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Tam MTK, Au ACK, Chan JYS, Chan CP, Cheung LL, Cheng YW, Yuen FSM, Yan BP. Personalized cardiac resynchronization therapy guided by real-time electrocardiographic imaging for patients with non-left bundle branch block. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:1047-1056. [PMID: 38369037 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with heart failure and a non-left bundle branch block (non-LBBB) QRS pattern have a limited response to biventricular pacing (BVP). OBJECTIVE A personalized cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation approach guided by real-time electrocardiographic imaging (ECGi) was studied. METHODS Twenty patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35%, QRS duration ≥ 120 ms, and non-LBBB [13 (65%) with right bundle branch block and 7 (35%) with intraventricular conduction delay] were recruited. During CRT implantation, right atrial, right ventricular, coronary sinus, His-bundle, and/or left bundle leads were inserted. The total activation time (TAT) with different pacing combinations were measured in real time during implantation by ECGi. The configuration producing the shortest TAT was chosen. Clinical response was defined as ≥1 New York Heart Association class improvement. Echocardiographic response was defined as left ventricular end-systolic volume reduction ≥ 15% and/or LVEF improvement ≥ 10% at 6 months. RESULTS After ECGi-guided CRT implantation, LVEF improved from 26% ± 6% to 34% ± 11% (P < .01) and New York Heart Association class improved from 3.0 ± 0.5 to 2.0 ± 0.6 (P < .01). Both clinical and echocardiographic response rates were 70%. The ECGi approach resulted in better acute electrical resynchronization over BVP as measured by TAT reduction (40% vs 14%; P < .01). The percentage of TAT reduction was found to be a strong predictor for echocardiographic response (area under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.91; 95% confidence interval 0.78-1.00). A strong positive correlation between percentage TAT reduction and percentage LVEF improvement (Pearson R = 0.70; P = .001) was found. CONCLUSION ECGi-guided CRT implantation in patients with non-LBBB generates superior acute electrical resynchronization compared with BVP and is associated with favorable clinical and echocardiographic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T K Tam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex C K Au
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joseph Y S Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chin-Pang Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li-Li Cheung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuet-Wong Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fiona S M Yuen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, North District Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bryan P Yan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Heart & Vascular Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Karvonen J, Lehto S, Lenz C, Beaudoint C, Oyeniran S, Kayser T, Vikman S, Pakarinen S. Minute ventilation sensor-driven rate response as a part of cardiac resynchronization therapy optimization in older patients. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2024:10.1007/s10840-024-01848-1. [PMID: 38914900 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-024-01848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronotropic incompetence (CI) is common among elderly cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker (CRT-P) patients on optimal medical therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of optimized rate-adaptive pacing utilizing the minute ventilation (MV) sensor on exercise tolerance. METHODS In a prospective, multicenter study, older patients (median age 76 years) with a guideline-based indication for CRT were evaluated following CRT-P implantation. If there was no documented CI, requiring clinically rate-responsive pacing, the device was programmed DDD at pre-discharge. At 1 month, a 6-min walk test (6MWT) was conducted. If the maximum heart rate was < 100 bpm or < 80% of the age-predicted maximum, the response was considered CI. Patients with CI were programmed with DDDR. At 3 months post-implant, the 6MWT was repeated in the correct respective programming mode. In addition, heart rate score (HRSc, defined as the percentage of all sensed and paced atrial events in the single tallest 10 bpm histogram bin) was assessed at 1 and 3 months. RESULTS CI was identified in 46/61 (75%) of patients without prior indication at enrollment. MV sensor-based DDDR mode increased heart rate in CI patients similarly to non-CI patients with intrinsically driven heart rates during 6MWT. Walking distance increased substantially with DDDR (349 ± 132 m vs. 376 ± 128 m at 1 and 3 months, respectively, p < 0.05). Furthermore, DDDR reduced HRSc by 14% (absolute reduction, p < 0.001) in those with more severe CI, i.e., HRSc ≥ 70%. CONCLUSION Exercise tolerance in older CRT-P patients can be further improved by the utilization of an MV sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Karvonen
- Department of Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital Heart and Lung Center, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sanni Lehto
- Department of Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital Heart and Lung Center, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Corinna Lenz
- UKB Klinik Für Innere Medizin, Kardiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Beaudoint
- Boston Scientific, Green Square, Lambroekstraat 5D, 1831, Diegem, Belgium
| | - Sola Oyeniran
- Boston Scientific, Green Square, Lambroekstraat 5D, 1831, Diegem, Belgium
| | - Torsten Kayser
- Boston Scientific, Green Square, Lambroekstraat 5D, 1831, Diegem, Belgium
| | - Saila Vikman
- Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Pakarinen
- Department of Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital Heart and Lung Center, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
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Simon A, Pilecky D, Kiss LZ, Vamos M. Useful Electrocardiographic Signs to Support the Prediction of Favorable Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:425. [PMID: 37887872 PMCID: PMC10607456 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a cornerstone therapeutic opportunity for selected patients with heart failure. For optimal patient selection, no other method has been proven to be more effective than the 12-lead ECG, and hence ECG characteristics are extensively researched. The evaluation of particular ECG signs before the implantation may improve selection and, consequently, clinical outcomes. The definition of a true left bundle branch block (LBBB) seems to be the best starting point with which to select patients for CRT. Although there are no universally accepted definitions of LBBB, using the classical LBBB criteria, some ECG parameters are associated with CRT response. In patients with non-true LBBB or non-LBBB, further ECG predictors of response and non-response could be analyzed, such as QRS fractionation, signs of residual left bundle branch conduction, S-waves in V6, intrinsicoid deflection, or non-invasive estimates of Q-LV which are described in newer publications. The most important and recent study results of the topic are summarized and discussed in this current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Simon
- Department of Cardiology, Szent Imre University Teaching Hospital, 1115 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - David Pilecky
- Gottsegen National Cardiovascular Center, 1096 Budapest, Hungary;
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Mate Vamos
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
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Abstract
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a good treatment for heart failure accompanied by ventricular conduction abnormalities. Current ECG criteria in international guidelines seem to be suboptimal to select heart failure patients for CRT. The criteria QRS duration and left bundle branch block (LBBB) QRS morphology insufficiently detect left ventricular activation delay, which is required for benefit from CRT. Additionally, there are various definitions for LBBB, in which each one has a different association with CRT benefit and is prone to subjective interpretation. Recent studies have shown that the objectively measured vectorcardiographic QRS area identifies left ventricular activation delay with higher accuracy than any of the current ECG criteria. Indeed, various studies have consistently shown that a high QRS area prior to CRT predicts both echocardiographic and clinical improvement after CRT. The beneficial relation of QRS area with CRT-outcome was largely independent from QRS morphology, QRS duration, and patient characteristics known to affect CRT-outcome including ischemic etiology and sex. On top of QRS area prior to CRT, the reduction in QRS area after CRT further improves benefit. QRS area is easily obtainable from a standard 12-lead ECG though it currently requires off-line analysis. Clinical applicability will be significantly improved when QRS area is automatically determined by ECG equipment.
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Ghossein MA, Zanon F, Salden F, van Stipdonk A, Marcantoni L, Engels E, Luermans J, Westra S, Prinzen F, Vernooy K. Left Ventricular Lead Placement Guided by Reduction in QRS Area. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245935. [PMID: 34945236 PMCID: PMC8707800 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Reduction in QRS area after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is associated with improved long-term clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the reduction in QRS area is associated with hemodynamic improvement by pacing different LV sites and can be used to guide LV lead placement. Methods: Patients with a class Ia/IIa CRT indication were prospectively included from three hospitals. Acute hemodynamic response was assessed as the relative change in maximum rate of rise of left ventricular (LV) pressure (%∆LVdP/dtmax). Change in QRS area (∆QRS area), in QRS duration (∆QRS duration), and %∆LVdP/dtmax were studied in relation to different LV pacing locations within a patient. Results: Data from 52 patients paced at 188 different LV pacing sites were investigated. Lateral LV pacing resulted in a larger %∆LVdP/dtmax than anterior or posterior pacing (p = 0.0007). A similar trend was found for ∆QRS area (p = 0.001) but not for ∆QRS duration (p = 0.23). Pacing from the proximal electrode pair resulted in a larger %∆LVdP/dtmax (p = 0.004), and ∆QRS area (p = 0.003) but not ∆QRS duration (p = 0.77). Within patients, correlation between ∆QRS area and %∆LVdP/dtmax was 0.76 (median, IQR 0.35; 0,89). Conclusion: Within patients, ∆QRS area is associated with %∆LVdP/dtmax at different LV pacing locations. Therefore, QRS area, which is an easily, noninvasively obtainable and objective parameter, may be useful to guide LV lead placement in CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Ghossein
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Zanon
- Santa Maria Della Misericordia General Hospital, 45100 Rovigo, Italy; (F.Z.); (L.M.)
| | - Floor Salden
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.S.); (A.v.S.); (J.L.); (K.V.)
| | - Antonius van Stipdonk
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.S.); (A.v.S.); (J.L.); (K.V.)
| | - Lina Marcantoni
- Santa Maria Della Misericordia General Hospital, 45100 Rovigo, Italy; (F.Z.); (L.M.)
| | - Elien Engels
- Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Justin Luermans
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.S.); (A.v.S.); (J.L.); (K.V.)
| | - Sjoerd Westra
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Frits Prinzen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Kevin Vernooy
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.S.); (A.v.S.); (J.L.); (K.V.)
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
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Bazoukis G, Naka KK, Alsheikh-Ali A, Tse G, Letsas KP, Korantzopoulos P, Liu T, Yeung C, Efremidis M, Tsioufis K, Baranchuk A, Stavrakis S. Association of QRS narrowing with response to cardiac resynchronization therapy-a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 25:745-756. [PMID: 31392534 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-019-09839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged QRS duration, which reflects a higher degree of mechanical dysynchrony, is a predictor of response to CRT. However, the association of QRS narrowing after biventricular pacing with CRT response rates is not clear. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between QRS narrowing after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and clinical and echocardiographic response to CRT in patients with heart failure. Two independent investigators searched MedLine and EMBASE databases through July 2018 without any limitations. Studies providing estimates (continuous data) on the association of QRS shortening with either clinical (defined as New York Heart Association (NYHA) reduction ≥ 1) or echocardiographic (defined as left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) reduction ≥ 15%) response to CRT were finally included in the quantitative synthesis. We included 32 studies (14 studies (1274 patients mean age 64 years old, males 79.3%) using clinical CRT response and 18 studies (1270 patients, mean age 64 years old, males 69.1%) using echocardiographic CRT response). A significant association between QRS narrowing and shorter attained QRS duration with clinical and echocardiographic CRT response was observed. The observed association was independent of the timing of QRS width measurement after CRT implantation. Acute and late improvement of electrical dysynchrony as depicted by QRS narrowing following biventricular pacing is associated with clinical and echocardiographic response to CRT. However, large prospective studies are needed to further examine our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Bazoukis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece. .,The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Katerina K Naka
- Second Department of Cardiology, University of Ioannina, GR 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alawi Alsheikh-Ali
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Konstantinos P Letsas
- Second Department of Cardiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Tong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Cynthia Yeung
- Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Efremidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Ghossein MA, van Stipdonk AMW, Plesinger F, Kloosterman M, Wouters PC, Salden OAE, Meine M, Maass AH, Prinzen FW, Vernooy K. Reduction in the QRS area after cardiac resynchronization therapy is associated with survival and echocardiographic response. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2021; 32:813-822. [PMID: 33476467 PMCID: PMC7986123 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have shown that the baseline QRS area is associated with the clinical response after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). In this study, we investigated the association of QRS area reduction (∆QRS area) after CRT with the outcome. We hypothesize that a larger ∆QRS area is associated with a better survival and echocardiographic response. METHODS AND RESULTS Electrocardiograms (ECG) obtained before and 2-12 months after CRT from 1299 patients in a multi-center CRT-registry were analyzed. The QRS area was calculated from vectorcardiograms that were synthesized from 12-lead ECGs. The primary endpoint was a combination of all-cause mortality, heart transplantation, and left ventricular (LV) assist device implantation. The secondary endpoint was the echocardiographic response, defined as LV end-systolic volume reduction ≥ of 15%. Patients with ∆QRS area above the optimal cut-off value (62 µVs) had a lower risk of reaching the primary endpoint (hazard ratio: 0.43; confidence interval [CI] 0.33-0.56, p < .001), and a higher chance of echocardiographic response (odds ratio [OR] 3.3;CI 2.4-4.6, p < .0001). In multivariable analysis, ∆QRS area was independently associated with both endpoints. In patients with baseline QRS area ≥109 µVs, survival, and echocardiographic response were better when the ∆QRS area was ≥62 µVs (p < .0001). Logistic regression showed that in patients with baseline QRS area ≥109 µVs, ∆QRS area was the only significant predictor of survival (OR: 0.981; CI: 0.967-0.994, p = .006). CONCLUSION ∆QRS area is an independent determinant of CRT response, especially in patients with a large baseline QRS area. Failure to achieve a large QRS area reduction with CRT is associated with a poor clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Ghossein
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Antonius M. W. van Stipdonk
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Filip Plesinger
- Department of Medical SignalsInstitute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Mariëlle Kloosterman
- Department of Cardiology, University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Philippe C. Wouters
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Odette A. E. Salden
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Mathias Meine
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Alexander H. Maass
- Department of Cardiology, University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Frits W. Prinzen
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Kevin Vernooy
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of CardiologyRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
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Zhang C, Liu HX, Deng XQ, Tong L, Wang H, Wang YF, Tong L, Cheng LC, Cai L. Delay optimization of multipoint pacing increases the cardiac index and narrows the QRS width. J Electrocardiol 2020; 60:114-117. [PMID: 32353803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The benefits of MPP delay optimization on hemodynamics and ventricular contraction synchronicity can be quantified with cardiac index (CI) and QRS width. A delay with the maximum CI and minimum QRS width may be the optimized settings for multipoint pacing (MPP). METHODS Twelve patients with advanced heart failure who received cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillation with MPP at the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu from March 2016 to April 2019 were included. Interventricular and intraventricular delays were optimized through noninvasive cardiac output monitoring and a 12 lead ECG. RESULTS According to CI, the optimized left ventricular- left ventricular - right ventricular delay setting was mainly 25 ms-25 ms and 40 ms-40 ms. And the delay with the minimum QRS width was mainly in 5 ms-5 ms, 25 ms-25 ms, and 40 ms-25 ms. The optimal MPP configuration increased CI compared to the MPP setting that produced the minimum CI (4.5 ± 1.3 vs. 2.8 ± 1.0 L/min/m2, P < 0.001). The QRS width of the optimized MPP was narrower than the MPP setting that produced the maximum QRS width (127 ± 20 vs. 160 ± 29 ms, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Delay optimization improves hemodynamic response and ventricular contraction synchronicity. The delay of 25 ms-25 ms may be the optimal setting for most MPP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, 82 Qinglong St. Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Han-Xiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, 82 Qinglong St. Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, 82 Qinglong St. Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, 82 Qinglong St. Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, 82 Qinglong St. Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan-Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, 82 Qinglong St. Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, 82 Qinglong St. Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lian-Chao Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, 82 Qinglong St. Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, 82 Qinglong St. Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Caro-Codón J, Rey JR, Díaz Cruz J, Martínez Marín LA, García de Veas Marquéz JM, Castrejón S, Martínez Cossiani M, Rodríguez Sotelo L, López-Sendón JL, Merino JL. Precision and reproducibility of non-automatic measurement of the QRS complex in potential candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Electrocardiol 2019; 57:90-94. [PMID: 31574350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate measurement of QRS complex duration (QRSd) remains crucial for the selection of patients for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, assessment of QRSd on conventional surface electrocardiograms (ECG), especially when performed without computer assistance, may be challenging due to the limited accuracy of the human eye to discriminate differences in the range of 10 ms at 25 mm/s. The value and reproducibility of visual assessment of QRSd at 25 mm/s on conventional ECGs was compared to those obtained using an electrophysiology recording system (EPRS) with simultaneous 12 lead traces at 100 mm/s, which was considered the gold standard. METHODS The ECGs of 102 consecutive patients with left ventricular dysfunction undergoing electrophysiological evaluation were collected. Two sets of measurements were obtained: 1) QRSd-25 measured on conventional 12-lead ECGs printed at 25 mm/s with standard amplification (10 mm/mV) by 4 different observers, and 2) QRSd-100 measured on simultaneous 12-lead traces at 100 mm/s and 40 mm/mV by 2 different observers using electronic callipers. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between QRSd-100 and QRSd-25 measurements (19.3 ± 9.9 ms, range 1.0-47.5, p < 0.001). QRSd-25 showed significant inter and intra-observer variability. When categorizing individual ECGs in three QRSd-25 subgroups (<120 ms, 120-149 ms and ≥150 ms), low concordance was observed between both techniques (kappa index 0.25, p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of QRSd-25 to detect QRSd-100 ≥ 150 ms was 36.6% and 100.0% respectively. CONCLUSIONS Visual measurement of QRSd at 25 mm/s often underestimates its magnitude and presents significant inter and intraobserver variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Caro-Codón
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan R Rey
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Sergio Castrejón
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jose L Merino
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Carpio EF, Gomez JF, Sebastian R, Lopez-Perez A, Castellanos E, Almendral J, Ferrero JM, Trenor B. Optimization of Lead Placement in the Right Ventricle During Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. A Simulation Study. Front Physiol 2019; 10:74. [PMID: 30804805 PMCID: PMC6378298 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from heart failure and left bundle branch block show electrical ventricular dyssynchrony causing an abnormal blood pumping. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is recommended for these patients. Patients with positive therapy response normally present QRS shortening and an increased left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction. However, around one third do not respond favorably. Therefore, optimal location of pacing leads, timing delays between leads and/or choosing related biomarkers is crucial to achieve the best possible degree of ventricular synchrony during CRT application. In this study, computational modeling is used to predict the optimal location and delay of pacing leads to improve CRT response. We use a 3D electrophysiological computational model of the heart and torso to get insight into the changes in the activation patterns obtained when the heart is paced from different regions and for different atrioventricular and interventricular delays. The model represents a heart with left bundle branch block and heart failure, and allows a detailed and accurate analysis of the electrical changes observed simultaneously in the myocardium and in the QRS complex computed in the precordial leads. Computational simulations were performed using a modified version of the O'Hara et al. action potential model, the most recent mathematical model developed for human ventricular electrophysiology. The optimal location for the pacing leads was determined by QRS maximal reduction. Additionally, the influence of Purkinje system on CRT response was assessed and correlation analysis between several parameters of the QRS was made. Simulation results showed that the right ventricle (RV) upper septum near the outflow tract is an alternative location to the RV apical lead. Furthermore, LV endocardial pacing provided better results as compared to epicardial stimulation. Finally, the time to reach the 90% of the QRS area was a good predictor of the instant at which 90% of the ventricular tissue was activated. Thus, the time to reach the 90% of the QRS area is suggested as an additional index to assess CRT effectiveness to improve biventricular synchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison F Carpio
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering (Ci2B), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Gomez
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering (Ci2B), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Sebastian
- Computational Multiscale Simulation Lab (CoMMLab), Department of Computer Science, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lopez-Perez
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering (Ci2B), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Castellanos
- Electrophysiology Laboratory and Arrhythmia Unit, Grupo HM Hospitales, Hospital Monteprincipe, University CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Almendral
- Electrophysiology Laboratory and Arrhythmia Unit, Grupo HM Hospitales, Hospital Monteprincipe, University CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Ferrero
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering (Ci2B), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Trenor
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering (Ci2B), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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11
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van Stipdonk AM, ter Horst I, Kloosterman M, Engels EB, Rienstra M, Crijns HJ, Vos MA, van Gelder IC, Prinzen FW, Meine M, Maass AH, Vernooy K. QRS Area Is a Strong Determinant of Outcome in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2018; 11:e006497. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.118.006497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonius M.W. van Stipdonk
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (A.M.W.v.S., H.J.G.M.C., K.V.)
| | - Iris ter Horst
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (A.M.W.v.S., H.J.G.M.C., K.V.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands (I.t.H., M.M.)
| | - Marielle Kloosterman
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (M.K., M.R., I.C.v.G., A.H.M.)
| | - Elien B. Engels
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (E.B.E., H.J.G.M.C., F.W.P., K.V.)
| | - Michiel Rienstra
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (M.K., M.R., I.C.v.G., A.H.M.)
| | - Harry J.G.M. Crijns
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (A.M.W.v.S., H.J.G.M.C., K.V.)
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (E.B.E., H.J.G.M.C., F.W.P., K.V.)
| | - Marc A. Vos
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.A.V.)
| | - Isabelle C. van Gelder
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (M.K., M.R., I.C.v.G., A.H.M.)
| | - Frits W. Prinzen
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (E.B.E., H.J.G.M.C., F.W.P., K.V.)
| | - Mathias Meine
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands (I.t.H., M.M.)
| | - Alexander H. Maass
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (M.K., M.R., I.C.v.G., A.H.M.)
| | - Kevin Vernooy
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (A.M.W.v.S., H.J.G.M.C., K.V.)
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (E.B.E., H.J.G.M.C., F.W.P., K.V.)
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (K.V.)
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12
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Jastrzębski M, Baranchuk A, Fijorek K, Kisiel R, Kukla P, Sondej T, Czarnecka D. Cardiac resynchronization therapy-induced acute shortening of QRS duration predicts long-term mortality only in patients with left bundle branch block. Europace 2018; 21:281-289. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Jastrzębski
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kopernika str. 17, Krakow 31-052, Poland
| | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Heart Rhythm Service, Kingston Heart Sciences Center, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kamil Fijorek
- Department of Statistics, Cracow University of Economics, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roksana Kisiel
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kopernika str. 17, Krakow 31-052, Poland
| | - Piotr Kukla
- Department of Cardiology, H. Klimontowicz Specialistic Hospital, Gorlice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sondej
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kopernika str. 17, Krakow 31-052, Poland
| | - Danuta Czarnecka
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kopernika str. 17, Krakow 31-052, Poland
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13
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Improved acute haemodynamic response to cardiac resynchronization therapy using multipoint pacing cannot solely be explained by better resynchronization. J Electrocardiol 2018; 51:S61-S66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Lund-Andersen C, Petersen HH, Jøns C, Philbert BT, Tfelt-Hansen J, Skovgaard LT, Svendsen JH. Precision of automated QRS duration measurement in patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2018; 52:103-110. [DOI: 10.1007/s10840-018-0334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Suzuki A, Shiga T, Yagishita D, Yagishita-Tagawa Y, Arai K, Iwanami Y, Ejima K, Ashihara K, Shoda M, Hagiwara N. Narrowing filtered QRS duration on signal-averaged electrocardiogram predicts outcomes in cardiac resynchronization therapy patients with nonischemic heart failure. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2017; 23:e12523. [PMID: 29194868 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the impact of changes in the filtered QRS duration (fQRS) on signal-averaged electrocardiograms (SAECGs) from pre- to postimplantation on the clinical outcomes in nonischemic heart failure (HF) patients under cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). METHODS We studied 103 patients with nonischemic HF and sinus rhythm who underwent CRT implantation. SAECGs were obtained within 1 week before and 1 week after implantation and narrowing fQRS was defined as a decrease in fQRS from pre- to postimplantation. Echocardiography was performed before and 6 months after CRT implantation. The primary outcome was death from any cause. The secondary outcomes were hospitalization due to worsened HF and occurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. RESULTS Of the 103 CRT patients, 53 (51%) showed narrowing fQRS. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume were significantly reduced (both p < .001), and the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly increased (p < .001) after CRT in patients with narrowing fQRS, but not in patients with nonnarrowing fQRS. During a median follow-up period of 33 months, patients with narrowing fQRS exhibited better survival than patients with nonnarrowing fQRS (p = .007). A lower incidence of hospitalization due to worsened HF (p < .001) and a lower occurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (p = .071) were obtained in patients with narrowing fQRS. After adjusting for confounding variables, narrowing fQRS was associated with a low risk of mortality (HR 0.27, p = .006). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that narrowing fQRS on SAECG after CRT implantation predicts LV reverse remodeling and long-term outcomes in nonischemic HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shiga
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Yagishita
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kotaro Arai
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Iwanami
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ejima
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyomi Ashihara
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Shoda
- Clinical Research Division for Heart Rhythm Management, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Hagiwara
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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De Pooter J, El Haddad M, Stroobandt R, De Buyzere M, Timmermans F. Accuracy of computer-calculated and manual QRS duration assessments: Clinical implications to select candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy. Int J Cardiol 2017; 236:276-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Daubert C, Mabo P, Leclercq C. Do novel noninvasive ECG techniques improve patient selection for CRT? Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:400-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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DE Pooter J, El Haddad M, DE Buyzere M, Aranda HA, Cornelussen R, Stegemann B, Rinaldi CA, Sterlinski M, Sokal A, Francis DP, Jordaens L, Stroobandt RX, VAN Heuverswyn F, Timmermans F. Biventricular Paced QRS Area Predicts Acute Hemodynamic CRT Response Better Than QRS Duration or QRS Amplitudes. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2016; 28:192-200. [PMID: 27885752 DOI: 10.1111/jce.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vectorcardiographic (VCG) QRS area of left bundle branch block (LBBB) predicts acute hemodynamic response in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) patients. We hypothesized that changes in QRS area occurring with biventricular pacing (BV) might predict acute hemodynamic CRT response (AHR). METHODS AND RESULTS VCGs of 624 BV paced electrocardiograms (25 LBBB patients with 35 different pacing configurations) were calculated according to Frank's orthogonal lead system. Maximum QRS vector amplitudes (XAmpl , YAmpl , ZAmpl , and 3DAmp ) and QRS areas (XArea , YArea , ZArea , and 3DArea ) in the orthogonal leads (X, Y, and Z) and in 3-dimensional projection were measured. Volume of the 3D vector loop and global QRS duration (QRSD) on the surface electrocardiogram were assessed. Differences (Δ) in VCG parameters between BV paced and LBBB QRS complexes were calculated. An increase of 10% in dP/dt max was considered as AHR. LBBB conduction is characterized by a large ZArea (109 μVs, interquartile range [IQR]:75;135), significantly larger than XArea (22 μVs, IQR:10;57) and YArea (44 μVs, IQR:32;62, P < 0.001). Overall, QRS duration, amplitudes, and areas decrease significantly with BV pacing (P < 0.001). Of all VCG parameters, 3DAmpl , Δ3DAmpl , ZArea, ΔZArea , Δ3DArea , and ΔQRSD differentiate AHR response from nonresponse (P < 0.05). ΔZArea predicted best positive AHR (area under the curve = 0.813) and outperformed any other VCG parameter or QRSD measurement. CONCLUSION Of all VCG parameters, reduction in QRS area, calculated in Frank's Z lead, predicts acute hemodynamic response best. This method might be an easy, noninvasive tool to guide CRT implantation and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan DE Pooter
- Ghent University Hospital, Heart Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maciej Sterlinski
- The Second Department of Coronary Artery Disease, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Sokal
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy Silesian Center of Heart Disease, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Darrel P Francis
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, England, UK
| | - Luc Jordaens
- Ghent University Hospital, Heart Center, Ghent, Belgium
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Bencardino G, Di Monaco A, Russo E, Colizzi C, Perna F, Pelargonio G, Narducci ML, Gabrielli FA, Lanza GA, Rebuzzi AG, Crea F. Outcome of Patients Treated by Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Using a Quadripolar Left Ventricular Lead. Circ J 2016; 80:613-8. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Di Monaco
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS
| | - Cristian Colizzi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
| | - Francesco Perna
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
| | - Gemma Pelargonio
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
| | | | | | | | | | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
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