1
|
Bjørklund G, Lysiuk R, Semenova Y, Lenchyk L, Dub N, Doşa MD, Hangan T. Herbal Substances with Antiviral Effects: Features and Prospects for the Treatment of Viral Diseases with Emphasis on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:393-409. [PMID: 36698239 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230125121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases have a significant impact on human health, and three novel coronaviruses (CoV) have emerged during the 21st century. In this review, we have emphasized the potential of herbal substances with antiviral effects. Our investigation focused on the features and prospects of viral disease treatment, with a particular emphasis on proinflammatory cytokines. We conducted comprehensive searches of various databases, including Science Direct, CABI Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Cytokine storm mechanisms play a crucial role in inducing a pro-inflammatory response by triggering the expression of cytokines and chemokines. This response leads to the recruitment of leukocytes and promotes antiviral effects, forming the first line of defense against viruses. Numerous studies have investigated the use of herbal medicine candidates as immunomodulators or antivirals. However, cytokine-storm-targeted therapy is recommended for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by SARS-CoV to survive severe pulmonary failure. Our reviews have demonstrated that herbal formulations could serve as alternative medicines and significantly reduce complicated viral infections. Furthermore, they hold promising potential as specific antiviral agents in experimental animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Department of Research, Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University , Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- Department of Research, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Dub
- Andrei Krupynskyi Lviv Medical Academy, Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | - Tony Hangan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lapi F, Marconi E, Grattagliano I, Rossi A, Fornasari D, Magni A, Aprile PL, Cricelli C. "To clarify the safety profile of paracetamol for home-care patients with COVID-19: a real-world cohort study, with nested case-control analysis, in primary care"-Reply. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:1603-1604. [PMID: 37029848 PMCID: PMC10082339 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lapi
- Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy.
| | - Ettore Marconi
- Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Rossi
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy
| | - Diego Fornasari
- Department Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Magni
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Cricelli
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grishechkina IA, Lobanov AA, Andronov SV, Rachin AP, Fesyun AD, Ivanova EP, Masiero S, Maccarone MC. Long-term outcomes of different rehabilitation programs in patients with long COVID syndrome: a cohort prospective study. Eur J Transl Myol 2023. [PMID: 37052043 PMCID: PMC10388602 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
After the resolution of the acute SARS-COV-2 infection, an important percentage of patients do not fully recover and continue to present several symptoms. Nevertheless, there is a lack of data in the literature on the effects of rehabilitation programs on medium- and long-term long COVID symptoms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes after rehabilitation programs in long COVID syndrome patients. A prospective cohort study was conducted from August 2021 to March 2022, involving 113 patients with long COVID syndrome. The patients in the experimental group (EG, n=25) received a tailored and multidisciplinary rehabilitative program, involving aquatic exercises, respiratory and motor exercises, social integration training and neuropsychologic sessions, LASER therapy and magnetotherapy. Patients in the other three comparison groups received eastern medicine techniques (CG1), balneotherapy and physiotherapy (group CG2), self-training and home-based physical exercise (CG3). Once the several rehabilitation protocols had been performed, a structured telephone contact was made with the patients after 6 months ± 7 days from the end of the rehabilitation treatment, in order to record the frequency of hospital ad-missions due to exacerbation of post-exacerbation syndrome, death or disability, and the need for other types of care or drugs. The patients in the comparison groups were more likely to request therapeutic care for emerging long COVID symptoms (χ2=6.635, p=0.001; χ2=13.463, p=0.001; χ2=10.949, p=0.001, respectively), as well as more likely to be hospitalized (χ2=5.357, p=0.021; χ2=0.125, p=0.724; χ2=0.856, p=0.355, respectively) when compared to the patients of the EG. The relative risk (RR) of hospital admissions in the observed cohort was 0.143 ±1,031 (СI: 0.019; 1.078); 0.580±1,194 (CI: 0.056; 6.022); 0,340±1,087 (CI: 0.040; 2.860). The RR of hospital admissions for patients with long COVID syndrome was reduced by 85.7%; 42.0% and 66.0%, respectively, when the experimental rehabilitation technique was employed. In conclusion, a tailored and multidisciplinary rehabilitative program seems to have a better preventive effect not only in the short term, but also over the next 6 months, avoiding the new onset of disabilities and the use of medicines and specialist advice, than other rehabilitative programs. Future studies will need to further investigate these aspects to identify the best rehabilitation therapy, also in terms of cost-effectiveness, for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anatoliy D Fesyun
- National Medical Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow.
| | | | - Stefano Masiero
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Unit, University of Padova, Padua.
| | - Maria Chiara Maccarone
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lapi F, Marconi E, Grattagliano I, Rossi A, Fornasari D, Magni A, Lora Aprile P, Cricelli C. To clarify the safety profile of paracetamol for home-care patients with COVID-19: a real-world cohort study, with nested case-control analysis, in primary care. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:2237-2244. [PMID: 35908013 PMCID: PMC9362076 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-03054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the prescribing patterns of paracetamol in COVID-19 with those for similar respiratory conditions and investigated the association between paracetamol use and COVID-19-related hospitalization/death. METHODS Using a primary care data source, we conducted a cohort study to calculate the incidence rate of paracetamol use in COVID-19 and for similar respiratory conditions in 2020 and 2019 (i.e. pre-pandemic phase), respectively. In the study cohort, we nested a case-control analyses to investigate the association between paracetamol use and COVID-19-related hospitalizations/deaths. RESULTS Overall, 1554 (33.4 per 1000) and 2566 patients (78.3 per 1000) were newly prescribed with paracetamol to treat COVID-19 or other respiratory conditions, respectively. Those aged 35-44 showed the highest prevalence rate (44.7 or 99.0 per 1000), while the oldest category reported the lowest value (17.8 or 39.8 per 1000). There was no association for early (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.92-1.43) or mid-term (OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.61-2.73) users of paracetamol vs. non-users. Instead, the late users of paracetamol showed a statistically significant increased risk of hospitalization/death (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.4-2.2). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide reassuring evidence on the use and safety profile of paracetamol to treat early symptoms of COVID-19 as in other respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lapi
- Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Via del Sansovino 179, 50142, Florence, Italy.
| | - Ettore Marconi
- Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Via del Sansovino 179, 50142, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Rossi
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy
| | - Diego Fornasari
- Department Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Magni
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Cricelli
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
COVID-19 Medical and Pharmacological Management in the European Countries Compared to Italy: An Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074262. [PMID: 35409942 PMCID: PMC8998583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Italy accounts for more than 150,000 deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic, leading the top rank in SARS-CoV-2-caused deceases in Europe. A survey on the different ways by which the COVID-19 pandemic emergency was managed in the foreign European countries compared to Italy is the purpose of this paper. (2) Methods: A literature search and various mathematical algorithms to approach a rank scoring scale were used to describe in detail the different approaches used by European countries to manage the COVID-19 pandemic emergency. (3) Results: The study showed that Italy stands at the bottom ranking for COVID-19 management due to its high mortality rate. Possible causes of the observed huge numbers of hospitalization and deaths were (a) the demographic composition of the European country; (b) its decentralized healthcare system organization; (c) the role of correct pharmacology in the early stages before hospitalization. Post-mortem examinations were of paramount importance to elucidate the etiopathogenesis of COVID-19 and to tailor a suitable and proper therapy in the early symptomatic stages of COVID-19, preventing hospitalization. (4) Conclusions: Factors such as the significant impact on elderly people, the public health organization prevalently state-owned and represented mainly by hospitals, and criticism of the home therapy approach toward SARS-CoV-2-infected people, may have concurred in increasing the number of COVID-19 deaths in Italy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kelleni MT. NSAIDs and Kelleni's protocol as potential early COVID-19 treatment game changer: could it be the final countdown? Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:343-348. [PMID: 34822026 PMCID: PMC8613510 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have previously published several papers illustrating numerous immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential benefits when we repurposed safe, generic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)/nitazoxanide/azithromycin (Kelleni's protocol), to early manage our COVID-19 pediatric, adult, and pregnant patients. In this manuscript, we discuss some recently published meta-analysis and clinical studies supporting our practice and discuss a molecular study that might be interpreted as an academic proof that our protocol might also prevent SARS-CoV-2 replication. Moreover, after aspirin has been suggested to be independently associated with reduced risk of mechanical ventilation, ICU admission and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19, we claim that the molecular interpretation of the results that led to this suggestion was not scientifically accurate, and we provide our academic interpretation confirming that low-dose aspirin is least likely to improve COVID-19 mortality through anticoagulation as was suggested. Furthermore, we describe other potential benefits related to aspirin-triggered lipoxins and resolvins while illustrating how NSAIDs interfere with COX-1, COX-2, SARS-CoV-2/ SARS-CoV-2 ORF protein-dependent activation of caspases and their subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis and necroptosis which were associated with COVID-19 complications. Similarly, NSAIDs are known caspase inhibitors and thus they might independently inhibit other caspase-related COVID-19-associated downstream pathological signaling mechanisms. Finally, we postulated that CARD-14, a caspase recruitment domain-containing protein, polymorphisms might play a role in the development of severe and critical COVID-19 and confirmed our old call to early adopt NSAIDs, as an integral part of Kelleni's protocol, as of choice in its management aiming to end this pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina T Kelleni
- Pharmacology Department, College of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pandolfi S, Chirumbolo S, Ricevuti G, Valdenassi L, Bjørklund G, Lysiuk R, Doşa MD, Lenchyk L, Fazio S. Home pharmacological therapy in early COVID-19 to prevent hospitalization and reduce mortality: Time for a suitable proposal. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 130:225-239. [PMID: 34811895 PMCID: PMC9011697 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic is a highly dramatic concern for mankind. In Italy, the pandemic exerted its major impact throughout the period of February to June 2020. To date, the awkward amount of more than 134,000 deaths has been reported. Yet, post‐mortem autopsy was performed on a very modest number of patients who died from COVID‐19 infection, leading to a first confirmation of an immune‐thrombosis of the lungs as the major COVID‐19 pathogenesis, likewise for SARS. Since then (June–August 2020), no targeted early therapy considering this pathogenetic issue was approached. The patients treated with early anti‐inflammatory, anti‐platelet, anticoagulant and antibiotic therapy confirmed that COVID‐19 was an endothelial inflammation with immuno‐thrombosis. Patients not treated or scarcely treated with the most proper and appropriate therapy and in the earliest, increased the hospitalization rate in the intensive care units and also mortality, due to immune‐thrombosis from the pulmonary capillary district and alveoli. The disease causes widespread endothelial inflammation, which can induce damage to various organs and systems. Therapy must be targeted in this consideration, and in this review, we demonstrate how early anti‐inflammatory therapy may treat endothelia inflammation and immune‐thrombosis caused by COVID‐19, by using drugs we are going to recommend in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Pandolfi
- High School of Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Unit of Neurosurgery, Villa Mafalda Health Clinics, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Valdenassi
- High School of Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Department of Direction Board, Council for Nutritional an Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Monica Daniela Doşa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Serafino Fazio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|