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Fouad Y, Sanai F, Alboraie M, Zheng MH. What the New Definition of MASLD Left Behind: Dual Etiology With Viral Hepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:1751-1752. [PMID: 38042230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Fouad
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Faisal Sanai
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alboraie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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2
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Zelber-Sagi S, Carrieri P, Pericàs JM, Ivancovsky-Wajcman D, Younossi ZM, Lazarus JV. Food inequity and insecurity and MASLD: burden, challenges, and interventions. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:10.1038/s41575-024-00959-4. [PMID: 39075288 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Liver disease prevalence, severity, outcomes and hepatic risk factors (for example, unhealthy diet) are heavily affected by socioeconomic status and food insecurity. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent liver disease globally and is likely to co-occur with other liver diseases associated with food insecurity. Though weight reduction and adopting a healthy diet can reverse the course of MASLD, gaps between recommendations and practice transcend individual responsibility and preference. Broader sociocultural determinants of food choices (social nutrition) include food insecurity, community and social norms and the local environment, including commercial pressures that target people experiencing poverty, ethnic minorities and children. Food insecurity is a barrier to a healthy diet, as a low-quality diet is often less expensive than a healthy one. Consequently, food insecurity is an 'upstream' risk factor for MASLD, advanced fibrosis and greater all-cause mortality among patients with liver disease. Intervening on food insecurity at four major levels (environment, policy, community and health care) can reduce the burden of liver disease, thereby reducing social and health inequities. In this Review, we report on the current research in the field, the need for implementing proven interventions, and the role liver specialists can have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Zelber-Sagi
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- The Global NASH Council, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Juan M Pericàs
- Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
- Johns Hopkins University-Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dana Ivancovsky-Wajcman
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- The Global NASH Council, Washington, DC, USA
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey V Lazarus
- The Global NASH Council, Washington, DC, USA
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York, NY, USA
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3
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Dawood RM, Salum GM, Abd El-Meguid M, Fotouh BES. Molecular Insights of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pathogenesis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024; 44:111-123. [PMID: 38301145 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most prevalent chronic liver disease. Many hepatic abnormalities are associated with NAFLD such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. Moreover, the pathogenesis of NAFLD has numerous etiologies and can be explained due to the existence of several of stimulus that act simultaneously on genetically susceptible patients. These stimuli include obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. In addition, identifying the role of gut microbiota on NAFLD progression has been illustrated. In this review, we clarified the several factors that lead to the development of NAFLD and identify those who are most at risk of developing liver end-stage disease. Highlighting the noninvasive diagnostic NAFLD markers could be helpful in the disease prevention and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Mohammed Dawood
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghada Maher Salum
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai Abd El-Meguid
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Basma El-Sayed Fotouh
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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4
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Huang CF, Liang PC, Tsai PC, Wei YJ, Huang CI, Wang CW, Jang TY, Yeh ML, Hsu PY, Hsieh MY, Lin YH, Dai CY, Chuang WL, Huang JF, Yu ML. The interplay of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and viral hepatitis on liver disease severity: A large community-based study in a viral endemic area. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:193-201. [PMID: 37731071 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and its interplay with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in terms of liver disease severity is elusive. METHODS A mass surveillance program was conducted in a viral hepatitis endemic area. The objective was to identify MAFLD/non-MAFLD subjects with advanced liver disease. RESULTS Two thousand two hundred and forty-two (41.7%) of the 5378 subjects were identified as having MAFLD, and 375 (7.0%) had advanced liver disease. The proportions of anti-HCV and HBsAg seropositivity were 19.3% and 9.7%, respectively. The proportions of advanced fibrosis in subjects with non-viral hepatitis (NBNC), HBV and HCV infection were 2.8%, 5.7% and 23.4%, respectively. Subjects with MAFLD had a significantly higher proportion of advanced fibrosis (8.7% vs 5.7%, P < 0.001). Factors associated with advanced fibrosis included age (odds ratio [OR]/95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.8/3.7-6.0, P < 0.001), male sex (OR/CI: 1.3/1.0-1.7, P = 0.019), anti-HCV seropositivity (OR/CI: 5.9/4.6-7.5, P = 0.019), MAFLD-lean metabolic dysregulation (MS) (OR/CI: 2.6/1.3-5.2, P = 0.005; compared with the non-MAFLD group) and MAFLD-diabetes (OR/CI: 1.5/1.1-2.1, P = 0.008; compared with the non-MAFLD group). MAFLD did not aggravate liver disease severity in patients with viral hepatitis. However, among NBNC subjects, factors associated with advanced liver disease included MAFLD-lean MS group (OR/CI: 9.1/2.4-34.6, P = 0.001; compared with non-MAFLD group) and MAFLD-DM group (OR/CI: 2.0/1.2-3.2, P = 0.004; compared with non-MAFLD group). CONCLUSIONS MAFLD patients with diabetes and metabolic dysregulation had a higher risk of advanced liver disease. The effect was more significant in non-viral hepatitis subjects in a community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Feng Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-I Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tyng-Yuan Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yao Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lombardi R, Colavolpe L, Alletto F, Cespiati A, Fatta E, Bertelli C, Cinque F, Pisano G, Pulixi E, Francione P, Maffi G, Iuculano F, Dongiovanni P, Meroni M, Burdick L, Bignamini D, Maggioni M, Valenti L, Fargion S, Fracanzani AL. Comparison of the severity of metabolic, liver and cardiovascular damage in NAFLD patients attending the hepatology clinic over the last three decades. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:144-151. [PMID: 37507284 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NAFLD prevalence is increasing worldwide. AIM to assess whether severity of hepatic, metabolic and cardiovascular (CV) disease changed over time. METHODS 422 NAFLD patients (388 biopsy proven and 34 clinical cirrhosis) diagnosed between 1990 and 2021 and subdivided according to decade of presentation. Metabolic parameters, early atherosclerosis (carotid plaques at Doppler ultrasound), severity of liver damage (NAS score, NASH, significant fibrosis (≥2) and cirrhosis) and PNPLA3 genotyping were assessed. RESULTS No difference in age, sex and prevalence of dyslipidemia and hypertension was found across decades (p for trend), whereas a higher prevalence of diabetes (p = 0.02), obesity (p<0.001), histological severe steatosis (p<0.001), NASH (p<0.001), fibrosis ≥2 (p<0.001), cirrhosis (p<0.001) and carotid plaques (p = 0.05) was observed in the last decade compared to the others. A higher prevalence of PNPLA3 GG polymorphism was found over time (p = 0.02). In the whole cohort, age, metabolic alterations and PNPLA3 G homozygosity were independent risk factors for hepatic fibrosis and carotid plaques, independently of the decade considered. CONCLUSION Over the past 10 years compared to previous decades, NAFLD patients presented to observation with more severe liver disease and subclinical atherosclerosis, paralleling the spread of diabetes and obesity. PNPLA3 unfavorable genotype became more prevalent over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lombardi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Lucia Colavolpe
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Alletto
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cespiati
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Fatta
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Bertelli
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Felice Cinque
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pisano
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pulixi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Francione
- UO di Medicina, Azienda Ospedaliera "Card. G. Panico" di Tricase, Italy
| | - Gabriele Maffi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Iuculano
- UO Medicina Interna, Asst Nord Milano, Ospedale Edoardo Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Meroni
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Larry Burdick
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Bignamini
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Maggioni
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
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Kim MN, Han K, Yoo J, Hwang SG, Zhang X, Ahn SH. Diabetic MAFLD is associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality in chronic viral hepatitis patients. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:1448-1458. [PMID: 37439276 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) can coexist with chronic viral hepatitis. MAFLD is a heterogeneous disease because the diagnostic criteria include various metabolic traits. We aimed to identify patients at high risk of poor long-term outcomes based on MAFLD subgroups in chronic viral hepatitis patients. We evaluated 63 273 chronic hepatitis B and C patients. Patient with a fatty liver index ≥30 was defined to have hepatic steatosis. MAFLD was defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis with any one of the following three conditions, overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes or ≥2 metabolic risk factors. The prevalence of MAFLD was 38.4% (n = 24 290). During a median 8.8-year follow-up, 1839 HCCs and 2258 deaths were documented in MAFLD patients. Among MAFLD patients, diabetes could identify patients at high risk of HCC and mortality, whereas overweight/obesity and metabolic risk factors did not. Compared with non-MAFLD patients, risk of HCC and mortality was significantly higher in diabetic MAFLD patients (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26-1.43 for HCC; aHR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.08-1.22 for mortality). Risk of HCC and mortality was significantly higher in diabetic MAFLD patients (aHR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.26-1.55 for HCC; aHR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.63-1.93 for mortality) compared with non-diabetic MAFLD patients. Diabetic MAFLD is associated with increased risk of HCC and mortality among chronic viral hepatitis patients. Our findings highlight the need for close surveillance and effective treatment for these high-risk patients to reduce HCC and mortality in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Na Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Yoo
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Gyu Hwang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Martín-Escolano R, Virseda-Berdices A, Berenguer J, González-García J, Brochado-Kith O, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Díez C, Hontañon V, Resino S, Jiménez-Sousa MÁ. Predictive plasma biomarkers of long-term increase in hepatic steatosis index after HCV eradication in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114913. [PMID: 37216704 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is a common condition found in the liver of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients, contributing to more severe forms of liver disease. In addition, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may accelerate this process. Alternatively, several immune checkpoint proteins have been reported to be upregulated and correlated with disease progression during HCV and HIV infections. In steatosis, a detrimental immune system activation has been established; however, the role of the immune checkpoints has not been addressed so far. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the association between plasma immune checkpoint proteins at baseline (before antiviral therapy) with hepatic steatosis index (HSI) increase at the end of follow-up (∼ five years after sustained virologic response (SVR)). We performed a multicenter retrospective study in 62 patients coinfected with HIV/HCV who started antiviral therapy. Immune checkpoint proteins were analyzed at baseline using a Luminex 200TM analyzer. The statistical association analysis was carried out using Generalized Linear Models (GLM) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). Fifty-three percent of the patients showed HSI increase from baseline to the end of follow-up. Higher immune checkpoint protein levels of BTLA, CD137(4-1BB), CD80, GITR, LAG-3, and PD-L1 before HCV therapy were associated with a long-term increase in HSI after successful HCV therapy, suggesting a potential predictive role for early detection of progression towards steatosis in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martín-Escolano
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Virseda-Berdices
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Berenguer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH; Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan González-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna-Unidad de VIH. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPAZ). Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Brochado-Kith
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Díez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH; Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Hontañon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna-Unidad de VIH. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPAZ). Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Jiménez-Sousa
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Ayonrinde O, Goodheart R. Editorial: chronic hepatitis C with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease - a model for adoption of Sustainable Development Goal 3. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:270-271. [PMID: 36468204 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oyekoya Ayonrinde
- Department of Gastro and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Muroch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard Goodheart
- Department of Gastro and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Muroch, Western Australia, Australia
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Zhao Q, Deng Y. Letter: metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease increases risk of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:272-273. [PMID: 36565009 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunlei Deng
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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