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Ashayerizadeh A, Jazi V, Rezvani M, Mohebodini H, Soumeh E, Abdollahi M. An investigation into the influence of fermented cottonseed meal on the productive performance, egg quality, and gut health in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103574. [PMID: 38564832 PMCID: PMC10999706 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with either cottonseed meal (CSM) or fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on the productive performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry parameters, gut bacterial population, and small intestinal morphology of laying hens. A total of 648 Hy-Line W36 laying hens aged 40 weeks were randomly assigned to 9 treatments, with 6 replicates each and 12 birds per replicate. The feeding trial lasted 12 weeks. The treatments consisted of a control diet based on corn and SBM, as well as 8 experimental diets in which 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30% of the SBM in the control diet was replaced with either CSM or FCSM. Laying hens fed diets with different levels of FCSM had higher egg production and egg mass than those fed with CSM diets at weeks 46 to 51 (P < 0.05). Diets containing FCSM also significantly improved the feed conversion ratio at weeks 40 to 45 and 46 to 51 (P < 0.05). Eggshell strength was significantly greater in birds fed diets containing FCSM than those fed other dietary treatments at 51 weeks of age (P < 0.05). Hens fed diets containing FCSM had higher calcium and lower cholesterol in serum than those on other diets (P < 0.05). Replacing SBM with FCSM decreased the egg yolk cholesterol content (P < 0.05). Additionally, feeding diets containing different levels of FCSM increased villus height and villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Diets containing FCSM also reduced pH and coliform population in the ileum, and ceca and increased lactic acid bacteria count in the crop and ceca (P < 0.05). Overall, the present data showed that including FCSM in the diet of laying hens can positively affect productive performance compared to CSM. Moreover, substituting SBM with FCSM, can improve eggshell quality, promote gut health, and reduce egg yolk cholesterol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ashayerizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - V. Jazi
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - M.R. Rezvani
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - H. Mohebodini
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - E.A. Soumeh
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - M.R. Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
- 2 A2Z Poultry Feed DynamikZ, Villeurbanne 69100, France
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Wu W, Ma X, Chen R, Fan J, Ye W, Chen Z, Huang Q, Qian L. Effects of Phytosterol Ester Supplementation on Egg Characteristics, Eggshell Ultrastructure, Antioxidant Capacity, Liver Function and Hepatic Metabolites of Laying Hens during Peak Laying Period. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:458. [PMID: 38671906 PMCID: PMC11047565 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary Phytosterol Ester (PSE) supplementation on egg characteristics, eggshell ultrastructure, antioxidant capacity, liver function, hepatic metabolites, and its mechanism of action in Hy-Line Brown laying hens during peak laying period. A total of 256 healthy Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated into four groups. The hens in the control group were fed a basal diet, while those in the experimental groups were fed a basal diet further supplemented with 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg PSE, respectively. It was found that the addition of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg PSE to the diets increased egg weight, but decreased egg breaking strength (p < 0.05). The addition of PSEs to the diets increased albumen height and Haugh unit in all experimental groups (p < 0.05). Electron microscopic observation revealed that the mammillary thickness increased significantly at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg, but the total thickness decreased, and the effective thickness also thinned (p < 0.05). The mammillary width narrowed in all experimental groups (p < 0.001). Dietary supplementation with 40 mg/kg PSE significantly increased egg yolk Phenylalanine, Leucine, and Isoleucine levels (p < 0.05). In untargeted liver metabolomic analyses, L-Phenylalanine increased significantly in all experimental groups. Leucyl-Lysine, Glutamyl-Leucyl-Arginine, and L-Tryptophan increased significantly at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg (p < 0.05), and L-Tyrosine increased significantly at doses of 10 and 40 mg/kg (p = 0.033). Aspartyl-Isoleucine also increased significantly at a dose of 10 mg/kg (p = 0.044). The concentration of total protein in the liver was significantly higher at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg than that of the control group, and the concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The concentration of triglyceride and alkaline phosphatase were significantly reduced in all experimental groups (p < 0.05). Steatosis and hemorrhage in the liver were also improved by observing the H&E-stained sections of the liver. Concerning the antioxidant capacity in the liver, malondialdehyde concentration was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) at a dose of 40 mg/kg. In the ovary, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentrations were significantly reduced (p < 0.001). In all the experimental groups, plasma nitric oxide concentration was significantly decreased while superoxide dismutase was significantly increased, and total antioxidant capacity concentration was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the 10 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg doses. Metabolomics analyses revealed that PSEs play a role in promoting protein synthesis by promoting Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism, among other pathways. This study showed that the dietary addition of PSEs improved egg characteristics, antioxidant capacity, liver function, and symptoms of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in Hy-Line Brown laying hens at peak laying stage. The changes in liver metabolism suggest that the mechanism of action may be related to pathways such as Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PSEs are safe and effective dietary additives as an alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.W.); (X.M.); (Q.H.)
| | - Xin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.W.); (X.M.); (Q.H.)
| | - Rui Chen
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China; (R.C.); (W.Y.); (Z.C.)
| | - Jinghui Fan
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310004, China;
| | - Wenxin Ye
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China; (R.C.); (W.Y.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China; (R.C.); (W.Y.); (Z.C.)
| | - Qixin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.W.); (X.M.); (Q.H.)
| | - Lichun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.W.); (X.M.); (Q.H.)
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Qiu K, Wang XC, Wang J, Wang H, Qi GH, Zhang HJ, Wu SG. Comparison of amino acid digestibility of soybean meal, cottonseed meal, and low-gossypol cottonseed meal between broilers and laying hens. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:619-628. [PMID: 36108696 PMCID: PMC9996273 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine and compare the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM), and low-gossypol cottonseed meal (LCSM) fed to broiler chickens and laying hens. METHODS Three semi-purified diets containing the identical crude protein concentration at 20% were formulated to contain SBM, CSM, or LCSM as the sole source of N. A N-free diet was also formulated to estimate the basal ileal endogenous losses of AA for broilers and hens. A total of 300 male Ross 308 chicks at one-day-old and 144 Hy-Line Brown laying hens at 30-week-old with initial egg production rate of 88.3%±1.0% were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 dietary treatments, respectively. RESULTS CSM and LCSM showed more Arg and Cys+Met while less Lys, Ile, Leu, and Thr relative to SBM. Significant interactions existed between species and experimental diets for AID (except for Arg, Asp, Glu, Gly, and Pro) and SID (except for Arg, His, and Phe) of most AA. Most AA in diets showed higher AID (except for Lys) and SID (except for Lys, Met, and Ser) in broilers relative to laying hens. The AID and SID of all AA were significantly different between the three diets. In broilers, the AID and SID of most indispensable AA except for Arg in SBM and LCSM was higher than CSM. In laying hens, the AID and SID of most indispensable AA except for Arg, Met+Cys, and Phe in SBM was higher than CSM and LCSM. CONCLUSION The accurate determination of AID and SID of AA in CSM and LCSM for broilers and layers benefits the application of CSM and LCSM in chicken diets. The cottonseed by-products CSM or LCSM showed the species-specific AA digestibility values for broilers and layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiao-Cui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Lonicera flos and Cnicus japonicus extracts improved egg quality partly by modulating antioxidant status, inflammatory-related cytokines and shell matrix protein expression of oviduct in laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102561. [PMID: 36867918 PMCID: PMC10011517 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Lonicera flos and Cnicus japonicus extracts (LCE) on the laying performance, egg quality, morphology, antioxidant status, inflammatory-related cytokines, and shell matrix protein expression of oviduct in laying hens. A total of 1,728 Roman Pink laying hens aged 73-wk-old were randomly assigned into 4 groups (18 replicates/group, 24 layers/replicate) fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 300, 500, and 1,000 mg of LCE per kg of diet, respectively. The trial lasted for 11 wk, including 2-wk adjustment period and 9-wk testing period. The results indicated that laying hens fed diets supplemented with LCE linearly increased egg weight, yolk color and shell thickness at wk 78 and albumen height, Haugh unit and shell thickness at wk 83 (P < 0.05). At wk 78, LCE groups linearly affected the hydrogen peroxide content in magnum (P < 0.05) and 300 mg/kg LCE groups had the highest catalase activity in isthmus (P < 0.05). At wk 83, LCE groups linearly reduced (P < 0.05) hydrogen peroxide content in the magnum and isthmus and malondialdehyde content in the uterus whereas increased catalase activity in isthmus (P < 0.05). Furthermore, LCE levels quadratically affected glutathione peroxidase activity in isthmus at wk 83 (P < 0.05). At wk 78, the mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interferon-γ in isthmus and ovalbumin and ovocleidin-116 in uterus had linear effects in response to LCE levels (P < 0.05) and 1,000 mg/kg LCE group had the lowest mRNA expression of interleukin-6 in magnum (P < 0.05). At wk 83, LCE supplementation linearly decreased the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α in magnum and tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase in uterus (P < 0.05). It is concluded that LCE improved egg quality partly by modulating antioxidant status, inflammatory-related cytokines and shell matrix protein expression of oviduct in laying hens.
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Obianwuna UE, Qiu K, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Qi GH, Huang LL, Wu SG. Effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum and fructooligosaccharides, alone or in combination, on performance, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, jejunal morphology, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of laying hens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1125897. [PMID: 36910205 PMCID: PMC9992415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1125897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Clostridium butyricum (CB) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) singly or combined, on performance, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, jejunal morphology, immune function and antioxidant capacity in peak-phase laying hens. A total of 288 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (30 weeks of age) were randomly assigned to 4 dietary groups that included basal diet, basal diet +0.02% of CB (zlc-17: 1 × 109 CFU/g) (PRO), basal diet +0.6% FOS (PRE), and basal diet +0.02% CB + 0.6% FOS (SYN) for 12 weeks. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 12 birds each. The results demonstrated that probiotics (PRO), prebiotics (PRE) and synbiotics (SYN) (p ≤ 0.05), respectively, exerted a positive effect on the performance and physiological response of the birds. There were significant increases in egg production rate, egg weight, egg mass, daily feed intake and reduced number of damaged eggs. and zero mortality rate due to dietary PRO, PRE and SYN (p ≤ 0.05) respectively. Also, feed conversion was improved by PRO (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, egg quality assessment showed that; eggshell quality was increased by PRO (p ≤ 0.05) and albumen indices (Haugh unit, thick albumen content, and albumen height) were enhanced by PRO, PRE and SYN (p ≤ 0.05). Further analysis showed that PRO, PRE and SYN (p ≤ 0.05), reduced heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, increased antioxidant enzymes and immunoglobulin concentration. Although spleen index was higher for PRO (p ≤ 0.05) group. The significant increase in villi height, villi width, villi height to crypt depth ratio and reduced crypt depth were obvious for PRO, PRE, and SYN (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, improved nutrient absorption and retention evidenced by increased digestibility of crude protein and amino acids, were notable for PRO, PRE, and SYN (p ≤ 0.05) group. Collectively, our findings revealed that dietary CB and FOS alone, or combined, enhanced productive performance, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, jejunal morphology, and physiological response in peak-phase laying hens. Our results would provide direction on nutritional strategies for gut enhancers and better physiological response of peak laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Ling Huang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang Z, Yang D, Liu L, Chang Z, Peng N. Effective gossypol removal from cottonseed meal through optimized solid-state fermentation by Bacillus coagulans. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:252. [PMID: 36456988 PMCID: PMC9714218 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cottonseed meal (CSM) is the main by-product of the cottonseed oil extraction process with high protein content, which is an important protein source for feed industry. However, CSM contains free gossypol (FG), a toxic substance that is detrimental to animal health and greatly limits its application. Microbial fermentation is currently considered to be one of the most effective methods to reduce FG and other anti-nutritional factors in CSM. Previously, yeast and bacteria species are used for degradation of FG in CSM, but showing less detoxification efficiency. Bacillus coagulans combines the properties of both lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus, producing both lactic acid and spores, and is considered a potential probiotic. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and optimize the effect of the solid-state fermentation process using a Bacillus coagulans to gossypol removal contained cottonseed meal. RESULTS 36 B. coagulans strains were isolated and found to have the ability to remove free gossypol. Through the evaluation of strains and optimization of fermentation conditions including fermentation temperature, ratio of material to water, inoculation amount, fermentation time and pH, we have established a solid-state fermentation process using a Bacillus coagulans strain S17 on CSM substrate with 1:1 of the material-to-water ratio, 15% (v/w) seed inoculation, 2% expanded corn flour, 1% bran, and 0.3%-0.8% metal irons at 40 °C for 52 h. After fermentation, the FG content in CSM was reduced from 923.80 to 167.90 mg/kg with 81.83% detoxification efficiency. Meanwhile, the crude protein content in CSM increased from 47.98 to 52.82%, and importantly, the spore concentration of strain S17 reached 1.68 × 1010 CFU/g dry material. CONCLUSION The study showed that B. coagulans have the potential strong ability to degrade free gossypol through cottonseed meal fermentation. This study presents a feasible process for improving the resource utilization rate and nutritional value of CSM via solid-state fermentation through B. coagulans S17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenting Zhang
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People’s Republic of China ,grid.413458.f0000 0000 9330 9891School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Danlu Yang
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangbing Chang
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Peng
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People’s Republic of China ,National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People’s Republic of China
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Romero ADC, Calori-Domingues MA, Abdalla AL, Augusto PED. Evaluation of ozone technology as an alternative for degradation of free gossypol in cottonseed meal: a prospective study. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:659-669. [PMID: 33539216 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1865579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Free gossypol is a toxic compound which naturally occurs in cottonseed and its derivates, affecting animal and possibly human health. Consequently, alternatives for gossypol destruction must be evaluated. This work evaluated the emerging technology of ozone processing for free gossypol destruction in cottonseed meal. Ozonation was carried out in the actual cottonseed meal and also a model system, designed to describe the involved mode of action. The model system consisted of glass pearls beads covered with free gossypol. Ozonation was performed in two ways: as a static process, i.e., without homogenising the sample after placing them in the reactor, and also homogenising it. Ozone degraded free gossypol in all the systems, but reaching different levels. Free gossypol reduction was higher in the model system than the cottonseed meal, and higher in the homogenised processing than the static one: cottonseed meal in homogenised (56%) and static (25%); model system homogenised (98%) and static (80%). The obtained differences suggest a problem of gas penetration in the solid particles, the effect of unexposed surfaces due to contact areas, and the reaction with other organic molecules further than the target. Ozonation is a promising technique for gossypol degradation in cottonseed meal, but additional strategies are needed to optimise the ozonation process and evaluate toxicological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra de Cássia Romero
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition (LAN), "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Maria Antonia Calori-Domingues
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition (LAN), "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Adibe Luiz Abdalla
- Animal Nutrition, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Pedro Esteves Duarte Augusto
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition (LAN), "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil.,Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Testis Toxicants: Lesson from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:307-319. [PMID: 34453743 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The testis is one of the organs in the mammalian body that is sensitive to toxicants. Accumulating evidence has shown that human exposure to toxic ingredients in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), such as triptolide, gossypol, cannabidol, piperine, α-solanine, matrine, aristolochic acid, and emodin, lead to testis injury and reproductive dysfunction. The most obvious phenotype is reduced sperm counts due to defects in spermatogenesis. Studies have also shown that Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubule, the functional unit of the testis that supports spermatogenesis, are the cell type that is most sensitive to the disruptive effects of toxicants. Since Sertoli cells are the "mother cells" that nurture germ cell development, Sertoli cell injury thus leads to failure in germ cell development in the seminiferous epithelium. Mounting evidence has shown that the Sertoli cell cytoskeletons, mitochondria function, Leydig cells steroidogenesis pathways and sperm ion channels are some of the prime targets of toxicants from TCM. We carefully evaluate recent findings in this area of research herein, and to provide a summary of these findings, including some insightful information regarding the underlying molecular basis of toxicant-induced testis injury that impede spermatogenesis.
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Metabolizable and Net Energy Values of Expanded Cottonseed Meal for Laying Hens and Broiler Chickens. J Poult Sci 2021; 59:143-151. [PMID: 35528383 PMCID: PMC9039141 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0210033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Wang L, Li A, Shi J, Liu K, Cheng J, Song D, Yan X, Wang Y, Wang W. Effects of different levels of cottonseed meal on laying performance, egg quality, intestinal immunity and hepatic histopathology in laying hens. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2020.1774745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuanbo Liu
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junlin Cheng
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Song
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Yan
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd./Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality & Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Availability, quality and utilisation of oil seed meals produced in the Middle East and North Africa regions. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933917001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mu Y, Zhu L, Yang A, Gao X, Zhang N, Sun L, Qi D. The effects of dietary cottonseed meal and oil supplementation on laying performance and egg quality of laying hens. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2436-2447. [PMID: 31367373 PMCID: PMC6657814 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cottonseed meal (CSM) and cottonseed oil (CSO), two cottonseed products, are rich in protein and lipids, respectively, but their use is limited by antinutritional factors in the products. This study investigated the effect of different dietary levels of CSM and CSO supplementation on the laying performance and egg quality of laying hens. A total of 162 24-week-old Hy-Line brown laying hens were randomly assigned to diets supplemented with 0, 6%, or 12% CSM and 0, 2%, or 4% CSO in a 3 × 3 factorial design. During the 8-week feeding trial, laying performance and egg quality parameters were measured weekly. Furthermore, a texture profile analysis (TPA) of the egg yolks was conducted, and the fatty acid profiles and protein composition of the yolks were measured to further determine egg quality. CSM supplementation decreased (p < 0.01) egg production and feed efficiency and increased (p < 0.01) yolk color, eggshell rate, and shell thickness, but had no significant effects on the TPA parameters, fatty acid profiles, and protein components of egg yolks. CSO supplementation resulted in decreases (p < 0.01) in egg production, egg weight, and feed efficiency and an increase (p < 0.01) in yolk color. In addition, CSO supplementation with two weeks of cold storage changed the physical properties of boiled egg yolks, as indicated by increased (p < 0.01) hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness. Furthermore, 4% CSO supplementation increased the ratio of saturated/monounsaturated fatty acids (SAFA/MUFA) and the protein content of egg yolks, which was accompanied by a modified protein composition. These results indicate that CSM supplementation reduces laying performance and egg quality, and CSO supplementation decreases laying performance and results in egg yolk hardening by modifying its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- School of food and biological engineeringHubei University of TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Luo‐Yi Zhu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ao Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Niya Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lvhui Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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Lim W, Ham J, Park S, Bae H, You S, Song G. Gossypol Induces Disruption of Spermatogenesis and Steroidogenesis in Male Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2075-2085. [PMID: 30678458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gossypol, commonly found in cotton seeds, is hazardous to male reproductive physiology. Although several studies have indicated the toxicity of gossypol in human and animal reproduction, the mechanism of gossypol action in testes has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of gossypol in normal mouse testis cells, TM3 and TM4 cells, and in gossypol-treated C57BL/6 mice. We confirmed the antiproliferative effects of gossypol using cell viability assays, with PCNA as a proliferation marker, and cell cycle analysis. We also verified mitochondrial dysfunction and Ca2+ dysregulation in the cytosol of TM3 and TM4 cells, using JC-1 and Fluo-4 dyes. To confirm the cellular signaling mechanisms in testis cell lines, we performed Western blot analysis to assess the changes in MAPK and PI3K/Akt signal transduction, using their pharmacological inhibitors. Moreover, we screened the mRNA expression of genes involved in spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in TM3 and TM4 cells. We also confirmed the mRNA expression and localization of genes regulating testis function in gossypol-treated and untreated mice testes. Collectively, we suggest that gossypol induces negative effects on testis function by reducing cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and testis development-related genes in vitro and in vivo as well as by modulating the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition , Kookmin University , Seoul , 02707 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ham
- Department of Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul , 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Department of Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul , 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyocheol Bae
- Department of Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul , 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkwon You
- Department of Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul , 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul , 02841 , Republic of Korea
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15
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Miao L, Li L, Qi M, Zhou M, Zhang N, Zou X. Effects of Excess Dietary Fluoride on Serum Biochemical Indices, Egg Quality, and Concentrations of Fluoride in Soft Organs, Eggs, and Serum of Laying Hens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 180:146-152. [PMID: 28281223 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of excess dietary fluoride (F) on serum biochemical indices, egg quality, and concentrations of F in soft tissues, eggs, and serum of laying hens. Commercial laying hens (n = 576, 51 weeks of age) were randomly allotted to 6 treatments with 6 replicates of 16 birds. The basal diets contained fluorine inclusions at a level of 16 mg/kg, and graded sodium fluoride was added to the basal diet to achieve fluorine inclusions, respectively, at a level of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg/kg in the experimental diets. Dietary F levels at 600, 800, and 1000 mg/kg decreased (P < 0.05) albumin height and yolk color, while eggshell strength and eggshell thickness significantly decreased at 800 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively, compared with the control group. Fluoride concentrations in eggshell, albumin, yolk, liver, kidney, ovary, and oviduct responded to dietary F levels positively, and F concentrations in eggshell were the highest. Fluorine concentrations in albumin and yolk increased with the feeding time at the same dietary F levels (P < 0.05). Dietary F level at 400 mg/kg increased serum calcium level and activity of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary F levels at 600 mg/kg decreased albumin height and yolk color, while eggshell strength and eggshell thickness significantly decreased at 800 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. F concentrations in soft tissues, albumin, yolk, and eggshell of layers had a positive correlation with dietary F levels. By disturbing Ca and phosphorus metabolism, dietary F levels affected the formation of eggshell, reducing eggshell strength and eggshell thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Miao
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mingxing Qi
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Minyao Zhou
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoting Zou
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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16
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He T, Zhang H, Wang J, Wu S, Yue H, Qi G. Proteomic comparison by iTRAQ combined with mass spectrometry of egg white proteins in laying hens (Gallus gallus) fed with soybean meal and cottonseed meal. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182886. [PMID: 28813468 PMCID: PMC5557595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cottonseed meal (CSM) is commonly used in hens' diets to replace soybean meal (SBM). However, the molecular consequences of this substitution remains unclear. To investigate the impact of this substitution at the molecular level, iTRAQ combined with biochemical analysis was performed in Hy-Line W-36 hens supplemented with a mixed diet of CSM and SBM. Egg weight, albumen height, and Haugh unit were significantly reduced in the CSM100 group (100% crude protein of SBM replaced by CSM) compared with the SBM group (P<0.05). A total of 15 proteins, accounting for 75% of egg white proteins with various biological functions of egg whites, were found to be reduced. This finding may relate to the decrease of albumen quality in the CSM100 group. Oviduct magnum morphology and hormone analysis indicated that a reduced level of plasma progesterone caused reduced growth of the tubular gland and epithelial cells in the magnum, further decreasing egg white protein synthesis in the magnum. These findings help demonstrate the molecular mechanisms of a CSM diet that cause adverse effects on albumen quality, while also showing that SBM should not be totally replaced with CSM in a hen diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyuan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Wang Y, Deng Q, Song D, Wang W, Zhou H, Wang L, Li A. Effects of fermented cottonseed meal on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, immune functions, antioxidative abilities, and cecal microflora in broilers. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1311308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Deng
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Song
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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18
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Wang X, Zhang H, Wang H, Yue H, Wang J, Wu S, Qi G. Effect of different protein ingredients on performance, egg quality, organ health, and jejunum morphology of laying hens. Poult Sci 2017; 96:1316-1324. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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19
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Qi M, Sun LH, Guo J, Liu J, Duan YZ, Wang X, Zeng CP, Qi DS, Zhang NY. Abnormal characteristics of eggs laid by hens fed with high levels of cottonseed meal. J APPL POULTRY RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfw053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Wang X, Zhang H, Wang H, Wang J, Wu S, Qi G. Effect of dietary protein sources on production performance, egg quality, and plasma parameters of laying hens. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:400-409. [PMID: 27608634 PMCID: PMC5337920 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein sources (soybean meal, SBM; low-gossypol cottonseed meal, LCSM; double-zero rapeseed meal, DRM) on laying performance, egg quality, and plasma parameters of laying hens. METHODS A total of 432 32-wk-old laying hens were randomly divided into 6 treatments with 6 replicates of 12 birds each. The birds were fed diets containing SBM, LCSM100, or DRM100 individually or in combination with an equal amount of crude protein (CP) (LCSM50, DRM50, and LCSM50-DRM50). The experimental diets, which were isocaloric (metabolizable energy, 11.11 MJ/kg) and isonitrogenous (CP, 16.5%), had similar digestible amino acid profile. The feeding trial lasted 12 weeks. RESULTS The daily egg mass was decreased in the LCSM100 and LCSM50-DRM50 groups (p<0.05) in weeks 41 to 44. The LCSM50 group did not affect egg production compared to the SBM group in weeks 41 to 44 (p>0.05) and showed increased yolk color at the end of the trial (p<0.05). Compared to the SBM group, the LCSM100 and LCSM50-DRM50 groups showed decreased albumen weight (p<0.05), CP weight in the albumen (p<0.05) and CP weight in the whole egg (p<0.05) at 44 weeks. Plasma total protein (TP) levels were lower in the LCSM100 group than in the SBM group at 44 weeks (p<0.05); however, TP, albumin, and globulin levels were not significantly different between the LCSM50 group and the SBM group or between the DRM50 group and the SBM group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Together, our results suggest that the LCSM100 or DRM100 diets may produce the adverse effects on laying performance and egg quality after feeding for 8 more weeks. The 100.0 g/kg LCSM diet or the148.7 g/kg DRM diet has no adverse effects on laying performance and egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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21
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Effects of Ultrafine Grinding and Pulsed Magnetic Field Treatment on Removal of Free Gossypol from Cottonseed Meal. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-016-1735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Azzam MMM, Dong XY, Zou XT. Effect of dietary threonine on laying performance and intestinal immunity of laying hens fed low-crude-protein diets during the peak production period. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:e55-e66. [PMID: 27357366 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Threonine (Thr) may be a limiting amino acid for laying hens fed diets with lowered protein level. An experiment was conducted to examine laying performance, and the intestinal immune function of laying hens provided diets varying in digestible Thr levels. Lohmann Brown laying hens (n = 480), 28 weeks of age, were allocated to six dietary treatments, each of which included five replicates of 16 hens. Dietary crude protein (CP) 16.18% diet was offered as the positive control diet. L-Thr was added to the negative diet (14.16% CP) by 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 g/kg, corresponding 0.44%, 0.43%, 0.49%, 0.57%, 0.66% and 0.74% digestible Thr. At 40 weeks, a reduction in CP level decreased laying performance (p < 0.05). In the low CP, increasing dietary Thr increased (p < 0.05) egg production and egg mass and rose to a plateau between 0.57% and 0.66%. The hens fed 0.66% Thr showed the lowest value (p < 0.05) of feed conversion ratio (FCR). Serum level of uric acid showed the lowest values (p < 0.05) at 0.57-0.66%. In addition, serum-free Thr maximized (p < 0.05) between 0.66% and 0.74%. Digestive trypsin activity decreased (p < 0.05) when hens fed the low-CP diet compared with hens fed CP (16.18%) and hens fed 0.57-0.66%. Expressions of ileal MUC2 mRNA maximized (p < 0.05) at 0.66% Thr. Occludin mRNA increased with increasing Thr level (p < 0.05). sIgA mRNA reached to the maximum level (p < 0.05) at 0.66% and 0.74% Thr. INF-γ mRNA reached to the lowest level (p < 0.05) at 0.65%. Expressions of ileal IL-2, IL-6, IL-1β mRNA decreased with increasing Thr level (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Thr supplementation resulting in optimal laying performance and stimulated the mucosal immune system, suggesting that it is a limiting amino acid in the low-crude-protein diet of laying hens during the peak production period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M M Azzam
- Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Al-Mansoura, Egypt
| | - X Y Dong
- Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - X T Zou
- Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Yuan C, Li J, Ding Y, He Q, Yan H, Lu J, Zou X. Estimation of L-arginine requirement for Xinyang Black laying hens from 33 to 45 weeks of age. J APPL POULTRY RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfv049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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24
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He T, Zhang H, Wang J, Wu S, Yue H, Qi G. Application of low-gossypol cottonseed meal in laying hens’ diet. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2456-63. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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25
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Dai C, Zhang L, Ma H, Yin X, He R, Qian J. Ultrasound-Assisted Detoxification of Free Gossypol from Cottonseed Meal. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Dai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Liuping Zhang
- Sinograin Zhenjiang Grain and Oil Co., Ltd.; Zhenjiang China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Xiulian Yin
- College of Life Sciences and Chemical Engineering; Huaiyin Institute of Technology; Huaian China
| | - Ronghai He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Jingya Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 China
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