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de Oliveira PB, Zochio GP, Caetano ESP, da Silva MLS, Dias-Junior CA. Vasodilator Responses of Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Derived Hydrogen Sulfide Stimulated with L-Cysteine in Pregnancy Hypertension-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1919. [PMID: 38001772 PMCID: PMC10669374 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO)-induced vasodilation is impaired in pregnancy hypertension. However, the role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT)-derived hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as an alternative for counteracting vascular dysfunction, is incompletely clear in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Therefore, PVAT-derived H2S-induced vasodilation was investigated in pregnancy hypertension-induced endothelial dysfunction. Non-pregnant (Non-Preg) and pregnant (Preg) rats were submitted (or not) to the deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt protocol and assigned as follows (n = 10/group): Non-Preg, Non-Preg+DOCA, Preg, and Preg+DOCA groups. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), angiogenesis-related factors, determinant levels of H2S (PbS), NO (NOx), and oxidative stress (MDA) were assessed. Vascular changes were recorded in thoracic aortas with PVAT and endothelium (intact and removed layers). Vasorelaxation responses to the substrate (L-cysteine) for the H2S-producing enzyme cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) were examined in the absence and presence of CSE-inhibitor DL-propargylglycine (PAG) in thoracic aorta rings pre-incubated with cofactor for CSE (pyridoxal-5 phosphate: PLP) and pre-contracted with phenylephrine. Hypertension was only found in the Preg+DOCA group. Preg+DOCA rats showed angiogenic imbalances and increased levels of MDA. PbS, but not NOx, showed increased levels in the Preg+DOCA group. Pre-incubation with PLP and L-cysteine elevated determinants of H2S in PVAT and placentas of Preg-DOCA rats, whereas no changes were found in the aortas without PVAT. Aortas of Preg-DOCA rats showed that PVAT-derived H2S-dependent vasodilation was greater compared to endothelium-derived H2S, whereas PAG blocked these responses. PVAT-derived H2S endogenously stimulated with the amino acid L-cysteine may be an alternative to induce vasorelaxation in endothelial dysfunction related to pregnancy hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Bianca de Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (P.B.d.O.); (G.P.Z.); (E.S.P.C.); (M.L.S.d.S.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Marília Medical School (FAMEMA), Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Palma Zochio
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (P.B.d.O.); (G.P.Z.); (E.S.P.C.); (M.L.S.d.S.)
| | - Edileia Souza Paula Caetano
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (P.B.d.O.); (G.P.Z.); (E.S.P.C.); (M.L.S.d.S.)
| | - Maria Luiza Santos da Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (P.B.d.O.); (G.P.Z.); (E.S.P.C.); (M.L.S.d.S.)
| | - Carlos Alan Dias-Junior
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (P.B.d.O.); (G.P.Z.); (E.S.P.C.); (M.L.S.d.S.)
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Luo J, He Z, Li Q, Lv M, Cai Y, Ke W, Niu X, Zhang Z. Adipokines in atherosclerosis: unraveling complex roles. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1235953. [PMID: 37645520 PMCID: PMC10461402 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1235953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are biologically active factors secreted by adipose tissue that act on local and distant tissues through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms. However, adipokines are believed to be involved in an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Classical adipokines include leptin, adiponectin, and ceramide, while newly identified adipokines include visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin, omentin, and asprosin. New evidence suggests that adipokines can play an essential role in atherosclerosis progression and regression. Here, we summarize the complex roles of various adipokines in atherosclerosis lesions. Representative protective adipokines include adiponectin and neuregulin 4; deteriorating adipokines include leptin, resistin, thrombospondin-1, and C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 5; and adipokines with dual protective and deteriorating effects include C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 1 and C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3; and adipose tissue-derived bioactive materials include sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramide, and adipose tissue-derived exosomes. However, the role of a newly discovered adipokine, asprosin, in atherosclerosis remains unclear. This article reviews progress in the research on the effects of adipokines in atherosclerosis and how they may be regulated to halt its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Luo
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengna Lv
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuli Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Ke
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Niu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Lázaro-Suárez ML, Domínguez de la Mora I, Rodríguez-Aguilar JC, Fortis-Barrera Á, Blancas-Flores G, Gómez-Zamudio JH, Alarcon-Villaseñor EF, Román-Ramos R, Alarcon-Aguilar FJ. Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Aorta Reactivity from Obese and Hyperglycemic CD-1 Mice: New Insights into Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:101-108. [PMID: 36399542 DOI: 10.1089/met.2022.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays an essential role in cardiovascular homeostasis. However, during obesity and diabetes, its role in vascular tone regulation is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the function of the PVAT on aorta reactivity in the lean and cafeteria (CAF) diet-induced obese-hyperglycemic mice model. Methods: Aorta reactivity to phenylephrine, KCl, and acetylcholine was analyzed in lean (n = 6) and obese mice (n = 6). Also, nitric oxide (NO-) and cyclooxygenase participation, in the presence (n = 6) and absence (n = 6) of PVAT, were examined in the aortas. Results: After a CAF diet for 19 weeks, obese mice showed increased body weight, glucose intolerance, and hypercholesterolemia concerning lean mice. Vascular reactivity to phenylephrine was reduced significantly in the aorta of obese mice. In contrast, the contraction produced by KCl (80 mM) was increased in the aorta of obese mice independent of PVAT. Acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation diminished in the aortas of obese mice in the presence of PVAT. Nonselective inhibition of cyclooxygenases likely shows that PVAT and endothelium release vasorelaxant prostanoids. Conclusions: The results suggest that PVAT modulates aorta reactivity by releasing NO-, decreasing the α1-adrenergic response to phenylephrine, and probably releasing vasorelaxant prostanoids. The data suggest that PVAT regulates the vascular smooth muscle and endothelial function in a CAF diet-induced obese-hyperglycemic mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L Lázaro-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Israel Domínguez de la Mora
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ángeles Fortis-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo Blancas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jaime H Gómez-Zamudio
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Rubén Román-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcon-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
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p-Aminobenzamidine attenuates cardiovascular dysfunctions in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2022; 304:120693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Loesch A, Dashwood MR. Saphenous Vein Vasa Vasorum as a Potential Target for Perivascular Fat-Derived Factors. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 35:964-969. [PMID: 33306322 PMCID: PMC7731844 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2020-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a source of factors affecting vasomotor tone with the potential to play a role in the performance of saphenous vein (SV) bypass grafts. As these factors have been described as having constrictor or relaxant effects, they may be considered either beneficial or detrimental. The close proximity of PVAT to the adventitia provides an environment whereby adipose tissue-derived factors may affect the vasa vasorum, a microvascular network providing the vessel wall with oxygen and nutrients. Since medial ischaemia promotes aspects of graft occlusion the involvement of the PVAT/vasa vasorum axis in vein graft patency should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Loesch
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Richard Dashwood
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
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Osikoya O, Ahmed H, Panahi S, Bourque SL, Goulopoulou S. Uterine perivascular adipose tissue is a novel mediator of uterine artery blood flow and reactivity in rat pregnancy. J Physiol 2019; 597:3833-3852. [PMID: 31165480 DOI: 10.1113/jp277643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS In vivo, uterine perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) potentiates uterine artery blood flow in pregnant rats, although not in non-pregnant rats. In isolated preparations, uterine PVAT has pro-contractile and anti-dilatory effects on uterine arteries. Pregnancy induces changes in uterine arteries that makes them responsive to uterine PVAT signalling. ABSTRACT An increase in uterine artery blood flow (UtBF) is a common and necessary feature of a healthy pregnancy. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that adipose tissue surrounding uterine arteries (uterine perivascular adipose tissue; PVAT) is a novel local mediator of UtBF and uterine artery tone during pregnancy. In vivo experiments in anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats showed that pregnant animals (gestational day 16, term = 22--23 days) had a three-fold higher UtBF compared to non-pregnant animals. Surgical removal of uterine PVAT reduced UtBF only in pregnant rats. In a series of ex vivo bioassays, we demonstrated that uterine PVAT had pro-contractile and anti-dilatory effects on rat uterine arteries. In the presence of PVAT-conditioned media, isolated uterine arteries from both pregnant and non-pregnant rats had reduced vasodilatory responses. In non-pregnant rats, these responses were mediated at the level of uterine vascular smooth muscle, whereas, in pregnant rats, PVAT-media reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation. Pregnancy increased adipocyte size in ovarian adipose tissue but had no effect on uterine PVAT adipocyte morphology. In addition, pregnancy down-regulated the gene expression of metabolic adipokines in uterine but not in aortic PVAT. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate that uterine PVAT plays a regulatory role in UtBF, at least in part, as a result of its actions on uterine artery tone. We propose that the interaction between the uterine vascular wall and its adjacent adipose tissue may provide new insights for interventions in pregnancies with adipose tissue dysfunction and abnormal UtBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobiloba Osikoya
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Hijab Ahmed
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Sareh Panahi
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Pharmacology, and Pediatrics, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stephane L Bourque
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Pharmacology, and Pediatrics, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Nava E, Llorens S. The Local Regulation of Vascular Function: From an Inside-Outside to an Outside-Inside Model. Front Physiol 2019; 10:729. [PMID: 31244683 PMCID: PMC6581701 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the regulation of vascular function, specifically that of vasomotion, has evolved dramatically over the past few decades. The classic conception of a vascular system solely regulated by circulating hormones and sympathetic innervation gave way to a vision of a local regulation. Initially by the so-called, autacoids like prostacyclin, which represented the first endothelium-derived paracrine regulator of smooth muscle. This was the prelude of the EDRF-nitric oxide age that has occupied vascular scientists for nearly 30 years. Endothelial cells revealed to have the ability to generate numerous mediators besides prostacyclin and nitric oxide (NO). The need to classify these substances led to the coining of the terms: endothelium-derived relaxing, hyperpolarizing and contracting factors, which included various prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, endothelin, as well numerous candidates for the hyperpolarizing factor. The opposite layer of the vascular wall, the adventitia, eventually and for a quite short period of time, enjoyed the attention of some vascular physiologists. Adventitial fibroblasts were recognized as paracrine cells to the smooth muscle because of their ability to produce some substances such as superoxide. Remarkably, this took place before our awareness of the functional potential of another adventitial cell, the adipocyte. Possibly, because the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) was systematically removed during the experiments as considered a non-vascular artifact tissue, it took quite long to be considered a major source of paracrine substances. These are now being integrated in the vast pool of mediators synthesized by adipocytes, known as adipokines. They include hormones involved in metabolic regulation, like leptin or adiponectin; classic vascular mediators like NO, angiotensin II or catecholamines; and inflammatory mediators or adipocytokines. The first substance studied was an anti-contractile factor named adipose-derived relaxing factor of uncertain chemical nature but possibly, some of the relaxing mediators mentioned above are behind this factor. This manuscript intends to review the vascular regulation from the point of view of the paracrine control exerted by the cells present in the vascular environment, namely, endothelial, adventitial, adipocyte and vascular stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Nava
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Silvia Llorens
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Enhanced Vasodilation in Metabolic Syndrome Rats by Apelin and N-Acetyl⁻l-Cysteine-Sensitive Factor(s). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010106. [PMID: 30597883 PMCID: PMC6337496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) can regulate vascular tone. In mesenteric arteries of SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr rats (SHRSP.ZF) with metabolic syndrome, vascular dysfunction is compensated by PVAT-dependent mechanisms that disappear with increasing age. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of the age-related changes and responsible factor(s) involved in the enhancing effects of mesenteric arterial PVAT in SHRSP.ZF. Acetylcholine- and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxations of isolated arteries were greater with PVAT than without PVAT at 17 and 20 weeks of age (wks), and as expected, this enhancement by the presence of PVAT disappeared at 23 wks. PVAT mRNA levels of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor-associated protein was less and AT1 receptor was unchanged at 23 wks when compared to 20 wks. At 20 wks, the enhanced acetylcholine-induced relaxation by the presence of PVAT was inhibited by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Acetylcholine-induced relaxation of arteries without PVAT was increased in the presence of exogenously added apelin. PVAT mRNA level of apelin was higher in SHRSP.ZF than in control Wistar-Kyoto rats, and the level was decreased with aging. These results suggest that AT1 receptor activation in PVAT, and changes in the regulation of apelin and a NAC-sensitive factor are related to the age-dependent deterioration of the vasodilation enhancing effects of mesenteric arterial PVAT in SHRSP.ZF.
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Aliasghari F, Izadi A, Jabbari M, Imani B, Gargari BP, Asjodi F, Ebrahimi S. Are Vaspin and Omentin-1 Related to Insulin Resistance, Blood Pressure and Inflammation in NAFLD Patients? J Med Biochem 2018; 37:470-475. [PMID: 30584407 PMCID: PMC6298482 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2018-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of insulin resistance, is the most common cause of chronic liver. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of vaspin and omentin-1 in the NAFLD-related pathology including IR, inflammation and elevated blood pressure. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 83 NAFLD patients in Jahrom, Iran. Plasma levels of omentin-1, vaspin, hs-CRP and IL-6 were measured. Anthropometric indices, lipid profiles, liver enzymes as well as abdominal ultrasonography were assessed. RESULTS Partial correlations controlling for age and sex showed significant positive correlation between vaspin and fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP. It has been observed that omentin negatively correlated with glucose levels. Moreover, a marginally significant association has been found between omentin levels and systolic blood pressure (SBP). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that vaspin and omentin-1 are associated with inflammation, insulin resistance and serum glucose levels in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Aliasghari
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azimeh Izadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jabbari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Imani
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Foad Asjodi
- Sport Nutrition board in the IFMARC (Iran Football Medical Assessment and Research Center), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ebrahimi
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Faculty of Health Science, Deakin University, MelbourneAustralia
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Molecular Mechanisms of Vaspin Action - From Adipose Tissue to Skin and Bone, from Blood Vessels to the Brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1111:159-188. [PMID: 30051323 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) or SERPINA12 according to the serpin nomenclature was identified together with other genes and gene products that were specifically expressed or overexpressed in the intra-abdominal or visceral adipose tissue (AT) of the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rat. These rats spontaneously develop visceral obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and -glycemia, as well as hypertension and thus represent a well suited animal model of obesity and related metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes.The follow-up study reporting the cloning, expression and functional characterization of vaspin suggested the great and promising potential of this molecule to counteract obesity induced insulin resistance and inflammation and has since initiated over 300 publications, clinical and experimental, that have contributed to uncover the multifaceted functions and molecular mechanisms of vaspin action not only in the adipose, but in many different cells, tissues and organs. This review will give an update on mechanistic and structural aspects of vaspin with a focus on its serpin function, the physiology and regulation of vaspin expression, and will summarize the latest on vaspin function in various tissues such as the different adipose tissue depots as well as the vasculature, skin, bone and the brain.
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Abdel Ghany SM, Sayed AA, El-Deek SEM, ElBadre HM, Dahpy MA, Saleh MA, Sharaf El-Deen H, Mustafa MH. Obesity risk prediction among women of Upper Egypt: The impact of serum vaspin and vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism. Gene 2017; 626:140-148. [PMID: 28479386 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaspin is an adipokine that is potentially linking obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes. AIM The present study aimed to investigate the impact of vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism on the risk of obesity, diabetes, their metabolic traits, and serum vaspin levels in a sample of Upper Egyptian women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 224 subjects, 112 obese (62 non diabetics, 50 diabetics) and 112 controls were included in this case control study. Vaspin gene rs2236242 polymorphism was performed using tetra-amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) and serum vaspin levels were estimated by ELISA. RESULTS The minor (A) allele of vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism was significantly lower in obese (30.8%) than controls (43.7%) (P=0.005). The protective effect was evident in dominant and recessive inheritance models (TT vs TA+AA, P=0.004 and TT+TA vs AA, P=0.036). After adjusting genotypes for diabetes there were no significant association between vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism and obesity but significant association was maintained in the obese diabetics. Vaspin serum levels were found to be lower in minor protective (AA) genotype carriers than the other two genotypes (P<0.001). In the mean-time serum vaspin levels were significantly higher in obese diabetics and non-diabetics than controls (P<0.001 each).There were significant positive correlations between vaspin levels and hs-CRP, cholesterol, LDL-C, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, insulin, and ALT values (P<0.05 each) and a negative correlation with HDL-C (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The minor A allele of vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism plays a protective role against obesity and diabetes but this relation is largely ascribed to its effect on insulin resistance. The serum vaspin concentration was lower in minor protective allele carriers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of vaspin SNP in Upper Egyptian women. The entire understanding of vaspin intimate mechanistic action might enable the development of novel etiology-based treatment strategies for obesity, the complex genetic trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad M Abdel Ghany
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ayat A Sayed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sahar E M El-Deek
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Hala M ElBadre
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Dahpy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Medhat A Saleh
- Public Health and Community Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanan Sharaf El-Deen
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Mustafa
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Mrowka
- Klinik fuer Innere Medizin III; AG Experimentelle Nephrologie; Universitaetsklinikum Jena; Jena Germany
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13
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Kazama K, Hoshino K, Kodama T, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Adipocytokine, progranulin, augments acetylcholine-induced nitric oxide-mediated relaxation through the increases of cGMP production in rat isolated mesenteric artery. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:781-789. [PMID: 27332749 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM Progranulin (PGRN) is a novel adipocytokine with anti-inflammatory effects in vascular cells. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of PGRN on reactivity of isolated blood vessel. METHODS Isometric contraction of rat isolated superior mesenteric artery was measured. RESULTS Pre-treatment with PGRN (10-100 ng mL-1 , 30 min) had no effect on noradrenaline- or 5-hydroxytriptamine-induced contraction. On the other hand, pre-treatment with PGRN (100 ng mL-1 ) augmented acetylcholine (ACh; 30 nm)-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation. Pre-treatment with PGRN (100 ng mL-1 ) augmented ACh (10 μm)-induced nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation in the presence of indomethacin (10 μm), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and tetraethyl ammonium (10 mm), a non-selective potassium channel blocker. In contrast, pre-treatment with PGRN (100 ng mL-1 ) had no effect on ACh-induced endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated relaxation. Pre-treatment with PGRN (100 ng mL-1 ) had no effect on ACh (10 μm, 1 min)-induced endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation (at Ser1177) as determined by Western blotting. Pre-treatment with PGRN (100 ng mL-1 ) augmented an NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 30 nm-1 μm)- but not a membrane-permeable cGMP analogue, 8-bromo-cGMP-induced relaxation. In the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (100 μm), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pre-treatment with PGRN (100 ng mL-1 ) increased SNP (30 nm, 5 min)-induced cGMP production as determined by enzyme immunoassay. CONCLUSION We for the first time demonstrate that PGRN augments ACh-induced NO-mediated relaxation through the increases of cGMP production in smooth muscle. These results indicate PGRN as a possible pharmacotherapeutic target against cardiovascular diseases including obesity-related hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kazama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - K. Hoshino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - T. Kodama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - M. Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - H. Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
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Simonsen U, Boedtkjer E. New roles of factors from perivascular tissue in regulation of vascular tone. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:159-62. [PMID: 26495823 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - E. Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
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