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Bautista-Pérez R, Franco M. Purinergic Receptor Antagonists: A Complementary Treatment for Hypertension. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1060. [PMID: 39204165 PMCID: PMC11357398 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of hypertension has improved in the last century; attention has been directed to restoring several altered pathophysiological mechanisms. However, regardless of the current treatments, it is difficult to control blood pressure. Uncontrolled hypertension is responsible for several cardiovascular complications, such as chronic renal failure, which is frequently observed in hypertensive patients. Therefore, new approaches that may improve the control of arterial blood pressure should be considered to prevent serious cardiovascular disorders. The contribution of purinergic receptors has been acknowledged in the pathophysiology of hypertension; this review describes the participation of these receptors in the alteration of kidney function in hypertension. Elevated interstitial ATP concentrations are essential for the activation of renal purinergic receptors; this becomes a fundamental pathway that leads to the development and maintenance of hypertension. High ATP levels modify essential mechanisms implicated in the long-term control of blood pressure, such as pressure natriuresis, the autoregulation of the glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow, and tubuloglomerular feedback responses. Any alteration in these mechanisms decreases sodium excretion. ATP stimulates the release of vasoactive substances, causes renal function to decline, and induces tubulointerstitial damage. At the same time, a deleterious interaction involving angiotensin II and purinergic receptors leads to the deterioration of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Bautista-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Martha Franco
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico
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2
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Kishi S, Nagasu H, Kidokoro K, Kashihara N. Oxidative stress and the role of redox signalling in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:101-119. [PMID: 37857763 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern, underscoring a need to identify pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are derivatives of oxygen molecules that are generated during aerobic metabolism and are involved in a variety of cellular functions that are governed by redox conditions. Low levels of ROS are required for diverse processes, including intracellular signal transduction, metabolism, immune and hypoxic responses, and transcriptional regulation. However, excess ROS can be pathological, and contribute to the development and progression of chronic diseases. Despite evidence linking elevated levels of ROS to CKD development and progression, the use of low-molecular-weight antioxidants to remove ROS has not been successful in preventing or slowing disease progression. More recent advances have enabled evaluation of the molecular interactions between specific ROS and their targets in redox signalling pathways. Such studies may pave the way for the development of sophisticated treatments that allow the selective control of specific ROS-mediated signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kishi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hajime Nagasu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kengo Kidokoro
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoki Kashihara
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
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3
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Liu R, Juncos LA, Lu Y, Wei J, Zhang J, Wang L, Lai EY, Carlstrom M, Persson AEG. The Role of Macula Densa Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 Beta Splice Variant in Modulating Tubuloglomerular Feedback. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4215-4229. [PMID: 36715280 PMCID: PMC9990375 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in renal electrolyte and water excretion may result in inappropriate salt and water retention, which facilitates the development and maintenance of hypertension, as well as acid-base and electrolyte disorders. A key mechanism by which the kidney regulates renal hemodynamics and electrolyte excretion is via tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), an intrarenal negative feedback between tubules and arterioles. TGF is initiated by an increase of NaCl delivery at the macula densa cells. The increased NaCl activates luminal Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) of the macula densa cells, which leads to activation of several intracellular processes followed by the production of paracrine signals that ultimately result in a constriction of the afferent arteriole and a tonic inhibition of single nephron glomerular filtration rate. Neuronal nitric oxide (NOS1) is highly expressed in the macula densa. NOS1β is the major splice variant and accounts for most of NO generation by the macula densa, which inhibits TGF response. Macula densa NOS1β-mediated modulation of TGF responses plays an essential role in control of sodium excretion, volume and electrolyte hemostasis, and blood pressure. In this article, we describe the mechanisms that regulate macula densa-derived NO and their effect on TGF response in physiologic and pathologic conditions. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4215-4229, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Luis A. Juncos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR
| | - Yan Lu
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology
| | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mattias Carlstrom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Erik G Persson
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhang J, Qu L, Wei J, Jiang S, Xu L, Wang L, Cheng F, Jiang K, Buggs J, Liu R. A new mechanism for the sex differences in angiotensin II-induced hypertension: the role of macula densa NOS1β-mediated tubuloglomerular feedback. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F908-F919. [PMID: 33044868 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00312.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Females are protected against the development of angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension compared with males, but the mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. In the present study, we hypothesized that the effect of ANG II on the macula densa nitric oxide (NO) synthase 1β (NOS1β)-mediated tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism is different between males and females, thereby contributing to the sexual dimorphism of ANG II-induced hypertension. We used microperfusion, micropuncture, clearance of FITC-inulin, and radio telemetry to examine the sex differences in the changes of macula densa NOS1β expression and activity, TGF response, natriuresis, and blood pressure (BP) after a 2-wk ANG II infusion in wild-type and macula densa-specific NOS1 knockout mice. In wild-type mice, ANG II induced higher expression of macula densa NOS1β, greater NO generation by the macula densa, and a lower TGF response in vitro and in vivo in females than in males; the increases of glomerular filtration rate, urine flow rate, and Na+ excretion in response to an acute volume expansion were significantly greater and the BP responses to ANG II were significantly less in females than in males. In contrast, these sex differences in the effects of ANG II on TGF, natriuretic response, and BP were largely diminished in knockout mice. In addition, tissue culture of human kidney biopsies (renal cortex) with ANG II resulted in a greater increase in NOS1β expression in females than in males. In conclusion, macula densa NOS1β-mediated TGF is a novel and important mechanism for the sex differences in ANG II-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Larry Qu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Lan Xu
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jacentha Buggs
- Advanced Organ Disease and Transplantation Institute, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Bertoni APS, de Campos RP, Tamajusuku ASK, Stefani GP, Braganhol E, Battastini AMO, Wink MR. Biochemical analysis of ectonucleotidases on primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells and in silico investigation of their role in vascular diseases. Life Sci 2020; 256:117862. [PMID: 32473244 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exhibit a high degree of plasticity when they undergo the progression from a normal to a disease condition, which makes them a potential target for evaluating early markers and for the development of new therapies. Purinergic signalling plays a key role in vascular tonus control, ATP being an inductor of vasoconstriction, whereas adenosine mediates a vasodilation effect antagonising the ATP actions. The control of extracellular ATP and adenosine levels is done by ectonucleotidases, which represent a potential target to be evaluated in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we analysed the basal activity and expression of the ectonucleotidases in aortic rat VSMCs, and we further performed in silico analysis to determine the expression of those enzymes in conditions that mimicked vascular diseases. Cultured in vitro VSMCs showed a prominent expression of Entpd1 followed by Entpd2 and Nt5e (CD73) and very low levels of Entpd3. Slightly faster AMP hydrolysis was observed when compared to ATP and ADP nucleotides. In silico analysis showed that the ectonucleotidases were modulated after induction of conditions that can lead to vascular diseases such as, hypertensive and hypotensive mice models (Nt5e); exposition to high-fat (Entpd1 and Entpd2) or high-phosphate (Nt5e) diet; mechanical stretch (Entpd1, Entpd2 and Nt5e); and myocardial infarction (Entpd1). Our data show that VSMCs are able to efficiently metabolise the extracellular nucleotides generating adenosine. The modulation of Entpd1, Entdp2 and Nt5e in vascular diseases suggests these ectoenzymes as potential targets or markers to be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Santin Bertoni
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde and Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Paschoal de Campos
- Laboratório de Sinalização e Plasticidade Celular, Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Giuseppe Potrick Stefani
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde and Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; PPG-Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Battastini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rosângela Wink
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde and Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; PPG-Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Jiang S, Wang X, Wei J, Zhang G, Zhang J, Xie P, Xu L, Wang L, Zhao L, Li L, Wilcox CS, Chen J, Lai EY, Liu R. NaHCO 3 Dilates Mouse Afferent Arteriole Via Na +/HCO 3- Cotransporters NBCs. Hypertension 2019; 74:1104-1112. [PMID: 31522618 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sodium bicarbonate has long been used to treat chronic kidney disease. It has been demonstrated to slow the decline in glomerular filtration rate in chronic kidney disease patient; however, the mechanisms are not completely understood. We hypothesized that NaHCO3 dilates afferent arterioles (Af-Art) by stimulating nitric oxide (NO) release mediated by the Na+/HCO3- cotransporter (NBC) contributing to the elevation in glomerular filtration rate. Isolated microperfused mouse renal Af-Art, preconstricted with norepinephrine (1 µmol/L), dilated 45±2% (n=6, P<0.05) in response to NaHCO3 (44 mmol/L). Whereas, NaCl solution containing the same Na+ concentration was not effective. The mRNA for NBCn1 and NBCe1 were detected in microdissected Af-Art using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The Af-Art intracellular pH measured with 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6) carboxyfluorescein, acetoxymethyl ester increased significantly by 0.29±0.02 (n=6; P<0.05) in the presence of NaHCO3, which was blunted by N-cyanosulphonamide compound (S0859) that is an inhibitor of the NBC family. After clamping the intracellular pH with 10 μM nigericin, changing the bath solution pH from 7.4 to 7.8 still dilates the Af-Art by 53±4% (n=7; P<0.005) and increases NO generation by 22±3% (n=7; P<0.005). Both pH-induced NO generation and vasodilation were blocked by L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester. NaHCO3 increased NO generation in Af-Art by 19±4% (n=5; P<0.005) and elevated glomerular filtration rate in conscious mice by 36% (233 versus 318 ul/min; n=9-10; P<0.0001). S0859 and L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester blocked NaHCO3-induced increases in NO generation and vasodilation. We conclude that NBCn1 and NBCe1 are expressed in Af-Art and that NaHCO3 dilates Af-Art via NBCs mediated by NO that increases the glomerular filtration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- From Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (S.J., G.Z., P.X., L.Z., L.L., J.C., E.Y.L.).,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (S.J., X.W., J.W., G.Z., J.Z., L.W., R.L.)
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (S.J., X.W., J.W., G.Z., J.Z., L.W., R.L.).,Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (X.W.)
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (S.J., X.W., J.W., G.Z., J.Z., L.W., R.L.)
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- From Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (S.J., G.Z., P.X., L.Z., L.L., J.C., E.Y.L.).,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (S.J., X.W., J.W., G.Z., J.Z., L.W., R.L.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (S.J., X.W., J.W., G.Z., J.Z., L.W., R.L.)
| | - Peng Xie
- From Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (S.J., G.Z., P.X., L.Z., L.L., J.C., E.Y.L.)
| | - Lan Xu
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa (L.X.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (S.J., X.W., J.W., G.Z., J.Z., L.W., R.L.)
| | - Liang Zhao
- From Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (S.J., G.Z., P.X., L.Z., L.L., J.C., E.Y.L.).,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, China (L.Z., E.Y.L.).,Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (L.Z., E.Y.L.)
| | - Lingli Li
- From Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (S.J., G.Z., P.X., L.Z., L.L., J.C., E.Y.L.).,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (L.L., C.S.W.)
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (L.L., C.S.W.)
| | - Jianghua Chen
- From Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (S.J., G.Z., P.X., L.Z., L.L., J.C., E.Y.L.)
| | - En Yin Lai
- From Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (S.J., G.Z., P.X., L.Z., L.L., J.C., E.Y.L.).,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, China (L.Z., E.Y.L.).,Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (L.Z., E.Y.L.)
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (S.J., X.W., J.W., G.Z., J.Z., L.W., R.L.)
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Franco M, Pérez-Méndez O, Kulthinee S, Navar LG. Integration of purinergic and angiotensin II receptor function in renal vascular responses and renal injury in angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:277-285. [PMID: 31183668 PMCID: PMC6635571 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular arteriolar vasoconstriction and tubulointerstitial injury are observed before glomerular damage occurs in models of hypertension. High interstitial ATP concentrations, caused by the increase in arterial pressure, alter renal mechanisms involved in the long-term control of blood pressure, autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate and blood flow, tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) responses, and sodium excretion. Elevated ATP concentrations and augmented expression of P2X receptors have been demonstrated under a genetic background or induction of hypertension with vasoconstrictor peptides. In addition to the alterations of the microcirculation in the hypertensive kidney, the vascular actions of elevated intrarenal angiotensin II levels may be mitigated by the administration of broad purinergic P2 antagonists or specific P2Y12, P2X1, and P2X7 receptor antagonists. Furthermore, the prevention of tubulointerstitial infiltration with immunosuppressor compounds reduces the development of salt-sensitive hypertension, indicating that tubulointerstitial inflammation is essential for the development and maintenance of hypertension. Inflammatory cells also express abundant purinergic receptors, and their activation by ATP induces cytokine and growth factor release that in turn contributes to augment tubulointerstitial inflammation. Collectively, the evidence suggests a pathophysiological activation of purinergic P2 receptors in angiotensin-dependent hypertension. Coexistent increases in intrarenal angiotensin II and activates Ang II AT1 receptors, which interacts with over-activated purinergic receptors in a complex manner, suggesting convergence of their post-receptor signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Franco
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No.1, 14080 Mexico City, DF Mexico
| | - Oscar Pérez-Méndez
- Department Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Supaporn Kulthinee
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Technology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - L. Gabriel Navar
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
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Gonzalez-Vicente A, Saez F, Monzon CM, Asirwatham J, Garvin JL. Thick Ascending Limb Sodium Transport in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:235-309. [PMID: 30354966 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00055.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The thick ascending limb plays a key role in maintaining water and electrolyte balance. The importance of this segment in regulating blood pressure is evidenced by the effect of loop diuretics or local genetic defects on this parameter. Hormones and factors produced by thick ascending limbs have both autocrine and paracrine effects, which can extend prohypertensive signaling to other structures of the nephron. In this review, we discuss the role of the thick ascending limb in the development of hypertension, not as a sole participant, but one that works within the rich biological context of the renal medulla. We first provide an overview of the basic physiology of the segment and the anatomical considerations necessary to understand its relationship with other renal structures. We explore the physiopathological changes in thick ascending limbs occurring in both genetic and induced animal models of hypertension. We then discuss the racial differences and genetic defects that affect blood pressure in humans through changes in thick ascending limb transport rates. Throughout the text, we scrutinize methodologies and discuss the limitations of research techniques that, when overlooked, can lead investigators to make erroneous conclusions. Thus, in addition to advancing an understanding of the basic mechanisms of physiology, the ultimate goal of this work is to understand our research tools, to make better use of them, and to contextualize research data. Future advances in renal hypertension research will require not only collection of new experimental data, but also integration of our current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fara Saez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Casandra M Monzon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jessica Asirwatham
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey L Garvin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
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9
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Wei J, Zhang J, Wang L, Cha BJ, Jiang S, Liu R. A new low-nephron CKD model with hypertension, progressive decline of renal function, and enhanced inflammation in C57BL/6 mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F1008-F1019. [PMID: 29412703 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00574.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue in the US. The typical five-sixths nephrectomy (typical 5/6 NX) is a widely used experimental CKD model. However, the typical 5/6 NX model is hypertensive in rats but strain dependent in mice. In particular, C57BL/6 mice with the typical 5/6 NX exhibits normal blood pressure and well-preserved renal function. The goal of the present study was to create a new hypertensive CKD model in C57BL/6 mice. We first characterized the vascular architecture originated from each renal artery branch by confocal laser-scanning microscopy with fluorescent lectin. Then, a novel 5/6 NX-BL model was generated by uninephrectomy combined with 2/3 renal infarction via a ligation of upper renal artery branch on the contralateral kidney. Compared with 5/6 NX-C, the 5/6 NX-BL model exhibited elevated mean arterial pressure (137.6 ± 13.9 vs. 104.7 ± 8.2 mmHg), decreased glomerular filtration rate (82.9 ± 19.2 vs. 125.0 ± 13.9 µl/min) with a reciprocal increase in plasma creatinine (0.31 ± 0.03 vs. 0.19 ± 0.04 mg/dl), and significant renal injury as assessed by proteinuria, histology with light, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, inflammatory status, as indicated by the level of proinflammatory cytokine TNFα and the leukocyte counts, was significantly upregulated in 5/6 NX-BL compared with the 5/6 NX-C. In summary, we developed a new hypertensive CKD model in C57BL/6 mice with 5/6 renal mass reduction by uninephrectomy and upper renal artery branch ligation on the contralateral kidney. This 5/6 NX-BL model exhibits an infarction zone-dependent hypertension and progressive deterioration of the renal function accompanied by enhanced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
| | - Byeong Jake Cha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Westphal
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III; AG Experimentelle Nephrologie; Universitätsklinikum Jena; Jena Germany
| | - S. Reuter
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III; AG Experimentelle Nephrologie; Universitätsklinikum Jena; Jena Germany
| | - R. Mrowka
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III; AG Experimentelle Nephrologie; Universitätsklinikum Jena; Jena Germany
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11
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Franco M, Bautista-Pérez R, Cano-Martínez A, Pacheco U, Santamaría J, del Valle Mondragón L, Pérez-Méndez O, Navar LG. Physiopathological implications of P2X1and P2X7receptors in regulation of glomerular hemodynamics in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F9-F19. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00663.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deleterious effects of purinergic P2X1and P2X7receptors (P2XRs) in ANG II-dependent hypertension include increased renal vascular resistance, and impaired autoregulation and pressure natriuresis. However, their specific effects on the determinants of glomerular hemodynamics remain incompletely delineated. To investigate the P2XR contributions to altered glomerular hemodynamics in hypertension, the effects of acute blockade of P2X1R, P2X7R, and P2X4R with NF449, A438079, and PSB12054, respectively, were evaluated in ANG II-infused rats (435 ng·kg−1·min−1). P2X1R or P2X7R blockade reduced afferent (6.85 ± 1.05 vs. 2.37 ± 0.20 dyn·s−1·cm−5) and efferent (2.85 ± 0.38 vs. 0.99 ± 0.07 dyn·s−1·cm−5) arteriolar resistances, leading to increases in glomerular plasma flow (75.82 ± 5.58 vs. 206.7 ± 16.38 nl/min), ultrafiltration coefficient (0.0198 ± 0.0024 vs. 0.0512 ± 0.0046 nl·min−1·mmHg−1), and single-nephron glomerular filtration rate (22.73 ± 2.02 vs. 51.56 ± 3.87 nl/min) to near normal values. Blockade of P2X4R did not elicit effects in hypertensive rats. In normotensive sham-operated rats, only the P2X1R antagonist caused an increase plasma flow and single-nephron glomerular filtration rate, whereas the P2X4R antagonist induced glomerular vasoconstriction that was consistent with evidence that P2X4R stimulation increases release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells. Mean arterial pressure remained unchanged in both hypertensive and normotensive groups. Western blot analysis showed overexpression of P2X1R, P2X7R, and P2X4R proteins in hypertensive rats. Whereas it has been generally assumed that the altered glomerular vascular resistances in ANG II hypertension are due to AT1receptor-mediated vasoconstriction, these data indicate a predominant P2X1R and P2X7R control of glomerular hemodynamics in ANG II hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Franco
- Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez,” México City, México
| | - Rocío Bautista-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez,” México City, México
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez,” México City, México
| | - Ursino Pacheco
- Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez,” México City, México
| | - José Santamaría
- Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez,” México City, México
| | | | - Oscar Pérez-Méndez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez,” México City, México
| | - L. Gabriel Navar
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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12
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Song J, Wang L, Fan F, Wei J, Zhang J, Lu Y, Fu Y, Wang S, Juncos LA, Liu R. Role of the Primary Cilia on the Macula Densa and Thick Ascending Limbs in Regulation of Sodium Excretion and Hemodynamics. Hypertension 2017; 70:324-333. [PMID: 28607127 PMCID: PMC5507816 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the significance of the primary cilia on the macula densa and thick ascending limb (TAL) in regulation of renal hemodynamics, sodium excretion, and blood pressure in this study. A tissue-specific primary cilia knock-out (KO) mouse line was generated by crossing NKCC2-Cre mice with IFT88-Δ/flox mice (NKCC2CRE; IFT88Δ/flox), in which the primary cilia were deleted from the macula densa and TAL. NO generation was measured with a fluorescent dye (4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate) in isolated perfused juxtaglomerular apparatus. Deletion of the cilia reduced NO production by 56% and 42% in the macula densa and TAL, respectively. NO generation by the macula densa was inhibited by both a nonselective and a selective nitric oxide synthesis inhibitors, whereas TAL-produced NO was inhibited by a nonselective and not by a selective NO synthesis 1 inhibitor. The tubuloglomerular feedback response was enhanced in the KO mice both in vitro measured with isolated perfused juxtaglomerular apparatuses and in vivo measured with micropuncture. In response to an acute volume expansion, the KO mice exhibited limited glomerular filtration rate elevation and impaired sodium excretion compared with the wild-type mice. The mean arterial pressure measured with telemetry was the same for wild-type and KO mice fed a normal salt diet. After a high salt diet, the mean arterial pressure increased by 17.4±1.6 mm Hg in the KO mice. On the basis of these findings, we concluded that the primary cilia on the macula densa and TAL play an essential role in the control of sodium excretion and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Song
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (J.S., L.W., J.W., J.Z., S.W., R.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (F.F., Y.L., Y.F., L.A.J.)
| | - Lei Wang
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (J.S., L.W., J.W., J.Z., S.W., R.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (F.F., Y.L., Y.F., L.A.J.)
| | - Fan Fan
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (J.S., L.W., J.W., J.Z., S.W., R.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (F.F., Y.L., Y.F., L.A.J.)
| | - Jin Wei
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (J.S., L.W., J.W., J.Z., S.W., R.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (F.F., Y.L., Y.F., L.A.J.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (J.S., L.W., J.W., J.Z., S.W., R.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (F.F., Y.L., Y.F., L.A.J.)
| | - Yan Lu
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (J.S., L.W., J.W., J.Z., S.W., R.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (F.F., Y.L., Y.F., L.A.J.)
| | - Yiling Fu
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (J.S., L.W., J.W., J.Z., S.W., R.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (F.F., Y.L., Y.F., L.A.J.)
| | - Shaohui Wang
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (J.S., L.W., J.W., J.Z., S.W., R.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (F.F., Y.L., Y.F., L.A.J.)
| | - Luis A Juncos
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (J.S., L.W., J.W., J.Z., S.W., R.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (F.F., Y.L., Y.F., L.A.J.)
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (J.S., L.W., J.W., J.Z., S.W., R.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (F.F., Y.L., Y.F., L.A.J.).
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13
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Wang L, Song J, Buggs J, Wei J, Wang S, Zhang J, Zhang G, Lu Y, Yip KP, Liu R. A new mouse model of hemorrhagic shock-induced acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F134-F142. [PMID: 28042109 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00347.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current animal models of hemorrhagic shock-induced acute kidney injury (HS-induced AKI) require extensive surgical procedures and constant monitoring of hemodynamic parameters. Application of these HS-induced AKI models in mice to produce consistent kidney injury is challenging. In the present study, we developed a simple and highly reproducible mouse model of HS-induced AKI by combining moderate bleeding and renal pedicle clamping, which was abbreviated as HS-AKI. HS was induced by retroorbital bleeding of 0.4 ml blood in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were left in HS stage for 30 min, followed by renal pedicle clamping for 18 min at 36.8-37.0°C. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were monitored with preimplanted radio transmitters throughout the experiment. The acute response in renal blood flow (RBF) triggered by HS was measured with transonic flow probe. Mice received sham operation; bleeding alone and renal pedicle clamping alone served as respective controls. MAP was reduced from 77 ± 4 to 35 ± 3 mmHg after bleeding. RBF was reduced by 65% in the HS period. Plasma creatinine and kidney injury molecule-1 levels were increased by more than 22-fold 24 h after reperfusion. GFR was declined by 78% of baseline 3 days after reperfusion. Histological examination revealed a moderate-to-severe acute tubular damage, mostly at the cortex-medulla junction area, followed by the medullar and cortex regions. HS alone did not induce significant kidney injury, but synergistically enhanced pedicle clamping-induced AKI. This is a well-controlled, simple, and reliable mouse model of HS-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida;
| | - Jiangping Song
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Kay-Pong Yip
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
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14
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Wang X, Chandrashekar K, Wang L, Lai EY, Wei J, Zhang G, Wang S, Zhang J, Juncos LA, Liu R. Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 Induces Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Nitric Oxide Synthase 1α Knockout and Wild-Type Mice. Hypertension 2016; 67:792-9. [PMID: 26883268 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.07032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We recently showed that α, β, and γ splice variants of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) expressed in the macula densa and NOS1β accounts for most of the NO generation. We have also demonstrated that the mice with deletion of NOS1 specifically from the macula densa developed salt-sensitive hypertension. However, the global NOS1 knockout (NOS1KO) strain is neither hypertensive nor salt sensitive. This global NOS1KO strain is actually an NOS1αKO model. Consequently, we hypothesized that inhibition of NOS1β in NOS1αKO mice induces salt-sensitive hypertension. NOS1αKO and C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice were implanted with telemetry transmitters and divided into 7-nitroindazole (10 mg/kg/d)-treated and nontreated groups. All of the mice were fed a normal salt (0.4% NaCl) diet for 5 days, followed by a high-salt diet (4% NaCl). NO generation by the macula densa was inhibited by >90% in WT and NOS1αKO mice treated with 7-nitroindazole. Glomerular filtration rate in conscious mice was increased by ≈ 40% after a high-salt diet in both NOS1αKO and WT mice. In response to acute volume expansion, glomerular filtration rate, diuretic and natriuretic response were significantly blunted in the WT and knockout mice treated with 7-nitroindazole. Mean arterial pressure had no significant changes in mice fed a high-salt diet, but increased ≈ 15 mm Hg similarly in NOS1αKO and WT mice treated with 7-nitroindazole. We conclude that NOS1β, but not NOS1α, plays an important role in control of sodium excretion and hemodynamics in response to either an acute or a chronic salt loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Wang
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (X.W., L.W., J.W., G.Z., S.W., J.Z., R.L.); Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (K.C., L.A.J.); and Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L., G.Z.)
| | - Kiran Chandrashekar
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (X.W., L.W., J.W., G.Z., S.W., J.Z., R.L.); Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (K.C., L.A.J.); and Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L., G.Z.)
| | - Lei Wang
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (X.W., L.W., J.W., G.Z., S.W., J.Z., R.L.); Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (K.C., L.A.J.); and Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L., G.Z.)
| | - En Yin Lai
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (X.W., L.W., J.W., G.Z., S.W., J.Z., R.L.); Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (K.C., L.A.J.); and Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L., G.Z.)
| | - Jin Wei
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (X.W., L.W., J.W., G.Z., S.W., J.Z., R.L.); Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (K.C., L.A.J.); and Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L., G.Z.)
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (X.W., L.W., J.W., G.Z., S.W., J.Z., R.L.); Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (K.C., L.A.J.); and Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L., G.Z.)
| | - Shaohui Wang
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (X.W., L.W., J.W., G.Z., S.W., J.Z., R.L.); Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (K.C., L.A.J.); and Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L., G.Z.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (X.W., L.W., J.W., G.Z., S.W., J.Z., R.L.); Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (K.C., L.A.J.); and Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L., G.Z.)
| | - Luis A Juncos
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (X.W., L.W., J.W., G.Z., S.W., J.Z., R.L.); Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (K.C., L.A.J.); and Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L., G.Z.)
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (X.W., L.W., J.W., G.Z., S.W., J.Z., R.L.); Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (K.C., L.A.J.); and Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L., G.Z.).
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15
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Effects of Atorvastatin Dose and Concomitant Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors on Renal Function Changes over Time in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Prospective Observational Study. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17020106. [PMID: 26848655 PMCID: PMC4783875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and statins are widely used in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Our aim was to compare changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over time in subjects with stable CAD according to atorvastatin dose and concomitant use of ACEI. We studied 78 men with stable CAD referred for an elective coronary angiography who attained the then-current guideline-recommended target level of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol below 2.5 mmol/L in a routine fasting lipid panel on admission and were receiving atorvastatin at a daily dose of 10-40 mg for ≥3 months preceding the index hospitalization. Due to an observational study design, atorvastatin dosage was not intentionally modified for other reasons. GFR was estimated during index hospitalization and at about one year after discharge from our center. Irrespective of ACEI use, a prevention of kidney function loss was observed only in those treated with the highest atorvastatin dose. In 38 subjects on ACEI, both of the higher atorvastatin doses were associated with increasing beneficial effects on GFR changes (mean ± SEM: -4.2 ± 2.4, 1.1 ± 1.6, 5.2 ± 2.4 mL/min per 1.73 m² for the 10-mg, 20-mg and 40-mg atorvastatin group, respectively, p = 0.02 by ANOVA; Spearman's rho = 0.50, p = 0.001 for trend). In sharp contrast, in 40 patients without ACEI, no significant trend effect was observed across increasing atorvastatin dosage (respective GFR changes: -1.3 ± 1.0, -4.7 ± 2.1, 4.8 ± 3.6 mL/min per 1.73 m², p = 0.02 by ANOVA; rho = 0.08, p = 0.6 for trend). The results were substantially unchanged after adjustment for baseline GFR or time-dependent variations of LDL cholesterol. Thus, concomitant ACEI use appears to facilitate the ability of increasing atorvastatin doses to beneficially modulate time-dependent changes in GFR in men with stable CAD.
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16
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Lu Y, Wei J, Stec DE, Roman RJ, Ge Y, Cheng L, Liu EY, Zhang J, Hansen PBL, Fan F, Juncos LA, Wang L, Pollock J, Huang PL, Fu Y, Wang S, Liu R. Macula Densa Nitric Oxide Synthase 1β Protects against Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:2346-56. [PMID: 26647426 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015050515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important negative modulator of tubuloglomerular feedback responsiveness. We recently found that macula densa expresses α-, β-, and γ-splice variants of neuronal nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1), and NOS1β expression in the macula densa increases on a high-salt diet. This study tested whether upregulation of NOS1β expression in the macula densa affects sodium excretion and salt-sensitive hypertension by decreasing tubuloglomerular feedback responsiveness. Expression levels of NOS1β mRNA and protein were 30- and five-fold higher, respectively, than those of NOS1α in the renal cortex of C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, macula densa NO production was similar in the isolated perfused juxtaglomerular apparatus of wild-type (WT) and nitric oxide synthase 1α-knockout (NOS1αKO) mice. Compared with control mice, mice with macula densa-specific knockout of all nitric oxide synthase 1 isoforms (MD-NOS1KO) had a significantly enhanced tubuloglomerular feedback response and after acute volume expansion, significantly reduced GFR, urine flow, and sodium excretion. Mean arterial pressure increased significantly in MD-NOS1KO mice (P<0.01) but not NOS1flox/flox mice fed a high-salt diet. After infusion of angiotensin II, mean arterial pressure increased by 61.6 mmHg in MD-NOS1KO mice versus 32.0 mmHg in WT mice (P<0.01) fed a high-salt diet. These results indicate that NOS1β is a primary NOS1 isoform expressed in the macula densa and regulates the tubuloglomerular feedback response, the natriuretic response to acute volume expansion, and the development of salt-sensitive hypertension. These findings show a novel mechanism for salt sensitivity of BP and the significance of tubuloglomerular feedback response in long-term control of sodium excretion and BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Richard J Roman
- Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ying Ge
- Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Liang Cheng
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and
| | - Eddie Y Liu
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Fan Fan
- Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | | | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jennifer Pollock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Paul L Huang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yiling Fu
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and
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17
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Wang L, Shen C, Liu H, Wang S, Chen X, Roman RJ, Juncos LA, Lu Y, Wei J, Zhang J, Yip KP, Liu R. Shear stress blunts tubuloglomerular feedback partially mediated by primary cilia and nitric oxide at the macula densa. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R757-66. [PMID: 26269519 PMCID: PMC4666931 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00173.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study tested whether primary cilia on macula densa serve as a flow sensor to enhance nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) activity and inhibit tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). Isolated perfused macula densa was loaded with calcein red and 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate to monitor cell volume and nitric oxide (NO) generation. An increase in tubular flow rate from 0 to 40 nl/min enhanced NO production by 40.0 ± 1.2%. The flow-induced NO generation was blocked by an inhibitor of NOS1 but not by inhibition of the Na/K/2Cl cotransporter or the removal of electrolytes from the perfusate. NO generation increased from 174.8 ± 21 to 276.1 ± 24 units/min in cultured MMDD1 cells when shear stress was increased from 0.5 to 5.0 dynes/cm(2). The shear stress-induced NO generation was abolished in MMDD1 cells in which the cilia were disrupted using a siRNA to ift88. Increasing the NaCl concentration of the tubular perfusate from 10 to 80 mM NaCl in the isolated perfused juxtaglomerular preparation reduced the diameter of the afferent arteriole by 3.8 ± 0.1 μm. This response was significantly blunted to 2.5 ± 0.2 μm when dextran was added to the perfusate to increase the viscosity and shear stress. Inhibition of NOS1 blocked the effect of dextran on TGF response. In vitro, the effects of raising perfusate viscosity with dextran on tubular hydraulic pressure were minimized by reducing the outflow resistance to avoid stretching of tubular cells. These results suggest that shear stress stimulates primary cilia on the macula densa to enhance NO generation and inhibit TGF responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Chunyu Shen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; Department of Forensic Pathology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Xinshan Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson Mississippi
| | - Luis A Juncos
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson Mississippi
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson Mississippi
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kay-Pong Yip
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida;
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18
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Persson AEG, Carlström M. Renal purinergic signalling in health and disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:805-7. [PMID: 25613023 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. G. Persson
- Department of Medical Cellbiology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - M. Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
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