Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG) is associated with erectile dysfunction: A cross-sectional study

Association between the C-reactive protein-triglyceride glucose index and erectile dysfunction in US males: results from NHANES 2001-2004

The C-reactive protein-triglyceride glucose index (CTI) is emerging as a novel indicator for comprehensively assessing the severity of both inflammation and insulin resistance. However, the association between CTI and erectile dysfunction (ED) remains largely unexplored. Participant data for this study were sourced from NHANES 2001-2004, with exclusion criteria applied to those lacking information on clinical variables. The CTI was defined as 0.412*Ln (CRP) + ln [T.G. (mg/dL) × FPG (mg/dL)/2]. Weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to examine the correlation between the CTI and ED, assessing the CTI as both a continuous and categorical variable (quartile). Moreover, subgroup analyses were conducted to pinpoint sensitive populations, and interaction analysis was performed to validate the findings. A total of 1502 participants were included in the final analysis, encompassing 302 with ED and 1200 without ED. After adjusting for potential confounders, the CTI was positively associated with ED incidence (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.27-1.90, P = 0.002). The fourth quartile of the CTI significantly increased the incidence of ED (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.07-6.74, P = 0.04), and the lowest quartile of CTI was used as the reference. The dose-response curve revealed a positive linear relationship between the CTI and the incidence of ED. Subgroup analysis confirmed the consistent positive relationship between the CTI and ED. The interaction test indicated no significant impact on this association. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the significant positive correlation between the CTI and severe ED (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.19-1.76, P = 0.004). Our national data indicate that a greater CTI is positively linked to an increased risk of ED in US men, suggesting its potential for use in clinical practice for ED prevention or early intervention. Additional large-scale prospective studies are warranted to substantiate the causative relationship between CTI and ED.

The indicative effects of apolipoproteins on organic erectile dysfunction: bridging Mendelian randomization and case-control study

The existing research on the association between apolipoproteins (Apos) and erectile dysfunction (ED) primarily relies on observational studies and does not distinguish between organic and psychogenic causes when diagnosing ED. It is difficult to believe that Apos play a role in psychogenic ED. To address these issues, our study explored the causal relationship between lipoproteins and ED using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and differentiate between organic and psychogenic ED through the use of nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR) monitoring. Multivariate MR analysis revealed significant causal associations between high-density lipoprotein (HDL), Apo A1, and Apo B/A1 with ED (OR and 95% CI were 0.33 (0.14-0.78), 3.58 (1.52-8.43), and 0.30 (0.13-0.66)). we conducted statistical and analytical analyses on the data of 212 patients using multivariate analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Patients with organic ED had significantly lower levels of HDL, Apo A1 and Apo A1/B, whereas patients with organic ED had considerably higher levels of Apo B and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The diagnostic value of Apos in predicting the risk of organic ED was evaluated using ROC curves. The results indicated that Apo A1 and Apo A1/B demonstrated good predictive value. HDL, Apo A1, and Apo A1/B have been identified as risk factors for ED in our study. Furthermore, our research highlights the significance of Apo A1 and Apo A1/Apo B in the development of organic ED and suggests their potential use as indicators to assess the risks associated with organic ED.

Which is better to predict erectile dysfunction and male sexual function in the context of metabolic syndrome: triglyceride-glucose index or visceral adiposity index?: a retrospective cross-sectional study

PURPOSE

Many factors influence male sexual function, including metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to investigate the effects of two metabolic indices, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the visceral adiposity index (VAI), on male sexual function.

METHODS

A total of 400 men having sexual dysfunction were included. Anthropological data, comorbidities were recorded. Serum total testosterone, prolactin, and estradiol levels were recorded. Sex-specific VAI was calculated using the [(WC/39.68) + (1.88xMI)] × (TG/1.03) × (1.31/HDL) formula and using Ln (fasting triglycerides) × (fasting glucose)/2] formula, TyG index was calculated. Turkish-validated 15-item long-form of the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF) questionnaire and male sexual health questionnaire (MSHQ) were used for erectile function and ejaculatory function, respectively. The ROC analysis was used to evaluate the predictive abilities of TyG and VAI cut-off values for ED risk.

RESULTS

A higher TyG index and VAI were associated with an increased risk of ED. The presence of MetS further worsened sexual function, with lower scores in sexual satisfaction, orgasm, desire, and general satisfaction. The TyG index and VAI showed similar predictive abilities for ED. Patients with MetS had worse ejaculation quality compared to those without MetS.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings highlight the potential of the TyG index and VAI as convenient tools for predicting and assessing sexual dysfunction in men, particularly in the context of metabolic disorders. Early detection and intervention for metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance may help to mitigate their negative impact on male sexual function.

Insights into modifiable risk factors of erectile dysfunction, a wide-angled Mendelian Randomization study

INTRODUCTION

The causal association between modifiable risk factors and erectile dysfunction (ED) remains unclear, which hinders the early identification and intervention of patients with ED. The present study aimed to clarify the causal association between 42 predominant risk factors and ED.

METHODS

Univariate Mendelian Randomization (MR), multivariate MR, and mediation MR analyses were used to investigate the causal association between 42 modifiable risk factors and ED. Combined results were pooled from two independent ED genome-wide association studies to verify the findings.

RESULTS

Genetically predicted body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, trunk fat mass, whole body fat mass, poor overall health rating, type 2 diabetes, basal metabolic rate, adiponectin, cigarette consumption, insomnia, snoring, hypertension, stroke, ischemic stroke, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and major depressive disorder were found to increase the risk of ED (all P < 0.05). Additionally, genetic liability to higher body fat percentage and alcohol consumption were suggestively associated with an increased risk of ED (P < 0.05 and adjusted P > 0.05). Genetic predisposition to higher sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels could decrease the risk of ED (P < 0.05). No significant association was detected between lipid levels and ED. Multivariate MR identified type 2 diabetes, basal metabolic rate, cigarette consumption, hypertension, and coronary heart disease as risk factors for ED. The combined results confirmed that waist circumference, whole body fat mass, poor overall health rating, type 2 diabetes, basal metabolic rate, adiponectin, cigarette consumption, snoring, hypertension, ischemic stroke, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and major depressive disorder could increase the risk of ED (all P < 0.05), while higher SHBG decreased the risk of ED (P = 0.004). There were suggestive significances of BMI, insomnia, and stroke on ED (P < 0.05 and adjusted P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

This comprehensive MR study supported the causal role of obesity, type 2 diabetes, basal metabolic rate, poor self-health rating, cigarette and alcohol consumption, insomnia and snoring, depression, hypertension, stroke, ischemic stroke, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, SHBG, and adiponectin in the onset and development of ED.

Association between higher triglyceride glucose index and increased risk of osteoarthritis: data from NHANES 2015-2020

BACKGROUND

The relationship between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to examine potential associations between an elevated TyG index and an increased risk of OA prevalence.

METHODS

3,921 participants with OA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2020) were included in this study. Participants were categorized into quartiles based on TyG index, which was determined using the formula: Ln [triglyceride (mg/dL) fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Weighted multivariable regression, subgroup analyses, and threshold effect analyses were performed to calculate the independent association between TyG index and OA.

RESULTS

A total of 25,514 people were enrolled, with a mean TyG index of 8.48 ± 0.65. The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis after full adjustment showed a significant association between higher TyG index values and an increased risk of OA. Specifically, each incremental unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 634% higher risk of OA [OR = 7.34; 95% CI: 2.25, 23.93; p = 0.0010]. Based on interaction tests, age, gender, BMI, and smoking status did not significantly affect the relationship between the TyG index and OA, while diabetes showed a stronger positive correlation between the TyG index and OA.

CONCLUSION

An increased risk of OA was associated with a higher TyG index. TyG could be a valuable predictor of OA and offer novel perspectives on the assessment and treatment of OA.

Association between triglyceride-glucose index and colorectal polyps: A retrospective cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Colorectal polyps (CPs) are frequently occurring abnormal growths in the colorectum, and are a primary precursor of colorectal cancer (CRC). The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a novel marker that assesses metabolic health and insulin resistance, and has been linked to gastrointestinal cancers.

AIM

To investigate the potential association between the TyG index and CPs, as the relation between them has not been documented.

METHODS

A total of 2537 persons undergoing a routine health physical examination and colonoscopy at The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China, between January 2020 and December 2022 were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. After excluding individuals who did not meet the eligibility criteria, descriptive statistics were used to compare characteristics between patients with and without CPs. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between the TyG index and the prevalence of CPs. The TyG index was calculated using the following formula: Ln [triglyceride (mg/dL) × glucose (mg/dL)/2]. The presence and types of CPs was determined based on data from colonoscopy reports and pathology reports.

RESULTS

A nonlinear relation between the TyG index and the prevalence of CPs was identified, and exhibited a curvilinear pattern with a cut-off point of 2.31. A significant association was observed before the turning point, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.70 (1.40, 2.06), P < 0.0001. However, the association between the TyG index and CPs was not significant after the cut-off point, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.57 (0.27, 1.23), P = 0.1521.

CONCLUSION

Our study revealed a curvilinear association between the TyG index and CPs in Chinese individuals, suggesting its potential utility in developing colonoscopy screening strategies for preventing CRC.

Can atherogenic indices and the triglyceride-glucose index be used to predict erectile dysfunction?

Background

Atherosclerosis and insulin resistance play an important role in the development of erectile dysfunction (ED), and few studies have comprehensively evaluated more specific indicators like atherogenic indices and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in the assessment of ED.

Aim

This study aimed to reveal the role of atherogenic indices (atherogenic index of plasma [AIP], Castelli risk index-1/2 [CRI-1/2], and atherogenic coefficient [AC]) based on plasma lipid ratios, which have been used as more sensitive indicators of atherosclerosis in recent years, and the TyG index, a practical indicator of insulin resistance, in predicting vasculogenic ED.

Methods

The study included a total of 199 patients who met the inclusion criteria and a total of 51 control subjects without ED complaints according to the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores (>21) between May 2021 and October 2022. For all participants, the demographic and biochemical parameters were evaluated, and atherogenic indices, namely CRI-1 (total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein [HDL]), CRI-2 (LDL/HDL) AIP [log10(triglycerides/HDL)], and AC (non-HDL/HDL), as well as the TyG index [Ln {fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2}] were calculated.

Outcomes

The TyG index, which is an indicator of insulin resistance, and atherogenic indices such as CRI-1, AIP, and AC were significantly associated with ED, and especially AIP and the TyG index seem to be more important in the evaluation of ED.

Results

According to the univariate analysis, the patient group had significantly higher CRI-1 (5.3 ± 1.4 vs 4.7 ± 1.3; P = .005), AIP (0.31 ± 0.26 vs 0.13 ± 0.2; P < .001), AC (4.1 ± 1.4 vs 3.70 ± 1.2; P = .026), and TyG (9.16 ± 0.71 vs 8.77 ± 0.52; P < .001) values compared with the control group. In the correlation analysis, a significant negative correlation was found between the AIP and TyG index and the IIEF-5 scores (r2 = 0.120, P < .001 between AIP and IIEF-5; r2 = 0.091, P < .001 between TyG index and IIEF-5). The multivariate analysis revealed AIP and the TyG index as independent predictive factors for ED.

Clinical Implications

The use of atherogenic indices and TyG index in daily urology practice can help physicians in the diagnosis and follow-up of ED.

Strengths and Limitations

The lack of sex hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone levels represents a limitation of our study. Another limitation is that the severity of ED was determined using the IIEF-5 scores, rather than a more objective method, such as penile artery ultrasound.

Conclusion

Atherogenic indices and the TyG index can be used as inexpensive and practical markers to predict the severity of arteriogenic ED.

The association between triglyceride glucose index and arthritis: a population-based study

OBJECTIVES

Insulin resistance is a well-established contributor to inflammation; however, the specific association between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, a biomarker reflecting insulin resistance, and arthritis remains unexplored. As a result, the main aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the TyG index and arthritis.

METHODS

This observational study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which was conducted between 2007 and 2018. To investigate the relationship between the TyG index and arthritis, various statistical analyses were employed, including weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis, curve fit analysis, and threshold effect analysis.

RESULTS

In total, 14,817 patients were enrolled in the trial, with 4,191 individuals (28.29%) diagnosed with arthritis. An increased risk of arthritis was found to be significantly correlated with higher TyG index values (odds ratio OR = 1.15, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.07-1.23), according to the results of multivariable logistic regression analysis after full adjustment. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests further indicated that the TyG index exhibited an additive effect when combined with other established risk factors, including age (OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.17-1.41), body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.24-1.69), and diabetes (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.11-1.31). Additionally, curve fit analysis and threshold effect analysis demonstrated a nonlinear relationship with a breakpoint identified at 8.08 µmol/L.

CONCLUSION

The TyG index was positively correlated with arthritis in adults under 60 years of age in the United States who had normal weight and no diabetes. Further large-scale prospective studies are warranted for a comprehensive analysis of the role of the TyG index in arthritis.

Association of Triglyceride-Glucose Index with the Risk of Hyperhomocysteinemia Among Chinese Male Bus Drivers: A Longitudinal Study

Background

Insulin resistance (IR) and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) are significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). As an important marker for IR, Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index maybe a significant predictor for HHcy progression, reflecting cardiovascular risk. However, the relationship between TyG index and HHcy has been unknown, especially for the high-risk occupation group of male bus drivers. This longitudinal study was initially conducted to explore the outcome of TyG index in predicting HHcy among male bus drivers.

Methods

In total, 1018 Chinese male bus drivers with Hcy data and regular follow-up from 2017 to 2021 were screened, and 523 non-HHcy subjects at baseline were included in the longitudinal cohort. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) was performed to investigate the possible non-linear relationship between TyG index and the progression of HHcy. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the association between TyG index and developing HHcy via assessing the value of odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

After the median follow up time of 2.12 years, approximately 27.7% of male bus drivers (mean age: 48.1 years) was identified as new incidents HHcy. Multivariate logistic regression found that the higher level of TyG was associated with an increased risk of new onset HHcy (OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.11-1.94); and the association seemed to be strong among male bus drivers with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P for interaction < 0.05).

Conclusion

As a higher risk occupation group for HHcy, male bus drivers should cause much more attentions from policy makers, employers, and health professionals in China. Identifying male bus drivers with HHcy is of significance at an earlier stage in the primary care setting. Being a significant predictive factor for HHcy, TyG index could be used to monitor and prevent Chinese male bus drivers from HHcy, especially for individuals with elevated LDL-C.

Is There Any Association Between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients?

BACKGROUND

Although previous studies have illustrated the relationship between chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, erectile dysfunction, and the triglyceride-glucose index (TyGi), the relationship between this index and postoperative graft function in patients undergoing renal transplantation has yet to be investigated. In the present study, we aimed to reveal the association between the TyGi and renal graft outcomes in patients who underwent renal transplantation.

METHODS

We retrospectively collected data on living and cadaveric kidney donor recipients between May 2019 and April 2022. The recipients' age, sex, body mass index, preoperative fasting glucose and triglyceride levels, TyGi, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and serum creatinine measurement data were recorded. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their GFR values (group 1: GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m²; group 2: GFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m²). Follow-up serum creatinine-eGFR levels and TyGi measurements were compared between the recipients in group 1 and group 2.

RESULTS

The mean TyGi measurements of the recipients were 8.79 ± 0.64 in group 1 and 8.83 ± 0.72 in group 2. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of the TyGi measurements between the 2 groups (P >. 05). No statistically significant correlation was found between the recipients' creatinine, eGFR, and TyGi at 1st, 6th, and 12th postoperative months (P > .05).

CONCLUSIONS

We believe that the relationship between the TyGi and renal graft function can be more clearly understood in prospective studies that include a higher number of patients and a longer follow-up period.

Beneficial Effects of Fermentation of Red Chili Pepper Using Lactococcus lactis subs. Cremoris RPG-HL-0136 in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Red chili pepper is a beneficial natural spicy food that has antiobesity and antitype II diabetes effects, but it is not conducive to in-depth research as a dietary strategy to treat obesity. This study aims to investigate the beneficial effects of red chili pepper, fermented with a novel Lactococcus lactis subs. cremoris RPG-HL-0136. LC-MS/MS analysis is conducted to detect the content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, and no significant difference is observed between the nonfermented red chili pepper (NFP) (W/W) and the prepared L. lactis subs. cremoris RPG-HL-0136-fermented chili mixture (LFP). After establishing a high-fat diet-induced obese type II diabetic mouse model, the effects on weight gain, weight loss of liver and testicular fat, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance in LFP were evaluated to be better than those in NFP following 10 weeks of interventions. All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Xinxiang medical university. NFP and LFP could increase the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and caspase-2 in the high-fat mice. Compared with unfermented red chili pepper, the fermented red chili pepper complex significantly reduced LPS, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 in serum (P < .05). Intake of LFP significantly increased the expression of claudin-1 and occludin in the colon of the high-fat mice (P < .05), and there was no damage to the stomach and colon. This study provides scientific evidence that red chili pepper, fermented with L. lactis subs. cremoris RPG-HL-0136, may be beneficial for future treatment of obesity and accompanying diabetes. (IACUC.No.XYLL-20200019).

The Triglycerides and Glucose Index is not superior to HOMA-IR in predicting testosterone deficiency among adult males

BACKGROUND

Testosterone decline and deficiency in males have aroused increased attention in male health management, which might have a close relationship with insulin resistance (IR).

OBJECTIVES

We utilized a novel and practical IR indicator, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, to investigate the association between the TyG index and serum testosterone in US adult males.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 and 2015-2016. The TyG index was calculated from fasting plasma glucose and serum triglyceride, and serum testosterone was measured by isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in NHANES.

RESULTS

A total of 2186 male participants aged more than 20 years old were included, and the mean TyG index was 8.72 ± 0.71. Participants with a higher TyG index showed a lower level of total testosterone (β = -45.83, 95% CI: -58.50, -33.15, p < 0.0001) and a higher risk of testosterone deficiency (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.46, 2.21, p < 0.0001) after we adjusted for all potential cofounders. Males in TyG index tertile 3 had a 113% (95% CI: 1.50, 3.02, p < 0.0001) higher risk of testosterone deficiency than those in tertile 1. Subgroup analysis stratified by diabetes condition indicated that the TyG index might be a good predictor of testosterone decline or deficiency in either people with or without diabetes. However, ROC cure analysis indicated that a larger area under the curve was found in the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (0.71, 95% CI: 0.68,0.74) than in the TyG index (0.67, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.70).

CONCLUSIONS

Males with a higher TyG index tended to have a higher risk of testosterone decline or even testosterone deficiency. However, the predictability of the TyG index for testosterone deficiency was not better than that of HOMA-IR. More well-designed studies are still needed to validate this relationship.

Chronic liver diseases and erectile dysfunction

Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) are characterized by progressive necrosis of hepatocytes, which leads to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and ultimately liver dysfunction. The statistics of 2020 shows that the number of patients with CLDs, including chronic hepatitis, fatty liver, and cirrhosis, may exceed 447 million in China. The liver is a crucial organ for the metabolism of various substances, including sex hormones and lipids. CLDs frequently result in abnormalities in the metabolism of sex hormones, glucose, and lipids, as well as mental and psychological illnesses, all of which are significant risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED). It has been reported that the prevalence of ED in male patients with CLDs ranges from 24.6 to 85.0%. According to a survey of Caucasians, liver transplantation may improve the erectile function of CLDs patients with ED. This finding supports the link between CLDs and ED. In addition, ED is often a precursor to a variety of chronic diseases. Given this correlation and the significant prevalence of CLDs, it is important to evaluate the epidemiology, risk factors, etiology, and treatment outcomes of ED in male patients with CLDs, expecting to attract widespread attention.

Triglycerides/Glucose Index is Associated with Sperm Parameters and Sperm DNA Fragmentation in Primary Infertile Men: A Cross-Sectional Study

Study question: we aimed to investigate the relationship between the tyg index and both semen and hormonal characteristics in a cohort of primary infertile men. Summary answer: almost one in two primary infertile men presented with a triglycerides/glucose index (tyg) suggestive of insulin resistance (ir). overall, patients with tyg suggestive of ir showed worse clinical, hormonal, and semen parameters. What is already known: male factor infertility (MFI) is often associated with metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, where insulin resistance (IR) plays a relevant pathological role. Recently, TyG has been suggested as a user-friendly IR marker. Study Design: serum hormones and the sperm DNA fragmentation index (SDF) were measured in every patient. The semen analysis was based on 2010 WHO reference criteria. Glucose and insulin levels were measured for every man after a 12-h overnight fast, and the homeostatic model assessment index (HOMA-IR) was then calculated and categorized using a 2.6 threshold. Similarly, fasting glucose and triglycerides levels were measured and the TyG index was calculated and categorized using an 8.1 threshold. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models tested the association between the TyG and semen and hormonal characteristics. Participants: complete demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from 726 consecutive white European primary infertile men were considered for this analysis. Main results and the role of chance: the median (IQR) age was 39 (35–43) years. A TyG and HOMA suggestive for IR was found in 339 (46.6%) and 154 (21.2%) men, respectively. During the Spearman’s test, the TyG index was highly correlated with HOMA-IR (rho = 0.46, p < 0.001). Compared to men with a normal TyG, men with TyG > 8.1 were older, had greater BMI and CCI scores, and lower total testosterone and sperm concentration, but higher DFI, and presented a greater proportion of NOA (all p < 0.01). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that men with TyG > 8.1 were at higher risk of SDF > 30 (OR 1.92 (CI: 1.2–2.9)) and NOA (OR 1.78 (CI: 1.1–2.8)). Wider implications of the findings: the Tyng index may act as a reliable marker of IR in the clinical work-up of primary infertile men in real-life settings.

Comparison of characteristics between Chinese diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction populations and non-diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction populations: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common disease in adult men, and diabetes is an independent risk factor for ED. However, there are few reports on the distinction between diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) and non-DMED features, as well as ED features of varying severity in the two groups.

METHODS

A total of 365 ED patients treated at two clinics in China from 2019 to 2022 were included. Questionnaires of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), Erectile Hardness Score (EHS), Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were administered to the patients. They were divided into three groups according to the IIEF-5 score: 5-7 for severe ED, 8-11 for moderate ED, and 12-21 for mild ED. In addition, the patient's age, weight, height, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), total testosterone (TT) and other indicators were also collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26, comparing all parameters between groups.

RESULTS

Age (P<0.001), height (P=0.009), body mass index (BMI) (P=0.002), PEDT (P<0.001), FBG (P<0.001), FSH (P<0.001), TG (P<0.001), TT (P<0.001) and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) (P<0.001) were significantly different between diabetic ED and nondiabetic ED subjects. The trend test in the nondiabetic ED population found a negative correlation between the IIEF-5 score and PHQ-9 (P for trend=0.15). Multivariate ordinal logistic regression in the diabetic ED population showed that elevated LH OR=11.37 (95% CI: 0.966, 3.897) and elevated PRL OR=4.10 (95% CI: 0.410, 2.411) were associated with an increased risk of more severe ED.

CONCLUSIONS

The aetiology, demographic parameters, degree of premature ejaculation, and related biochemical tests were significantly different between the DMED and non-DMED populations.

A higher TyG index is related with a higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction in males between the ages 20-70 in the United States, according to a cross-sectional research

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the relationship between triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and erectile dysfunction (ED) among United States (US) adult males.

METHODS

A logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and the computation of the dose-response curve were used to investigate the relationship between TyG index and ED prevalence among participants from the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.

RESULTS

After adjusting for all confounders, each unit increase in TyR index was associated with a 25 percent increase in ED prevalence (OR=1.25, 95%CI:1.03, 1.52), and stratified analysis showed that elevated TyG index was associated with increased ED prevalence in the 50-year old group (OR=1.35, 95% CI:1.05, 1.74), the Mexican-American group (OR=1.50, 95% CI:1.00, 2.23) and BMI 25-29.9 kg/m² (OR=1.48, 95% CI:1.08, 2.01). The dose-response curve demonstrated a positive linear connection between the TyG index and the risk of ED.

CONCLUSION

It has been shown that a higher TyG index is associated with a higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction. Although the causal relationship is not clear, it still deserves clinical attention.

Predicting risk of erectile dysfunction in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED). We aimed to predict the risk of ED in patients with NAFLD. The study included 146 male patients complaining impotence admitted to the urology outpatient clinic aged 24-80 years without a history of alcohol use who underwent abdominal ultrasonography between February 2018 and January 2019. 106 patients with NAFLD and 40 men without NAFLD were included in the study. Clinical and laboratory parameters, ED status according to International Index of Erectile Function-5 were compared between patients with and without NAFLD. The mean age of patients was 51.47 ± 10.34 years. NAFLD was detected in 72.6% of the patients. No statistically significant difference was found regarding mean age, BMI, IIEF-5 scores, DM status, serum glucose levels (p > .05). Fasting insulin levels, hypertension (HT), insulin resistance (IR) and ED status of the patients with NAFLD were significantly higher than patients without NAFLD (p < .05). NAFLD was found to be a significantly independent associated with ED. We also found that patients with NAFLD have risk of ED 2.92 times higher than without NAFLD (OR: 2.92). For the patients presenting with erectile dysfunction, hepatic steatosis should also be considered.

Higher Triglyceride-Glucose Index Is Associated With Increased Likelihood of Kidney Stones

AIMS

We aimed to assess the association between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and kidney stones in US adults.

METHODS

Data were obtained from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants aged ≥18 years who were not pregnant and provided complete data about TyG index and kidney stones were included in the analysis. Weighted multivariable regression analysis and subgroup analysis were preformed to estimate the independent relationship between TyG index and nephrolithiasis and recurrence.

RESULTS

A total of 20,972 participants were included with the mean TyG index of 8.71 ± 0.72. The prevalence rates of nephrolithiasis and recurrence were 9.30% and 3.17% overall and increased with the higher TyG index tertiles (Nephrolithiasis: Tertile 1, 6.98%; Tertile 2, 9.15%; Tertile 3, 11.98%, p < 0.01; Recurrence: Tertile 1, 1.84%; Tertile 2, 3.27%; Tertile 3, 4.50%, p < 0.01). Each unit increase in TyG index was associated with 12% and 26% higher odds of nephrolithiasis [odds ratio (OR) = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02-1.22; p = 0.02] and recurrence (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.08-1.46; p < 0.01). Interaction tests indicated no significant effect of gender, age, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes on this association between TyG index and kidney stones.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher TyG index was associated with an increased likelihood of nephrolithiasis and recurrence. Considering TyG index is a reliable indicator of insulin resistance (IR). Treatment and management of IR at a younger age may improve or alleviate the occurrence and recurrence of kidney stones.