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Webb MJ, Block JJ, Funston RN, Underwood KR, Legako JF, Harty AA, Salverson RR, Olson KC, Blair AD. Influence of maternal protein restriction in primiparous heifers during mid- and/or late-gestation on meat quality and fatty acid profile of progeny. Meat Sci 2019; 152:31-37. [PMID: 30802815 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of metabolizable protein (MP) restriction in mid- and/or late-gestation on meat quality characteristics of progeny. Heifers were assigned to 2 levels of dietary protein (control [CON], 102% of MP requirements; or restricted [RES], 80% of MP requirements) at 2 stages of gestation (mid-gestation [MID] and late-gestation [LATE]) in a Balaam's Design crossover treatment structure resulting in 4 treatment combinations (CON-CON, CON-RES, RES-CON, RES-RES). A carryover effect of MID MP treatment on LATE CON indicated CON-CON steaks were more tender (P < .001) than RES CON. Mid-gestation restriction resulted in progeny with increased (P < .05) carcass water, soft tissue moisture, and decreased soft tissue fat percentage compared with progeny from dams receiving MID CON. Reduced maternal MP also differentially influenced the fatty acid profiles of progeny. Results suggest it is possible for progeny to overcome a moderate gestational MP restriction with minimal impacts on carcass composition or meat characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Webb
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - J J Block
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - R N Funston
- West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE 69101, United States
| | - K R Underwood
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - J F Legako
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - A A Harty
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - R R Salverson
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - K C Olson
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - A D Blair
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States.
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Khanal P, Nielsen MO. Impacts of prenatal nutrition on animal production and performance: a focus on growth and metabolic and endocrine function in sheep. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:75. [PMID: 28919976 PMCID: PMC5594587 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of foetal programming (FP) originated from human epidemiological studies, where foetal life nutrition was linked to health and disease status later in life. Since the proposal of this phenomenon, it has been evaluated in various animal models to gain further insights into the mechanisms underlying the foetal origins of health and disease in humans. In FP research, the sheep has been quite extensively used as a model for humans. In this paper we will review findings mainly from our Copenhagen sheep model, on the implications of late gestation malnutrition for growth, development, and metabolic and endocrine functions later in life, and discuss how these implications may depend on the diet fed to the animal in early postnatal life. Our results have indicated that negative implications of foetal malnutrition, both as a result of overnutrition and, particularly, late gestation undernutrition, can impair a wide range of endocrine functions regulating growth and presumably also reproductive traits. These implications are not readily observable early in postnatal life, but are increasingly manifested as the animal approaches adulthood. No intervention or cure is known that can reverse this programming in postnatal life. Our findings suggest that close to normal growth and slaughter results can be obtained at least until puberty in animals which have undergone adverse programming in foetal life, but manifestation of programming effects becomes increasingly evident in adult animals. Due to the risk of transfer of the adverse programming effects to future generations, it is therefore recommended that animals that are suspected to have undergone adverse FP are not used for reproduction. Unfortunately, no reliable biomarkers have as yet been identified that allow accurate identification of adversely programmed offspring at birth, except for very low or high birth weights, and, in pigs, characteristic changes in head shape (dolphin head). Future efforts should be therefore dedicated to identify reliable biomarkers and evaluate their effectiveness for alleviation/reversal of the adverse programming in postnatal life. Our sheep studies have shown that the adverse impacts of an extreme, high-fat diet in early postnatal life, but not prenatal undernutrition, can be largely reversed by dietary correction later in life. Thus, birth (at term) appears to be a critical set point for permanent programming in animals born precocial, such as sheep. Appropriate attention to the nutrition of the late pregnant dam should therefore be a priority in animal production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Khanal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, 1st floor, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Current address: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Transgenic Animal and Lipid Storage, Norwegian Transgenic Centre (NTS), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, 1st floor, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Khanal P, Johnsen L, Axel AMD, Hansen PW, Kongsted AH, Lyckegaard NB, Nielsen MO. Long-Term Impacts of Foetal Malnutrition Followed by Early Postnatal Obesity on Fat Distribution Pattern and Metabolic Adaptability in Adult Sheep. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156700. [PMID: 27257993 PMCID: PMC4892656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether over- versus undernutrition in late foetal life combined with obesity development in early postnatal life have differential implications for fat distribution and metabolic adaptability in adulthood. Twin-pregnant ewes were fed NORM (100% of daily energy and protein requirements), LOW (50% of NORM) or HIGH (150%/110% of energy/protein requirements) diets during the last trimester. Postnatally, twin-lambs received obesogenic (HCHF) or moderate (CONV) diets until 6 months of age, and a moderate (obesity correcting) diet thereafter. At 2½ years of age (adulthood), plasma metabolite profiles during fasting, glucose, insulin and propionate (in fed and fasted states) tolerance tests were examined. Organ weights were determined at autopsy. Early obesity development was associated with lack of expansion of perirenal, but not other adipose tissues from adolescence to adulthood, resulting in 10% unit increased proportion of mesenteric of intra-abdominal fat. Prenatal undernutrition had a similar but much less pronounced effect. Across tolerance tests, LOW-HCHF sheep had highest plasma levels of cholesterol, urea-nitrogen, creatinine, and lactate. Sex specific differences were observed, particularly with respect to fat deposition, but direction of responses to early nutrition impacts were similar. However, prenatal undernutrition induced greater metabolic alterations in adult females than males. Foetal undernutrition, but not overnutrition, predisposed for adult hypercholesterolaemia, hyperureaemia, hypercreatinaemia and hyperlactataemia, which became manifested only in combination with early obesity development. Perirenal expandability may play a special role in this context. Differential nutrition recommendations may be advisable for individuals with low versus high birth weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Khanal
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lærke Johnsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Dixen Axel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pernille Willert Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anna Hauntoft Kongsted
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nette Brinch Lyckegaard
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Persson PB, Zakrisson A. Dietary supplements: health from the ocean? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 215:119-22. [PMID: 26333065 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. B. Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - A. Zakrisson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
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Willems E, Wang Y, Koppenol A, Lesuisse J, Franssens L, Decuypere E, Buyse J, Everaert N. Reduced protein availability by albumen removal during chicken embryogenesis decreases body weight and induces hormonal changes. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:1298-308. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Els Willems
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Astrid Koppenol
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- ILVO Animal Sciences Unit; Melle Belgium
| | - Jens Lesuisse
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Lies Franssens
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Eddy Decuypere
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Johan Buyse
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
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Persson PB. Insulin. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:427-9. [PMID: 26100001 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P B Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Khanal P, Axel AMD, Kongsted AH, Husted SV, Johnsen L, Pandey D, Pedersen KL, Birtwistle M, Markussen B, Kadarmideen HN, Nielsen MO. Late gestation under- and overnutrition have differential impacts when combined with a post-natal obesogenic diet on glucose-lactate-insulin adaptations during metabolic challenges in adolescent sheep. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:519-36. [PMID: 25204637 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether late gestation under- and overnutrition programme metabolic plasticity in a similar way, and whether metabolic responses to an obesogenic diet in early post-natal life depend on the foetal nutrition history. METHODS In a 3 × 2 factorial design, twin-pregnant ewes were for the last 6 weeks of gestation (term = 147 days) assigned to HIGH (N = 13; 150 and 110% of energy and protein requirements, respectively), NORM (N = 9; 100% of requirements) or LOW (N = 14; 50% of requirements) diets. The twin offspring were raised on high-carbohydrate-high-fat (HCHF; N = 35) or conventional (CONV; N = 35) diets from 3 days to 6 months of age (around puberty). Then intravenous glucose (GTT; overnight fasted), insulin (ITT; fed) and propionate (gluconeogenetic precursor; PTT; both fed and fasted) tolerance tests were conducted to evaluate (hepatic) metabolic plasticity. RESULTS Prenatal malnutrition differentially impacted adaptations of particularly plasma lactate followed by glucose, cholesterol and insulin. This was most clearly expressed during PTT in fasted lambs and much less during ITT and GTT. In fasted lambs, propionate induced more dramatic increases in lactate than glucose, and HIGH lambs became more hyperglycaemic, hyperlactataemic and secreted less insulin compared to the hypercholesterolaemic LOW lambs. Propionate-induced insulin secretion was virtually abolished in fasted HCHF lambs, but upregulated in fasted compared to fed CONV lambs. HCHF lambs had the greatest glucose-induced insulin secretory responses. CONCLUSION Prenatal malnutrition differentially programmed glucose-lactate metabolic pathways and cholesterol homeostasis. Prenatal overnutrition predisposed for hyperglycaemia and hyperlactataemia, whereas undernutrition predisposed for hypercholesterolaemia upon exposure to an obesogenic diet. Prenatal overnutrition (not undernutrition) interfered with pancreatic insulin secretion by non-glucose-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Khanal
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - A. M. D. Axel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - A. H. Kongsted
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - S. V. Husted
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - L. Johnsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - D. Pandey
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg C Denmark
- School of Science and Technology; Örebro University; Örebro Sweden
| | - K. L. Pedersen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - M. Birtwistle
- Early Life Research Unit; Academic Division of Child Health; School of Medicine; Nottingham University; Nottingham UK
| | - B. Markussen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences; Faculty of Science; Laboratory of Applied Statistics; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - H. N. Kadarmideen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - M. O. Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg C Denmark
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Hellgren LI, Jensen RI, Waterstradt MS, Quistorff B, Lauritzen L. Acute and perinatal programming effects of a fat-rich diet on rat muscle mitochondrial function and hepatic lipid accumulation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2014; 93:1170-80. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars I. Hellgren
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis; Department of Systems Biology; Technical University of Denmark; Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Runa I. Jensen
- Department of Human Nutrition; Faculty of Life Science; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Michelle S.G. Waterstradt
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis; Department of Systems Biology; Technical University of Denmark; Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Bjørn Quistorff
- Department of Biomedical Science; NMR Center; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Human Nutrition; Faculty of Life Science; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg Denmark
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