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Arexis M, Feron G, Brindisi MC, Billot PÉ, Chambaron S. A scoping review of emotion regulation and inhibition in emotional eating and binge-eating disorder: what about a continuum? J Eat Disord 2023; 11:197. [PMID: 37950264 PMCID: PMC10636978 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional eating is defined as a nonpathological eating behavior, whereas binge-eating disorder (BED) is defined as a pathological eating behavior. While different, both share some striking similarities, such as deficits in emotion regulation and inhibition. Previous research has suggested the existence of an "eating continuum" that might reflect the increased severity of overeating behaviors, that is, from nonpathological overeating to BED. The main aims of this scoping review were to explore in the literature the idea of a continuum between emotional eating and BED and to observe whether deficits in emotion regulation and inhibition follow this continuum in terms of severity. The other aims were to hopefully clarify the ill-defined concept of overeating, to question the potential role of positive emotions and to identify potential knowledge gaps. METHOD A systematic scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Two databases (PubMed/Medline and PsycINFO) were examined in complete accordance with the beforehand sharply defined eligibility and exclusion criteria. The main criteria included adults (≥ 18) with emotional eating, BED or overeating and emotion regulation and inhibition as exposure criteria. RESULTS Thirty-two studies were included in this scoping review. If the results showed a link between emotional eating and BED, with the presence of inhibition and emotion regulation deficits in both eating behaviors, no mention of a continuum between emotional eating and BED was found. CONCLUSION In the absence of research directly comparing emotional eating and BED in the same studies and testing the potential increase in severity of emotion regulation and inhibition deficits along this continuum, there is currently no certainty that a continuum exists between emotional eating and BED. In the end, the idea of a continuum in terms of increased severity of overeating and in terms of emotion regulation and inhibition deficits between emotional eating and BED appears to be a gap in knowledge in the literature. This scoping review highlights the need for further research to identify knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahé Arexis
- Centre Des Sciences du Goût Et de L'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
- Université de Franche-Comté, LINC, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Gilles Feron
- Centre Des Sciences du Goût Et de L'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Claude Brindisi
- Centre Des Sciences du Goût Et de L'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
- Centre Spécialisé de L'Obésité Bourgogne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Chambaron
- Centre Des Sciences du Goût Et de L'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
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Salemi E, Mirzazade Z, Dehshiri G, Zahraei S. Sensitivity to punishment and emotional eating: The mediating role of shame and rumination. Psychol Psychother 2022; 95:875-887. [PMID: 35661385 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between sensitivity to punishment (SP) and emotional eating has been previously examined. However, effective variables in this relationship have yet to be recognized. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SP and emotional eating via facets of shame and rumination. DESIGN Serial Mediation model was proposed. METHOD Female university students in Iran (n = 174) completed Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire-Revised and Clarified (SPSRQ-RC), Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ), Experience of Shame Scale (ESS) and Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS). RESULTS SP showed a significant effect on emotional eating. Moreover, we observed that the relationship between SP and emotional eating was separately mediated by shame (general, characterological and bodily shame) and rumination. We further noticed the sequentially mediating role of shame (general, characterological and behavioural shame) and rumination in the relationship between SP and emotional eating. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that high SP can increase the risk of emotional eating through negative emotions (e.g. shame) and disturbed cognitions (e.g. rumination). Therefore, for a better understanding, it seems necessary to consider emotional eating a maladaptive behaviour adopted as a possible result of the impairment of temperamental, emotional and cognitive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Salemi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mirzazade
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehshiri
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Zahraei
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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Sutton CA, L'Insalata AM, Fazzino TL. Reward sensitivity, eating behavior, and obesity-related outcomes: A systematic review. Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113843. [PMID: 35577107 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has identified reward sensitivity as an important factor that may contribute to the engagement in eating behavior (e.g., binge eating, emotional eating, etc.) and increase obesity risk. In the current study, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to determine the relationships between reward sensitivity, eating behavior, and obesity-related outcomes. The study focused on two commonly used measures of reward sensitivity in the literature: the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) and the Behavioral Inhibition Scale/Behavioral Activation Scale (BIS/BAS Scale). METHOD We conducted a systematic search to identify studies that analyzed reward sensitivity as a predictor of eating behavior or obesity-related outcomes, and measured reward sensitivity using the SPSRQ or BIS/BAS Scale. The search yielded N=19 total publications included in the review. RESULTS Findings indicated that reward sensitivity, primarily measured by summary scores on the SPSRQ or BIS/BAS Scale, were positively associated with a variety of eating behaviors and obesity-related outcomes with small to moderate effect sizes. Findings were most consistent across studies that examined the association between reward sensitivity and eating behavior outcomes (e.g., binge eating, emotional eating) (r values= .08 to .41; p values < .001 to p < .05) and food consumption outcomes (e.g., palatable food intake) (r values = .21 to .40; p < .001 to p values < .05). Findings were less consistent for food craving and BMI outcomes, and revealed these relationships may depend on individual-level factors and/or environment-related factors, (e.g., food cues). A quality evaluation using the Critical Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS tool) indicated that most studies were rated as moderate to strong quality (84%). CONCLUSION Findings indicate that elevated reward sensitivity may be a risk factor for engagement in eating behaviors that may increase obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra A Sutton
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66046, United States; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Alexa M L'Insalata
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66046, United States; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Tera L Fazzino
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66046, United States; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
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Barrios L, Stamatovich SN, Simons RM, Simons JS. Reinforcement sensitivity and bulimia symptoms: the role of emotion regulation. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1593-1602. [PMID: 34546555 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) provides a theoretical foundation associated with various approach and avoidance behaviors and individual personality differences. Sensitivity to reward and punishment, two neural systems within the RST have been significantly associated with bingeing and purging behaviors. However, inconsistent findings are observed and specific factors mediating these relationships are not well understood. Deficits in emotion regulation may account for these relationships, as both negative urgency and distress tolerance have been independently associated with bulimia behaviors. Thus, this is an area that requires further investigation. METHOD The current study utilized various self-report inventories, including the Eating Disorder Inventory-3rd Edition to measure bulimia symptoms, as well as measures of negative affect, sensitivity to reward and punishment, distress tolerance, and negative urgency. These measures were used to assess whether distress tolerance and negative urgency mediated associations between sensitivity to reward and punishment and bulimia symptoms in a community sample of 394 young adults ranging from the ages of 18 to 25. RESULTS As expected, sensitivity to reward and punishment were significantly associated with decreased distress tolerance. Distress tolerance was also directly associated with greater negative urgency, which was significantly associated with increased bulimia symptoms. Consistent with hypotheses, indirect associations between sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment to bulimia symptoms via distress tolerance and negative urgency were observed, controlling for gender and negative affect. DISCUSSION Results contribute to understanding specific contributions of risk factors within the relationship of sensitivity to reward and punishment and bulimia symptoms, measured by the EDI-3. Novel to existing literature, results indicate that reinforcement sensitivity significantly contributes to emotion regulation deficits. Thus, these findings may have important implications for understanding the development and treatment of bulimia symptoms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, based on descriptive, cross-sectional data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Barrios
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.
| | | | - Raluca M Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
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Deperrois R, Combalbert N. Study of the links between impulsivity and cognitive emotion regulation strategies according to sex and age in non-clinical adulthood. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Weydmann G, Souzedo FB, Tavares P, Corrêa L, Heidrich H, Holland H, Bizarro L. Parsing the link between reinforcement sensitivity theory and eating behavior: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 134:104525. [PMID: 34998836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) is a widely studied psychobiological model of personality. RST factors seem to influence eating behavior, but how these personality traits are associated with distinct features of eating behavior is still unclear. In the present systematic review, we analyzed the relationship between RST personality factors and eating behavior using a parsing approach in which BMI-related results, self-reported results, and behavioral results were distinguished. Our analysis revealed that reward and punishment sensitivity seem to correlate and influence distinct features of eating behavior. The association between BMI and RST factors was uncertain, but nonlinear associations between reward sensitivity and weight need further testing. Reward sensitivity was linked to most eating behavior phenotypes (e.g., emotional eating and restrained eating), but only punishment sensitivity was primarily correlated with eating pathology. Reward sensitivity was the main factor linked with reactivity to food stimuli on many behavioral measures. The neurobiological personality factors of RST offer parsimonious concepts to understand eating behavior outcomes and the differential relationships observed are useful to translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibson Weydmann
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Bellesia Souzedo
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrice Tavares
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana Corrêa
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heiner Heidrich
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heitor Holland
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Avenida Unisinos 950, 93022-000, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Bizarro
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Cella S, Cipriano A, Aprea C, Cotrufo P. Risk factors for binge eating severity among adolescent girls and boys. A structural equation modeling approach. Appetite 2021; 169:105825. [PMID: 34826528 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parental bonding, low self-esteem, emotion dysregulation, and eating style are correlated with each other and are associated with binge eating among adolescents. However, no studies have yet examined all these variables simultaneously. In the current study, the independent and combined influences of such constructs on binge eating were tested with structural equation modeling. METHOD A sample of 973 students aged between 12 and 16 (M = 14.17, SD = 1.25) years was screened by means of self-report measures assessing parental bonding, self-esteem, emotion dysregulation, eating styles and binge eating severity. RESULTS Self-esteem (β = -0.205) and eating styles (emotional β = 0.313, external β = 0.133, and restrained β = 0.178) had a direct effect on binge eating severity. The model (χ2(22) = 57.679; RMSEA = 0.041; CFI = 0.987; TLI = 0.949; SRMR = 0.024) revealed that the paths from both maternal and paternal care and maternal overprotection to binge eating were mediated through low self-esteem, emotion dysregulation and each eating style, explaining 35% of the variance. DISCUSSION Findings provide support for a comprehensive theoretical-based model of risk factors for binge eating and suggest the possible mechanisms through which the quality of early parental relationships contribute to developing dysfunctional eating patterns. Treatment and prevention efforts should improve self-esteem and emphasize emotion regulation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Cella
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
| | - Annarosa Cipriano
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Cristina Aprea
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Paolo Cotrufo
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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Dialectical Behaviour Therapy Improves Emotion Dysregulation Mainly in Binge Eating Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11090931. [PMID: 34575707 PMCID: PMC8470932 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is a transdiagnostic phenomenon in Eating Disorders (ED), and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) (which was developed for reducing dysregulated emotions in personality disorders) has been employed in patients with ED. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether the effect of DBT was stronger on emotion dysregulation, general psychopathology, and Body Mass Index (BMI) in participants with ED, when compared to a control group (active therapy and waitlist). Eleven studies were identified in a systematic search in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Most studies included participants with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) (n = 8), some with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) (n = 3), and only one with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The pooled effect of DBT indicated a greater improvement in Emotion Regulation (ER) (g = −0.69, p = 0.01), depressive symptoms (g = −0.33, p < 0.00001), ED psychopathology (MD = −0.90, p = 0.005), Objective Binge Episodes (OBE) (MD = −0.27, p = 0.003), and BMI (MD = −1.93, p = 0.01) compared to the control group. No improvement was detected in eating ER following DBT (p = 0.41). DBT demonstrated greater efficacy compared with the control group in improving emotion dysregulation, ED psychopathology, and BMI in ED. The limitations included the small number of studies and high variability.
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Jonker NC, Bennik EC, de Jong PJ. Why Dieters Succeed or Fail: The Relationship Between Reward and Punishment Sensitivity and Restrained Eating and Dieting Success. Front Psychol 2021; 12:636432. [PMID: 34054646 PMCID: PMC8155680 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.636432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study set out to improve our understanding of the characteristics of individuals who are motivated to restrict their food intake yet who nevertheless fail to do so. We examined whether punishment sensitivity (PS) was related to restrained eating, and reward sensitivity (RS) to perceived dieting success. Additionally, it was examined whether executive control (EC) moderates the association between RS and perceived dieting success. METHODS Female student participants (N = 290, aged 17-29, BMI between 18.5 and 38.0) completed questionnaires on restrained eating, perceived dieting success, RS and PS, and carried out a behavioral task to index EC. RESULTS PS was indeed positively related to restrained eating. RS was positively related to perceived dieting success, yet, EC did not moderate this association. CONCLUSION The current study adds to the evidence that PS is related to individuals' motivation to restrict their food intake. Furthermore, it shows support for the suggestion that RS may facilitate food restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke C. Jonker
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) in Spanish Colleges. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239090. [PMID: 33291442 PMCID: PMC7730267 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emotional eating (EE) patterns have been shown to play a relevant role in the development of overweight problems. However, there is a gap in research aimed at validating questionnaires to assess EE in specific populations. The aim of the study was to analyze factor structure and psychometric properties of Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) in Spanish universities. EEQ, state-anxiety subscale of STAI and a questionnaire about health habits were filled out by 295 students. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) by using Unweight Least Squares (ULS) method was carried out. To determine factor numbers we used eigenvalues, parallel analysis, and goodness of fit statistics. Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman correlations were used to analyze reliability, convergent, and concurrent validity. The parallel analysis and goodness of fit statistics showed that unifactorial structure of seven items was the most appropriate what accounted for 57% of the variance. Internal consistency was good (α = 0.753), as well as convergent validity (r = 0.317; p < 0.001). Concurrent validity was significant for three of the five criteria (r = −0.224; p < 0.001 and r = −0.259; p < 0.001). The results suggest some differences in the structure of the psychometric assessment of EE in sub-clinical population in comparison with previous studies carried on with an overweight population, what could be relevant to obesity prevention.
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Jonker NC, Bennik EC, de Jong PJ. Reinforcement sensitivity and restrained eating: the moderating role of executive control. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:321-329. [PMID: 27888468 PMCID: PMC5959999 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE As the prevalence of overweight and obesity are still increasing, it is important to help individuals who encounter difficulty with losing weight. The current study was set out to further investigate characteristics of individuals who are highly motivated to restrict their food intake to lose weight, but fail to do so (i.e., restrained eaters). The motivation to lose weight might stem from high punishment sensitivity, whereas the failure to succeed in restricting food intake might be the result of high reward sensitivity. Thus, it was examined whether restrained eaters are characterized by both high reward sensitivity and high punishment sensitivity. Additionally, this is the first study to examine executive control as a potential moderator of this relationship. METHODS Female undergraduates (N = 60) performed a behavioral measure of executive control, and completed the Restraint Scale to index level of restrained eating as well as two questionnaires on reinforcement sensitivity; the Behavioral Inhibition Scale/Behavioral Activation Scale, and the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire. RESULTS There was a positive relationship between restrained eating and punishment sensitivity as indexed by both questionnaires. Reward sensitivity as measured by both indices was not directly related to restrained eating. Executive control moderated the relation between reward responsivity (but not reward-drive) and restrained eating; specifically in women with relatively weak executive control there was a positive relationship between reward responsivity and restrained eating behavior. CONCLUSION In women with low executive control, restrained eating is associated with both heightened sensitivity to punishment and heightened responsivity to reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke C Jonker
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Elise C Bennik
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J de Jong
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Loxton NJ. The Role of Reward Sensitivity and Impulsivity in Overeating and Food Addiction. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-018-0206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Haynos AF, Wang SB, Fruzzetti AE. Restrictive eating is associated with emotion regulation difficulties in a non-clinical sample. Eat Disord 2018; 26:5-12. [PMID: 29384461 PMCID: PMC6167933 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2018.1418264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and restrictive eating has not been established in non-clinical samples. In this study, undergraduates (n = 98) provided information regarding general and specific emotion regulation difficulties on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and whether they had engaged in recent restrictive eating. Generalized linear models were used to determine if individuals endorsing versus denying recent restrictive eating differed on emotion regulation problems. Results indicated that individuals endorsing restrictive eating had elevated DERS Total (p < .001), Goals (p = .001), Impulse (p < .001), and Strategies (p < .001) scores. Results remained primarily unchanged after controlling for the related construct of dietary restraint. Findings indicate that endorsement of restrictive eating among non-clinical individuals is uniquely associated with emotion regulation deficits, especially those reflecting emotional under-control. Interventions targeting emotion regulation may enhance prevention and treatment of restrictive eating across severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann F Haynos
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Shirley B Wang
- b Department of Psychology , The College of New Jersey , Ewing , NJ , USA
| | - Alan E Fruzzetti
- c Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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