermore, steroidogenic enzymes expressions, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 17β-HSD, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1) and 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20-lyase (CYP17A1), were found to be reduced, which brought down the level of testosterone. Besides, the levels of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) were decreased. Additionally, a decline in sperm mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), motility, epididymal sperm count and hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) coil-tailed sperms was observed, whereas the dead sperms and structural damages (head, midpiece and tail) of sperms were escalated. Moreover, arsenic exposure up-regulated the mRNA expressions of apoptotic markers, namely Bax and caspase-3, whereas lowered the expression of anti-apoptotic marker, Bcl-2. In addition, it induced histoarchitectural changes in testes of rats. However, FIS treatment resulted in remarkable improvements in testicular and sperm parameters. Therefore, it was inferred that FIS could serve as a therapeutic candidate against arsenic-generated male reproductive toxicity attributing to its anti-oxidant, anti-lipoperoxidative, anti-apoptotic, and androgenic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Saqlain Haider
- grid.413016.10000 0004 0607 1563Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arfa Tahir
- grid.413016.10000 0004 0607 1563Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Houda Amor
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Clinic, Homburg, Germany
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Concessao PL, Bairy KL, Raghavendra AP. Ameliorating effect of Mucuna pruriens seed extract on sodium arsenite-induced testicular toxicity and hepato-renal histopathology in rats. Vet World 2023; 16:82-93. [PMID: 36855363 PMCID: PMC9967728 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.82-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim A significant cause of arsenic poisoning is polluted groundwater. Arsenic poisoning results in the suppression of spermatogenesis and the liver and kidneys are vulnerable to the toxic effects as well. Mucuna pruriens has been identified to have fertility-enhancing and anti-lipid peroxidation properties. Based on these properties of M. pruriens, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of M. pruriens seed extract in reducing sodium arsenite-induced testicular impairment and hepato-renal histopathology in rats. Materials and Methods The study was divided into two groups; short-term (45 days) and long-term (90 days) treatment groups and each group was divided into nine subgroups. Subgroups 1 and 2 served as normal and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) controls, respectively. Subgroups 3-9 received sodium arsenite in the drinking water (50 mg/L). Subgroup-4 received NAC (210 mg/kg body weight [BW]) orally once daily. Subgroups 5-7 received aqueous seed extract of M. pruriens (350, 530, and 700 mg/kg BW, respectively) orally once daily. Subgroups 8 and 9 received a combination of NAC and aqueous seed extract (350 and 530 mg/kg BW, respectively) orally once daily. Following the treatment, animals were sacrificed and sperm parameters and DNA damage were evaluated. Testis, liver, and kidneys were analyzed for histopathology. Results Sodium arsenite-induced a significant reduction in sperm parameters and increase in the abnormal architecture of spermatozoa. Histology revealed tissue necrosis. The M. pruriens seed extract ameliorated the damaging effects of sodium arsenite with respect to tissue architecture and sperm parameters when coadministered. Conclusion Mucuna pruriens has beneficial effects against the deleterious effects of sodium arsenite on various tissues. Thus, M. pruriens (530 and 700 mg/kg BW) supplementation would reduce the adverse changes observed with sodium arsenite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Lavina Concessao
- Department of Physiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India,Corresponding author: Preethi Lavina Concessao, e-mail: Co-authors: KLB: , APR:
| | - Kurady Laxminarayana Bairy
- Department of Pharmacology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Archana Parampalli Raghavendra
- Department of Physiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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17
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Li Y, Peng Q, Shang J, Dong W, Wu S, Guo X, Xie Z, Chen C. The role of taurine in male reproduction: Physiology, pathology and toxicology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1017886. [PMID: 36742382 PMCID: PMC9889556 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1017886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, has a wide range of biological effects, such as bile salt formation, osmotic regulation, oxidative stress inhibition, immunomodulation and neuromodulation. Taurine has been proved to be synthesized and abundant in male reproductive organs. Recently, accumulating data showed that taurine has a potential protective effect on reproductive function of male animals. In physiology, taurine can promote the endocrine function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis, testicular tissue development, spermatogenesis and maturation, delay the aging of testicular structure and function, maintain the homeostasis of the testicular environment, and enhance sexual ability. In pathology, taurine supplement may be beneficial to alleviate pathological damage of male reproductive system, including oxidative damage of sperm preservation in vitro, testicular reperfusion injury and diabetes -induced reproductive complications. In addition, taurine acts as a protective agent against toxic damage to the male reproductive system by exogenous substances (e.g., therapeutic drugs, environmental pollutants, radiation). Related mechanisms include reduced oxidative stress, increased antioxidant capacity, inhibited inflammation and apoptosis, restored the secretory activity of the HPT axis, reduced chromosomal variation, enhanced sperm mitochondrial energy metabolism, cell membrane stabilization effect, etc. Therefore, this article reviewed the protective effect of taurine on male reproductive function and its detailed mechanism, in order to provide reference for further research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Qianwen Peng
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jia Shang
- Arts Department, School of Kaifeng Culture and Tourism, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wanglin Dong
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Sijia Wu
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xiajun Guo
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenxing Xie, ; Chaoran Chen,
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenxing Xie, ; Chaoran Chen,
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18
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Rachamalla M, Chinthada J, Kushwaha S, Putnala SK, Sahu C, Jena G, Niyogi S. Contemporary Comprehensive Review on Arsenic-Induced Male Reproductive Toxicity and Mechanisms of Phytonutrient Intervention. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10120744. [PMID: 36548577 PMCID: PMC9784647 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a poisonous metalloid that is toxic to both humans and animals. Drinking water contamination has been linked to the development of cancer (skin, lung, urinary bladder, and liver), as well as other disorders such as diabetes and cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, and developmental damage. According to epidemiological studies, As contributes to male infertility, sexual dysfunction, poor sperm quality, and developmental consequences such as low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, and small for gestational age (SGA). Arsenic exposure negatively affected male reproductive systems by lowering testicular and accessory organ weights, and sperm counts, increasing sperm abnormalities and causing apoptotic cell death in Leydig and Sertoli cells, which resulted in decreased testosterone synthesis. Furthermore, during male reproductive toxicity, several molecular signalling pathways, such as apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy are involved. Phytonutrient intervention in arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity in various species has received a lot of attention over the years. The current review provides an in-depth summary of the available literature on arsenic-induced male toxicity, as well as therapeutic approaches and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Joshi Chinthada
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar 160062, India
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Transit Campus, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Sravan Kumar Putnala
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Chittaranjan Sahu
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar 160062, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar 160062, India
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
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19
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Ex vivo exposures to arsenite and its methylated trivalent metabolites alter gene transcription in mouse sperm cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 455:116266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Orta Yilmaz B, Aydin Y. Disruption of Leydig cell steroidogenic function by sodium arsenite and/or sodium fluoride. Theriogenology 2022; 193:146-156. [PMID: 36182826 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Arsenite (As) and fluoride (F), both of which are linked to a variety of human ailments, are regularly found in underground drinking water. Numerous studies have shown that As and/or F have negative impacts on testicular function and fertility. For this purpose, mouse Leydig cells, the main cells responsible for the generation and regulation of steroid hormones such as testosterone, were used to reveal the effects of individual and combined exposure of As and F on the steroidogenic pathway in the male reproductive system. Leydig cells were treated with 0.39 μM (50 ppb) As and 0.0476 mM (2 ppm) F alone and in combination for 24 h. The findings revealed that As and/or F exposure induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in Leydig cells and altered antioxidant equilibrium of the cells by reducing superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase. Additionally, individual and combined administration of As and/or F significantly supressed the expression of both steroidogenic enzymes and the genes encoding these enzymes. In conclusion, this study showed that exposure to As and F at environmentally relevant concentrations dispersed by water decreased testosterone production in Leydig cells, an important cell of the male reproductive system. The deleterious effects of even the lowest concentrations of As and F elements that can reach humans from the environment on the Leydig cell, and therefore on male infertility, emphasize necessity new safe limits for these elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Orta Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Aydin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Could metal exposure affect sperm parameters of domestic ruminants? a meta-analysis. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 244:107050. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Goutam Mukherjee A, Ramesh Wanjari U, Renu K, Vellingiri B, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. Heavy metal and metalloid - induced reproductive toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103859. [PMID: 35358731 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and metalloid exposure are among the most common factors responsible for reproductive toxicity in human beings. Several studies have indicated that numerous metals and metalloids can display severe adverse properties on the human reproductive system. Metals like lead, silver, cadmium, uranium, vanadium, and mercury and metalloids like arsenic have been known to induce reproductive toxicity. Moderate to minute quantities of lead may affect several reproductive parameters and even affect semen quality. The ecological and industrial exposures to the various heavy metals and metalloids have disastrous effects on the reproductive system ensuing in infertility. This work emphasizes the mechanism and pathophysiology of the aforementioned heavy metals and metalloids in reproductive toxicity. Additionally, this work aims to cover the classical protective mechanisms of zinc, melatonin, chelation therapy, and other trending methods to prevent heavy metal-induced reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India; Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
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23
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Peng Z, Yang Q, Yeerken R, Chen J, Liu X, Li X. Multi-omics analyses reveal the mechanisms of Arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity in mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127548. [PMID: 34741939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As), a widespread environmental contaminant, can induce serious male reproductive injury; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Multi-omics analyses, including transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome could promote our understanding of As-induced male reproductive toxicity. Here, we established the reproductive injured mice model by intraperitoneal injection of NaAsO2 (8 mg/kg body weight), which was validated by reduced reproductive cells, sperm motility, and litter size. The followed multi-omics analyses of mice revealed that As exposure inhibited ATP production by decreasing the expression of proteins HK1, and GAPDHS, and the enzymatic activities of PDH and SDH. The inhibition of mitochondrial activity and increase in HDAC2 and MTA3 dysregulated the lysine acetylation levels of histone and global proteins. Specifically, the downregulated histones H4K5ac and H4K12ac and upregulated histone H3K9ac disordered the distribution of TP1 to interfere with spermatogenesis. Moreover, As could reduce the expression of COL1A1, RAB13, and LSR to disrupt the junctions between seminiferous tubules, and thereinto, the inhibition of RAB13 increased PKA-dependent phosphorylation. Our study reveals that As causes male reproductive toxicity through decreasing energy production, altering histone acetylation, and impairing cell junctions. Our findings provide basic data for further studies on As reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiangzhen Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ranna Yeerken
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xurui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Al-Saleh I, Coskun S, Al-Rouqi R, Al-Rajudi T, Eltabache C, Abduljabbar M, Al-Hassan S. Oxidative stress and DNA damage status in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 2:117-139. [PMID: 35128448 PMCID: PMC8812407 DOI: 10.1530/raf-20-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the status of oxidative stress in 599 couples undertaking in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment and its association with reproductive hormones, smoking, and outcomes. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined in follicular fluid and seminal plasma. Tail moment (TM) was used to evaluate DNA damage in the sperm and granulosa cells. Reproductive hormones in serum and cotinine (COT) in urine, follicular fluid, and seminal plasma samples were determined. Separate multivariate linear regression was used to assess associations between levels of each oxidative stress biomarker and each hormone and smoking parameter (modeled as natural log-transformed). The findings indicate that some oxidative stress and DNA damage biomarkers played a role in disrupting certain reproductive hormones in women and their male partners either by overproducing reactive oxygen species or reducing antioxidant defense capacity. Although women were nonsmokers, COT levels > 50 and 10 µg/L in urine and follicular were observed in 5.7 and 1.7%, respectively. Levels of follicular fluid COT were positively associated with H2O2 and TM. We used log-binomial multivariate regression to estimate relative risks for the association between oxidative stress/DNA damage and IVF binary outcomes (fertilization rate > 50%, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth). An increase in the CAT levels of follicular fluid was associated with a 48 and 41% decrease in the risk of poor fertilization rate (≤50%) and unsuccessful live birth, respectively. After the models were adjusted for hormonal factors, the associations remained the same, except that the elevated TAC in follicular fluid became significantly associated with a decrease of 42% in the risk of poor fertilization rate (≤50%). The higher antioxidant activity (CAT and TAC) in follicular fluid might positively impact specific IVF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Serdar Coskun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Al-Rouqi
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahreer Al-Rajudi
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chafica Eltabache
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Abduljabbar
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Al-Hassan
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Choudhury BP, Roychoudhury S, Sengupta P, Toman R, Dutta S, Kesari KK. Arsenic-Induced Sex Hormone Disruption: An Insight into Male Infertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1391:83-95. [PMID: 36472818 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12966-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is one of the most potent natural as well as anthropogenic metalloid toxicants that have various implications in the everyday life of humans. It is found in several chemical forms such as inorganic salt, organic salt, and arsine (gaseous form). Although it is mostly released via natural causes, there are many ways through which humans come in contact with As. Drinking water contamination by As is one of the major health concerns in various parts of the world. Arsenic exposure has the ability to induce adverse health effects including reproductive problems. Globally, around 15% of the couples are affected with infertility, of which about 20-30% are attributed to the male factor. Arsenic affects the normal development and function of sperm cells, tissue organization of the gonads, and also the sex hormone parameters. Stress induction is one of the implications of As exposure. Excessive stress leads to the release of glucocorticoids, which impact the oxidative balance in the body leading to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This may in turn result in oxidative stress (OS) ultimately interfering with normal sperm and hormonal parameters. This study deals with As-induced OS and its association with sex hormone disruption as well as its effect on sperm and semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pallav Sengupta
- School of Medical Sciences, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Selaiyur, Chennai, India.,Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Robert Toman
- Department of Veterinary Disciplines, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Sulagna Dutta
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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26
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Khair A, Awal MA, Hoque MN, Talukder AK, Das ZC, Rao DR, Shamsuddin M. Spirulina ameliorates arsenic induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20210035. [PMID: 34868368 PMCID: PMC8628875 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirulina (Spirulina platensis), has numerous health benefits including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities, works against heavy metal toxicity, and is often used as a food supplement in human, animals, birds and fishes. This study aimed to evaluate the protective ability of the dietary spirulina against the toxic effects of inorganic arsenic (iAs) on male reproductive parameters in rats. Seventy-two mature Long-Evans male rats, dividing into six groups (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) (12 rats/group) were included in this study. The T3, T4 and T5 group rats were treated with three consecutive doses (1.0 g, 1.5 g and 2.0 g/kg feed) of spirulina in feed along with 3.0 mg NaAsO2/kg body weight (BW) in drinking water (DW) daily for 90 days. Each rat of group T1 received NaAsO2 (3.0 mg/kg BW) in DW, and those of T2 group were fed with spirulina (2.0 g/kg feed) daily for 90 days. The rats of group T0 served as the control with normal feed and water. Total arsenic (tAs) contents, reproductive parameters (testicular weight, sperm motility and morphology), and histological changes in the testicles were evaluated in these rats. Arsenic dosing significantly (p=0.003, Kruskal-Wallis test) increased the tAs contents in the testicles, decreased testes weight, sperm morphology and motility compared to the controls. The effect of arsenic dosing was also evidenced by the histological changes like decreased germinal layers in the seminiferous tubules of the treated rats. Moreover, dietary spirulina (2.0 g/kg feed) supplementation significantly (p=0.011, Kruskal-Wallis test) lowered tAs contents in testicles and increases testes weights, sperm motility and morphology. Therefore, spirulina can be used as an effective dietary supplement to ameliorate the adverse effects of arsenic induced reproductive toxicities. However, further study is required to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of reduction of arsenic induced reproductive toxicity by spirulina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Khair
- Quality Control Laboratory, Department of Livestock Services, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Abdul Awal
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Anup Kumar Talukder
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Ziban Chandra Das
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammed Shamsuddin
- Livestock Officer, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
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27
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Liu P, Li R, Tian X, Zhao Y, Li M, Wang M, Ying X, Yuan J, Xie J, Yan X, Lyu Y, Wei C, Qiu Y, Tian F, Zhao Q, Yan X. Co-exposure to fluoride and arsenic disrupts intestinal flora balance and induces testicular autophagy in offspring rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112506. [PMID: 34265531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While numerous studies have shown that fluoride or arsenic exposure may damage the reproductive system, there are few reports of co-exposure to fluoride and arsenic. In addition, the literature on autophagy and intestinal flora composition in reproductive toxicity studies of co-exposure to fluoride and arsenic is insufficient. In this study, we developed a rat model of fluoride and arsenic exposure via drinking water from pre-pregnancy to 90 days postnatal. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sterile water control group, fluoride group (100 mg/L NaF), arsenic group (50 mg/L NaAsO2) and combined exposure group (100 mg/L NaF+50 mg/L NaAsO2). Our results showed that fluoride and arsenic exposure caused a reduction in testicular weight and significant pathological damage to tissue. We found that the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone were reduced to varying degrees. Meanwhile experiments showed that fluoride and arsenic exposure can modulate autophagic flux, causing increased levels of Beclin1 and LC3 expression and decreased p62 expression. Analogously, by performing 16S sequencing of rat feces, we found 24 enterobacterial genera that differed significantly among the groups. Furthermore, the flora associated with testicular injury were identified by correlation analysis of hormonal indices and autophagy alterations with intestinal flora composition at the genus level, respectively. In summary, our study shows that fluoride and arsenic co-exposure alters autophagic flux in the testis, causes testicular injury, and reveals an association between altered intestinal flora composition and testicular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Ran Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiaodong Ying
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jiyu Yuan
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jiaxin Xie
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiaoting Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Cailing Wei
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yulan Qiu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Fengjie Tian
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
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28
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Protective Effect of Nano-Vitamin C on Infertility due to Oxidative Stress Induced by Lead and Arsenic in Male Rats. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9589345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposure to heavy metals such as arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) by inducing oxidative damage may impair male fertility. However, there is a new view that shows that the nano form of vitamins such as vitamin C, which have antioxidant activity, can be effective in improving this disorder. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of NVC (NVC) on reproductive toxicity caused by the combination of Pb and As on testicular histology, sperm morphology, oxidative stress parameters, and hormonal changes in male rats. In this experimental study, forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, NVC (200 mg/kg), As (50 ppm sodium arsenate), Pb (500 ppm Pb acetate), As + NVC, and Pb + NVC. FSH, LH, and testosterone levels were measured in serum. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), carbonyl protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured in testis. Histological examination and sperm parameters were also evaluated. FSH, LH, and testosterone levels and sperm parameters significantly decreased, and levels of protein carbonyl, MDA, and DNA fragmentation increased in the As and Pb groups, while treatment with NVC could improve them. Histological evaluation and sperm parameters in As and Pb groups showed damage in the process of spermatogenesis and sperm parameters. The treatment with NVC could significantly improve these parameters. The activity of GPx, SOD, and CAT in testis decreased in As and Pb groups, while treatment with NVC could enhance them. It can be concluded that NVC by inhibiting oxidative damage and improving serum level of testosterone, LH, and FSH could overcome As- and Pb-induced reproductive dysfunction.
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Tian M, Wang YX, Wang X, Wang H, Liu L, Zhang J, Nan B, Shen H, Huang Q. Environmental doses of arsenic exposure are associated with increased reproductive-age male urinary hormone excretion and in vitro Leydig cell steroidogenesis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124904. [PMID: 33385727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Humans are ubiquitously exposed to arsenic from multiple sources, and chronic arsenic exposure may be associated with male reproductive health. Although association regarding arsenic exposure and sex hormone secretion in blood has been reported, sex hormone excretion in urine studies is lacking. Urinary sex hormone excretion has emerged as a complementary strategy to evaluate gonadal function. Herein, we determined the associations between environmental exposure to arsenic and urinary sex hormone elimination and in vitro Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Concentrations of arsenic and testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in repeated urine samples were determined among 451 reproductive-age males. Moreover, an in vitro Leydig cell MLTC-1 steroidogenesis experiment was designed to simulate real-world scenarios of low human exposure. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the associations of urinary arsenic levels with urinary hormones. Urinary arsenic concentrations were positively associated with urinary sex hormone (T, E2, and P) levels. An in vitro test further demonstrated that a population-based environmental exposure range (0.01-5 μM) of arsenic induced Leydig cell steroidogenesis potency. Our results indicate that low-dose arsenic exposure exhibits an endocrine disrupting effect by stimulating Leydig cell steroidogenesis and accelerating urinary steroid excretion, which extends previous knowledge of the inverse association of high-dose arsenic exposure with sexual steroid production that is assumed to be anti-androgen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Tian
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Bingru Nan
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Heqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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30
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Rakic A, Milovanovich ID, Trbovich AM, Stefanović S, Nikolić D, Janković S, Soldatović I, De Luka SR. Trace elements in different tissues in aging rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126604. [PMID: 32634768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trace elements (TE) in the human body provide a connecting link between the environment, lifestyle and biochemical modulation of homeodynamics. On the other hand, many non-essential (toxic) elements are linked to numerous diseases. Our study tried to identify differences in TE levels between healthy old and young Wistar rats in blood and the tissues of kidney, liver, heart, and testicles. Furthermore, we wanted to see if there were age-related differences in correlations between essential and/or non-essential (toxic) TE within and between mentioned tissues. METHODS We used 28 healthy male Wistar rats which were divided into two age groups: young, aged 10 weeks (n = 15) and old, aged 36 months (n = 13). The animals were sacrificed under general anesthesia and the blood samples, and samples from the tissues of the heart, kidneys, testicles, and liver were used for the determination of TE content in them. Analysis of the 16 elements was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS Toxic elements in old rats (As, Hg, and Cd) were significantly higher in all of the tissues where the difference in levels of these elements was found. Tissues of the kidney and liver had the most correlations between TE in old and young rats, respectively. In both old and young rats, arsenic was the toxic element that had most of the correlations with other essential or non-essential elements. In old rats, most of the TE correlations were detected between the tissues of the kidney and heart (11 correlations), while in young rats most of the correlations were observed between the tissues of kidney and liver, and kidney and testicles (with 9 correlations both). CONCLUSIONS Our study has found significant changes in levels of trace elements in all of the mentioned tissues, with kidney and testicles being the tissues with the most TE differences between the two aged groups. This and other similar studies should encourage other investigators to evaluate the mutual connections between TE and physiological, or the "unhealthy" aging. More studies with more tissues included, more biomarkers of the systemic function, and even molecular methods are needed to provide the answers to numerous questions relating to TE and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Rakic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Alexander M Trbovich
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Srđan Stefanović
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragica Nikolić
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Saša Janković
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivan Soldatović
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Silvio R De Luka
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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31
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Li X, Zuo C, Sun D, Zhao T, Zhang Z. Arsenite Increases Linc-ROR in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells that Can Be Inhibited by Antioxidant Factors. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:131-141. [PMID: 32030632 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the main mechanism of arsenite toxicity. Long intergenic non-coding RNA regulator of reprogramming is a newly found stress-response long non-coding RNA that is activated in various stress conditions. However, whether long intergenic non-coding RNA, regulator of reprogramming (linc-ROR) is involved in arsenite-induced oxidative stress has not been explored. In this study, we found that arsenite dose responsively increased the expression of linc-ROR in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, along with elevated oxidative stress demonstrated by increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage, as well as decreased antioxidant glutathione and superoxide dismutase. We further found that the pre-treatment with N-acetylcysteine, a widely used ROS scavenger, and the over-expression of antioxidant NRF2 protein, both significantly reduced arsenite-induced oxidative stress in arsenite-treated HBE cells, and the linc-ROR over-expression was also inhibited, suggesting that oxidative stress is a key factor for the increase of linc-ROR in arsenite-treated HBE cells. Moreover, our results of bio-informatic analysis showed that arsenite-induced oxidative stress might modulate linc-ROR expression via 3 genes and the up-regulated linc-ROR in arsenite-induced oxidative stress may get involved in cellular processes such as cellular stress response, RNA metabolism, and DNA repair. Collectively, our study demonstrates that oxidative stress plays the key role in arsenite-induced over-expression of linc-ROR, and linc-ROR may be a new clue for exploring the mechanism of arsenite toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Renmin Nanlu, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zuo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Renmin Nanlu, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglei Sun
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Renmin Nanlu, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhe Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Renmin Nanlu, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunzhen Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Renmin Nanlu, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Couto-Santos F, Souza ACF, Bastos DSS, Ervilha LOG, Dias FCR, Araújo LDS, Guimarães SEF, Oliveira LLD, Machado-Neves M. Prepubertal exposure to arsenic alters male reproductive parameters in pubertal and adult rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 409:115304. [PMID: 33127376 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic induces reproductive disorders in pubertal males after prepubertal exposure. However, it is unclear the extent to which those effects remain in testis and epididymis of sexually mature rats after arsenic insult. This study evaluated the effects of prepubertal arsenic exposure in male organs of pubertal rats, and their reversibility in adult rats. Male pups of Wistar rats on postnatal day (PND) 21 were divided into two groups (n = 20/group): Control animals received filtered water and exposed rats received 10 mg L--1 arsenic from PND 21 to PND 51. At PND 52, testis and epididymis of ten animals per group were examined for toxic effects under morphological, functional, and molecular approaches. The other animals were kept alive under free arsenic conditions until PND 82, and further analyzed for the same parameters. Pubertal rats overexpressed mRNA levels of SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GSTK1, and MT1 in their testis and SOD1, CAT, and GSTK1 in their epididymis. In those organs, catalase activity was altered, generating byproducts of oxidative stress. The antioxidant gene expression was unchanged in adult rats in contrast to the altered activity of antioxidant enzymes. Histological alterations of testis and epididymis tissues were observed in pubertal and adult rats. Interestingly, only adult rats exhibited a remarkable decrease in serum testosterone levels. Prepubertal exposure to arsenic caused morphological and functional alterations in male reproductive organs of pubertal rats. In adult rats, these damages disappeared, remained, get worsened, or recovered depending on the parameter analyzed, indicating potential male fertility disorders during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Couto-Santos
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Ferreira Souza
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Animal Biology, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariana Machado-Neves
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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33
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Toxicity in Goats Exposed to Arsenic in the Region Lagunera, Northern Mexico. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7020059. [PMID: 32375384 PMCID: PMC7357139 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Region Lagunera, a region in northeast Mexico, is undergoing significant problems with the quality of its groundwater, which exceeds the permissible limits of contaminants and/or heavy metals stipulated in Mexican legislation. The present study evaluated chronic toxicity in male goats exposed to arsenic via one ex situ Group 1 (n = 5) and one in situ female goats Group 3 (n = 10). The treatment in Group 1 was carried out in the La Laguna experimental field of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), located in Matamoros, Coahuila, Mexico. Sodium arsenite (2 mg/kg) was orally administered for 84 days to five male Creole goats, aged between four and five years old and weighing between 60 and 70 kg, in order to determine its effect on urine toxicity, libido, and physiological condition, an untreated group (n = 5) was included (Group 2). The experiment in group 3 was conducted on ten female Creole goats, aged between four and six years old and weighing between 40 and 49 kg, in both the contaminated sampling area in the rural community of El Venado and the control sampling area in the rural community of Nuevo Reynosa (Group 4 (n = 5)), in which the arsenic levels were measured in the urine of the exposed goats, as was their physiological condition. Significant differences (p < 0.01) between the groups were found in both the arsenic concentration in the urine and the physiological condition observed in both experimental groups.
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Meng P, Zhang S, Jiang X, Cheng S, Zhang J, Cao X, Qin X, Zou Z, Chen C. Arsenite induces testicular oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro leading to ferroptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110360. [PMID: 32151864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of cell death characterized by accumulation of intracellular iron and requirement of lipid peroxidation. However, whether arsenite triggers testicular cell death via ferroptosis remains unclear. In this study, after administrating of adult male mice with 0.5, 5 and 50 mg/L arsenite for six months via drinking water, the results showed that arsenite caused the pathological changes in mouse testis and significantly reduced the number of sperm. Mitochondrial injuries were observed as the major ultrastructural damages induced by arsenite, and these damages were accompanied by the apparent mitochondrial oxidative damage in the testis, manifested by accumulation of iron, production of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation products. We also demonstrated that arsenite significantly activated ferroptosis-related signal pathways in the mouse testis. To further verify the results obtained in the animal model, GC-2spd cells were employed as the in vitro culture system. Consistently, the results revealed arsenite remarkably triggered the ferroptotic cell death in vitro, and inhibition of ferroptosis by ferrostatin-1 could attenuate this adverse effect in cells. These findings together indicate that arsenite can trigger oxidative stress thus leading to testicular cell death by ferroptosis, suggesting that inhibition of ferroptosis would be a potential strategy for treatment of arsenite-related male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Meng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqing Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China; Dongsheng Lung-Brain Diseases Joint Lab, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China; Dongsheng Lung-Brain Diseases Joint Lab, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Ommati MM, Heidari R, Manthari RK, Tikka Chiranjeevi S, Niu R, Sun Z, Sabouri S, Zamiri MJ, Zaker L, Yuan J, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang J. Paternal exposure to arsenic resulted in oxidative stress, autophagy, and mitochondrial impairments in the HPG axis of pubertal male offspring. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124325. [PMID: 31326754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the knowledge of AS-induced reprotoxicity, the literature concerning arsenic trioxide (As2O3)-induced oxidative stress and consequent intracellular events, like autophagy process, in the hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal (HPG) axis of F1- pubertal male mice is sparse to date. Hence, we made an attempt to study the reproductive toxicities and the underlying mechanisms induced by As2O3 in the HPG axis of pubertal F1- male mice in correlation with oxidative stress-induced autophagy. Parental mice were challenged with As2O3 (0, 0.2, 2, and 20 ppm) from five weeks before mating, and continued till puberty age for the male pups. It was recorded that higher As2O3 doses (2 and 20 ppm) were a potent inducer of oxidative stress and autophagy in the HPG axis. Concomitant with a decrease on mean body weight, total antioxidant capacity, and stereology indices, an increase in the number of MDC-labeled autophagic vacuoles, and MDA/GSH ratio in HPG axis of pubertal F1- male mice which were exposed to higher As2O3 doses was observed. Meanwhile, concomitant with a dose-dependent increment in the gene expression of ATG3, ATG5, Beclin, as well as protein expression of P62, ATG12, and Beclin in HPG axis tissues; a dose-dependent decrease in PI3K and mTOR gene expression was recorded in the HPG tissues of pubertal F1-males. Altogether, our observations suggest that higher doses of As2O3 have detrimental effects on the functionality of HPG axis in pubertal male mice offspring by increasing MDA/GSH ratio and autophagic cell death-related genes and proteins, as well as by reducing total antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ommati
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - R Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 158371345, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R K Manthari
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - S Tikka Chiranjeevi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - R Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Z Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - S Sabouri
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - M J Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 71441-65186, Shiraz, Iran
| | - L Zaker
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J Yuan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - J Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - J Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - J Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
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Adedara IA, Adebowale AA, Atanda OE, Fabunmi AT, Ayenitaju AC, Rocha JBT, Farombi EO. Selenium abates reproductive dysfunction via attenuation of biometal accumulation, oxido-inflammatory stress and caspase-3 activation in male rats exposed to arsenic. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113079. [PMID: 31473390 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Frequent exposure to arsenic is well documented to impair reproductive function in humans and animals. Biological significance of inorganic selenium and organoselenium, diphenyl diselenide (DPDS), has been attributed to their pharmacological activities. However, their roles in arsenic-mediated reproductive toxicity is lacking in literature. The present study evaluated the protective effects elicited by selenium and DPDS in arsenic-induced reproductive deficits in rats. Animals were either exposed to arsenic alone in drinking water at 60 μg AsO2Na L-1 or co-treated with selenium at 0.25 mg kg-1 or DPDS at 2.5 mg kg-1 body weight for 45 consecutive days. Results indicated that arsenic-mediated deficits in spermatogenic indices and marker enzymes of testicular function were significantly abrogated in rats co-treated with selenium or DPDS. Additionally, selenium or DPDS co-treatment prevented arsenic-mediated elevation in oxidative stress indices and significantly suppressed arsenic-mediated inflammation evidenced by diminished myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta levels in hypothalamus, testes and epididymis of the rats. Moreover, selenium or DPDS abrogated arsenic mediated activation of caspase-3 activity and histological lesions in the treated rats. Taken together, selenium or DPDS improved reproductive function in arsenic-exposed rats via suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress and caspase-3 activation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adetutu A Adebowale
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwadarasimi E Atanda
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adekola T Fabunmi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Afolashade C Ayenitaju
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joao B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Souza ACF, Bastos DSS, Sertorio MN, Santos FC, Ervilha LOG, de Oliveira LL, Machado-Neves M. Combined effects of arsenic exposure and diabetes on male reproductive functions. Andrology 2019; 7:730-740. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. C. F. Souza
- Department of General Biology; Federal University of Viçosa; Viçosa Minas Gerais Brazil
- Department of Animal Science; Federal University of Viçosa; Viçosa Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - D. S. S. Bastos
- Department of General Biology; Federal University of Viçosa; Viçosa Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - M. N. Sertorio
- Department of General Biology; Federal University of Viçosa; Viçosa Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - F. C. Santos
- Department of General Biology; Federal University of Viçosa; Viçosa Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - L. O. G. Ervilha
- Department of General Biology; Federal University of Viçosa; Viçosa Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - L. L. de Oliveira
- Department of General Biology; Federal University of Viçosa; Viçosa Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - M. Machado-Neves
- Department of General Biology; Federal University of Viçosa; Viçosa Minas Gerais Brazil
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da Cunha de Medeiros P, Samelo RR, Silva APG, da Silva Araujo Santiago M, Duarte FA, de Castro ÍB, Perobelli JE. Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:83-91. [PMID: 30291770 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, juvenile toxicity of inorganic arsenic (As) was investigated in male rats, focusing on reproductive effects. As is a metalloid naturally occurring in the environment, being the inorganic forms the most toxics. Contaminated drinking water and agricultural products are the main prospectors of intoxication for general population. In the present study, Wistar male rats (21 days old) were distributed into three groups (n = 10/group): control (received vehicle-filtered drinking water), As1 (received AsNaO2 at 0.01 mg L-1 ) and As2 (received AsNaO2 at 10 mg L-1 ). The animals were euthanized on PND 53. Testicular damages increased in As1 and As2 compared to control (ie, presence of vacuolization, acidophilic cells, and epithelium degeneration). Testicular interstitium of As1 and As2 presented fluid's increase and intense inflammatory infiltration. In the epididymis there was reduction of sperm amount in the lumen, besides epithelium areas presenting cribriform aspect in As1 and As2, exfoliation of cells in the light (in As1) and vacuoles (in As2). In epididymis interstitium, inflammatory infiltrates were observed in initial segment of As1 and As2. AsNaO2 changed immunolabeling pattern for androgen receptor in epididymis of As2, although serum testosterone levels was statistically comparable to control. Mass spectrometry revealed higher As concentrations in testis and epididymis of As2 compared to As1 and Control. These results indicate compromise of spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in AsNaO2 -treated animals, possibly impairing sperm quality and fertility in long-term, even at low levels of exposure. Investigations about the reversibility of reproductive damages are necessary to better understand the mechanisms of As reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma da Cunha de Medeiros
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Rodrigues Samelo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Priscila Gomes Silva
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcella da Silva Araujo Santiago
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Andrei Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga de Castro
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Elaine Perobelli
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mehrzadi S, Bahrami N, Mehrabani M, Motevalian M, Mansouri E, Goudarzi M. Ellagic acid: A promising protective remedy against testicular toxicity induced by arsenic. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1464-1472. [PMID: 29864931 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic, an inducer of oxidative stress, is one of the major causes of male infertility. Therefore, the present study investigated the protective role of Ellagic acid (EA), as a natural antioxidant, against testicular toxicity evoked by arsenic. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into 5 treatment groups. Group 1 served as control, group 2 were orally exposed to sodium arsenite (SA, 10 mg/kg; 21 days), groups 3 and 4 were initially exposed to SA for 7 days and then were treated with both EA (10 and 30 mg/kg) and SA up to 21 days, and group 5 was treated with EA for 14 days. After this period, biochemical and histopathological parameters were evaluated in serum samples and testicular tissue. SA markedly reduced levels of serum testosterone, total antioxidant capacity, reduced glutathione as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, SA enhanced levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and nitric oxide in testes. Treatment with EA was found to reduce testicular arsenic accumulation and oxidative stress parameters. In addition, EA improved the serum testosterone level, testicular antioxidant markers and histological parameters after exposure to SA. EA may emerge as a promising therapeutic option to protect testes from arsenic-induced toxicity through reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nosrat Bahrami
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Lima GDDA, Sertorio MN, Souza ACF, Menezes TP, Mouro VGS, Gonçalves NM, Oliveira JMD, Henry M, Machado-Neves M. Fertility in male rats: Disentangling adverse effects of arsenic compounds. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 78:130-140. [PMID: 29702248 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic impairs male reproductive functions. However, it is not clear whether different arsenic compounds similarly affect fertility. In this study, we compared the impact of sodium arsenite and arsenate on sperm quality and fertility. After 56 d exposure, male Wistar rats were mated and pregnant females were evaluated by fertility indexes. Clearly, exposure to 10 mg/L arsenite reduced daily sperm production via H2O2 overproduction and germ cells loss. Animals from this group also showed a decrease in epididymal sperm counts and percentage of sperm with intact membranes. Moreover, they presented low fertility potential and high preimplantation loss. In contrast, 10 mg/L arsenate caused oxidative stress in testis, mineral imbalance in epididymis, and sperm membranes damage, with no effects on fertility. Both arsenic compounds at 0.01 mg/L altered reproductive parameters. We concluded that arsenite is more harmful than arsenate to sperm quality and male fertility, with negative influences in early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Cláudia Ferreira Souza
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Prata Menezes
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Nayara Magalhães Gonçalves
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jerusa Maria de Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marc Henry
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mariana Machado-Neves
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Dash M, Maity M, Dey A, Perveen H, Khatun S, Jana L, Chattopadhyay S. The consequence of NAC on sodium arsenite-induced uterine oxidative stress. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:278-287. [PMID: 29511641 PMCID: PMC5835492 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic consumption through drinking water is a worldwide major health problem. Management of arsenic intoxication with invasive, painful therapy using metal chelators is usually used as a conventional treatment strategy in human. In this present study, we examined the efficacy of oral administration of N-acetyl l-cysteine (NAC) in limiting arsenic-mediated female reproductive disorders and oxidative stress in female Wistar rats. The treatment was continued for 8 days (2 estrus cycles) on rats with sodium arsenite (10 mg/Kg body weight) orally. We examined the electrozymographic imprint of three different enzymatic antioxidants in uterine tissue. Rats fed with sodium arsenite exhibited a significant lessening in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Uterine DNA breakage, necrosis, ovarian and uterine tissue damage, disruption in steroidogenesis were also found in arsenic treated rats. Co-administration of NAC at different doses (50 mg/kg body weight, 100 mg/kg body weight, respectively) significantly reversed the action of uterine oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde (MDA), conjugated dienes (CD) and non protein soluble thiol (NPSH); and noticeably improved antioxidant status of the arsenic fed rats. This ultimately resulted in the uterine tissue repairing followed by improvement of ovarian steroidogenesis. However, this effective function of NAC might be crucial for the restoration of arsenic-induced female reproductive organ damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Dash
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Moulima Maity
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Arindam Dey
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Hasina Perveen
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Shamima Khatun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Lipirani Jana
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Sandip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
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Alizadeh F, Javadi M, Karami AA, Gholaminejad F, Kavianpour M, Haghighian HK. Curcumin nanomicelle improves semen parameters, oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, and reproductive hormones in infertile men: A randomized clinical trial. Phytother Res 2017; 32:514-521. [PMID: 29193350 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
At least 50% of infertile couple's problems are related to male factor infertility. This Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial conducted in Urology unit of Infertility Clinic on 60 infertile men. Patients were randomly assigned to one of intervention and placebo (n = 30) groups. Finally, 28 subjects in each group completed the study. Participants in the intervention group took daily 80 mg curcumin nanomicelle and those in the placebo group took daily placebo for 10 weeks. Semen analysis, anthropometric, physical activity assessments, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, inflammatory factors, and reproductive hormones were measured at the baseline and at the end of the study. At the end of study, statistically significant differences were seen in the total sperm count, sperm concentration, and motility in the intervention group to the control group. In treatment group, the total sperm count, sperm concentration, and motility levels were also statistically increased at the end of study compared to the baseline values. Curcumin nanomicelle supplementation also resulted in a statistically significant improvement in plasma levels of total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor a in comparison to the placebo. Medical therapy of asthenoteratospermia with curcumin nanomicelle supplement could improve quality of semen parameters. However, further investigation is suggested in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Alizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Maryam Javadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Karami
- Department of Urology, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Gholaminejad
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Maria Kavianpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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43
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Dani SU, Walter GF. Chronic arsenic intoxication diagnostic score (CAsIDS). J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:122-144. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ulhoa Dani
- Medawar Institute for Medical and Environmental Research; Acangau Foundation; Paracatu MG Brazil
- Department of General Internal Medicine; St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital; Switzerland
- PizolCare Praxis Wartau; Trübbach Switzerland
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