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Hu R, Shah AM, Han Q, Ma J, Dai P, Meng Y, Peng Q, Jiang Y, Kong X, Wang Z, Zou H. Proteomics Reveals the Obstruction of Cellular ATP Synthesis in the Ruminal Epithelium of Growth-Retarded Yaks. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1243. [PMID: 38672391 PMCID: PMC11047487 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth-retarded yaks are of a high proportion on the Tibetan plateau and reduce the economic income of farmers. Our previous studies discovered a maldevelopment in the ruminal epithelium of growth-retarded yaks, but the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to reveal how the proteomic profile in the ruminal epithelium contributed to the growth retardation of yaks. The proteome of the ruminal epithelium was detected using a high-resolution mass spectrometer. There were 52 proteins significantly differently expressed between the ruminal epithelium of growth-retarded yaks and growth-normal yaks, with 32 downregulated and 20 upregulated in growth-retarded yaks. Functional analysis showed the differently expressed proteins involved in the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies (p = 0.012), propanoate metabolism (p = 0.018), pyruvate metabolism (p = 0.020), and mineral absorption (p = 0.024). The protein expressions of SLC26A3 and FTH1, enriched in the mineral absorption, were significantly downregulated in growth-retarded yaks. The key enzymes ACAT2 and HMGCS2 enriched in ketone bodies synthesis and key enzyme PCCA enriched in propanoate metabolism had lower protein expressions in the ruminal epithelium of growth-retarded yaks. The ATP concentration and relative mitochondrial DNA copy number in the ruminal epithelium of growth-normal yaks were dramatically higher than those of growth-retarded yaks (p < 0.05). The activities of citrate synthase (CS), the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (α-KGDHC), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRCC) were significantly decreased in ruminal epithelium of growth-retarded yaks compared to growth-normal yaks (p < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of COQ9, COX4, and LDHA, which are the encoding genes in MRCC I, IV and anaerobic respiration, were also significantly decreased in the ruminal epithelium of growth-retarded yaks (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that the average daily gain (ADG) was significantly positively correlated to the relative mitochondrial DNA copy number (p < 0.01, r = 0.772) and ATP concentration (p < 0.01, r = 0.728) in the ruminal epithelium, respectively. The ruminal weight was positively correlated to the relative mitochondrial DNA copy number (p < 0.05, r = 0.631) and ATP concentration in ruminal epithelium (p < 0.01, r = 0.957), respectively. The ruminal papillae had a significant positive correlation with ATP concentration in ruminal epithelium (p < 0.01, r = 0.770). These results suggested that growth-retarded yaks had a lower VFA metabolism, ketone bodies synthesis, ion absorption, and ATP synthesis in the ruminal epithelium; it also indicated that the growth retardation of yaks is related to the obstruction of cellular ATP synthesis in rumen epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.H.); (A.M.S.); (Q.H.); (J.M.); (P.D.); (Q.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ali Mujtaba Shah
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.H.); (A.M.S.); (Q.H.); (J.M.); (P.D.); (Q.P.); (Z.W.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.M.); (Y.J.)
| | - Qiang Han
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.H.); (A.M.S.); (Q.H.); (J.M.); (P.D.); (Q.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jian Ma
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.H.); (A.M.S.); (Q.H.); (J.M.); (P.D.); (Q.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Peng Dai
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.H.); (A.M.S.); (Q.H.); (J.M.); (P.D.); (Q.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yukun Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.M.); (Y.J.)
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.H.); (A.M.S.); (Q.H.); (J.M.); (P.D.); (Q.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yahui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.M.); (Y.J.)
| | - Xiangying Kong
- Haibei Demonstration Zone of Plateau Modern Ecological Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Haibei 810299, China;
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.H.); (A.M.S.); (Q.H.); (J.M.); (P.D.); (Q.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Huawei Zou
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.H.); (A.M.S.); (Q.H.); (J.M.); (P.D.); (Q.P.); (Z.W.)
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Pokhrel B, Jiang H. Postnatal Growth and Development of the Rumen: Integrating Physiological and Molecular Insights. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:269. [PMID: 38666881 PMCID: PMC11048093 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The rumen plays an essential role in the physiology and production of agriculturally important ruminants such as cattle. Functions of the rumen include fermentation, absorption, metabolism, and protection. Cattle are, however, not born with a functional rumen, and the rumen undergoes considerable changes in size, histology, physiology, and transcriptome from birth to adulthood. In this review, we discuss these changes in detail, the factors that affect these changes, and the potential molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate these changes. The introduction of solid feed to the rumen is essential for rumen growth and functional development in post-weaning calves. Increasing evidence suggests that solid feed stimulates rumen growth and functional development through butyric acid and other volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced by microbial fermentation of feed in the rumen and that VFAs stimulate rumen growth and functional development through hormones such as insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) or through direct actions on energy production, chromatin modification, and gene expression. Given the role of the rumen in ruminant physiology and performance, it is important to further study the cellular, molecular, genomic, and epigenomic mechanisms that control rumen growth and development in postnatal ruminants. A better understanding of these mechanisms could lead to the development of novel strategies to enhance the growth and development of the rumen and thereby the productivity and health of cattle and other agriculturally important ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Honglin Jiang
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
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3
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Zhang D, Shen L, Wu W, Liu K, Zhang J. Cloning and functional verification of a porcine adipose tissue-specific promoter. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:394. [PMID: 35610578 PMCID: PMC9128115 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fat deposition is an important economic trait in pigs. In the past decades, many genes regulating porcine fat deposition were identified by Omics technology and verified by cell biology studies. Using genetically modified pigs to investigate the function of these genes in vivo is necessary before applying in breeding. However, lack of tissue-specific promoters of pigs hinders the generation of adipose tissue-specific genetically modified pigs. Results In order to identify a porcine adipose tissue-specific promoter, we used the software Digital Differential Display (DDD) to screen 99 genes highly expressed in porcine adipose tissue. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the 99 genes were mainly related to lipid metabolism. Q-PCR proved that LGALS12 was an adipose tissue-specific gene. Five truncated fragments of the LGALS12 promoter were cloned and the 4 kb fragment (L-4 kb) exhibited a high level of promoter activity in adipocytes and no promoter activity in non-adipocytes. Following co-transfection with adipogenic transcription factors, the promoter activity of L-4 kb was enhanced by PPARγ, C/EBPβ, and KLF15, whereas it was suppressed by KLF4. Finally, we demonstrated that L-4 kb can drive APOR gene expression to exert its function in adipocytes. Conclusions This study demonstrates that porcine LGALS12 is an adipose tissue-specific gene, and identified the 4 kb fragment of LGALS12 promoter that exhibited adipocyte-specific promoter activity. These results provide new evidence for understanding porcine fat deposition and a promoter element for adipose tissue-specific genetic modification in pigs. Highlights Identified porcine LGALS12 as an adipose tissue-specific gene. Truncated LGALS12 promoter (L-4 kb) showed adipose tissue-specific promoter activity. Identified transcription factors involved in the regulation of L-4 kb promoter activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08627-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Liangcai Shen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Keke Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
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Characterization of Accessible Chromatin Regions in Cattle Rumen Epithelial Tissue during Weaning. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030535. [PMID: 35328088 PMCID: PMC8949786 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning in ruminants is characterized by the transition from a milk-based diet to a solid diet, which drives a critical gastrointestinal tract transformation. Understanding the regulatory control of this transformation during weaning can help to identify strategies to improve rumen health. This study aimed to identify regions of accessible chromatin in rumen epithelial tissue in pre- and post-weaning calves and investigate differentially accessible regions (DARs) to uncover regulatory elements in cattle rumen development using the ATAC-seq approach. A total of 126,071 peaks were identified, covering 1.15% of the cattle genome. From these accessible regions, 2766 DARs were discovered. Gene ontology enrichment resulted in GO terms related to the cell adhesion, anchoring junction, growth, cell migration, motility, and morphogenesis. In addition, putative regulatory canonical pathways were identified (TGFβ, integrin-linked kinase, integrin signaling, and regulation of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition). Canonical pathways integrated with co-expression results showed that TGFβ and ILK signaling pathways play essential roles in rumen development through the regulation of cellular adhesions. In this study, DARs during weaning were identified, revealing enhancers, transcription factors, and candidate target genes that represent potential biomarkers for the bovine rumen development, which will serve as a molecular tool for rumen development studies.
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Zhang Y, Cai W, Li Q, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Xu L, Xu L, Hu X, Zhu B, Gao X, Chen Y, Gao H, Li J, Zhang L. Transcriptome Analysis of Bovine Rumen Tissue in Three Developmental Stages. Front Genet 2022; 13:821406. [PMID: 35309117 PMCID: PMC8928727 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.821406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumen development is a crucial physiological challenge for ruminants. However, the molecular mechanism regulating rumen development has not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we investigated genes involved in rumen development in 13 rumen tissues from three developmental stages (birth, youth, and adult) using RNA sequencing. We identified that 6,048 genes were differentially expressed among three developmental stages. Using weighted correlation network analysis, we found that 12 modules were significantly associated with developmental stages. Functional annotation and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that CCNB1, CCNB2, IGF1, IGF2, HMGCL, BDH1, ACAT1, HMGCS2, and CREBBP involved in rumen development. Integrated transcriptome with GWAS information of carcass weight (CW), stomach weight (SW), marbling score (MS), backfat thickness (BFT), ribeye area (REA), and lean meat weight (LMW), we found that upregulated DEGs (fold change 0∼1) in birth–youth comparison were significantly enriched with GWAS signals of MS, downregulated DEGs (fold change >3) were significantly enriched with GWAS signals of SW, and fold change 0∼1 up/downregulated DEGs in birth–adult comparison were significantly enriched with GWAS signals of CW, LMW, REA, and BFT. Furthermore, we found that GWAS signals for CW, LMW, and REA were enriched in turquoise module, and GWAS signals for CW was enriched in lightgreen module. Our study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism underlying rumen development in cattle and highlights an integrative analysis for illustrating the genetic architecture of beef complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Cai
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zezhao Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyang Xu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huijiang Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junya Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junya Li, ; Lupei Zhang,
| | - Lupei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junya Li, ; Lupei Zhang,
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6
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Wang X, Zhang D, Wang W, Lv F, Pang X, Liu G, Li F, Zhang X. Transcriptome profiling reveals differential gene expression in the rumen of Hu lambs at different developmental stages. Anim Biotechnol 2021:1-11. [PMID: 34607533 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1975728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of the rumen is a critical physiological challenge in newborn ruminants. However, the molecular mechanism underlying different stages of rumen development in sheep remains poorly understood. Here, RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to compare the transcription profiles of rumen development at 7, 28 and 56 days of birth (D7, D28 and D56). We identified 1246, 2257 and 627 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between D7 and D28, between D7 and D56, between D28 and D56, respectively. Also, 70 DGEs were co-expressed at these three time points. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated most DEGs mainly related to transporter activity, channel activity and metabolism pathways. Noteworthy, the expression levels of most genes (CA4, CA9, CA12 and CA14) in nitrogen metabolic pathways were negatively correlated with the papilla length and width, but the papilla length and width were positively correlated with the expression of genes (PLA2G3, SLC26A9, SLC34A3) in ion transport pathway, suggesting that these genes may be involved in nitrogen metabolic and ion transport pathway and thus affect rumen development. These results provide new insight into the changes in RNA expression at different time points of rumen development in Hu sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Deyin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Pang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fadi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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7
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Fan P, Bian B, Teng L, Nelson CD, Driver J, Elzo MA, Jeong KC. Host genetic effects upon the early gut microbiota in a bovine model with graduated spectrum of genetic variation. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:302-317. [PMID: 31624342 PMCID: PMC6908690 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple synergistic factors affect the development and composition of mammalian gut microbiota, but effects of host genetics remain unclear. To illuminate the role of host genetics on gut microbiota, we employed animals with a graduated spectrum of genetic variation with minimal environmental influences. We bred 228 calves with linearly varying breed composition from 100% Angus (Bos taurus) to 100% Brahman (Bos indicus), as a proxy for genetic variation, and then raised the offspring in the same environment with identical diets. We hypothesized each breed would harbor distinct gut microbiota due to genetic influence. We found that the gut microbiota of preweaning calves at 3 months old is significantly affected by host genetics, profoundly by paternal genome. We also demonstrate that single nucleotide polymorphisms in host mucin-encoding genes, critical for gut mucosal health, are significantly correlated with both breed composition and mucin-degrading gut bacteria. We further demonstrate host genetics indirectly changes gut microbiota composition via microbe-microbe interactions. These findings indicate a strong contribution by host genetics in shaping the gut microbiota during early life stages, shedding light on impact of animal breeding on gut microbiota, which is associated with animal growth and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Fan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Beilei Bian
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lin Teng
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Corwin D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - J Driver
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Mauricio A Elzo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kwangcheol C Jeong
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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8
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Nishihara K, Suzuki Y, Kim D, Roh S. Growth of rumen papillae in weaned calves is associated with lower expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins 2, 3, and 6. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1287-1292. [PMID: 31293026 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the relationship between the growth of rumen papillae in calves and the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the rumen papillae. The length of rumen papillae, the mRNA expression of IGFBPs in rumen papillae by quantitative real-time PCR, and the presence of insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and II) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) were analyzed in nine Holstein calves divided into three groups: suckling (2 weeks, n = 3), milk-continued (8 weeks, n = 3), and weaned (8 weeks, n = 3). The length of rumen papillae was greater (p < 0.01) in weaned calves than in suckling and milk-continued calves, whereas the expressions of IGFBP2, IGFBP3, and IGFBP6 genes were lower (p < 0.05) in the rumen papillae of weaned calves than in milk-continued calves. Thus, rumen papillae length and IGFBP2, 3, and 6 expressions were negatively correlated. The IHC analysis showed that IGF-I and IGF-II were present in the rumen epithelium of calves. These results suggested that the growth of rumen papillae after weaning is associated with the induction of IGFs by the low levels of IGFBP2, IGFBP3, and IGFBP6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Nishihara
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi-ken, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Dahye Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi-ken, Japan
| | - Sanggun Roh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi-ken, Japan.,Laboratory of Function and Development Science of Livestock Production, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi-ken, Japan
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9
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Liu L, Sun D, Mao S, Zhu W, Liu J. Infusion of sodium butyrate promotes rumen papillae growth and enhances expression of genes related to rumen epithelial VFA uptake and metabolism in neonatal twin lambs. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:909-921. [PMID: 30535158 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium butyrate (SB) infusion on rumen papillae growth and volatile fatty acid (VFA) uptake and metabolism in neonatal lambs. Seven pairs of newborn twin lambs were used. Within each pair, lambs were assigned to receive an oral infusion of SB at 0.36 g/kg body weight (BW) (SB, n = 7) or the same volume of saline (Con, n = 7). Treatments were administered from 10 to 49 d of age, when all lambs were slaughtered. Results showed that the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of starter, average daily gain (ADG), BW of lambs at ages of 5 and 6 wk in SB group were greater (P < 0.05) than those in Con group. Infusion of SB increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of acetate, butyrate, and total VFA in the rumen fluid and elevated (P < 0.05) the levels of β-hydroxybutyrate acid (BHBA), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin in plasma. Infusion of SB promoted rumen papillae growth, depicted by higher emptied rumen weight, larger rumen papillae length, width, and surface area, and greater thickness of stratum corneum and total epithelium. Sodium butyrate infusion upregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of cyclin A2, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinases 6 (CDK6), and downregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of caspase-3 and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in the rumen epithelia. Moreover, SB infusion also upregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5), and downregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in the rumen epithelia. Sodium butyrate infusion also enhanced (P < 0.05) gene expressions of monocarboxylate transporter isoform 1 (MCT1), downregulated in adenoma (DRA), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase isoform 2 (HMGCS2), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL), while depressed (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of sodium/proton exchanger isoform 2 (NHE2) in the rumen epithelia. Our results suggest that the SB infusion can improve animal performance, promote the ruminal papillae growth, and enhance expression of genes related to ruminal epithelial VFA uptake and metabolism in preweaning twin lambs. These findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of SB promoting rumen epithelial development and function in preweaning lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daming Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Nakamura S, Haga S, Kimura K, Matsuyama S. Propionate and butyrate induce gene expression of monocarboxylate transporter 4 and cluster of differentiation 147 in cultured rumen epithelial cells derived from preweaning dairy calves. J Anim Sci 2019; 96:4902-4911. [PMID: 30215729 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main source of energy for postweaning ruminants. The monocarboxylic acid transporters, MCT1 and MCT4, are thought to contribute to the absorption of SCFAs from the surface of the rumen following weaning. The present study measured changes in MCT1 and MCT4 expression in ruminal epithelial cells isolated from male preweaning (22 to 34 d old, n = 6) and postweaning (55 to 58 d old, n = 8) calves after euthanasia and sought to examine whether SCFAs stimulate the expression of these transporters. In the current study, cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) gene expression in the rumen was also investigated since CD147 has been considered to act as ancillary protein for MCT1 and MCT4 to express their correct function. The gene expression levels of MCT1, MCT4, and CD147 in the rumen were found to be significantly higher in postweaning calves than in preweaning calves. Strong MCT1 immunoreactivity was detected in both the stratum basale (SB) and the stratum spinosum (SS) in postweaning ruminal epithelium. Expression of MCT1 in preweaning calves was localized to a specific region of the SB and of the SS. MCT4-immunopositive cells were detected in the stratum corneum (SC) of the ruminal epithelium in postweaning calves. However, only a low level of signal was detected in the SC of preweaning animals. Furthermore, in vitro experiments, ruminal epithelial cells were incubated for 24 h with acetate (0.04, 0.4, and 4 mM), propionate (0.2, 2, and 20 mM), butyrate (0.1, 1, and 10 mM), or β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA; 0.1, 1, and 10 mM), respectively. Both propionate and butyrate induced an increase in the gene expression levels of MCT4 and CD147, but did not affect MCT1 gene expression. There are no significant effects of acetate and BHBA treatment on these gene expressions. Taken together, these results suggest that an increase in MCT4 and CD147 gene expression in the ruminal epithelium of postweaning calves is likely to be due to the effects of propionate and butyrate derived from a solid-based diet, which may contribute to ruminal development following weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Nakamura
- Division of Animal Feeding and Management Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Nasushiobara, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
| | - Satoshi Haga
- Division of Animal Feeding and Management Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Koji Kimura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuyama
- Division of Animal Feeding and Management Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Nasushiobara, Japan.,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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11
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Comprehensive Transcriptional Profiling of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Ruminants from Birth to Adulthood Reveals Strong Developmental Stage Specific Gene Expression. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:359-373. [PMID: 30530642 PMCID: PMC6385975 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the most significant physiological challenges to neonatal and juvenile ruminants is the development and establishment of the rumen. Using a subset of RNA-Seq data from our high-resolution atlas of gene expression in sheep (Ovis aries) we have provided the first comprehensive characterization of transcription of the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract during the transition from pre-ruminant to ruminant. The dataset comprises 164 tissue samples from sheep at four different time points (birth, one week, 8 weeks and adult). Using network cluster analysis we illustrate how the complexity of the GI tract is reflected in tissue- and developmental stage-specific differences in gene expression. The most significant transcriptional differences between neonatal and adult sheep were observed in the rumen complex. Comparative analysis of gene expression in three GI tract tissues from age-matched sheep and goats revealed species-specific differences in genes involved in immunity and metabolism. This study improves our understanding of the transcriptomic mechanisms involved in the transition from pre-ruminant to ruminant by identifying key genes involved in immunity, microbe recognition and metabolism. The results form a basis for future studies linking gene expression with microbial colonization of the developing GI tract and provide a foundation to improve ruminant efficiency and productivity through identifying potential targets for novel therapeutics and gene editing.
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12
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Nakano M, Suzuki Y, Haga S, Yamauchi E, Kim D, Nishihara K, Nakajima K, Gotoh T, Park S, Baik M, Katoh K, Roh S. Downregulated angiopoietin-like protein 8 production at calving related to changes in lipid metabolism in dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2646-2658. [PMID: 29746655 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute physiological adaptation of lipid metabolism during the postpartum transition period of cows facilitates peripheral metabolic regulation. Hepatokines, which are hormones secreted from hepatocytes, are presumed to play a critical role in systemic metabolic regulation. Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) has been identified as a novel hepatokine associated with circulating triglyceride concentrations in mice and humans. However, regulation of ANGPTL8 and its physiological effects is still unknown in cattle. The present study aimed to reveal changes in ANGPTL8 expression and secretion during the periparturient period, and to investigate its regulatory effect on adipocytes and mammary epithelial cells. In the peripartum period, liver ANGPTL8 mRNA expression was lesser on the day of parturition and 1 wk postpartum than it was 1 wk before parturition (P < 0.05). Moreover, plasma ANGPTL8 concentrations decreased on the day of parturition as compared with that 1 wk before parturition (P < 0.05). In addition, ANGPTL8 expression in cultured bovine hepatocytes was downregulated after oleate and palmitate treatment but upregulated after insulin treatment (P < 0.05). ANGPTL8 decreased hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) expression in differentiated adipocytes and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-coa carboxylase (ACC), and stearoyl-coa desaturase (SCD) in cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells (P < 0.05). These data suggest that hepatic ANGPTL8 production was downregulated postpartum when the cows experienced a negative energy balance. This downregulation was associated with increased concentrations of NEFA and decreased concentrations of insulin in lactating cows, and it facilitated lipid mobilization from adipose tissue to the mammary glands. We speculate that ANGPTL8 might have beneficial effects in reverting or improving the physiological adaptation and pathological processes of lipid metabolism during the peripartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Nakano
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Haga
- Division of Grassland Farming, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Eri Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Dahye Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koki Nishihara
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiichi Nakajima
- Division of Dairy Production Research, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Gotoh
- Laboratory of Meat Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, National University Cooperation Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Japan
| | - Seungju Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunggi Baik
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazuo Katoh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sanggun Roh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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13
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Nishihara K, Kato D, Suzuki Y, Kim D, Nakano M, Yajima Y, Haga S, Nakano M, Ishizaki H, Kawahara-Miki R, Kono T, Katoh K, Roh SG. Comparative transcriptome analysis of rumen papillae in suckling and weaned Japanese Black calves using RNA sequencing. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2226-2237. [PMID: 29762736 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The length and density of rumen papillae starts to increase during weaning and growth of ruminants. This significant development increases the intraruminal surface area and the efficiency of VFA (acetate, propionate, butyrate, etc.) uptake. Thus, it is important to investigate the factors controlling the growth and development of rumen papillae during weaning. This study aimed to compare the transcriptomes of rumen papillae in suckling and weaned calves. Total RNA was extracted from the rumen papillae of 10 male Japanese Black calves (5 suckling calves, 5 wk old; 5 weaned calves, 15 wk old) and used in RNA-sequencing. Transcript abundance was estimated and differentially expressed genes were identified and these data were then used in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to predict the major canonical pathways and upstream regulators. Among the 871 differentially expressed genes screened by IPA, 466 genes were upregulated and 405 were downregulated in the weaned group. Canonical pathway analysis showed that "atherosclerosis" was the most significant pathway, and "tretinoin," a derivative of vitamin A, was predicted as the most active upstream regulator during weaning. Analyses also predicted IgG, lipopolysaccharides, and tumor-necrosis factor-α as regulators of the microbe-epithelium interaction that activates rumen-related immune responses. The functional category and the up-regulators found in this study provide a valuable resource for studying new candidate genes related to the proliferation and development of rumen papillae from suckling to weaning Japanese Black calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Nishihara
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Daichi Kato
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Dahye Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Misato Nakano
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yu Yajima
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Haga
- Division of Grassland Farming, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Miwa Nakano
- Division of Grassland Farming, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishizaki
- Division of Grassland Farming, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryouka Kawahara-Miki
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.,NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kono
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.,NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Katoh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sang-Gun Roh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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14
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Roh S, Kimura N, Sakamoto K, Nishihara K, Suzuki K, Katoh K. Effects of butyrate supplementation in antibiotic-free milk replacer and starter on growth performance in suckling calves. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1486-1491. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanggun Roh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
- Laboratory of Function and Development Science of Livestock Production; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kimura
- Kimura Animal Professional Engineers Office; Midori Saitama Japan
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University; Musashino Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Koki Nishihara
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Keiichi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Function and Development Science of Livestock Production; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Kazuo Katoh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
- Laboratory of Function and Development Science of Livestock Production; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
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15
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Do DN, Dudemaine PL, Fomenky BE, Ibeagha-Awemu EM. Integration of miRNA weighted gene co-expression network and miRNA-mRNA co-expression analyses reveals potential regulatory functions of miRNAs in calf rumen development. Genomics 2018; 111:849-859. [PMID: 29775785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in calf rumen development during early life. Rumen tissues were collected from 16 calves (8 at pre-weaning and 8 at post-weaning) for miRNA-sequencing, differential expression (DE), miRNA weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) and miRNA-mRNA co-expression analyses. 295 miRNAs were identified. Bta-miR-143, miR-26a, miR-145 and miR-27b were the most abundantly expressed. 122 miRNAs were significantly DE between the pre- and post-weaning periods and the most up- and down-regulated miRNAs were bta-miR-29b and bta-miR-493, respectively. Enrichment analyses of the target genes of DE miRNAs revealed important roles for miRNA in rumen developmental processes, immune system development, protein digestion and processes related to the extracellular matrix. WGCNA indicated that bta-miR-145 and bta-miR-199a-3p are important hub miRNAs in the regulation of these processes. Therefore, bta-miR-143, miR-29b, miR-145, miR-493, miR-26a and miR-199 family members might be key regulators of calf rumen development during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy N Do
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-De Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pier-Luc Dudemaine
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bridget E Fomenky
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Departement de sciences animale, Université Laval (Québec), Québec, Canada
| | - Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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16
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Reddy KE, Jeong J, Baek YC, Oh YK, Kim M, So KM, Kim MJ, Kim DW, Park SK, Lee HJ. Early weaning of calves after different dietary regimens affects later rumen development, growth, and carcass traits in Hanwoo cattle. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1425-1434. [PMID: 28728406 PMCID: PMC5582327 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of different diets for early-weaned (EW) calves on rumen development, and how this affects fat deposition in the longissimus dorsi of adult Korean Hanwoo beef cattle. Methods Three EW groups were established (each n = 12) in which two- week-old Hanwoo calves were fed for ten weeks with milk replacer+concentrate (T1), milk replacer+concentrate+ roughage (T2), or milk replacer+concentrate+30% starch (T3); a control group (n = 12) was weaned as normal. At six months, 5 calves of each group were slaughtered and their organs were assessed and rumen papillae growth rates were measured. The remaining calves (n = 7 in each group) were raised to 20 months for further analysis. Results Twenty-month-old EW calves had a higher body weight (BW), backfat thickness (BF), longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA) and intramuscular fat (IMF) than the control (p<0.05). Organ growth, rumen histology, and gene expression patterns in the 6-month-old calves were positively related to the development of marbling in the loin, as assessed by ultrasound analysis (p<0.05). In the group fed the starch-enriched diet (T3), higher BW, BF, LMA, and IMF were present. The IMF beef quality score of 20-month-old cattle was 1+ for the T2 and T3 diets and 1 for the T1 diet (p<0.05). Conclusion Papillae development was significantly greater in calves fed on high-concentrate diets and this may have resulted in the improved beef quality in the EW dietary groups compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondreddy Eswar Reddy
- Animal Nutritional and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - JinYoung Jeong
- Animal Nutritional and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Youl-Chang Baek
- Animal Nutritional and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Young Kyun Oh
- Animal Nutritional and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Animal Nutritional and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Kyung Min So
- Animal Nutritional and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Animal Nutritional and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Animal Nutritional and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Sung Kwon Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Lee
- Animal Nutritional and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
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17
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Review: Exogenous butyrate: implications for the functional development of ruminal epithelium and calf performance. Animal 2017; 11:1522-1530. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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18
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Suzuki Y, Haga S, Nakano M, Ishizaki H, Nakano M, Song S, Katoh K, Roh S. Postweaning changes in the expression of chemerin and its receptors in calves are associated with the modification of glucose metabolism. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:4600-4610. [PMID: 27898966 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin, originally known as a chemoattractant derived from adipose tissue and the liver, has been reported to have regulatory functions in gluconeogenesis, peripheral insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion. This study was conducted to assess the postweaning changes in expression of this cytokine and its physiological role in the modification of glucose metabolism associated with weaning. Eighteen tissue samples were collected from Holstein calves (90 d of age; n = 4) to investigate the tissue distributions of chemerin and its receptors genes. was highly expressed in the liver, and secreted chemerin protein was found in the plasma. Among the receptors of chemerin, and were ubiquitously expressed whereas was predominantly expressed in the liver. The changes in glucose metabolism and expression of these genes after weaning were assessed by comparing suckling calves (n = 6) and weaned calves (n = 8) of Japanese Black cattle. No significant difference was observed in plasma glucose levels between suckling and weaned calves (P = 0.22), whereas the plasma level of total ketone bodies was significantly higher in weaned calves (P < 0.01). Plasma levels of insulin and cortisol did not differ between suckling and weaned calves. The mRNA levels of certain key enzymes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis were also altered; for instance, level was lower in postweaning calves (P < 0.05) and () level tended to be higher after weaning (P = 0.08). However, was not altered after weaning. The plasma levels of hepatic stress indicators were also changed, with aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase being significantly elevated in postweaning calves (P < 0.05). Chemerin protein in liver tissue was less abundant in weaned calves (P < 0.05), although there were no changes in its transcript levels. The abundance of plasma chemerin protein did not change after weaning (P = 0.95). In summary, these data indicate that as a consequence of weaning, which causes physiological stress and alters hepatic metabolism, chemerin protein expression within the liver is downregulated, indicating that chemerin plays a role in the upregulation of hepatic expression via its inhibitory effect on hepatic gluconeogenesis.
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19
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Sofyan A, Mitsumori M, Ohmori H, Uyeno Y, Hasunuma T, Akiyama K, Yamamoto H, Yokokawa H, Yamaguchi T, Shinkai T, Hirako M, Kushibiki S. Differences in rumen fermentation characteristics between low-yield and high-yield dairy cows in early lactation. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:974-982. [PMID: 27878924 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Relationship between rumen fermentation parameters, blood biochemical profiles and milk production traits in different yielding dairy cows during early lactation was investigated. Twelve dairy cows were divided into two groups based on their milk yield, that is low-yield (LY) and high-yield (HY) groups. Rumen fluid and blood were collected at 3 weeks prepartum and 4, 8 and 12 weeks postpartum. Results showed that proportions of acetate, propionate to total short chain fatty acids and acetate : propionate ratio were changed (P < 0.05) in both groups during the peripartum period, whereas butyrate and acetate : butyrate ratio were only altered in the HY group. Blood cholesterol, beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in the HY group were higher (P < 0.01) than those in the LY group. Principal component analysis revealed that milk yield and milk compositions were differently clustered between groups. These parameters showed similar direction with dry matter intake in the HY group and adverse direction in the LY group. Linear regression analysis indicated that butyrate was positively correlated with BHBA (P < 0.05) in the HY group. This study suggests that cows in the HY group seem to accommodate appropriately to negative energy balance in early lactation through rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sofyan
- Department of Advanced Agricultural Technology and Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Mitsumori
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Advanced Agricultural Technology and Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ohmori
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Uyeno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toshiya Hasunuma
- Toyama Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Akiyama
- Kanagawa Prefectural Livestock Industry Technology Center, Ebina, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takumi Shinkai
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirako
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shiro Kushibiki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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20
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Effects of early feeding on the host rumen transcriptome and bacterial diversity in lambs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32479. [PMID: 27576848 PMCID: PMC5006043 DOI: 10.1038/srep32479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Early consumption of starter feed promotes rumen development in lambs. We examined rumen development in lambs fed starter feed for 5 weeks using histological and biochemical analyses and by performing high-throughput sequencing in rumen tissues. Additionally, rumen contents of starter feed-fed lambs were compared to those of breast milk-fed controls. Our physiological and biochemical findings revealed that early starter consumption facilitated rumen development, changed the pattern of ruminal fermentation, and increased the amylase and carboxymethylcellulase activities of rumen micro-organisms. RNA-seq analysis revealed 225 differentially expressed genes between the rumens of breast milk- and starter feed-fed lambs. These DEGs were involved in many metabolic pathways, particularly lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and included HMGCL and HMGCS2. Sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes revealed that ruminal bacterial communities were more diverse in breast milk-than in starter feed-fed lambs, and each group had a distinct microbiota. We conclude that early starter feeding is beneficial to rumen development and physiological function in lambs. The underlying mechanism may involve the stimulation of ruminal ketogenesis and butanoate metabolism via HMGCL and HMGCS2 combined with changes in the fermentation type induced by ruminal microbiota. Overall, this study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of rumen development in sheep.
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21
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Xiang R, Oddy VH, Archibald AL, Vercoe PE, Dalrymple BP. Epithelial, metabolic and innate immunity transcriptomic signatures differentiating the rumen from other sheep and mammalian gastrointestinal tract tissues. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1762. [PMID: 26989612 PMCID: PMC4793311 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Ruminants are successful herbivorous mammals, in part due to their specialized forestomachs, the rumen complex, which facilitates the conversion of feed to soluble nutrients by micro-organisms. Is the rumen complex a modified stomach expressing new epithelial (cornification) and metabolic programs, or a specialised stratified epithelium that has acquired new metabolic activities, potentially similar to those of the colon? How has the presence of the rumen affected other sections of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants compared to non-ruminants? Methods. Transcriptome data from 11 tissues covering the sheep GIT, two stratified epithelial and two control tissues, was analysed using principal components to cluster tissues based on gene expression profile similarity. Expression profiles of genes along the sheep GIT were used to generate a network to identify genes enriched for expression in different compartments of the GIT. The data from sheep was compared to similar data sets from two non-ruminants, pigs (closely related) and humans (more distantly related). Results. The rumen transcriptome clustered with the skin and tonsil, but not the GIT transcriptomes, driven by genes from the epidermal differentiation complex, and genes encoding stratified epithelium keratins and innate immunity proteins. By analysing all of the gene expression profiles across tissues together 16 major clusters were identified. The strongest of these, and consistent with the high turnover rate of the GIT, showed a marked enrichment of cell cycle process genes (P = 1.4 E-46), across the whole GIT, relative to liver and muscle, with highest expression in the caecum followed by colon and rumen. The expression patterns of several membrane transporters (chloride, zinc, nucleosides, amino acids, fatty acids, cholesterol and bile acids) along the GIT was very similar in sheep, pig and humans. In contrast, short chain fatty acid uptake and metabolism appeared to be different between the species and different between the rumen and colon in sheep. The importance of nitrogen and iodine recycling in sheep was highlighted by the highly preferential expression of SLC14A1-urea (rumen), RHBG-ammonia (intestines) and SLC5A5-iodine (abomasum). The gene encoding a poorly characterized member of the maltase-glucoamylase family (MGAM2), predicted to play a role in the degradation of starch or glycogen, was highly expressed in the small and large intestines. Discussion. The rumen appears to be a specialised stratified cornified epithelium, probably derived from the oesophagus, which has gained some liver-like and other specialized metabolic functions, but probably not by expression of pre-existing colon metabolic programs. Changes in gene transcription downstream of the rumen also appear have occurred as a consequence of the evolution of the rumen and its effect on nutrient composition flowing down the GIT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Hutton Oddy
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Beef Industry Centre, University of New England , Armidale, NSW , Australia
| | - Alan L Archibald
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh , Easter Bush , UK
| | - Phillip E Vercoe
- School of Animal Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia , Perth, Western Australia , Australia
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