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Uyar A, Cellat M, Kanat Ö, Etyemez M, Kutlu T, Deveci MZY, Yavaş İ, Kuzu M. Bisphenol AF Caused Reproductive Toxicity in Rats and Cineole Co-Treatment Exhibited Protective Effect. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:3462-3474. [PMID: 39160422 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol AF (BPAF) is increasingly used and now found in products intended for human consumption. The protective effect of 1,8-cineole (CIN) against BPAF-induced reproductive toxicity was investigated. Four groups were created, with each group consisting of eight rats: control, BPAF (200 mg/kg), CIN (200 mg/kg), and BPAF + CIN groups. The results demonstrated that the BPAF group exhibited a decline in testosterone levels and a decrease in sperm parameters compared with the control. Additionally, higher levels of MDA were observed, along with lower levels of GSH and GPx activity. CAT activity also decreased slightly. Tnf-α, Nf-κB levels were significantly higher, and caspase-3 expression was elevated, while PCNA expression decreased. BPAF significantly increased tissue degeneration compared with the control. However, the BPAF + CIN group showed statistically significant improvements in sperm parameters, except for concentration. They also exhibited an increase in testosterone levels and an improvement in MDA and GSH levels compared with the BPAF group. However, GPx activity partially enhanced. Tnf-α and Nf-κB levels were significantly reduced, and caspase-3 levels declined while PCNA and Bcl-2 levels increased. The Johnsen Testicular Biopsy score showed a substantial increase. Overall, these results suggest that CIN co-treatment in rats enhanced reproductive health and exhibited antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties against BPAF-induced testicular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Uyar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31060, Hatay, Türkiye.
| | - Mustafa Cellat
- Department of Physiology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Türkiye
| | - Özgür Kanat
- Department of Pathology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Muhammed Etyemez
- Department of Physiology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Türkiye
| | - Tuncer Kutlu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31060, Hatay, Türkiye
| | | | - İlker Yavaş
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Türkiye
| | - Müslüm Kuzu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Türkiye
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Ju S, Tan Y, Wang Q, Zhou L, Wang K, Wen C, Wang M. Antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects of esculin and esculetin (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:248. [PMID: 38682114 PMCID: PMC11046185 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fraxinus chinensis Roxb is a deciduous tree, which is distributed worldwide and has important medicinal value. In Asia, the bark of Fraxinus chinensis Roxb is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine called Qinpi. Esculetin is a coumarin compound derived from the bark of Fraxinus chinensis Roxb and its glycoside form is called esculin. The aim of the present study was to systematically review relevant literature on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of esculetin and esculin. Esculetin and esculin can promote the expression of various endogenous antioxidant proteins, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. This is associated with the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway. The anti-inflammatory effects of esculetin and esculin are associated with the inhibition of the nuclear factor κ-B and mitogen-activated protein kinase inflammatory signaling pathways. In various inflammatory models, esculetin and esculin can reduce the expression levels of various proinflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, thereby inhibiting the development of inflammation. In summary, esculetin and esculin may be promising candidates for the treatment of numerous diseases associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, such as ulcerative colitis, acute lung and kidney injury, lung cancer, acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Ju
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Sport Hospital, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Youli Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Sport Hospital, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Sport Hospital, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Sport Hospital, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Sport Hospital, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chenghong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Sport Hospital, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Mingjian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Sport Hospital, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Abo El-Ela FI, Gamal A, El-Banna HA, Ibrahim MA, El-Banna AH, Abdel-Razik ARH, Abdel-Wahab A, Hassan WH, Abdelghany AK. Repro-protective activity of amygdalin and spirulina platensis in niosomes and conventional forms against aluminum chloride-induced testicular challenge in adult rats: role of CYP11A1, StAR, and HSD-3B expressions. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3211-3226. [PMID: 37910183 PMCID: PMC11074051 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The male reproductive system is negatively influenced by Al exposure. Al represented a considerable hazard to men's reproduction capabilities. Amygdalin (AMG) and spirulina platensis (SP) have been considered to have a strong antioxidant and repro-protective activity; also, targeted drug delivery systems called niosomes improve the distribution of water-soluble medications like amygdalin and spirulina. Current study targeted to determine the effectiveness of AMG and SP against negative reproductive impact resulted by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) toxicity. Sixty adult male albino rats were separated into 6 groups, including the control group, which received distilled water; AlCl3 group, which received AlCl3; AMG+AlCl3 group, which received AlCl3+AMG; AMGLN+AlCl3 group, which received AlCl3+amygdalin-loaded niosomes; SP+AlCl3 group, which received AlCl3+SP; and SPLN+AlCl3 group, which received AlCl3+spirulina-loaded niosomes. All treatments were orally gavaged daily for 5 weeks, and rats were weighed weekly. At the termination of the experiment, some males (three from each group) were used for fertility traits via mating thirty virgin rat females (in a ratio of 1:2 and 2:3 male:female, respectively) followed by recording of birth weights and litter size (number of pups per each female) at birth to assess males' reproductive capability. Other males were euthanized for collection of serum, epididymal semen samples, and tissue samples for biochemical, sperm evaluation, gene expression, and histopathological measurements. There are a considerable number of negative impacts of AlCl3 on male fertility clarified by declined serum testosterone levels; an increased oxidative stress (MDA, TAC); deteriorated semen quality; down-regulation of CYP11A1, StAR, and HSD-3b gene expressions; and testicular tissue degenerative changes. In addition, litter size (number of pups per each female) and birth weights of pups obtained from mated females were affected. AMG and SP treatments, either in niosomal or conventional form, alleviated the AlCl3 negative effects by reducing oxidative stress; increasing testosterone levels; improving semen quality; upregulating of CYP11A1, StAR, and HSD-3b gene expressions; and reducing degenerative changes of testicular tissue. Besides, negative reproductive effect was diminished as observed by changes in the litter size (number of pups per each female) and birth weights of pups obtained from mated females. AMG and SP treatments (either in niosomal or conventional form), ameliorated the AlCl3 negative effects as they possess powerful antioxidant activity, as well as they have the ability to improve the reproductive activity of affected males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Amr Gamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H El-Banna
- Michael Sayegh Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, Jordan
| | - Abdel-Razik H Abdel-Razik
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Walid Hamdy Hassan
- Department of Microbiology Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa K Abdelghany
- Animal and Poultry Management and Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
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Çömez M, Cellat M, Kuzu M, Uyar A, Türk E, Kaya YS, Etyemez M, Gökçek İ, Güvenç M. The effect of tyrosol on diclofenac sodium-induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23582. [PMID: 37975510 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Although diclofenac (DCF) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is considered safe, its chronic use and overdose may show some toxic effects. The protective effect of tyrosol (Tyr) pretreatment against DCF-induced renal damage was investigated in this study. The 32 rats used in the study were randomly divided into four groups of eight rats each. According to the data obtained, it was determined that creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels increased in serum samples of the DCF group. Besides, the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity decreased and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased in the kidney tissue. However, no change was observed in catalase (CAT) activity. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf-α) levels increased and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) levels decreased. No change was detected in the level of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). When the DCF+Tyr group and the DCF group were compared, it was assessed that Tyr had a curative effect on all biochemical parameters. Also, kidney damages, such as degeneration and necrosis of tubular epithelium and congestion of veins, were obviated by treatment with tyrosol in histopathological examinations. It was determined that Tyr pretreatment provided a protective effect against nephrotoxicity induced by DCF with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Çömez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cellat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Müslüm Kuzu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Uyar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Erdinç Türk
- Department of Pharmocology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Selim Kaya
- Ministry of Health, Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Department of Urology, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Etyemez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Burdur, Turkey
| | - İshak Gökçek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Güvenç
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
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Güvenç M, Yüksel M, Kutlu T, Etyemez M, Gökçek İ, Cellat M. Protective effects of esculetin against ovary ischemia-reperfusion injury model in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23528. [PMID: 37661762 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Ovarian ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a phenomenon that necessitates urgent intervention, which occurs as a result of ovarian torsion, and it is frequently seen in young women. A large amount of free radical and oxidative damage as a result of I/R plays a role in the cause of the incident. Antioxidant agents are thought to be beneficial in preventing this damage, and the potential protective effects of esculetin, which had not been tested previously, were investigated in this study. STUDY DESIGN The rats in the study were divided into five groups at random: control, sham, esculetin, I/R, and treatment. Oxidative stress parameters, proinflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2)/nuclear factor-kβ (NF-κβ) pathway, and histopathological analyses were evaluated at the end of the study. KEY FINDINGS After I/R, malondialdehyde levels, proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels and NF-κβ expressions were increased, Nrf-2 expression and glutathione level decreased and the histopathologic picture deteriorated. However, as a result of the esculetin treatment, ameliorative effects in the aforementioned parameters were determined, and it was ensured that they returned to normal levels. CONCLUSION According to these findings, esculetin has protective effects on I/R damage by lowering lipid peroxidation and having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. SIGNIFICANCE Our results proved the protective effect of esculetin against ovarian IR injury in rats and this may be attributed to Nrf-2/NF-κβ axis which showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, esculetin can be used in the future for preventive effects to ovarian IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Güvenç
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Murat Yüksel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Tuncer Kutlu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Etyemez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - İshak Gökçek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cellat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
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Çomaklı V, Aygül İ, Sağlamtaş R, Kuzu M, Demirdağ R, Akincioğlu H, Adem Ş, Gülçin İ. Assessment of Anticholinergic and Antidiabetic Properties of Some Natural and Synthetic Molecules: An In vitro and In silico Approach. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2024; 20:441-451. [PMID: 37202895 DOI: 10.2174/1573409919666230518151414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine the in vitro and in silico effects of some natural and synthetic molecules on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and α-glucosidase enzymes. BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are considered the most important diseases of today's world. However, the side effects of therapeutic agents used in both diseases limit their use. Therefore, developing drugs with high therapeutic efficacy and better pharmacological profile is important. OBJECTIVES This study sets out to determine the related enzyme inhibitors used in treating AD and T2DM, considered amongst the most important diseases of today's world. METHODS In the current study, the in vitro and in silico effects of dienestrol, hesperetin, Lthyroxine, 3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) and dobutamine molecules on AChE, BChE and α - glycosidase enzyme activities were investigated. RESULTS All the molecules showed an inhibitory effect on the enzymes. The IC50 and Ki values of the L-Thyroxine molecule, which showed the strongest inhibition effect for the AChE enzyme, were determined as 1.71 μM and 0.83 ± 0.195 μM, respectively. In addition, dienestrol, T3, and dobutamine molecules showed a more substantial inhibition effect than tacrine. The dobutamine molecule showed the most substantial inhibition effect for the BChE enzyme, and IC50 and Ki values were determined as 1.83 μM and 0.845 ± 0.143 μM, respectively. The IC50 and Ki values for the hesperetin molecule, which showed the strongest inhibition for the α -glycosidase enzyme, were determined as 13.57 μM and 12.33 ± 2.57 μM, respectively. CONCLUSION According to the results obtained, the molecules used in the study may be considered potential inhibitor candidates for AChE, BChE and α-glycosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Çomaklı
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, İbrahim Çeçen University of Ağrı, Ağrı, Türkiye
| | - İmdat Aygül
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Türkiye
| | - Rüya Sağlamtaş
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, İbrahim Çeçen University of Ağrı, Ağrı, Türkiye
| | - Müslüm Kuzu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Karabük University, Karabük, Türkiye
| | - Ramazan Demirdağ
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, İbrahim Çeçen University of Ağrı, Ağrı, Türkiye
| | - Hülya Akincioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, İbrahim Çeçen University of Ağrı, Ağrı, Türkiye
| | - Şevki Adem
- Department of Chemistry, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Türkiye
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
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Uyar A, Cellat M, Kanat Ö, Etyemez M, Kutlu T, Deveci MYZ, Yavaş İ, Kuzu M. Carvacrol showed a curative effect on reproductive toxicity caused by Bisphenol AF via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 121:108456. [PMID: 37586593 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol AF (BPAF) is an endocrine disruptor, and human exposure to these chemicals is growing in industrialized nations. BPAF has been demonstrated in studies to have toxic effects on reproductive health. This study examined the effects of oral exposure to BPAF on the reproductive system and the protective effects of carvacrol in rats. From 32 Wistar albino rats, four separate groups were set up for this purpose. Carvacrol 75 mg/kg and BPAF 200 mg/kg were administered by oral gavage method. Rat sperm parameters and serum testosterone levels were measured after 28 days of administration. The study looked at the MDA in the testis tissues, as well as CAT, GPx, and GSH as antioxidants parameters, NF-κB and TNF-α as inflammatory markers, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 as apoptosis parameters, and PCNA as cell proliferation markers. In addition, testis tissues underwent histological evaluation. As a result, in rats exposed to only BPAF, sperm counts declined, testosterone levels reduced, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis increased, and cell proliferation decreased. Furthermore, severe disruptions in tissue architecture and decreased spermatogenesis were reported. In contrast, sperm parameters improved, testosterone levels increased, oxidative stress and inflammation decreased, and apoptosis was prevented in the carvacrol-treated group compared to the BPAF-only group. It was also found that spermatogenesis was maintained, and structural abnormalities in testicular tissue were mostly avoided with an increase in PCNA expression. According to the findings, despite BPAF-induced testicular and reproductive toxicity, carvacrol had therapeutic potential due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cell proliferation-increasing, and anti-apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Uyar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye.
| | - Mustafa Cellat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Özgür Kanat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkiye
| | - Muhammed Etyemez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Tuncer Kutlu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Mehmet Yılmaz Zeki Deveci
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - İlker Yavaş
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Müslüm Kuzu
- Karabuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Karabuk, Turkiye
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Huixin P, Guangji W, Yanxin H, Yanfang P, Huixiong Y, Xiong Z, Yu'an X, Wencheng C. Transcriptome-based analysis of the toxic effects of aluminum chloride exposure on spermatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 92:105658. [PMID: 37544489 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) exposure is pervasive in our daily lives. Numerous studies have demonstrated that exposure to AlCl3 can lead to male reproductive toxicity. However, the precise mechanism of action remains unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanism of aluminum-induced toxicity by analyzing the alterations in the global transcriptome gene profile of mouse spermatocytes (GC-2spd cells) exposed to AlCl3. GC-2spd cells were exposed to concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 4 mM AlCl3, and high-throughput mRNA-seq was performed to investigate the changes in the transcriptome after exposure to 4 mM AlCl3. Our findings indicate that exposure to AlCl3 led to an increase in oxidative stress, disrupted glutathione metabolism, reduced cell viability, and altered gene expression in mouse spermatocytes. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with various biological functions such as mitochondrial inner membrane, response to oxidative stress. Furthermore, these DEGs were found to be enriched in pathways including proteasome, glutathione metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and Hif-1 signaling pathway. Real-time PCR and western blot were employed to validate the expression alterations of pivotal genes, and the outcomes exhibited concordance with the mRNA-seq findings. This study provides a theoretical basis for revealing the potential mechanism of male reproductive toxicity caused by aluminum exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huixin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi,China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Guangji
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China; Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Baise, Baise 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Huang Yanxin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi,China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Pang Yanfang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi,China
| | - Yuan Huixiong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi,China
| | - Zou Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of reproductive health and birth defect prevention, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xie Yu'an
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of reproductive health and birth defect prevention, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China.
| | - Chen Wencheng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi,China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China.
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Falade AO, Adewole KE, Adekola ARO, Ikokoh HA, Okaiyeto K, Oguntibeju OO. Aqueous extract of bay leaf ( Laurus nobilis) ameliorates testicular toxicity induced by aluminum chloride in rats. Vet World 2022; 15:2525-2534. [PMID: 36590130 PMCID: PMC9798052 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2525-2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Human exposure to aluminum is inevitable, and one of the most adverse health effects of aluminum is a decrease in male fertility rates. Therefore, this study investigated the ameliorative effects of an aqueous extract from Laurus nobilis-bay leaf (BL) on aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Materials and Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6, each group): The control (group 1) received normal saline; Group 2 animals were intraperitoneally administered with 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) AlCl3; and Groups 3 and 4 were co-administered AlCl3 with 125 or 250 mg/kg BW of BL extract, respectively, for 21 days. Testes, epididymis, and blood samples were collected. Testicular plasma enzyme activity was measured using a spectrophotometric assay, while concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in testicular enzyme activity in the group treated with AlCl3. However, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in testicular enzyme activity in groups co-administered AlCl3 and BL extract as compared with that in control. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in testicular nitrite concentration in the AlCl3-treated group, whereas the administration of BL extract significantly (p < 0.05) decreased nitrite concentration in Groups 3 and 4. Furthermore, the administration of BL extracts increased sperm count and improved the morphology of the testes in AlCl3-treated rats. Flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, tannin, glycosides, saponin, anthraquinones, and steroids were identified in BL extract, with alkaloids and glycosides being the most abundant. Conclusion Aqueous extract from BL ameliorated the toxic effect of AlCl3 and exhibited anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting nitrite production while improving sperm count and morphology in AlCl3-treated rats. The bioactivity of the extract may be attributed to the presence of a wide range of phytochemicals. Therefore, BL aqueous extract could be a promising source of novel compounds with male fertility-promoting and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji O. Falade
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo 351101, Ondo State, Nigeria,Corresponding author: Ayodeji O. Falade, e-mail: Co-authors: KEA: , AOA: , HAI: , KO: , OOO:
| | - Kayode E. Adewole
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo 351101, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Abdul-Rahman O. Adekola
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo 351101, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Hilary A. Ikokoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo 351101, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Kunle Okaiyeto
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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10
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Turkez H, Yıldırım S, Sahin E, Arslan ME, Emsen B, Tozlu OO, Alak G, Ucar A, Tatar A, Hacimuftuoglu A, Keles MS, Geyikoglu F, Atamanalp M, Saruhan F, Mardinoglu A. Boron Compounds Exhibit Protective Effects against Aluminum-Induced Neurotoxicity and Genotoxicity: In Vitro and In Vivo Study. TOXICS 2022; 10:428. [PMID: 36006107 PMCID: PMC9413983 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetic, neuropathological and biochemical investigations have revealed meaningful relationships between aluminum (Al) exposure and neurotoxic and hematotoxic damage. Hence, intensive efforts are being made to minimize the harmful effects of Al. Moreover, boron compounds are used in a broad mix of industries, from cosmetics and pharmaceuticals to agriculture. They affect critical biological functions in cellular events and enzymatic reactions, as well as endocrinal and mineral metabolisms. There are limited dose-related data about boric acid (BA) and other boron compounds, including colemanite (Col), ulexite (UX) and borax (BX), which have commercial prominence. In this study, we evaluate boron compounds' genetic, cytological, biochemical and pathological effects against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced hematotoxicity and neurotoxicity on different cell and animal model systems. First, we perform genotoxicity studies on in vivo rat bone marrow cells and peripheric human blood cultures. To analyze DNA and chromosome damage, we use single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE or comet assay) and micronucleus (MN) and chromosome aberration (CA) assays. The nuclear division index (NDI) is used to monitor cytostasis. Second, we examine the biochemical parameters (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS)) to determine oxidative changes in blood and brain. Next, we assess the histopathological alterations by using light and electron microscopes. Our results show that Al increases oxidative stress and genetic damage in blood and brain in vivo and in vitro studies. Al also led to severe histopathological and ultrastructural alterations in the brain. However, the boron compounds alone did not cause adverse changes based on the above-studied parameters. Moreover, these compounds exhibit different levels of beneficial effects by removing the harmful impact of Al. The antioxidant, antigenotoxic and cytoprotective effects of boron compounds against Al-induced damage indicate that boron may have a high potential for use in medical purposes in humans. In conclusion, our analysis suggests that boron compounds (especially BA, BX and UX) can be administered to subjects to prevent neurodegenerative and hematological disorders at determined doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Elvan Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, 54050 Sakarya, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey; (M.E.A.); (O.O.T.)
| | - Bugrahan Emsen
- Department of Biology, Kamil Özdağ Faculty of Science, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, 70200 Karaman, Turkey;
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir Tozlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey; (M.E.A.); (O.O.T.)
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (G.A.); (A.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Arzu Ucar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (G.A.); (A.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Abdulgani Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (A.H.); (F.S.)
| | - Mevlut Sait Keles
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Uskudar University, 34664 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (G.A.); (A.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Fatih Saruhan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (A.H.); (F.S.)
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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11
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Cetinkaya-Un B, Un B, Akpolat M, Andic F, Yazir Y. Human Amnion Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Conditioned Medium Can Ameliorate X-Irradiation-Induced Testicular Injury by Reducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:944-954. [PMID: 34642916 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Today, infertility affects 15% of couples and half of this rate is due to reproductive problems in men. Radiation-induced damage to the testicles causes sterility depending on the dose. Radiation causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ER stress induces apoptosis. In this study, the effect of human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) and conditioned medium (hAMSCs-CM) on testicular damage induced by ionizing radiation is aimed to be elucidated through ER stress and apoptosis mechanisms. Six gray scrotal irradiation was used to create a testicular injury model. hAMSCs isolated and characterized with immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, while 2.5 × 105 hAMSCs were transplanted into testis and hAMSCs-CM was applied. Fertility assessment was performed. Expressions of ER stress markers GRP78, Ire1, Chop and Caspase-12, and Caspase-3 were determined. TUNEL was performed. Serum FSH, LH, and testosterone were measured. After hAMSC transplantation and administration of hAMSCs-CM, offsprings were obtained. Seminiferous tubule diameter and seminiferous epithelial height increased. The expression of GRP78, IRE1α, CHOP, Caspase-12, and Caspase-3 decreased. Percentages of tunel positive cells decreased. While FSH and LH levels decreased, testosterone increased. After irradiation, both hAMSCs transplantation and paracrine activity of hAMSCs may have a role in reducing ER stress by suppressing the UPR response. Decrease in FSH and LH and increase in testosterone level after MSCs transplantation may have contributed to the improvement of spermatogenesis. Thus, it can be said that MSCs derived from human amniotic membrane can improve ionized radiation-induced testicular damage by reducing ER stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Cetinkaya-Un
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medicine Faculty, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - Burak Un
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Health Sciences Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Meryem Akpolat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medicine Faculty, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Fundagul Andic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medicine Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yusufhan Yazir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medicine Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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12
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Boudreau A, Richard AJ, Harvey I, Stephens JM. Artemisia scoparia and Metabolic Health: Untapped Potential of an Ancient Remedy for Modern Use. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:727061. [PMID: 35211087 PMCID: PMC8861327 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.727061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanicals have a long history of medicinal use for a multitude of ailments, and many modern pharmaceuticals were originally isolated from plants or derived from phytochemicals. Among these, artemisinin, first isolated from Artemisia annua, is the foundation for standard anti-malarial therapies. Plants of the genus Artemisia are among the most common herbal remedies across Asia and Central Europe. The species Artemisia scoparia (SCOPA) is widely used in traditional folk medicine for various liver diseases and inflammatory conditions, as well as for infections, fever, pain, cancer, and diabetes. Modern in vivo and in vitro studies have now investigated SCOPA's effects on these pathologies and its ability to mitigate hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, obesity, diabetes, and other disease states. This review focuses on the effects of SCOPA that are particularly relevant to metabolic health. Indeed, in recent years, an ethanolic extract of SCOPA has been shown to enhance differentiation of cultured adipocytes and to share some properties of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of insulin-sensitizing agonists of the adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ. In a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, SCOPA diet supplementation lowered fasting insulin and glucose levels, while inducing metabolically favorable changes in adipose tissue and liver. These observations are consistent with many lines of evidence from various tissues and cell types known to contribute to metabolic homeostasis, including immune cells, hepatocytes, and pancreatic beta-cells. Compounds belonging to several classes of phytochemicals have been implicated in these effects, and we provide an overview of these bioactives. The ongoing global epidemics of obesity and metabolic disease clearly require novel therapeutic approaches. While the mechanisms involved in SCOPA's effects on metabolic, anti-inflammatory, and oxidative stress pathways are not fully characterized, current data support further investigation of this plant and its bioactives as potential therapeutic agents in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and many other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Boudreau
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Allison J. Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Innocence Harvey
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jacqueline M. Stephens,
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