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González-Blanco L, Sierra V, Diñeiro Y, Coto-Montes A, Oliván M. Role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the search for early biomarkers of meat quality. Meat Sci 2023; 203:109224. [PMID: 37253285 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Defects in meat quality such as dark, firm and dry (DFD) beef have been related to high levels of oxidative stress that produce cellular alterations that may affect to the process of meat quality acquisition. Despite the important role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the cellular response to oxidative stress, its function in the muscle-to-meat conversion process has not yet been studied. In this study, differences in muscular antioxidant defense and the unfolded protein response (UPR) of the ER in CONTROL (normal pH24) and dark, firm, and dry (DFD, pH24 ≥ 6.2) beef at 24 h post-mortem were analyzed to understand the changes in the muscle-to-meat conversion process related to meat quality defects. DFD meat showed poor quality, lower antioxidant activity (P < 0.05) and higher UPR activation (P < 0.05), which indicates higher oxidative stress what could partly explain the occurrence of meat quality defects. Therefore, the biomarkers of these cellular processes (IRE1α, ATF6α, and p-eIF2α) are putative biomarkers of meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura González-Blanco
- Área de Sistemas de Producción Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra. AS-267, PK 19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Verónica Sierra
- Área de Sistemas de Producción Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra. AS-267, PK 19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Diñeiro
- Área de Sistemas de Producción Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra. AS-267, PK 19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Mamen Oliván
- Área de Sistemas de Producción Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra. AS-267, PK 19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
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Liu H, Li Y, Xiong J. The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha in Renal Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217318. [PMID: 36364144 PMCID: PMC9657345 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the kidney is maintained at a relatively stable level by a unique and complex functional interplay between renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), oxygen consumption, and arteriovenous oxygen shunting. The vulnerability of this interaction renders the kidney vulnerable to hypoxic injury, leading to different renal diseases. Hypoxia has long been recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI), especially renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Accumulating evidence suggests that hypoxia also plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD-related complications, such as anemia, cardiovascular events, and sarcopenia. In addition, renal cancer is linked to the deregulation of hypoxia pathways. Renal cancer utilizes various molecular pathways to respond and adapt to changes in renal oxygenation. Particularly, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) (including HIF-1, 2, 3) has been shown to be activated in renal disease and plays a major role in the protective response to hypoxia. HIF-1 is a heterodimer that is composed of an oxygen-regulated HIF-1α subunit and a constitutively expressed HIF-1β subunit. In renal diseases, the critical characteristic of HIF-1α is protective, but it also has a negative effect, such as in sarcopenia. This review summarizes the mechanisms of HIF-1α regulation in renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Xiong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-8572-6713
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3
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Wang B, Li ZL, Zhang YL, Wen Y, Gao YM, Liu BC. Hypoxia and chronic kidney disease. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103942. [PMID: 35290825 PMCID: PMC8921539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an inherent pathophysiological characteristic of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is closely associated with the development of renal inflammation and fibrosis, as well as CKD-related complications such as anaemia, cardiovascular events, and sarcopenia. This review outlined the characteristics of oxygen supply in the kidney, changes in oxygen metabolism and factors leading to hypoxia in CKD. Mechanistically, we discussed how hypoxia contributes to renal injury as well as complications associated with CKD. Furthermore, we also discussed the potential therapeutic approaches that target chronic hypoxia, as well as the challenges in the study of oxygen homeostasis imbalance in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zuo-Lin Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Ming Gao
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Moberg M, Apró W, Horwath O, Hall G, Blackwood SJ, Katz A. Acute normobaric hypoxia blunts contraction-mediated mTORC1- and JNK-signaling in human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13771. [PMID: 34984845 PMCID: PMC9285439 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim Hypoxia has been shown to reduce resistance exercise‐induced stimulation of protein synthesis and long‐term gains in muscle mass. However, the mechanism whereby hypoxia exerts its effect is not clear. Here, we examine the effect of acute hypoxia on the activity of several signalling pathways involved in the regulation of muscle growth following a bout of resistance exercise. Methods Eight men performed two sessions of leg resistance exercise in normoxia or hypoxia (12% O2) in a randomized crossover fashion. Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and 0, 90,180 minutes after exercise. Muscle analyses included levels of signalling proteins and metabolites associated with energy turnover. Results Exercise during normoxia induced a 5‐10‐fold increase of S6K1Thr389 phosphorylation throughout the recovery period, but hypoxia blunted the increases by ~50%. Phosphorylation of JNKThr183/Tyr185 and the JNK target SMAD2Ser245/250/255 was increased by 30‐ to 40‐fold immediately after the exercise in normoxia, but hypoxia blocked almost 70% of the activation. Throughout recovery, phosphorylation of JNK and SMAD2 remained elevated following the exercise in normoxia, but the effect of hypoxia was lost at 90‐180 minutes post‐exercise. Hypoxia had no effect on exercise‐induced Hippo or autophagy signalling and ubiquitin‐proteasome related protein levels. Nor did hypoxia alter the changes induced by exercise in high‐energy phosphates, glucose 6‐P, lactate or phosphorylation of AMPK or ACC. Conclusion We conclude that acute severe hypoxia inhibits resistance exercise‐induced mTORC1‐ and JNK signalling in human skeletal muscle, effects that do not appear to be mediated by changes in the degree of metabolic stress in the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Moberg
- Åstrand Laboratory Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - William Apró
- Åstrand Laboratory Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Oscar Horwath
- Åstrand Laboratory Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
| | - Gerrit Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Clinical Biochemistry Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Sarah Joan Blackwood
- Åstrand Laboratory Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
| | - Abram Katz
- Åstrand Laboratory Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
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5
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Rathor R, Suryakumar G, Singh SN. Diet and redox state in maintaining skeletal muscle health and performance at high altitude. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:305-320. [PMID: 34352371 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High altitude exposure leads to compromised physical performance with considerable weight loss. The major stressor at high altitude is hypobaric hypoxia which leads to disturbance in redox homeostasis. Oxidative stress is a well-known trigger for many high altitude illnesses and regulates several key signaling pathways under stressful conditions. Altered redox homeostasis is considered the prime culprit of high altitude linked skeletal muscle atrophy. Hypobaric hypoxia disturbs redox homeostasis through increased RONS production and compromised antioxidant system. Increased RONS disturbs the cellular homeostasis via multiple ways such as inflammation generation, altered protein anabolic pathways, redox remodeling of RyR1 that contributed to dysregulated calcium homeostasis, enhanced protein degradation pathways via activation calcium-regulated protein, calpain, and apoptosis. Ultimately, all the cellular signaling pathways aggregately result in skeletal muscle atrophy. Dietary supplementation of phytochemicals could become a safe and effective intervention to ameliorate skeletal muscle atrophy and enhance the physical performance of the personnel who are staying at high altitude regions. The present evidence-based review explores few dietary supplementations which regulate several signaling mechanisms and ameliorate hypobaric hypoxia induced muscle atrophy and enhances physical performance. However, a clinical research trial is required to establish proof-of-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Som Nath Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
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van Doorslaer de Ten Ryen S, Warnier G, Gnimassou O, Belhaj MR, Benoit N, Naslain D, Brook MS, Smith K, Wilkinson DJ, Nielens H, Atherton PJ, Francaux M, Deldicque L. Higher strength gain after hypoxic vs normoxic resistance training despite no changes in muscle thickness and fractional protein synthetic rate. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21773. [PMID: 34324735 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100654rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute hypoxia has previously been suggested to potentiate resistance training-induced hypertrophy by activating satellite cell-dependent myogenesis rather than an improvement in protein balance in human. Here, we tested this hypothesis after a 4-week hypoxic vs normoxic resistance training protocol. For that purpose, 19 physically active male subjects were recruited to perform 6 sets of 10 repetitions of a one-leg knee extension exercise at 80% 1-RM 3 times/week for 4 weeks in normoxia (FiO2 : 0.21; n = 9) or in hypoxia (FiO2 : 0.135, n = 10). Blood and skeletal muscle samples were taken before and after the training period. Muscle fractional protein synthetic rate was measured over the whole period by deuterium incorporation into the protein pool and muscle thickness by ultrasound. At the end of the training protocol, the strength gain was higher in the hypoxic vs the normoxic group despite no changes in muscle thickness and in the fractional protein synthetic rate. Only early myogenesis, as assessed by higher MyoD and Myf5 mRNA levels, appeared to be enhanced by hypoxia compared to normoxia. No effects were found on myosin heavy chain expression, markers of oxidative metabolism and lactate transport in the skeletal muscle. Though the present study failed to unravel clearly the mechanisms by which hypoxic resistance training is particularly potent to increase muscle strength, it is important message to keep in mind that this training strategy could be effective for all athletes looking at developing and optimizing their maximal muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mehdi R Belhaj
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Benoit
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Damien Naslain
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Matthew S Brook
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniel J Wilkinson
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Henri Nielens
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Agrawal A, Rathor R, Kumar R, Suryakumar G, Singh SN, Kumar B. Redox modification of ryanodine receptor contributes to impaired Ca 2+ homeostasis and exacerbates muscle atrophy under high altitude. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:643-656. [PMID: 32916280 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
At extreme altitude, prolonged and severe hypoxia menaces human function and survival, and also associated with profound loss of muscle mass which results into a debilitating critical illness of skeletal muscle atrophy. Hypobaric hypoxia altered redox homeostasis and impaired calcium ion handling in skeletal muscles. Dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis and activated calpain is the prime stressor in high altitude hypoxia while the reason for subsequent abnormal release of pathological Ca2+ into cytoplasm is largely unexplored. The present study identified the redox remodeling in the Ca2+ release channel, Ryanodine Receptor (RyR1) owing to its hypernitrosylation state in skeletal muscles in chronic hypobaric hypoxia exposed rats. RyR1-hypernitrosylation decreases the binding of FKBP12/calstabin-1 and other complexes from the channel, causing "leakiness" in RyR1 ion-channel. A strong RyR1 stabilizer, S107 enhanced binding affinity of FKBP12 with hypernitrosylated RyR1, reduced Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak and improved muscle strength and function under chronic hypoxia. Administration of S107 inhibited the skeletal muscle damage, maintained ultrastructure of sarcomere and sarcolemmal integrity. Histological analysis proved the increase in cross-sectional area of myofibers. Further, the number of apoptotic cells was also reduced by S107 treatment. Conclusively, we proposed that the redox remodeling of RyR1 (hypernitrosylated-RyR1) might be responsible for dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis which consequently impaired muscle strength and function in response to chronic hypoxic stress. Reduced SR Ca2+ leak and enhanced binding affinity of FKBP12 may provide a novel therapeutic avenue in ameliorating skeletal muscle atrophy at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Agrawal
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Som Nath Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
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8
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Scheuren AC, D'Hulst G, Kuhn GA, Masschelein E, Wehrle E, De Bock K, Müller R. Hallmarks of frailty and osteosarcopenia in prematurely aged PolgA (D257A/D257A) mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1121-1140. [PMID: 32596975 PMCID: PMC7432580 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by increased susceptibility to adverse health outcomes. One major determinant thereof is the gradual weakening of the musculoskeletal system and the associated osteosarcopenia. To improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and, more importantly, to test potential interventions aimed at counteracting frailty, suitable animal models are needed. METHODS To evaluate the relevance of prematurely aged PolgA(D257A/D257A) mice as a model for frailty and osteosarcopenia, we quantified the clinical mouse frailty index in PolgA(D257A/D257A) and wild-type littermates (PolgA(+/+) , WT) with age and concertedly assessed the quantity and quality of bone and muscle tissue. Lastly, the anabolic responsiveness of skeletal muscle, muscle progenitors, and bone was assessed. RESULTS PolgA(D257A/D257A) accumulated health deficits at a higher rate compared with WT, resulting in a higher frailty index at 40 and 46 weeks of age (+166%, +278%, P < 0.0001), respectively, with no differences between genotypes at 34 weeks. Concomitantly, PolgA(D257A/D257A) displayed progressive musculoskeletal deterioration such as reduced bone and muscle mass as well as impaired functionality thereof. In addition to lower muscle weights (-14%, P < 0.05, -23%, P < 0.0001) and fibre area (-20%, P < 0.05, -22%, P < 0.0001) at 40 and 46 weeks, respectively, PolgA(D257A/D257A) showed impairments in grip strength and concentric muscle forces (P < 0.05). PolgA(D257A/D257A) mutation altered the acute response to various anabolic stimuli in skeletal muscle and muscle progenitors. While PolgA(D257A/D257A) muscles were hypersensitive to eccentric contractions as well as leucine administration, shown by larger downstream signalling response of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, myogenic progenitors cultured in vitro showed severe anabolic resistance to leucine and robust impairments in cell proliferation. Longitudinal micro-computed tomography analysis of the sixth caudal vertebrae showed that PolgA(D257A/D257A) had lower bone morphometric parameters (e.g. bone volume fraction, trabecular, and cortical thickness, P < 0.05) as well as reduced remodelling activities (e.g. bone formation and resorption rate, P < 0.05) compared with WT. When subjected to 4 weeks of cyclic loading, young but not aged PolgA(D257A/D257A) caudal vertebrae showed load-induced bone adaptation, suggesting reduced mechanosensitivity with age. CONCLUSIONS PolgA(D257A/D257A) mutation leads to hallmarks of age-related frailty and osteosarcopenia and provides a powerful model to better understand the relationship between frailty and the aging musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gommaar D'Hulst
- Laboratory of Exercise and HealthETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Evi Masschelein
- Laboratory of Exercise and HealthETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Esther Wehrle
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Exercise and HealthETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Serum Autofluorescence and Biochemical Markers in Athlete's Response to Strength Effort in Normobaric Hypoxia: A Preliminary Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5201351. [PMID: 31886223 PMCID: PMC6925827 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5201351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The human organism has the ability to adapt to hypoxia conditions. Training in hypoxia is used in sport to improve the efficiency of athletes; however, type of training affects the direction and scope of this process. Therefore, in this study, the usefulness of serum fluorescence spectroscopy to study the assessment of athlete's response to strength effort in hypoxia is considered in comparison with biochemical assay. Six resistance-trained male subjects took part in a research experiment. They performed barbell squats in simulated normobaric hypoxic conditions with deficiency of oxygen 11.3%, 13% 14.3% compared to 21% in normoxic conditions. Fluorescence intensity of tyrosine revealed high sensitivity on strength effort whereas tryptophan was more dependent on high altitude. Changes in emission in the visible region are associated with altering cell metabolism dependent on high altitude as well as strength training and endurance training. Significant changes in serum fluorescence intensity with relatively weak modifications in biochemical assay at 3000 m above sea level (ASL) were observed. Training at 5000 m ASL caused changes in fluorescence parameters towards the normobaric specific values, and pronounced decreases of lactate level and kinase creatine activity were observed. Such modifications of fluorescence and biochemical assay indicate increased adaptation of the organism to effort in oxygen-deficient conditions at 5000 m ASL, unlike 3000 m ASL. Fluorescence spectroscopy study of serum accompanied by biochemical assay can contribute to the understanding of metabolic regulation and the physiological response to hypoxia. The results of serum autofluorescence during various concepts of altitude training may be a useful method to analyze individual response to acute and chronic hypoxia. An endogenous tryptophan could be exploited as intrinsic biomarker in autofluorescence studies. However, these issues require further research.
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10
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Britto FA, Gnimassou O, De Groote E, Balan E, Warnier G, Everard A, Cani PD, Deldicque L. Acute environmental hypoxia potentiates satellite cell-dependent myogenesis in response to resistance exercise through the inflammation pathway in human. FASEB J 2019; 34:1885-1900. [PMID: 31914659 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902244r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute environmental hypoxia may potentiate muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training but the mechanisms are still unknown. To this end, twenty subjects performed a 1-leg knee extension session (8 sets of 8 repetitions at 80% 1 repetition maximum, 2-min rest between sets) in normoxic or normobaric hypoxic conditions (FiO2 14%). Muscle biopsies were taken 15 min and 4 hours after exercise in the vastus lateralis of the exercised and the non-exercised legs. Blood samples were taken immediately, 2h and 4h after exercise. In vivo, hypoxic exercise fostered acute inflammation mediated by the TNFα/NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 (+333%, +194%, + 163% and +50% respectively) pathway, which has been shown to contribute to satellite cells myogenesis. Inflammation activation was followed by skeletal muscle invasion by CD68 (+63%) and CD197 (+152%) positive immune cells, both known to regulate muscle regeneration. The role of hypoxia-induced activation of inflammation in myogenesis was confirmed in vitro. Acute hypoxia promoted myogenesis through increased Myf5 (+300%), MyoD (+88%), myogenin (+1816%) and MRF4 (+489%) mRNA levels in primary myotubes and this response was blunted by siRNA targeting STAT3. In conclusion, our results suggest that hypoxia could improve muscle hypertrophic response following resistance exercise through IL-6/STAT3-dependent myogenesis and immune cells-dependent muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Britto
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olouyoumi Gnimassou
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
| | - Estelle De Groote
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
| | - Estelle Balan
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
| | - Geoffrey Warnier
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, WELBIO - Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain la Neuve, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, WELBIO - Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain la Neuve, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
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11
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Impact of Very Early Physical Therapy During Septic Shock on Skeletal Muscle: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Crit Care Med 2019; 46:1436-1443. [PMID: 29957714 PMCID: PMC6110624 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: As the catabolic state induced by septic shock together with the physical inactivity of patients lead to the rapid loss of muscle mass and impaired function, the purpose of this study was to test whether an early physical therapy during the onset of septic shock regulates catabolic signals and preserves skeletal muscle mass. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Tertiary mixed ICU. Patients: Adult patients admitted for septic shock within the first 72 hours. Interventions: Patients were assigned randomly into two groups. The control group benefited from manual mobilization once a day. The intervention group had twice daily sessions of both manual mobilization and 30-minute passive/active cycling therapy. Measurements and Main Results: Skeletal muscle biopsies and electrophysiology testing were performed at day 1 and day 7. Muscle biopsies were analyzed for histology and molecular components of signaling pathways regulating protein synthesis and degradation as well as inflammation markers. Hemodynamic values and patient perception were collected during each session. Twenty-one patients were included. Three died before the second muscle biopsy. Ten patients in the control and eight in the intervention group were analyzed. Markers of the catabolic ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, muscle atrophy F-box and muscle ring finger-1 messenger RNA, were reduced at day 7 only in the intervention group, but without difference between groups (muscle atrophy F-box: –7.3% ± 138.4% in control vs –56.4% ± 37.4% in intervention group; p = 0.23 and muscle ring finger-1: –30.8% ± 66.9% in control vs –62.7% ± 45.5% in intervention group; p = 0.15). Muscle fiber cross-sectional area (µm2) was preserved by exercise (–25.8% ± 21.6% in control vs 12.4% ± 22.5% in intervention group; p = 0.005). Molecular regulations suggest that the excessive activation of autophagy due to septic shock was lower in the intervention group, without being suppressed. Markers of anabolism and inflammation were not modified by the intervention, which was well tolerated by the patients. Conclusions: Early physical therapy during the first week of septic shock is safe and preserves muscle fiber cross-sectional area.
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12
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Recent Data on Cellular Component Turnover: Focus on Adaptations to Physical Exercise. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060542. [PMID: 31195688 PMCID: PMC6627613 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has expanded our knowledge of the signaling pathways coordinating muscle protein turnover during various conditions including exercise. In this manuscript, the multiple mechanisms that govern the turnover of cellular components are reviewed, and their overall roles in adaptations to exercise training are discussed. Recent studies have highlighted the central role of the energy sensor (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), forkhead box class O subfamily protein (FOXO) transcription factors and the kinase mechanistic (or mammalian) target of rapamycin complex (MTOR) in the regulation of autophagy for organelle maintenance during exercise. A new cellular trafficking involving the lysosome was also revealed for full activation of MTOR and protein synthesis during recovery. Other emerging candidates have been found to be relevant in organelle turnover, especially Parkin and the mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (Mul1) pathways for mitochondrial turnover, and the glycerolipids diacylglycerol (DAG) for protein translation and FOXO regulation. Recent experiments with autophagy and mitophagy flux assessment have also provided important insights concerning mitochondrial turnover during ageing and chronic exercise. However, data in humans are often controversial and further investigations are needed to clarify the involvement of autophagy in exercise performed with additional stresses, such as hypoxia, and to understand the influence of exercise modality. Improving our knowledge of these pathways should help develop therapeutic ways to counteract muscle disorders in pathological conditions.
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13
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Zhang J, Wei Y, Qu T, Wang Z, Xu S, Peng X, Yan X, Chang H, Wang H, Gao Y. Prosurvival roles mediated by the PERK signaling pathway effectively prevent excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced skeletal muscle loss during high-stress conditions of hibernation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19728-19739. [PMID: 30941772 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Stress conditions like hypoxia, ischemia, and ischemia/reperfusion can trigger excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), which can lead to cell apoptosis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in non-hibernators. However, although hibernators experience multiple stress conditions during hibernation, their skeletal muscles appear to be well protected. We hypothesize that hibernators effectively avoid cell apoptosis, at least partially, by controlling ERS level. Here, we focused on the potential occurrence of ERS and how hibernators cope with it during different hibernation states. Results indicated that the protein expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated PKR-like ER protein kinase, phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), and activating transcription factor 4 were significantly increased during hibernation, but primarily recovered in posthibernation. In the torpor-arousal cycle, the expression levels of the above indicators were lower during inter-bout arousal (IBA) than that during late torpor (LT). However, there was no change in C/EBP homologous protein expression and no apoptosis in skeletal muscles during the different hibernation states. In conclusion, the upregulation of p-eIF2α and GRP78 were identified as two crucial mechanisms mediated by the PERK signaling pathway to alleviate elevated ERS. The downregulation of ERS during IBA may be a unique countermeasure for hibernating squirrels to prevent excessive ERS. Thus, these special anti-excessive ERS abilities of ground squirrels contribute to the prevention of skeletal muscle cell apoptosis during hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ting Qu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shenhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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14
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Gnimassou O, Fernández-Verdejo R, Brook M, Naslain D, Balan E, Sayda M, Cegielski J, Nielens H, Decottignies A, Demoulin JB, Smith K, Atherton PJ, Francaux M, Deldicque L. Environmental hypoxia favors myoblast differentiation and fast phenotype but blunts activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2018; 32:5272-5284. [PMID: 29672220 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800049rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that a single session of resistance exercise performed in moderate hypoxic (FiO2: 14%) environmental conditions would potentiate the anabolic response during the recovery period spent in normoxia. Twenty subjects performed a 1-leg knee extension session in normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Muscle biopsies were taken 15 min and 4 h after exercise in the vastus lateralis of the exercised and the nonexercised legs. Blood and saliva samples were taken at regular intervals before, during, and after the exercise session. The muscle fractional-protein synthetic rate was determined by deuterium incorporation into proteins, and the protein-degradation rate was determined by methylhistidine release from skeletal muscle. We found that: 1) hypoxia blunted the activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise; 2) hypoxia down-regulated the transcriptional program of autophagy; 3) hypoxia regulated the expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism at rest and the genes involved in myoblast differentiation and fusion and in muscle contraction machinery after exercise; and 4) the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway was not activated at the time points studied. Contrary to our hypothesis, environmental hypoxia did not potentiate the short-term anabolic response after resistance exercise, but it initiated transcriptional regulations that could potentially translate into satellite cell incorporation and higher force production in the long term.-Gnimassou, O., Fernández-Verdejo, R., Brook, M., Naslain, D., Balan, E., Sayda, M., Cegielski, J., Nielens, H., Decottignies, A., Demoulin, J.-B., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., Fancaux, M., Deldicque, L. Environmental hypoxia favors myoblast differentiation and fast phenotype but blunts activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olouyomi Gnimassou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matthew Brook
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Damien Naslain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Estelle Balan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mariwan Sayda
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Cegielski
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Henri Nielens
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | - Kenneth Smith
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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15
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Nakajima T, Koide S, Yasuda T, Hasegawa T, Yamasoba T, Obi S, Toyoda S, Nakamura F, Inoue T, Poole DC, Kano Y. Muscle hypertrophy following blood flow-restricted, low-force isometric electrical stimulation in rat tibialis anterior: role for muscle hypoxia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:134-145. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00972.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-force exercise training with blood flow restriction (BFR) elicits muscle hypertrophy as seen typically after higher-force exercise. We investigated the effects of microvascular hypoxia [i.e., low microvascular O2 partial pressures (P mvO2)] during contractions on muscle hypertrophic signaling, growth response, and key muscle adaptations for increasing exercise capacity. Wistar rats were fitted with a cuff placed around the upper thigh and inflated to restrict limb blood flow. Low-force isometric contractions (30 Hz) were evoked via electrical stimulation of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. The P mvO2 was determined by phosphorescence quenching. Rats underwent acute and chronic stimulation protocols. Whereas P mvO2 decreased transiently with 30 Hz contractions, simultaneous BFR induced severe hypoxia, reducing P mvO2 lower than present for maximal (100 Hz) contractions. Low-force electrical stimulation (EXER) induced muscle hypertrophy (6.2%, P < 0.01), whereas control group conditions or BFR alone did not. EXER+BFR also induced an increase in muscle mass (11.0%, P < 0.01) and, unique among conditions studied, significantly increased fiber cross-sectional area in the superficial TA ( P < 0.05). Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 was enhanced by EXER+BFR, as were peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α and glucose transporter 4 protein levels. Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4, monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), and cluster of differentiation 147 increased with EXER alone. EXER+BFR significantly increased MCT1 expression more than EXER alone. These data demonstrate that microvascular hypoxia during contractions is not essential for hypertrophy. However, hypoxia induced via BFR may potentiate the muscle hypertrophic response (as evidenced by the increased superficial fiber cross-sectional area) with increased glucose transporter and mitochondrial biogenesis, which contributes to the pleiotropic effects of exercise training with BFR that culminate in an improved capacity for sustained exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated the effects of low microvascular O2 partial pressures (P mvO2) during contractions on muscle hypertrophic signaling and key elements in the muscle adaptation for increasing exercise capacity. Although demonstrating that muscle hypoxia is not obligatory for the hypertrophic response to low-force, electrically induced muscle contractions, the reduced P mvO2 enhanced ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation and potentiated the hypertrophic response. Furthermore, contractions with blood flow restriction increased oxidative capacity, glucose transporter, and mitochondrial biogenesis, which are key determinants of the pleiotropic effects of exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University and Heart Center, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Koide
- Bioscience and Technology Program, Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yasuda
- School of Nursing, Seirei Christopher University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hasegawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University and Heart Center, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Syotaro Obi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Research Support Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Toyoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University and Heart Center, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Nakamura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Teruo Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University and Heart Center, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - David C. Poole
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Yutaka Kano
- Bioscience and Technology Program, Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Margolis LM, Carbone JW, Berryman CE, Carrigan CT, Murphy NE, Ferrando AA, Young AJ, Pasiakos SM. Severe energy deficit at high altitude inhibits skeletal muscle mTORC1-mediated anabolic signaling without increased ubiquitin proteasome activity. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800163RR. [PMID: 29878853 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800163rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Muscle loss at high altitude (HA) is attributable to energy deficit and a potential dysregulation of anabolic signaling. Exercise and protein ingestion can attenuate the effects of energy deficit on muscle at sea level (SL). Whether these effects are observed when energy deficit occurs at HA is unknown. To address this, muscle obtained from lowlanders ( n = 8 males) at SL, acute HA (3 h, 4300 m), and chronic HA (21 d, -1766 kcal/d energy balance) before [baseline (Base)] and after 80 min of aerobic exercise followed by a 2-mile time trial [postexercise (Post)] and 3 h into recovery (Rec) after ingesting whey protein (25 g) were analyzed using standard molecular techniques. At SL, Post, and REC, p-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)Ser2448, p-p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K)Ser424/421, and p-ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6)Ser235/236 were similar and higher ( P < 0.05) than Base. At acute HA, Post p-mTORSer2448 and Post and REC p-p70S6KSer424/421 were not different from Base and lower than SL ( P < 0.05). At chronic HA, Post and Rec p-mTORSer2448 and p-p70S6KSer424/421 were not different from Base and lower than SL, and, independent of time, p-rpS6Ser235/236 was lower than SL ( P < 0.05). Post proteasome activity was lower ( P < 0.05) than Base and Rec, independent of phase. Our findings suggest that HA exposure induces muscle anabolic resistance that is exacerbated by energy deficit during acclimatization, with no change in proteolysis.-Margolis, L. M., Carbone, J. W., Berryman, C. E., Carrigan, C. T., Murphy, N. E., Ferrando, A. A., Young, A. J., Pasiakos, S. M. Severe energy deficit at high altitude inhibits skeletal muscle mTORC1-mediated anabolic signaling without increased ubiquitin proteasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Margolis
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - John W Carbone
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- School of Health Sciences, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA
| | - Claire E Berryman
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher T Carrigan
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy E Murphy
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arny A Ferrando
- Department of Geriatrics, The Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Donald W. Reynolds Institute of Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Andrew J Young
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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De Smet S, D'Hulst G, Poffé C, Van Thienen R, Berardi E, Hespel P. High-intensity interval training in hypoxia does not affect muscle HIF responses to acute hypoxia in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:847-862. [PMID: 29423544 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The myocellular response to hypoxia is primarily regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIFs thus conceivably are implicated in muscular adaptation to altitude training. Therefore, we investigated the effect of hypoxic versus normoxic training during a period of prolonged hypoxia ('living high') on muscle HIF activation during acute ischaemia. METHODS Ten young male volunteers lived in normobaric hypoxia for 5 weeks (5 days per week, ~ 15.5 h per day, FiO2: 16.4-14.0%). One leg was trained in hypoxia (TRHYP, 12.3% FiO2) whilst the other leg was trained in normoxia (TRNOR, 20.9% FiO2). Training sessions (3 per week) consisted of intermittent unilateral knee extensions at 20-25% of the 1-repetition maximum. Before and after the intervention, a 10-min arterial occlusion and reperfusion of the leg was performed. Muscle oxygenation status was continuously measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Biopsies were taken from m. vastus lateralis before and at the end of the occlusion. RESULTS Irrespective of training, occlusion elevated the fraction of HIF-1α expressing myonuclei from ~ 54 to ~ 64% (P < 0.05). However, neither muscle HIF-1α or HIF-2α protein abundance, nor the expression of HIF-1α or downstream targets selected increased in any experimental condition. Training in both TRNOR and TRHYP raised muscular oxygen extraction rate upon occlusion by ~ 30%, whilst muscle hyperperfusion immediately following the occlusion increased by ~ 25% in either group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Ten minutes of arterial occlusion increased HIF-1α-expressing myonuclei. However, neither normoxic nor hypoxic training during 'living high' altered muscle HIF translocation, stabilisation, or transcription in response to acute hypoxia induced by arterial occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan De Smet
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gommaar D'Hulst
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiel Poffé
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruud Van Thienen
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emanuele Berardi
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hespel
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium. .,Bakala Academy-Athletic Performance Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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18
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Pasiakos SM, Berryman CE, Carrigan CT, Young AJ, Carbone JW. Muscle Protein Turnover and the Molecular Regulation of Muscle Mass during Hypoxia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:1340-1350. [PMID: 28166119 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
: Effects of environmental hypoxia on fat-free mass are well studied. Negative energy balance, increased nitrogen excretion, and fat-free mass loss are commonly observed in lowlanders sojourning at high altitude. Reductions in fat-free mass can be minimized if energy consumption matches energy expenditure. However, in nonresearch settings, achieving energy balance during high-altitude sojourns is unlikely, and myofibrillar protein mass is usually lost, but the mechanisms accounting for the loss of muscle mass are not clear. At sea level, negative energy balance reduces basal and blunts postprandial muscle protein synthesis, with no relevant change in muscle protein breakdown. Downregulations in muscle protein synthesis and loss of fat-free mass during energy deficit at sea level are largely overcome by consuming at least twice the recommended dietary allowance for protein. Hypoxia may increase or not affect resting muscle protein synthesis, blunt postexercise muscle protein synthesis, and markedly increase proteolysis independent of energy status. Hypoxia-induced mTORC1 dysregulation and an upregulation in calpain- and ubiquitin proteasome-mediated proteolysis may drive catabolism in lowlanders sojourning at high altitude. However, the combined effects of energy deficit, exercise, and dietary protein manipulations on the regulation of muscle protein turnover have never been studied at high altitude. This article reviews the available literature related to the effects of high altitude on fat-free mass, highlighting contemporary studies that assessed the influence of altitude exposure (or hypoxia) on muscle protein turnover and intramuscular regulation of muscle mass. Knowledge gaps are addressed, and studies to identify effective and feasible countermeasures to hypoxia-induced muscle loss are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Pasiakos
- 1Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA; 2Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN; and 3School of Health Sciences, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI
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FBXO32 promotes microenvironment underlying epithelial-mesenchymal transition via CtBP1 during tumour metastasis and brain development. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1523. [PMID: 29142217 PMCID: PMC5688138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The set of events that convert adherent epithelial cells into migratory cells are collectively known as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is involved during development, for example, in triggering neural crest migration, and in pathogenesis such as metastasis. Here we discover FBXO32, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, to be critical for hallmark gene expression and phenotypic changes underlying EMT. Interestingly, FBXO32 directly ubiquitinates CtBP1, which is required for its stability and nuclear retention. This is essential for epigenetic remodeling and transcriptional induction of CtBP1 target genes, which create a suitable microenvironment for EMT progression. FBXO32 is also amplified in metastatic cancers and its depletion in a NSG mouse xenograft model inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. In addition, FBXO32 is essential for neuronal EMT during brain development. Together, these findings establish that FBXO32 acts as an upstream regulator of EMT by governing the gene expression program underlying this process during development and disease. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulates both processes of organism development and changes in cell state causing disease. Here, the authors show that an E3 ubiquitin ligase, FBXO32, regulates EMT via CtBP1 and the transcriptional program, and also mediates cancer metastatic burden and neurogenesis.
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20
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De Smet S, van Herpt P, D'Hulst G, Van Thienen R, Van Leemputte M, Hespel P. Physiological Adaptations to Hypoxic vs. Normoxic Training during Intermittent Living High. Front Physiol 2017; 8:347. [PMID: 28620311 PMCID: PMC5449743 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the setting of “living high,” it is unclear whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) should be performed “low” or “high” to stimulate muscular and performance adaptations. Therefore, 10 physically active males participated in a 5-week “live high-train low or high” program (TR), whilst eight subjects were not engaged in any altitude or training intervention (CON). Five days per week (~15.5 h per day), TR was exposed to normobaric hypoxia simulating progressively increasing altitude of ~2,000–3,250 m. Three times per week, TR performed HIIT, administered as unilateral knee-extension training, with one leg in normobaric hypoxia (~4,300 m; TRHYP) and with the other leg in normoxia (TRNOR). “Living high” elicited a consistent elevation in serum erythropoietin concentrations which adequately predicted the increase in hemoglobin mass (r = 0.78, P < 0.05; TR: +2.6%, P < 0.05; CON: −0.7%, P > 0.05). Muscle oxygenation during training was lower in TRHYP vs. TRNOR (P < 0.05). Muscle homogenate buffering capacity and pH-regulating protein abundance were similar between pretest and posttest. Oscillations in muscle blood volume during repeated sprints, as estimated by oscillations in NIRS-derived tHb, increased from pretest to posttest in TRHYP (~80%, P < 0.01) but not in TRNOR (~50%, P = 0.08). Muscle capillarity (~15%) as well as repeated-sprint ability (~8%) and 3-min maximal performance (~10–15%) increased similarly in both legs (P < 0.05). Maximal isometric strength increased in TRHYP (~8%, P < 0.05) but not in TRNOR (~4%, P > 0.05). In conclusion, muscular and performance adaptations were largely similar following normoxic vs. hypoxic HIIT. However, hypoxic HIIT stimulated adaptations in isometric strength and muscle perfusion during intermittent sprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan De Smet
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Paul van Herpt
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Gommaar D'Hulst
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Ruud Van Thienen
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Leemputte
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hespel
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium.,Athletic Performance Center, Bakala Academy, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
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21
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Wandrag L, Siervo M, Riley HL, Khosravi M, Fernandez BO, Leckstrom CA, Martin DS, Mitchell K, Levett DZH, Montgomery HE, Mythen MG, Stroud MA, Grocott MPW, Feelisch M. Does hypoxia play a role in the development of sarcopenia in humans? Mechanistic insights from the Caudwell Xtreme Everest Expedition. Redox Biol 2017; 13:60-68. [PMID: 28570949 PMCID: PMC5451185 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Sarcopenia refers to the involuntary loss of skeletal muscle and is a predictor of physical disability/mortality. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood, although roles for altered hypoxic signaling, oxidative stress, adipokines and inflammatory mediators have been suggested. Sarcopenia also occurs upon exposure to the hypoxia of high altitude. Using data from the Caudwell Xtreme Everest expedition we therefore sought to analyze the extent of hypoxia-induced body composition changes and identify putative pathways associated with fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) loss. Methods After baseline testing in London (75 m), 24 investigators ascended from Kathmandu (1300 m) to Everest base camp (EBC 5300 m) over 13 days. Fourteen investigators climbed above EBC, eight of whom reached the summit (8848 m). Assessments were conducted at baseline, during ascent and after one, six and eight week(s) of arrival at EBC. Changes in body composition (FM, FFM, total body water, intra- and extra-cellular water) were measured by bioelectrical impedance. Biomarkers of nitric oxide and oxidative stress were measured together with adipokines, inflammatory, metabolic and vascular markers. Results Participants lost a substantial, but variable, amount of body weight (7.3±4.9 kg by expedition end; p<0.001). A progressive loss of both FM and FFM was observed, and after eight weeks, the proportion of FFM loss was 48% greater than FM loss (p<0.008). Changes in protein carbonyls (p<0.001) were associated with a decline in FM whereas 4-hydroxynonenal (p<0.001) and IL-6 (p<0.001) correlated with FFM loss. GLP-1 (r=−0.45, p<0.001) and nitrite (r=−0.29, p<0.001) concentration changes were associated with FFM loss. In a multivariate model, GLP-1, insulin and nitrite were significant predictors of FFM loss while protein carbonyls were predicted FM loss. Conclusions The putative role of GLP-1 and nitrite as mediators of the effects of hypoxia on FFM is an intriguing finding. If confirmed, nutritional and pharmacological interventions targeting these pathways may offer new avenues for prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesl Wandrag
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, UK; University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Heather L Riley
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Maryam Khosravi
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, WC1B 6BT, UK
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Carl A Leckstrom
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Daniel S Martin
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, 9th Floor, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Kay Mitchell
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Denny Z H Levett
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, UK
| | - Hugh E Montgomery
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK
| | - Monty G Mythen
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK
| | - Michael A Stroud
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Michael P W Grocott
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK; Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, UK.
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22
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Agrawal A, Rathor R, Suryakumar G. Oxidative protein modification alters proteostasis under acute hypobaric hypoxia in skeletal muscles: a comprehensive in vivo study. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:429-443. [PMID: 28425050 PMCID: PMC5425375 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While numerous maladies are associated with hypobaric hypoxia, muscle protein loss is an important under studied topic. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate the mechanism of muscle protein loss at HH. SD rats were divided into normoxic rats, while remaining rats were exposed to simulated hypoxia equivalent to 282-torr pressure (equal to an altitude of 7620 m, 8% oxygen), at 25 °C for 6, 12, and 24 h. Post-exposure rats were sacrificed and analysis was performed. Ergo, muscle loss-related changes were observed at 12 and 24 h post-HH exposure. An increased reactive oxygen species production and decreased thiol content was observed in HH-exposed rats. This disturbance caused substantial protein oxidative modification in the form of protein carbonyl content and advanced oxidation protein products. The analysis showed increase levels of bityrosine, oxidized tryptophan, lysine conjugate, lysine conjugate with MDA, protein hydroperoxide, and protein-MDA product. These changes were also in agreement with increase in lipid hydroperoxides and MDA content. HSP-70 and HSP-60 were upregulated significantly, and this finding is corroborated with increase in ER stress biomarker, GRP-78. Overloading of cells with misfolded proteins further activated degradative machinery. Consequently, pro-apoptotic signaling cascade, caspase-3, and C/EBP homologous protein were also activated in 24-h HH exposure. Release of tryptophan and tyrosine was also increased with 24-h HH exposure, indicated protein degradation. Elevation in resting intracellular calcium ion, [Ca2+]i, was also observed at 12- and 24-h HH exposure. The present study provides a detailed mechanistic representation of muscle protein loss during HH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Agrawal
- Cellular Biochemistry Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi -54, India
| | - Richa Rathor
- Cellular Biochemistry Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi -54, India.
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Cellular Biochemistry Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi -54, India
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23
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Van Thienen R, Masschelein E, D'Hulst G, Thomis M, Hespel P. Twin Resemblance in Muscle HIF-1α Responses to Hypoxia and Exercise. Front Physiol 2017; 7:676. [PMID: 28149279 PMCID: PMC5241297 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a master regulator of myocellular adaptation to exercise and hypoxia. However, the role of genetic factors in regulation of HIF-1 responses to exercise and hypoxia is unknown. We hypothesized that hypoxia at rest and during exercise stimulates the HIF-1 pathway and its downstream targets in energy metabolism regulation in a genotype-dependent manner. Eleven monozygotic twin (MZ) pairs performed an experimental trial in both normoxia and hypoxia (FiO2 10.7%). Biopsies were taken from m. vastus lateralis before and after a 20-min submaximal cycling bout @~30% of sea-level VO2max. Key-markers of the HIF-1 pathway and glycolytic and oxidative metabolism were analyzed using real-time PCR and Western Blot. Hypoxia increased HIF-1α protein expression by ~120% at rest vs. +150% during exercise (p < 0.05). Furthermore, hypoxia but not exercise increased muscle mRNA content of HIF-1α (+50%), PHD2 (+45%), pVHL (+45%; p < 0.05), PDK4 (+1200%), as well as PFK-M (+20%) and PPAR-γ1 (+60%; p < 0.05). Neither hypoxia nor exercise altered PHD1, LDH-A, PDH-A1, COX-4, and CS mRNA expressions. The hypoxic, but not normoxic exercise-induced increment of muscle HIF-1α mRNA content was about 10-fold more similar within MZ twins than between the twins (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in resting muscle the hypoxia-induced increments of muscle HIF-1α protein content, and HIF-1α and PDK4 mRNA content were about 3-4-fold more homogeneous within than between the twins pairs (p < 0.05). The present observations in monozygotic twins for the first time clearly indicate that the HIF-1α protein as well as mRNA responses to submaximal exercise in acute hypoxia are at least partly regulated by genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud Van Thienen
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evi Masschelein
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gommaar D'Hulst
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Thomis
- Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hespel
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Przygodda F, Manfredi LH, Machado J, Gonçalves DAP, Zanon NM, Bonagamba LGH, Machado BH, Kettelhut ÍC, Navegantes LCC. Acute intermittent hypoxia in rats activates muscle proteolytic pathways through a gluccorticoid-dependent mechanism. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 122:1114-1124. [PMID: 27932681 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00977.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is well known that chronic hypoxia induces muscle wasting, the effects of intermittent hypoxia on skeletal muscle protein metabolism remain unclear. We hypothesized that acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH), a challenge that activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, would alter muscle protein homeostasis through a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism. Three-week-old rats were submitted to adrenalectomy (ADX) and exposed to 8 h of AIH (6% O2 for 40 s at 9-min intervals). Animals were euthanized, and the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were harvested and incubated in vitro for measurements of protein turnover. AIH increased plasma levels of corticosterone and induced insulin resistance as estimated by the insulin tolerance test and lower rates of muscle glucose oxidation and the HOMA index. In both soleus and EDL muscles, rates of overall proteolysis increased after AIH. This rise was accompanied by an increased proteolytic activities of the ubiquitin(Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) and lysosomal and Ca2+-dependent pathways. Furthermore, AIH increased Ub-protein conjugates and gene expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, two key Ub-protein ligases involved in muscle atrophy. In parallel, AIH increased the mRNA expression of the autophagy-related genes LC3b and GABARAPl1. In vitro rates of protein synthesis in skeletal muscles did not differ between AIH and control rats. ADX completely blocked the insulin resistance in hypoxic rats and the AIH-induced activation of proteolytic pathways and atrogene expression in both soleus and EDL muscles. These results demonstrate that AIH induces insulin resistance in association with activation of the UPS, the autophagic-lysosomal process, and Ca2+-dependent proteolysis through a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Since hypoxia is a condition in which the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply and muscle wasting is induced, the present work provides evidence linking hypoxia to proteolysis through a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism. We show that the activation of proteolytic pathways, atrophy-related genes, and insulin resistance in rats exposed to acute intermittent hypoxia was abolished by surgical removal of adrenal gland. This finding will be helpful for understanding of the muscle wasting in hypoxemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Przygodda
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Henrique Manfredi
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Juliano Machado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dawit A P Gonçalves
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Neusa M Zanon
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leni G H Bonagamba
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benedito H Machado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ísis C Kettelhut
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Luiz C C Navegantes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil;
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25
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Gordon BS, Steiner JL, Williamson DL, Lang CH, Kimball SR. Emerging role for regulated in development and DNA damage 1 (REDD1) in the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E157-74. [PMID: 27189933 PMCID: PMC4967146 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00059.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery, the protein regulated in development and DNA damage 1 (REDD1) has been implicated in the cellular response to various stressors. Most notably, its role as a repressor of signaling through the central metabolic regulator, the mechanistic target of rapamycin in complex 1 (mTORC1) has gained considerable attention. Not surprisingly, changes in REDD1 mRNA and protein have been observed in skeletal muscle under various physiological conditions (e.g., nutrient consumption and resistance exercise) and pathological conditions (e.g., sepsis, alcoholism, diabetes, obesity) suggesting a role for REDD1 in regulating mTORC1-dependent skeletal muscle protein metabolism. Our understanding of the causative role of REDD1 in skeletal muscle metabolism is increasing mostly due to the availability of genetically modified mice in which the REDD1 gene is disrupted. Results from such studies provide support for an important role for REDD1 in the regulation of mTORC1 as well as reveal unexplored functions of this protein in relation to other aspects of skeletal muscle metabolism. The goal of this work is to provide a comprehensive review of the role of REDD1 (and its paralog REDD2) in skeletal muscle during both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Gordon
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, The University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida;
| | - Jennifer L Steiner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and
| | - David L Williamson
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Charles H Lang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Scot R Kimball
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and
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26
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D'Hulst G, Ferri A, Naslain D, Bertrand L, Horman S, Francaux M, Bishop DJ, Deldicque L. Fifteen days of 3,200 m simulated hypoxia marginally regulates markers for protein synthesis and degradation in human skeletal muscle. HYPOXIA 2016; 4:1-14. [PMID: 27800505 PMCID: PMC5085286 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia leads to muscle atrophy. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are not well defined in vivo. We sought to determine how chronic hypoxia regulates molecular markers of protein synthesis and degradation in human skeletal muscle and whether these regulations were related to the regulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. Eight young male subjects lived in a normobaric hypoxic hotel (FiO2 14.1%, 3,200 m) for 15 days in well-controlled conditions for nutrition and physical activity. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained in the musculus vastus lateralis before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) hypoxic exposure. Intramuscular hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) protein expression decreased (-49%, P=0.03), whereas hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2α) remained unaffected from PRE to POST hypoxic exposure. Also, downstream HIF-1α target genes VEGF-A (-66%, P=0.006) and BNIP3 (-24%, P=0.002) were downregulated, and a tendency was measured for neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally Nedd4 (-47%, P=0.07), suggesting lowered HIF-1α transcriptional activity after 15 days of exposure to environmental hypoxia. No difference was found on microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 type II/I (LC3b-II/I) ratio, and P62 protein expression tended to increase (+45%, P=0.07) compared to PRE exposure levels, suggesting that autophagy was not modulated after chronic hypoxia. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway was not altered as Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin, S6 kinase 1, and 4E-binding protein 1 phosphorylation did not change between PRE and POST. Finally, myofiber cross-sectional area was unchanged between PRE and POST. In summary, our data indicate that moderate chronic hypoxia differentially regulates HIF-1α and HIF-2α, marginally affects markers of protein degradation, and does not modify markers of protein synthesis or myofiber cross-sectional area in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gommaar D'Hulst
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Research Group, FaBeR, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Ferri
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Damien Naslain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Research Group, FaBeR, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve
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27
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Mackenzie RWA, Watt P. A Molecular and Whole Body Insight of the Mechanisms Surrounding Glucose Disposal and Insulin Resistance with Hypoxic Treatment in Skeletal Muscle. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:6934937. [PMID: 27274997 PMCID: PMC4871980 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6934937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the mechanisms are largely unidentified, the chronic or intermittent hypoxic patterns occurring with respiratory diseases, such as chronic pulmonary disease or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity, are commonly associated with glucose intolerance. Indeed, hypoxia has been widely implicated in the development of insulin resistance either via the direct action on insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) or indirectly through adipose tissue expansion and systemic inflammation. Yet hypoxia is also known to encourage glucose transport using insulin-dependent mechanisms, largely reliant on the metabolic master switch, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In addition, hypoxic exposure has been shown to improve glucose control in type 2 diabetics. The literature surrounding hypoxia-induced changes to glycemic control appears to be confusing and conflicting. How is it that the same stress can seemingly cause insulin resistance while increasing glucose uptake? There is little doubt that acute hypoxia increases glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and does so using the same pathway as muscle contraction. The purpose of this review paper is to provide an insight into the mechanisms underpinning the observed effects and to open up discussions around the conflicting data surrounding hypoxia and glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. W. A. Mackenzie
- Department of Life Science, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4DJ, UK
- *R. W. A. Mackenzie:
| | - P. Watt
- University of Brighton, Hillbrow, Denton Road, Eastbourne BN20 7SP, UK
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28
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Favier FB, Britto FA, Freyssenet DG, Bigard XA, Benoit H. HIF-1-driven skeletal muscle adaptations to chronic hypoxia: molecular insights into muscle physiology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4681-96. [PMID: 26298291 PMCID: PMC11113128 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a metabolically active tissue and the major body protein reservoir. Drop in ambient oxygen pressure likely results in a decrease in muscle cells oxygenation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and stabilization of the oxygen-sensitive hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. However, skeletal muscle seems to be quite resistant to hypoxia compared to other organs, probably because it is accustomed to hypoxic episodes during physical exercise. Few studies have observed HIF-1α accumulation in skeletal muscle during ambient hypoxia probably because of its transient stabilization. Nevertheless, skeletal muscle presents adaptations to hypoxia that fit with HIF-1 activation, although the exact contribution of HIF-2, I kappa B kinase and activating transcription factors, all potentially activated by hypoxia, needs to be determined. Metabolic alterations result in the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, while activation of anaerobic glycolysis is less evident. Hypoxia causes mitochondrial remodeling and enhanced mitophagy that ultimately lead to a decrease in ROS production, and this acclimatization in turn contributes to HIF-1α destabilization. Likewise, hypoxia has structural consequences with muscle fiber atrophy due to mTOR-dependent inhibition of protein synthesis and transient activation of proteolysis. The decrease in muscle fiber area improves oxygen diffusion into muscle cells, while inhibition of protein synthesis, an ATP-consuming process, and reduction in muscle mass decreases energy demand. Amino acids released from muscle cells may also have protective and metabolic effects. Collectively, these results demonstrate that skeletal muscle copes with the energetic challenge imposed by O2 rarefaction via metabolic optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Favier
- INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 34060, Montpellier, France.
- Université de Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.
| | - F A Britto
- INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 34060, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - D G Freyssenet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice EA 4338, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 42000, Saint Etienne, France
| | - X A Bigard
- Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage, 75007, Paris, France
| | - H Benoit
- INSERM, U1042 Hypoxie Physio-Pathologie, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, 38000, Grenoble, France
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29
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Chalil S, Pierre N, Bakker AD, Manders RJ, Pletsers A, Francaux M, Klein-Nulend J, Jaspers RT, Deldicque L. Aging related ER stress is not responsible for anabolic resistance in mouse skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:702-7. [PMID: 26551463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Anabolic resistance reflects the inability of skeletal muscle to maintain protein mass by appropriate stimulation of protein synthesis. We hypothesized that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to anabolic resistance in skeletal muscle with aging. Muscles were isolated from adult (8 mo) and old (26 mo) mice and weighed. ER stress markers in each muscle were quantified, and the anabolic response to leucine was assessed by measuring the phosphorylation state of S6K1 in soleus and EDL using an ex vivo muscle model. Aging reduced the muscle-to-body weight ratio in soleus, gastrocnemius, and plantaris, but not in EDL and tibialis anterior. Compared to adult mice, the expression of ER stress markers BiP and IRE1α was higher in EDL, and phospho-eIF2α was higher in soleus and EDL of old mice. S6K1 response to leucine was impaired in soleus, but not in EDL, suggesting that anabolic resistance contributes to soleus weight loss in old mice. Pre-incubation with ER stress inducer tunicamycin before leucine stimulation increased S6K1 phosphorylation beyond the level reached by leucine alone. Since tunicamycin did not impair leucine-induced S6K1 response, and based on the different ER stress marker regulation patterns, ER stress is probably not involved in anabolic resistance in skeletal muscle with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeda Chalil
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Box 1500, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Pierre
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Astrid D Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph J Manders
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, the Leggett Building, Guildford, GU2 7WG, Surrey, UK
| | - Annelies Pletsers
- Laboratory for Myology, Move Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jenneke Klein-Nulend
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, Move Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Box 1500, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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30
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Jacobs RA, Lundby AKM, Fenk S, Gehrig S, Siebenmann C, Flück D, Kirk N, Hilty MP, Lundby C. Twenty-eight days of exposure to 3454 m increases mitochondrial volume density in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2015; 594:1151-66. [PMID: 26339730 DOI: 10.1113/jp271118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of hypoxia on skeletal muscle mitochondria is controversial. Studies superimposing exercise training on hypoxic exposure demonstrate an increase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density (Mito(VD)) over equivalent normoxic training. In contrast, reductions in both skeletal muscle mass and Mito(VD) have been reported following mountaineering expeditions. These observations may, however, be confounded by negative energy balance, which may obscure the results. Accordingly we sought to examine the effects of high altitude hypoxic exposure on mitochondrial characteristics, with emphasis on Mito(VD), while minimizing changes in energy balance. For this purpose, skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from nine lowlanders at sea level (Pre) and following 7 and 28 days of exposure to 3454 m. Maximal ergometer power output, whole body weight and composition, leg lean mass and skeletal muscle fibre area all remained unchanged following the altitude exposure. Transmission electron microscopy determined that intermyofibrillar (IMF) Mito(VD) was augmented (P = 0.028) by 11.5 ± 9.2% from Pre (5.05 ± 0.9%) to 28 Days (5.61 ± 0.04%). In contrast, there was no change in subsarcolemmal (SS) Mito(VD). As a result, total Mito(VD) (IMF + SS) was increased (P = 0.031) from 6.20 ± 1.5% at Pre to 6.62 ± 1.4% at 28 Days (7.8 ± 9.3%). At the same time no changes in mass-specific respiratory capacities, mitochondrial protein or antioxidant content were found. This study demonstrates that skeletal muscle Mito(VD) may increase with 28 days acclimation to 3454 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Jacobs
- Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Health and Physical Education, School of Teaching and Learning, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA.,Physical Therapy Department, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA
| | | | - Simone Fenk
- Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Saskia Gehrig
- Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Siebenmann
- Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Physiology, School of Technology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Daniela Flück
- Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Niels Kirk
- Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Carsten Lundby
- Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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31
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Persson PB. Insulin. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:427-9. [PMID: 26100001 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P B Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Masschelein E, Puype J, Broos S, Van Thienen R, Deldicque L, Lambrechts D, Hespel P, Thomis M. A genetic predisposition score associates with reduced aerobic capacity in response to acute normobaric hypoxia in lowlanders. High Alt Med Biol 2015; 16:34-42. [PMID: 25761120 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2014.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the high inter-individual variability in the sensitivity to high altitude, we hypothesize the presence of underlying genetic factors. The aim of this study was to construct a genetic predisposition score based on previously identified high-altitude gene variants to explain the inter-individual variation in the reduced maximal O2 uptake (ΔVo2max) in response to acute hypoxia. Ninety-six healthy young male Belgian lowlanders were included. In both normobaric normoxia (Fio2=20.9%) and acute normobaric hypoxia (Fio2=10.7%-12.5%) Vo2max was measured. Forty-one SNPs in 21 genes were genotyped. A stepwise regression analysis was applied to detect a subset of SNPs to be associated with ΔVo2max. This subset of SNPs was included in the genetic predisposition score. A general linear model and regression analysis with age, weight, height, hypoxic protocol group, and Vo2max in normoxia as covariates were used to test the explained variance of the genetic predisposition score. A ROC analysis was performed to discriminate between the low- and high ΔVo2max subgroups. A stepwise regression analysis revealed a subset of SNPs [rs833070 (VEGFA), rs4253778 (PPARA), rs6735530 (EPAS1), rs4341 (ACE), rs1042713 (ADRB2), and rs1042714 (ADRB2)] to be associated with ΔVo2max. The genetic predisposition score was found to be an independent predictive variable with a partial explained variance of 23% (p<0.0001). A ROC analysis showed significant discriminating accuracy (AUC=0.78, 95% confidence interval=0.64-0.91) between the low- and high ΔVo2max subgroups. This six-SNP based genetic predisposition score showed a significantly predictive value for ΔVo2max.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Masschelein
- 1 Exercise Physiology Research Group , KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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33
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Persson PB. Skeletal muscle satellite cells as myogenic progenitors for muscle homoeostasis, growth, regeneration and repair. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:537-8. [PMID: 25565243 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. B. Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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34
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Dorneles GP, Colato AS, Galvão SL, Ramis TR, Ribeiro JL, Romão PR, Peres A. Acute response of peripheral CCr5 chemoreceptor and NK cells in individuals submitted to a single session of low-intensity strength exercise with blood flow restriction. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 36:311-7. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilson Pires Dorneles
- Laboratory of Immunology and Exercise Physiology; Centro Universitário Metodista IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Alana Schraiber Colato
- Laboratory of Immunology and Exercise Physiology; Centro Universitário Metodista IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Simone Lunelli Galvão
- Laboratory of Immunology and Exercise Physiology; Centro Universitário Metodista IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Thiago Rozales Ramis
- Laboratory of Immunology and Exercise Physiology; Centro Universitário Metodista IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Jerri Luiz Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunology and Exercise Physiology; Centro Universitário Metodista IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Romão
- Department of Basic Health Sciences; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratory of Immunology and Exercise Physiology; Centro Universitário Metodista IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Department of Basic Health Sciences; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA); Porto Alegre Brazil
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35
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D’Hulst G, Sylow L, Hespel P, Deldicque L. Acute systemic insulin intolerance does not alter the response of the Akt/GSK-3 pathway to environmental hypoxia in human skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:1219-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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36
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Gordon BS, Steiner JL, Lang CH, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. Reduced REDD1 expression contributes to activation of mTORC1 following electrically induced muscle contraction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E703-11. [PMID: 25159324 PMCID: PMC4200302 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00250.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulated in DNA damage and development 1 (REDD1) is a repressor of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. In humans, REDD1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle is repressed following resistance exercise in association with activation of mTORC1. However, whether REDD1 protein expression is also reduced after exercise and if so to what extent the loss contributes to exercise-induced activation of mTORC1 is unknown. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine the role of REDD1 in governing the response of mTORC1 and protein synthesis to a single bout of muscle contractions. Eccentric contractions of the tibialis anterior were elicited via electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve in male mice in either the fasted or fed state or in fasted wild-type or REDD1-null mice. Four hours postcontractions, mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis were elevated in fasted mice in association with repressed REDD1 expression relative to nonstimulated controls. Feeding coupled with contractions further elevated mTORC1 signaling, whereas REDD1 protein expression was repressed compared with either feeding or contractions alone. Basal mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis were elevated in REDD1-null compared with wild-type mice. The magnitude of the increase in mTORC1 signaling was similar in both wild-type and REDD1-null mice, but, unlike wild-type mice, muscle contractions did not stimulate protein synthesis in mice deficient for REDD1, presumably because basal rates were already elevated. Overall, the data demonstrate that REDD1 expression contributes to the modulation of mTORC1 signaling following feeding- and contraction-induced activation of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Gordon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer L Steiner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles H Lang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Leonard S Jefferson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Scot R Kimball
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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37
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Van Thienen R, D'Hulst G, Deldicque L, Hespel P. Biochemical artifacts in experiments involving repeated biopsies in the same muscle. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e00286. [PMID: 24819751 PMCID: PMC4098731 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Needle biopsies are being extensively used in clinical trials addressing muscular adaptation to exercise and diet. Still, the potential artifacts due to biopsy sampling are often overlooked. Healthy volunteers (n = 9) underwent two biopsies through a single skin incision in a pretest. Two days later (posttest) another biopsy was taken 3 cm proximally and 3 cm distally to the pretest incision. Muscle oxygenation status (tissue oxygenation index [TOI]) was measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy. Biopsy samples were analyzed for 40 key markers (mRNA and protein contents) of myocellular O2 sensing, inflammation, cell proliferation, mitochondrial biogenesis, protein synthesis and breakdown, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism. In the pretest, all measurements were identical between proximal and distal biopsies. However, compared with the pretest, TOI in the posttest was reduced in the proximal (−10%, P < 0.05), but not in the distal area. Conversely, most inflammatory markers were upregulated at the distal (100–500%, P < 0.05), but not at the proximal site. Overall, 29 of the 40 markers measured, equally distributed over all pathways studied, were either up‐ or downregulated by 50–500% (P < 0.05). In addition, 19 markers yielded conflicting results between the proximal and distal measurements (P < 0.05). This study clearly documents that prior muscle biopsies can cause major disturbances in myocellular signaling pathways in needle biopsies specimens sampled 48 h later. In addition, different biopsy sites within identical experimental conditions yielded conflicting results. This study clearly demonstrates that skeletal muscle biopsying per se, at least by causing local tissue inflammation and/or topical deoxygenation, can substantially alter biochemical events happening in needle biopsy specimens sampled at a later day in the same muscle belly. It is crucial to take into account these potential artifacts whenever investigating the cellular mechanisms implicated in adaptation to exercise, recovery, or hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud Van Thienen
- Exercise Physiology Research Group - Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
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38
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Bondke Persson A, Persson PB. Sleep. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:229-30. [PMID: 24350908 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Bondke Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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39
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Masschelein E, Van Thienen R, D'Hulst G, Hespel P, Thomis M, Deldicque L. Acute environmental hypoxia induces LC3 lipidation in a genotype-dependent manner. FASEB J 2013; 28:1022-34. [PMID: 24200883 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-239863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced muscle wasting is a phenomenon often described with prolonged stays at high altitude, which has been attributed to altered protein metabolism. We hypothesized that acute normobaric hypoxia would induce a negative net protein balance by repressing anabolic and activating proteolytic signaling pathways at rest and postexercise and that those changes could be partially genetically determined. Eleven monozygotic twins participated in an experimental trial in normoxia and hypoxia (10.7% O2). Muscle biopsy samples were obtained before and after a 20-min moderate cycling exercise. In hypoxia at rest, autophagic flux was increased, as indicated by an increased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 type II/I (LC3-II/I) ratio (+25%) and LC3-II expression (+60%) and decreased p62/SQSTM1 expression (-25%; P<0.05), whereas exercise reversed those changes to a level similar to that with normoxia except for p62/SQSTM1, which was further decreased (P<0.05). Hypoxia also increased Bnip3 (+34%) and MAFbx (+18%) mRNA levels as well as REDD1 expression (+439%) and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation (+22%; P<0.05). Among the molecular responses to hypoxia and/or exercise, high monozygotic similarity was found for REDD1, LC3-II, and LC3-II/I (P<0.05). Our results indicate that environmental hypoxia modulates protein metabolism at rest and after moderate exercise by primarily increasing markers of protein breakdown and, more specifically, markers of the autophagy-lysosomal system, with a modest genetic contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Masschelein
- 1Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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40
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Langen R, Gosker H, Remels A, Schols A. Triggers and mechanisms of skeletal muscle wasting in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2245-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Bigard X. Molecular factors involved in the control of muscle mass during hypoxia-exposure: the main hypotheses are revisited. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 208:222-3. [PMID: 23648191 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Bigard
- Agence française de lute contre le dopage; Paris; France
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