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Ding H, Hou X, Gao Z, Guo Y, Liao B, Wan J. Challenges and Strategies for Endothelializing Decellularized Small-Diameter Tissue-Engineered Vessel Grafts. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304432. [PMID: 38462702 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Vascular diseases are the leading cause of ischemic necrosis in tissues and organs, necessitating using vascular grafts to restore blood supply. Currently, small vessels for coronary artery bypass grafts are unavailable in clinical settings. Decellularized small-diameter tissue-engineered vessel grafts (SD-TEVGs) hold significant potential. However, they face challenges, as simple implantation of decellularized SD-TEVGs in animals leads to thrombosis and calcification due to incomplete endothelialization. Consequently, research and development focus has shifted toward enhancing the endothelialization process of decellularized SD-TEVGs. This paper reviews preclinical studies involving decellularized SD-TEVGs, highlighting different strategies and their advantages and disadvantages for achieving rapid endothelialization of these vascular grafts. Methods are analyzed to improve the process while addressing potential shortcomings. This paper aims to contribute to the future commercial viability of decellularized SD-TEVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yingqiang Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Juyi Wan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
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Lee J, Lee H. Sacrificial-Rotating Rod-Based 3D Bioprinting Technique for the Development of an In Vitro Cardiovascular Model. J Funct Biomater 2023; 15:2. [PMID: 38276475 PMCID: PMC10817312 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have attempted to develop complex cardiovascular models, but the use of multiple cell types and poor cell alignments after fabrication have limited the practical application of these models. Among various bioprinting methods, extrusion-based bioprinting is the most widely used in the bioengineering field. This method not only has the potential to construct complex 3D biological structures but it also enables the alignment of cells in the printing direction owing to the application of shear stress to the cells during the printing process. Therefore, this study developed an in vitro cardiovascular model using an extrusion-based bioprinting method that utilizes a rotating rod as a printing platform. The rotating rod was made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and used as a sacrificial rod. This rotating platform approach enabled the printing of longer tubular-vascular structures of multiple shapes, including disease models, and the water-soluble properties of PVA facilitated the isolation of the printed vascular models. In addition, this method enabled the printing of the endothelial cells in the bloodstream direction and smooth muscle cells in the circumferential direction to better mimic the anatomy of real blood vessels. Consequently, a cardiovascular model was successfully printed using a gelatin methacryloyl bioink with cells. In conclusion, the proposed fabrication method can facilitate the fabrication of various cardiovascular models that mimic the alignment of real blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Lee
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University (KNU), Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyungseok Lee
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University (KNU), Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Kangwon National University (KNU), Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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A vertical additive-lathe printing system for the fabrication of tubular constructs using gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 139:105665. [PMID: 36640542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reproducing both the mechanical and biological performance of native blood vessels remains an ongoing challenge in vascular tissue engineering. Additive-lathe printing offers an attractive method of fabricating long tubular constructs as a potential vascular graft for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Printing hydrogels onto rotating horizontal mandrels often leads to sagging, resulting in poor and variable mechanical properties. In this study, an additive-lathe printing system with a vertical mandrel to fabricate tubular constructs is presented. Various concentrations of gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA) hydrogel were used to print grafts on the rotating mandrel in a helical pattern. The printing parameters were selected to achieve the bonding of consecutive gelMA filaments to improve the quality of the printed graft. The hydrogel filaments were fused properly under the action of gravity on the vertical mandrel. Thus, the vertical additive-lathe printing system was used to print uniform wall thickness grafts, eliminating the hydrogel sagging problem. Tensile testing performed in both circumferential and longitudinal direction revealed that the anisotropic properties of printed gelMA constructs were similar to those observed in the native blood vessels. In addition, no leakage was detected through the walls of the gelMA grafts during burst pressure measurement. Therefore, the current printing setup could be utilized to print vascular grafts for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Gou K, Hu JJ, Baek S. Mechanical characterization of human umbilical arteries by thick-walled models: Enhanced vascular compliance by removing an abluminal lining. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105811. [PMID: 37028123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The decellularized human umbilical artery (HUA) is considered as a promising option for small-diameter, tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). Our previous study showed that the HUA bears a thin, watertight lining on its outermost abluminal surface. Removal of this abluminal lining layer improves efficacy of the perfusion-assisted decellularization of the HUA and increases its compliance. As stress across the wall is believed to affect growth and remodeling of the TEVG, it is imperative to mechanically characterize the HUA using thick-walled models. Combining inflation experiments and computational methods, we investigate the mechanical properties of the HUA before and after the abluminal lining removal to examine the HUA's wall mechanics. The inflation tests of five HUAs were performed to obtain the mechanical and geometrical response of the vessel wall before and after the lining layer removal. Using nonlinear hyperelastic models, the same responses are obtained computationally using the thick-walled models. The experimental data are incorporated into the computational models to estimate the mechanical and orientation parameters of the fibers and isotropic matrix of different layers in the HUAs. The parameter fitting of both thick-walled models (before and after the abluminal lining removal) results in most of the R-squared values for measuring the goodness of fitting to be over 0.90 for all samples. The compliance of the HUA increases from a mean value of 2.60% per 100 mmHg before the removal of the lining to a mean value of 4.21% per 100 mmHg after the removal. The results reveal that, although the abluminal lining is thin, it is stiff and capable of supporting majority of the high luminal pressure, and that the inner layer is far less stressed than the abluminal lining. Computational simulations also show that removal of the abluminal lining increases the circumferential wall stress by up to 280 kPa under the in vivo luminal pressure. The integrated computational and experimental approaches provide more accurate estimates of the material behaviors of HUAs employed in grafts and, in turn, the study enhances our understanding of interactions between the graft and the native vessel on vascular growth and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Gou
- Department of Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Jin-Jia Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Seungik Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Wang X, Chan V, Corridon PR. Decellularized blood vessel development: Current state-of-the-art and future directions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:951644. [PMID: 36003539 PMCID: PMC9394443 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.951644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases contribute to intensive and irreversible damage, and current treatments include medications, rehabilitation, and surgical interventions. Often, these diseases require some form of vascular replacement therapy (VRT) to help patients overcome life-threatening conditions and traumatic injuries annually. Current VRTs rely on harvesting blood vessels from various regions of the body like the arms, legs, chest, and abdomen. However, these procedures also produce further complications like donor site morbidity. Such common comorbidities may lead to substantial pain, infections, decreased function, and additional reconstructive or cosmetic surgeries. Vascular tissue engineering technology promises to reduce or eliminate these issues, and the existing state-of-the-art approach is based on synthetic or natural polymer tubes aiming to mimic various types of blood vessel. Burgeoning decellularization techniques are considered as the most viable tissue engineering strategy to fill these gaps. This review discusses various approaches and the mechanisms behind decellularization techniques and outlines a simplified model for a replacement vascular unit. The current state-of-the-art method used to create decellularized vessel segments is identified. Also, perspectives on future directions to engineer small- (inner diameter >1 mm and <6 mm) to large-caliber (inner diameter >6 mm) vessel substitutes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vincent Chan
- Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter R. Corridon
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Peter R. Corridon,
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Cai Z, Tan Z, Tian R, Chen X, Miao P, Yao C, Wang C, Yu Z, Gu Y. Acellular Vascular Scaffolds Preloaded With Heparin and Hepatocyte Growth Factor for Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts Might Inhibit Intimal Hyperplasia. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221134541. [DOI: 10.1177/09636897221134541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop small-diameter (<6 mm) scaffolds capable of accelerating rapid endothelialization and improving long-term patency rate, we created acellular vascular scaffolds preloaded with heparin and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Heparin was conjugated to suppress thrombogenic responses, and HGF was immobilized to induce endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation and migration. The scaffolds immobilized with heparin exhibited highly effective localization and sustained release of HGF for 30 days in vitro. We implanted this modified scaffold into the carotid artery of a rabbit model to investigate the efficacy in vivo. The acellular vascular scaffold with heparin only was used as control. After transplantation, the patency of this modified scaffold was 91.67% at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, while the patency rate in the group with grafted heparin only was 83.33% at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. This modified scaffold significantly stimulated ECs proliferation and the endothelium aligned in the direction of flow after 12 months. In addition, intimal hyperplasia was significantly reduced in the grafts coated with HGF compared with the control grafts. The small-diameter vascular grafts with an inner diameter of 2.5 mm preloaded with heparin and HGF may be a substitute for autologous blood vessels in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengli Tan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Miao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenliang Yao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengya Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Wei Y, Wang F, Guo Z, Zhao Q. Tissue-engineered vascular grafts and regeneration mechanisms. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 165:40-53. [PMID: 34971664 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are life-threatening diseases with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vascular bypass surgery is still the ultimate strategy for CVD treatment. Autografts are the gold standard for graft transplantation, but insufficient sources limit their widespread application. Therefore, alternative tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) are urgently needed. In this review, we summarize the major strategies for the preparation of vascular grafts, as well as the factors affecting their patency and tissue regeneration. Finally, the underlying mechanisms of vascular regeneration that are mediated by host cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Wei
- Zhengzhou Cardiovascular Hospital and 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Zhengzhou Cardiovascular Hospital and 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Zhengzhou Cardiovascular Hospital and 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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8
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Lopera Higuita M, Lopera Giraldo JF, Sarrafian TL, Griffiths LG. Tissue engineered bovine saphenous vein extracellular matrix scaffolds produced via antigen removal achieve high in vivo patency rates. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:144-159. [PMID: 34192567 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diseases of small diameter blood vessels encompass the largest portion of cardiovascular diseases, with over 4.2 million people undergoing autologous vascular grafting every year. However, approximately one third of patients are ineligible for autologous vascular grafting due to lack of suitable donor vasculature. Acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds derived from xenogeneic vascular tissue have potential to serve as ideal biomaterials for production of off-the-shelf vascular grafts capable of eliminating the need for autologous vessel harvest. A modified antigen removal (AR) tissue process, employing aminosulfabetaine-16 (ASB-16) was used to create off-the-shelf small diameter (< 3 mm) vascular graft from bovine saphenous vein ECM scaffolds with significantly reduced antigenic content, while retaining native vascular ECM protein structure and function. Elimination of native tissue antigen content conferred graft-specific adaptive immune avoidance, while retention of native ECM protein macromolecular structure resulted in pro-regenerative cellular infiltration, ECM turnover and innate immune self-recognition in a rabbit subpannicular model. Finally, retention of the delicate vascular basement membrane protein integrity conferred endothelial cell repopulation and 100% patency rate in a rabbit jugular interposition model, comparable only to Autograft implants. Alternatively, the lack of these important basement membrane proteins in otherwise identical scaffolds yielded a patency rate of only 20%. We conclude that acellular antigen removed bovine saphenous vein ECM scaffolds have potential to serve as ideal off-the-shelf small diameter vascular scaffolds with high in vivo patency rates due to their low antigen content, retained native tissue basement membrane integrity and preserved native ECM structure, composition and functional properties. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The use of autologous vessels for the treatment of small diameter vascular diseases is common practice. However, the use of autologous tissue poses significant complications due to tissue harvest and limited availability. Developing an alternative vessel for use for the treatment of small diameter vessel diseases can potentially increase the success rate of autologous vascular grafting by eliminating complications related to the use of autologous vessel and increased availability. This manuscript demonstrates the potential of non-antigenic extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds derived from xenogeneic vascular tissue as off-the-shelf vascular grafts for the treatment of small diameter vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan F Lopera Giraldo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Clínica Las Américas, Antioquia, Dg. 75B ##2A-80/140, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Tiffany L Sarrafian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Leigh G Griffiths
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Fazal F, Raghav S, Callanan A, Koutsos V, Radacsi N. Recent advancements in the bioprinting of vascular grafts. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34102613 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the bioinks and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting methods used to fabricate vascular constructs are summarized herein. Critical biomechanical properties required to fabricate an ideal vascular graft are highlighted, as well as various testing methods have been outlined to evaluate the bio-fabricated grafts as per the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) guidelines. Occlusive artery disease and cardiovascular disease are the major causes of death globally. These diseases are caused by the blockage in the arteries, which results in a decreased blood flow to the tissues of major organs in the body, such as the heart. Bypass surgery is often performed using a vascular graft to re-route the blood flow. Autologous grafts represent a gold standard for such bypass surgeries; however, these grafts may be unavailable due to the previous harvesting or possess a poor quality. Synthetic grafts serve well for medium to large-sized vessels, but they fail when used to replace small-diameter vessels, generally smaller than 6 mm. Various tissue engineering approaches have been used to address the urgent need for vascular graft that can withstand hemodynamic blood pressure and has the ability to grow and remodel. Among these approaches, 3D bioprinting offers an attractive solution to construct patient-specific vessel grafts with layered biomimetic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Fazal
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, EH9 3FB Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, (New Campus) Pakistan
| | - Sakshika Raghav
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, EH9 3FB Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Callanan
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, EH9 3JL Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vasileios Koutsos
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, EH9 3FB Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Radacsi
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, EH9 3FB Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Fazal F, Diaz Sanchez FJ, Waqas M, Koutsos V, Callanan A, Radacsi N. A modified 3D printer as a hybrid bioprinting-electrospinning system for use in vascular tissue engineering applications. Med Eng Phys 2021; 94:52-60. [PMID: 34303502 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is a high demand for small diameter vascular grafts having mechanical and biological properties similar to that of living tissues. Tissue-engineered vascular grafts using current methods have often failed due to the mismatch of mechanical properties between the implanted graft and living tissues. To address this limitation, a hybrid bioprinting-electrospinning system is developed for vascular tissue engineering applications. The setup is capable of producing layered structure from electrospun fibres and cell-laden hydrogel. A Creality3D Ender 3D printer has been modified into a hybrid setup having one bioprinting head and two electrospinning heads. Fortus 250mc and Flashforge Creator Pro 3D printers were used to print parts using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) polymers. An Arduino mega 2560 and a Ramps 1.4 controller board were selected to control the functions of the hybrid bioprinting setup. The setup was tested successfully to print a tubular construct around a rotating needle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Fazal
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, United Kingdom; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, (new campus) Pakistan.
| | - Francisco Javier Diaz Sanchez
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, United Kingdom.
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, United Kingdom.
| | - Vasileios Koutsos
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, United Kingdom.
| | - Anthony Callanan
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, United Kingdom.
| | - Norbert Radacsi
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, United Kingdom.
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11
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Massaro MS, Pálek R, Rosendorf J, Červenková L, Liška V, Moulisová V. Decellularized xenogeneic scaffolds in transplantation and tissue engineering: Immunogenicity versus positive cell stimulation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112203. [PMID: 34225855 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Seriously compromised function of some organs can only be restored by transplantation. Due to the shortage of human donors, the need to find another source of organs is of primary importance. Decellularized scaffolds of non-human origin are being studied as highly potential biomaterials for tissue engineering. Their biological nature and thus the ability to provide a naturally-derived environment for human cells to adhere and grow highlights their great advantage in comparison to synthetic scaffolds. Nevertheless, since every biomaterial implanted in the body generates immune reaction, studying the interaction of the scaffold with the surrounding tissues is necessary. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the immunogenicity of semi-xenografts involved in transplantation. Moreover, positive aspects of the interaction between xenogeneic scaffold and human cells are discussed, focusing on specific roles of proteins associated with extracellular matrix in cell adhesion and signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania Massaro
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Pálek
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jáchym Rosendorf
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Červenková
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Liška
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Moulisová
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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12
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Cai Q, Liao W, Xue F, Wang X, Zhou W, Li Y, Zeng W. Selection of different endothelialization modes and different seed cells for tissue-engineered vascular graft. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2557-2568. [PMID: 33665496 PMCID: PMC7887299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) have enormous potential for vascular replacement therapy. However, thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia are important problems associated with TEVGs especially small diameter TEVGs (<6 mm) after transplantation. Endothelialization of TEVGs is a key point to prevent thrombosis. Here, we discuss different types of endothelialization and different seed cells of tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Meanwhile, endothelial heterogeneity is also discussed. Based on it, we provide a new perspective for selecting suitable types of endothelialization and suitable seed cells to improve the long-term patency rate of tissue-engineered vascular grafts with different diameters and lengths. The material, diameter and length of tissue-engineered vascular graft are all key factors affecting its long-term patency. Endothelialization strategies should consider the different diameters and lengths of tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Cell heterogeneity and tissue heterogeneity should be considered in the application of seed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjin Cai
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wanshan Liao
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fangchao Xue
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Weiming Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanzhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing, China.,Departments of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Yong U, Lee S, Jung S, Jang J. Interdisciplinary approaches to advanced cardiovascular tissue engineering: ECM-based biomaterials, 3D bioprinting, and its assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/abb211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Removal of an abluminal lining improves decellularization of human umbilical arteries. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10556. [PMID: 32601366 PMCID: PMC7324607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The decellularization of long segments of tubular tissues such as blood vessels may be improved by perfusing decellularization solution into their lumen. Particularly, transmural flow that may be introduced by the perfusion, if any, is beneficial to removing immunogenic cellular components in the vessel wall. When human umbilical arteries (HUAs) were perfused at a transmural pressure, however, very little transmural flow was observed. We hypothesized that a watertight lining at the abluminal surface of HUAs hampered the transmural flow and tested the hypothesis by subjecting the abluminal surface to enzyme digestion. Specifically, a highly viscous collagenase solution was applied onto the surface, thereby restricting the digestion to the surface. The localized digestion resulted in a water-permeable vessel without damaging the vessel wall. The presence of the abluminal lining and its successful removal were also supported by evidence from SEM, TEM, and mechanical testing. The collagenase-treated HUAs were decellularized with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution under either rotary agitation, simple perfusion, or pressurized perfusion. Regardless of decellularization conditions, the decellularization of HUAs was significantly enhanced after the abluminal lining removal. Particularly, complete removal of DNA was accomplished in 24 h by pressurized perfusion of the SDS solution. We conclude that the removal of the abluminal lining can improve the perfusion-assisted decellularization.
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15
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Research on alginate-polyacrylamide enhanced amnion hydrogel, a potential vascular substitute material. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:111145. [PMID: 32600732 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although traditional synthetic vascular grafts have good mechanical stability, stenosis and even thrombus can be easily caused at the beginning of transplantation due to the material's procoagulant and low cell adhesion rate. In order to address these problems, by combining acellular amnion gel and polyacrylamide-alginate gel, we gained a composite hydrogel with high elasticity, mechanical stability, high bioactivity and low swelling ratio. The results showed that the composite gel had excellent mechanical strength, resistance to enzymatic degradation and anti-calcification ability. Also, it could significantly inhibit the adhesion, aggregation and activation of platelet and hemolysis. What is more, this composite hydrogel could significantly promote the adhesion and proliferation of ECs, as well as inducing the migration of ECs to the surface of the hydrogel. It could also stimulate the secretion of NO and PGI2 from seeded HUVECs, which were important factors involved in vascular remodelling and repair. All the results indicated that prepared AlgSr/PAM-AM hydrogel was an excellent biomaterial with properties for potential use in vascular repair.
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16
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Lopera Higuita M, Griffiths LG. Antigen removal process preserves function of small diameter venous valved conduits, whereas SDS-decellularization results in significant valvular insufficiency. Acta Biomater 2020; 107:115-128. [PMID: 32151701 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic venous disease (CVD) is the most common reported chronic condition in the United States, affecting more than 25 million Americans. Regardless of its high occurrence, current therapeutic options are far from ideal due to their palliative nature. For best treatment outcomes, challenging cases of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) are treated by repair or replacement of venous valves. Regrettably, the success of venous valve transplant is dependent on the availability of autologous venous valves and hindered by the possibility of donor site complications and increased patient morbidity. Therefore, the use of alternative tissue sources to provide off-the-shelf venous valve replacements has potential to be extremely beneficial to the field of CVI. This manuscript demonstrates the capability of producing off-the-shelf fully functional venous valved extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold conduits from bovine saphenous vein (SV), using an antigen removal (AR) method. AR ECM scaffolds maintained native SV structure-function relationships and associated venous valves function. Conversely, SDS decellularization caused significant changes to the collagen and elastin macromolecular structures, resulting in collagen fibril merging, elimination of fibril crimp, amalgaming collagen fibers and fragmentation of the inner elastic lamina. ECM changes induced by SDS decellularization resulted in significant venous valve dysfunction. Venous valved conduits generated using the AR approach have potential to serve as off-the-shelf venous valve replacements for CVI. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Retention of the structure and composition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins within xenogeneic scaffolds for tissue engineering is of crucial importance, due to the undeniable effect ECM proteins can impose on repopulating cells and function of the resultant biomaterial. This manuscript demonstrates that alteration or elimination of ECM proteins via commonly utilized decellularization approach results in complete disruption of venous valve function. Conversely, retention of the delicate ECM structure and composition of native venous tissue, using an antigen removal tissue processing method, results in preservation of native venous valve function.
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17
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Fusaro L, Calvo Catoira M, Ramella M, Sacco Botto F, Talmon M, Fresu LG, Hidalgo-Bastida A, Boccafoschi F. Polylysine Enriched Matrices: A Promising Approach for Vascular Grafts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:281. [PMID: 32318560 PMCID: PMC7147808 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of death in developed countries. Modern surgical methods show poor efficiency in the substitution of small-diameter arteries (<6 mm). Due to the difference in mechanical properties between the native artery and the substitute, the behavior of the vessel wall is a major cause of inefficient substitutions. The use of decellularized scaffolds has shown optimal prospects in different applications for regenerative medicine. The purpose of this work was to obtain polylysine-enriched vascular substitutes, derived from decellularized porcine femoral and carotid arteries. Polylysine acts as a matrix cross-linker, increasing the mechanical resistance of the scaffold with respect to decellularized vessels, without altering the native biocompatibility and hemocompatibility properties. The biological characterization showed an excellent biocompatibility, while mechanical tests displayed that the Young's modulus of the polylysine-enriched matrix was comparable to native vessel. Burst pressure test demonstrated strengthening of the polylysine-enriched matrix, which can resist to higher pressures with respect to native vessel. Mechanical analyses also show that polylysine-enriched vessels presented minimal degradation compared to native. Concerning hemocompatibility, the performed analyses show that polylysine-enriched matrices increase coagulation time, with respect to commercial Dacron vascular substitutes. Based on these findings, polylysine-enriched decellularized vessels resulted in a promising approach for vascular substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fusaro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy.,Tissuegraft srl, Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Calvo Catoira
- Tissuegraft srl, Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases - CAAD, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Martina Ramella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy.,Tissuegraft srl, Novara, Italy
| | - Federico Sacco Botto
- Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Talmon
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Luigia Grazia Fresu
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Araida Hidalgo-Bastida
- Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Surface Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy.,Tissuegraft srl, Novara, Italy
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18
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Li J, Cai Z, Cheng J, Wang C, Fang Z, Xiao Y, Feng ZG, Gu Y. Characterization of a heparinized decellularized scaffold and its effects on mechanical and structural properties. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:999-1023. [PMID: 32138617 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1736741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Decellularization is a promising approach in tissue engineering to generate small-diameter blood vessels. However, some challenges still exist. We performed two decellularization phases to develop an optimal decellularized scaffold and analyze the relationship between the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and mechanical properties. In decellularization phase I, we tested sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), Triton X-100 (TX100) and trypsin at different concentrations and exposure times. In decellularization phase II, we systematically compared five combined decellularization protocols based on the results of phase I to identify the optimal method. These protocols tested cell removal, ECM preservation, mechanical properties, and residual cytotoxicity. We further immobilized heparin to optimal decellularized scaffolds and determined its anticoagulant activity and mechanical properties. The combined decellularization protocol comprising treatment with 0.5% SDS followed by 1% TX100 could completely remove the cellular contents and preserve the mechanical properties and ECM architecture better. In addition, the heparinized decellularized scaffolds not only had sustained anticoagulant activity, but also similar mechanical properties to native vessels. In conclusion, heparinized decellularized scaffolds represent a promising direction for small-diameter vascular grafts, although further in vivo studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghao Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Guo Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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19
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Lopera Higuita M, Griffiths LG. Small Diameter Xenogeneic Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Vascular Applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 26:26-45. [PMID: 31663438 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, despite the success of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) remains among the most commonly performed cardiac surgical procedures in the United States. Unfortunately, the use of autologous grafts in CABG presents a major clinical challenge as complications due to autologous vessel harvest and limited vessel availability pose a significant setback in the success rate of CABG surgeries. Acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds derived from xenogeneic vascular tissues have the potential to overcome these challenges, as they offer unlimited availability and sufficient length to serve as "off-the-shelf" CABGs. Unfortunately, regardless of numerous efforts to produce a fully functional small diameter xenogeneic ECM scaffold, the combination of factors required to overcome all failure mechanisms in a single graft remains elusive. This article covers the major failure mechanisms of current xenogeneic small diameter vessel ECM scaffolds, and reviews the recent advances in the field to overcome these failure mechanisms and ultimately develop a small diameter ECM xenogeneic scaffold for CABG. Impact Statement Currently, the use of autologous vessel in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is common practice. However, the use of autologous tissue poses significant complications due to tissue harvest and limited availability. Developing an alternative vessel for use in CABG can potentially increase the success rate of CABG surgery by eliminating complications related to the use of autologous vessel. However, this development has been hindered by an array of failure mechanisms that currently have not been overcome. This article describes the currently identified failure mechanisms of small diameter vascular xenogeneic extracellular matrix scaffolds and reviews current research targeted to overcoming these failure mechanisms toward ensuring long-term graft patency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leigh G Griffiths
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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20
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Cheng J, Wang C, Gu Y. Combination of freeze-thaw with detergents: A promising approach to the decellularization of porcine carotid arteries. Biomed Mater Eng 2019; 30:191-205. [PMID: 30741667 DOI: 10.3233/bme-191044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, , P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, , P.R. China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, , P.R. China
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21
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Fazekas G, Benkő L, Kasza G, Arató E, Sínay L, Jávor S, Nagy T, Hardi P, Kollár L, Jancsó G, Menyhei G. Histological and Mechanical Assessment of Decellularized Porcine Biografts, and Its Biological Evaluation following Aortic Implantation during Mid-Term Follow-Up. J Vasc Res 2018; 55:287-298. [PMID: 30231254 DOI: 10.1159/000491929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Prosthetic graft infection frequently requires graft replacement. Among other options, a biological graft could serve as an alternative choice. Decellularization reduces tissue immunogenicity. Our aim was to determine an efficient decellularization method and to evaluate the decellularized porcine biografts' adaptability. METHODS Four different protocols were implemented to decellularize porcine aortic segments (n = 4). Cell removal effectiveness and matrix structure preservation were histologically examined. Mechanical tests were performed. Decellularized porcine grafts were interpositioned in a porcine aorta. After a 6-month period, implanted samples were removed and evaluated using light and electron microscopy. RESULTS Histological results showed complete removal of cells and preserved connective tissue fiber structure following decellularization, using sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium azide. Pressure tests demonstrated similar compliance to fresh vessels. In 9 out of 10 cases, pigs survived the follow-up period. Graft rejection, intimal hyperplasia, reocclusion and/or aneurysm formation were not observed. Presence of host cells and neoendothelialization were microscopically confirmed. CONCLUSIONS This decellularization protocol enables a cost-effective preparation of biological grafts featuring reduced immunogenicity. The implanted grafts did not degenerate during the 6-month follow-up period, the lack of graft rejection suggests acceptable immunological tolerance, while recipient cells migrate into, proliferate and differentiate, thus creating the possibility for further use as an optional vascular graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Fazekas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs,
| | - László Benkő
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kasza
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Endre Arató
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Sínay
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szaniszló Jávor
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hardi
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kollár
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Menyhei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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22
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In Vivo Performance of Decellularized Vascular Grafts: A Review Article. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072101. [PMID: 30029536 PMCID: PMC6073319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to poor vessel quality in patients with cardiovascular diseases, there has been an increased demand for small-diameter tissue-engineered blood vessels that can be used as replacement grafts in bypass surgery. Decellularization techniques to minimize cellular inflammation have been applied in tissue engineering research for the development of small-diameter vascular grafts. The biocompatibility of allogenic or xenogenic decellularized matrices has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Both short-term and long-term preclinical studies are crucial for evaluation of the in vivo performance of decellularized vascular grafts. This review offers insight into the various preclinical studies that have been performed using decellularized vascular grafts. Different strategies, such as surface-modified, recellularized, or hybrid vascular grafts, used to improve neoendothelialization and vascular wall remodeling, are also highlighted. This review provides information on the current status and the future development of decellularized vascular grafts.
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23
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Li X, Liu L, Zhang X, Xu T. Research and development of 3D printed vasculature constructs. Biofabrication 2018; 10:032002. [PMID: 29637901 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aabd56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Artificial blood vessels must be strong, flexible, and must not lead to blockage after implantation. It is therefore important to select an appropriate fabrication process for products to meet these requirements. This review discusses the current methods for making artificial blood vessels, focusing on fabrication principle, materials, and applications. Among these methods, 3D printing is very promising since it has the unique capability to make complicated three-dimensional structures with multiple types of materials, and can be completely digitalized. Therefore, new developments in 3D printing of artificial blood vessels are also summarized here. This review provides a reference for the fusion of multiple processes and further improvement of artificial blood vessel fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinda Li
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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24
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Assessment of static and perfusion methods for decellularization of PCL membrane-supported periodontal ligament cell sheet constructs. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 88:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Wang F, Zhang J, Wang R, Gu Y, Li J, Wang C. Triton X-100 combines with chymotrypsin: A more promising protocol to prepare decellularized porcine carotid arteries. Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 28:531-543. [PMID: 28854493 DOI: 10.3233/bme-171694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases are increasing in recent years. To solve these problems, vascular transplantation has become a common approach. Decellularization has been a hot spot of tissue engineering to prepare vessel substitutes for vascular transplantation. However, there is no established canonical protocol for decellularization thus far. OBJECTIVE To further understand the decellularization effect of decellularization protocols and the causal relationship between decellularization and mechanical properties. METHODS Three decellularization protocols including two chemical protocols based on SDS and Trypsin respectively and a combination of Triton X-100 with chymotrypsin were adopted to obtain decellularized porcine carotid arteries in our study. After decellularization, histological analysis, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical tests were performed to evaluate their efficiency on removing of cellular components, retention of extracellular matrix and influence on mechanical properties. RESULTS All these decellularization protocols used in our study were efficient to remove cellular components. However, SDS and trypsin performed more disruptive effect on ECM structure and mechanical properties of native arteries while Triton X-100 combines with chymotrypsin had no significant disruptive effect. CONCLUSIONS Compared with decellularization protocols based on SDS and trypsin, Triton X-100 combines with chymotrypsin used in our study may be a more promising protocol to prepare decellularized porcine carotid arteries for vascular tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Vascular Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Vascular Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Vascular Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Vascular Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Vascular Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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26
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Improving in vivo outcomes of decellularized vascular grafts via incorporation of a novel extracellular matrix. Biomaterials 2017; 141:63-73. [PMID: 28667900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Each year, hundreds of thousands coronary bypass procedures are performed in the US, yet there currently exists no off-the-shelf alternative to autologous vessel transplant. In the present study, we investigated the use of mouse thrombospondin-2 knockout (TSP2 KO) cells, which secrete a non-thrombogenic and pro-migratory extracellular matrix (TSP2 KO ECM), to modify small diameter vascular grafts. To accomplish this, we first optimized the incorporation of TSP2 KO ECM on decellularized rat aortas. Because MMP levels are known to be elevated in TSP2 KO cell culture, it was necessary to probe the effect of the modification process on the graft's mechanical properties. However, no differences were found in suture retention, Young's modulus, or ultimate tensile strength between modified and unmodified grafts. Platelet studies were then performed to determine the time point at which the TSP2 KO ECM sufficiently reduced thrombogenicity. Finally, grafts modified by either TSP2 KO or WT cells or unmodified grafts, were implanted in an abdominal aortic interposition model in rats. After 4 weeks, grafts with incorporated TSP2 KO ECM showed improved endothelial and mural cell recruitment, and a decreased failure rate compared to control grafts. Therefore, our studies show that TSP2 KO ECM could enable the production of off-the-shelf vascular grafts while promoting reconstruction of native vessels.
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27
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López-Ruiz E, Venkateswaran S, Perán M, Jiménez G, Pernagallo S, Díaz-Mochón JJ, Tura-Ceide O, Arrebola F, Melchor J, Soto J, Rus G, Real PJ, Diaz-Ricart M, Conde-González A, Bradley M, Marchal JA. Poly(ethylmethacrylate-co-diethylaminoethyl acrylate) coating improves endothelial re-population, bio-mechanical and anti-thrombogenic properties of decellularized carotid arteries for blood vessel replacement. Sci Rep 2017; 7:407. [PMID: 28341826 PMCID: PMC5412652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized vascular scaffolds are promising materials for vessel replacements. However, despite the natural origin of decellularized vessels, issues such as biomechanical incompatibility, immunogenicity risks and the hazards of thrombus formation, still need to be addressed. In this study, we coated decellularized vessels obtained from porcine carotid arteries with poly (ethylmethacrylate-co-diethylaminoethylacrylate) (8g7) with the purpose of improving endothelial coverage and minimizing platelet attachment while enhancing the mechanical properties of the decellularized vascular scaffolds. The polymer facilitated binding of endothelial cells (ECs) with high affinity and also induced endothelial cell capillary tube formation. In addition, platelets showed reduced adhesion on the polymer under flow conditions. Moreover, the coating of the decellularized arteries improved biomechanical properties by increasing its tensile strength and load. In addition, after 5 days in culture, ECs seeded on the luminal surface of 8g7-coated decellularized arteries showed good regeneration of the endothelium. Overall, this study shows that polymer coating of decellularized vessels provides a new strategy to improve re-endothelialization of vascular grafts, maintaining or enhancing mechanical properties while reducing the risk of thrombogenesis. These results could have potential applications in improving tissue-engineered vascular grafts for cardiovascular therapies with small caliber vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena López-Ruiz
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Macarena Perán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gema Jiménez
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Salvatore Pernagallo
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Juan J Díaz-Mochón
- Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Arrebola
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Melchor
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada, Politécnico de Fuentenueva, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Soto
- Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada, Politécnico de Fuentenueva, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Rus
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada, Politécnico de Fuentenueva, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro J Real
- Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - María Diaz-Ricart
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, Hospital Clinic, Centre de Diagnostic Biomedic (CDB), Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Juan A Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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28
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Pu L, Wu J, Pan X, Hou Z, Zhang J, Chen W, Na Z, Meng M, Ni H, Wang L, Li Y, Jiang L. Determining the optimal protocol for preparing an acellular scaffold of tissue engineered small-diameter blood vessels. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:619-631. [PMID: 28271637 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although detergent-based decellularization protocols have been widely used to obtain a natural extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold in tissue engineering, some key challenges still exist. To achieve an optimum natural decellularized scaffold for the construction of tissue-engineered small-diameter blood vessels (TEBV), porcine carotid arteries (PCAs) were decellularized by combining sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and Triton X-100 (Triton) in different concentrations. Tissue samples were processed and their histological, biochemical and biomechanical characteristics were investigated. Results showed that only two methods 0.5% (SDS + SDC) and 1% (SDS + SDC) could completely remove of the cellular contents and preserve the native ECM architecture. Furthermore, 1% (SDS + SDC) based methods acquire preferable porosity and suitable mechanical strength. Residual Triton in the ECM scaffold holds intensive cytotoxity. In conclusion, 1%(SDS + SDC) based method can obtain a superior PCAs scaffold for the construction of TEBV. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 619-631, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Surgery, Institution of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingna Pan
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongliu Hou
- Central Laboratory, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmin Chen
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Surgery, Institution of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuhui Na
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Surgery, Institution of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyao Meng
- Central Laboratory, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Ni
- Department of Pathology, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxiong Li
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Surgery, Institution of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Surgery, Institution of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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29
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Elmashhady HH, Kraemer BA, Patel KH, Sell SA, Garg K. Decellularized extracellular matrices for tissue engineering applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/esp-2017-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDecellularization removes cellular antigens while preserving the ultrastructure and composition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Decellularized ECM (DECM) scaffolds have been widely used in various tissue engineering applications with varying levels of success. The mechanical, architectural and bioactive properties of a DECM scaffold depend largely on the method of decellularization and dictate its clinical efficacy. This article highlights the advantages and challenges associated with the clinical use of DECM scaffolds. Poor mechanical strength is a significant disadvantage of some DECM scaffolds in the repair of load-bearing tissues as well as critical-size defects, where long-term mechanical support is required for the regenerating tissue. Combining DECM scaffolds with synthetic biocompatible polymers could provide a useful strategy to circumvent the issues of poor mechanical stability. This article reviews studies that have combined DECM scaffolds from various tissues with synthetic polymers to create hybrid scaffolds using electrospinning. These hybrid scaffolds provide a mechanical backbone while retaining the bioactive properties of DECM, thus offering a significant advantage for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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30
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Wang F, Guan X, Wu T, Qiao J, Han Z, Wu J, Yu X, You Q. Acellular Endocardium as a Novel Biomaterial for the Intima of Tissue-Engineered Small-Caliber Vascular Grafts. Artif Organs 2016; 40:E253-E265. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai
| | - TianYi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - JianOu Qiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - ZhaoQing Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - JinLong Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai
| | - XiaoWei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai
| | - QingJun You
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery; Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University; Wuxi China
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31
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Gong W, Lei D, Li S, Huang P, Qi Q, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, You Z, Ye X, Zhao Q. Hybrid small-diameter vascular grafts: Anti-expansion effect of electrospun poly ε-caprolactone on heparin-coated decellularized matrices. Biomaterials 2015; 76:359-70. [PMID: 26561933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) (D < 6 mm) are increasingly needed in clinical settings for cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery and peripheral vascular pathologies. Vessels made from synthetic polymers have shortcomings such as thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia, calcification, chronic inflammation and no growth potential. Decellularized xenografts are commonly used as a tissue-engineering substitute for vascular reconstructive procedures. Although acellular allogeneic vascular grafts have good histocompatibility and antithrombotic properties, the decellularization process may damage the biomechanics and accelerate the elastin deformation and degradation, finally resulting in vascular graft expansion and even aneurysm formation. Here, to address these problems, we combine synthetic polymers with natural decellularized small-diameter vessels to fabricate hybrid tissue-engineered vascular grafts (HTEV). The donor aortic vessels were decellularized with a combination of different detergents and dehydrated under a vacuum freeze-drying process. Polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers were electrospun (ES) outside the acellular aortic vascular grafts to strengthen the decellularized matrix. The intimal surfaces of the hybrid small-diameter vascular grafts were coated with heparin before the allograft transplantation. Histopathology and scanning electron microscope revealed that the media of the decellularized vessels were severely injured. Mechanical testing of scaffolds showed that ES-PCL significantly enhanced the biomechanics of decellularized vessels. Vascular ultrasound and micro-CT angiography showed that all grafts after implantation in a rat model were satisfactorily patent for up to 6 weeks. ES-PCL successfully prevented the occurrence of vasodilation and aneurysm formation after transplantation and reduced the cell inflammatory infiltration. In conclusion, the HTEV with perfect histocompatibility and biomechanics provide a facile and useful technique for the development of SDVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Gong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dong Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Quan Qi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Xiaofeng Ye
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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Tissue engineered scaffolds for an effective healing and regeneration: reviewing orthotopic studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:398069. [PMID: 25250319 PMCID: PMC4163448 DOI: 10.1155/2014/398069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It is commonly stated that tissue engineering is the most promising approach to treat or replace failing tissues/organs. For this aim, a specific strategy should be planned including proper selection of biomaterials, fabrication techniques, cell lines, and signaling cues. A great effort has been pursued to develop suitable scaffolds for the restoration of a variety of tissues and a huge number of protocols ranging from in vitro to in vivo studies, the latter further differentiating into several procedures depending on the type of implantation (i.e., subcutaneous or orthotopic) and the model adopted (i.e., animal or human), have been developed. All together, the published reports demonstrate that the proposed tissue engineering approaches spread toward multiple directions. The critical review of this scenario might suggest, at the same time, that a limited number of studies gave a real improvement to the field, especially referring to in vivo investigations. In this regard, the present paper aims to review the results of in vivo tissue engineering experimentations, focusing on the role of the scaffold and its specificity with respect to the tissue to be regenerated, in order to verify whether an extracellular matrix-like device, as usually stated, could promote an expected positive outcome.
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Tuan-Mu HY, Yu CH, Hu JJ. On the decellularization of fresh or frozen human umbilical arteries: implications for small-diameter tissue engineered vascular grafts. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 42:1305-18. [PMID: 24682764 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most tissues, including those to be decellularized for tissue engineering applications, are frozen for long term preservation. Such conventional cryopreservation has been shown to alter the structure and mechanical properties of tissues. Little is known, however, how freezing affects decellularization of tissues. The purpose of this study was two-fold: to examine the effects of freezing on decellularization of human umbilical arteries (HUAs), which represent a potential scaffolding material for small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts, and to examine how decellularization affects the mechanical properties of frozen HUAs. Among many decellularization methods, hypotonic sodium dodecyl sulfate solution was selected as the decellularizing agent and tested on fresh HUAs to optimize decellularization conditions. The efficiency of decellularization was evaluated by DNA assay and histology every 12 up to 48 h. The optimized decellularization protocol was then performed on frozen HUAs. The stiffness, burst pressure, and suture retention strength of fresh HUAs and frozen HUAs before and after decellularization were also examined. It appeared that freezing decreased the efficiency of decellularization, which may be attributed to the condensed extracellular matrix caused by freezing. While the stiffness of fresh HUAs did not change significantly after decellularization, decellularization reduced the compliance of frozen HUAs. Interestingly, the stiffness of decellularized frozen HUAs was similar to that of decellularized fresh HUAs. Although little difference in stiffness was observed, we suggest avoiding freezing if more efficient and complete decellularization is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Yi Tuan-Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, #1 University Rd., Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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Abstract
In this Editor's Review, articles published in 2013 are organized by category and briefly summarized. We aim to provide a brief reflection of the currently available worldwide knowledge that is intended to advance and better human life while providing insight for continued application of technologies and methods of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration. As the official journal of The International Federation for Artificial Organs, The International Faculty for Artificial Organs, the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps, the International Society for Pediatric Mechanical Cardiopulmonary Support, and the Vienna International Workshop on Functional Electrical Stimulation, Artificial Organs continues in the original mission of its founders "to foster communications in the field of artificial organs on an international level". Artificial Organs continues to publish developments and clinical applications of artificial organ technologies in this broad and expanding field of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration from all over the world. We take this time also to express our gratitude to our authors for offering their work to this journal. We offer our very special thanks to our reviewers who give so generously of time and expertise to review, critique, and especially provide so meaningful suggestions to the author's work whether eventually accepted or rejected and especially to those whose native tongue is not English. Without these excellent and dedicated reviewers the quality expected from such a journal could not be possible. We also express our special thanks to our Publisher, Wiley Periodicals, for their expert attention and support in the production and marketing of Artificial Organs. We look forward to recording further advances in the coming years.
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Remlinger NT, Gilbert TW, Yoshida M, Guest BN, Hashizume R, Weaver ML, Wagner WR, Brown BN, Tobita K, Wearden PD. Urinary bladder matrix promotes site appropriate tissue formation following right ventricle outflow tract repair. Organogenesis 2013; 9:149-60. [PMID: 23974174 DOI: 10.4161/org.25394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current prevalence and severity of heart defects requiring functional replacement of cardiac tissue pose a serious clinical challenge. Biologic scaffolds are an attractive tissue engineering approach to cardiac repair because they avoid sensitization associated with homograft materials and theoretically possess the potential for growth in similar patterns as surrounding native tissue. Both urinary bladder matrix (UBM) and cardiac ECM (C-ECM) have been previously investigated as scaffolds for cardiac repair with modest success, but have not been compared directly. In other tissue locations, bone marrow derived cells have been shown to play a role in the remodeling process, but this has not been investigated for UBM in the cardiac location, and has never been studied for C-ECM. The objectives of the present study were to compare the effectiveness of an organ-specific C-ECM patch with a commonly used ECM scaffold for myocardial tissue repair of the right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT), and to examine the role of bone marrow derived cells in the remodeling response. A chimeric rat model in which all bone marrow cells express green fluorescent protein (GFP) was generated and used to show the ability of ECM scaffolds derived from the heart and bladder to support cardiac function and cellular growth in the RVOT. The results from this study suggest that urinary bladder matrix may provide a more appropriate substrate for myocardial repair than cardiac derived matrices, as shown by differences in the remodeling responses following implantation, as well as the presence of site appropriate cells and the formation of immature, myocardial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel T Remlinger
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA USA
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