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Colli C, Garzitto M, Bonivento C, Delvecchio G, Maggioni E, Fagnani C, Medda E, Mauri M, Nobile M, Brambilla P. Exploring the effects of family and life events on genetic and environmental architecture of schizotypal and hypomanic dimensions: Insights from a twin study. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:375-383. [PMID: 38971195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strategies of prevention for psychiatric disorders need a deep understanding of the aetiological factors involved in the psychopathological processes. Our twin study aims at disentangling the contributions of genes and environment to schizotypal and hypomanic dimensions, considering the role of stressful life events (LEs) and the quality of family relationships. METHODS The Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) and Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS) were used to assess positive schizotypy, while Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) and its sub-scales were used to investigate proneness to affective disorders. 268 twins (54.5 % female; aged 18.0 ± 6.68) were included. Participants filled out a questionnaire on LEs and their parents provided an evaluation of intra-family relationship (Relationship Quality Index, RQI). Classic univariate twin models for quantitative traits were fitted for scales, and the effects of covariates (LEs and RQI) were assessed. RESULTS For MIS, HPS and its sub-scales, significant common and unique environmental effects were detected, with genetic factors affecting only HPS Social Vitality sub-scale. Unique environment was the only source of variance of PAS score. The number of recent LEs influenced MIS and PAS models, while RQI score affected MIS model. LIMITATIONS The main limitation of the study is the small sample size, which reduces statistical power and may potentially lead to an underestimation of heritability. Additionally, the cross-sectional design limits the possibility to draw causal considerations. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide preliminary evidence for a significant environmental role in modulating states of vulnerability. Moreover, the expression of positive schizotypy resulted influenced by recent stressors and intra-family relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Colli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Garzitto
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Maggioni
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Italian Twin Registry, Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Medda
- Italian Twin Registry, Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mauri
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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Raucher-Chéné D, Henry A, Obert A, Traykova M, Vucurovic K, Gobin P, Barrière S, Portefaix C, Gierski F, Caillies S, Kaladjian A. Impact of hypomanic personality traits on brain functional connectivity during a dynamic theory-of-mind task. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 337:111759. [PMID: 38011763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Hypomanic personality traits are present in the general population and represent a risk factor for developing bipolar disorder. This personality style, notably its social component, is linked to difficulties in theory of mind (i.e., ability to infer mental states). Exploring the neural correlates of mental states' inference in individuals with these personality traits can provide meaningful insights into the development of bipolar disorder. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the potential impact of hypomanic traits on brain activation and task-based connectivity strength during a dynamic theory of mind task in a nonclinical population. A total of 52 nonclinical participants were recruited, and hypomanic traits were assessed with the Hypomanic Personality Scale. The severity of hypomanic traits was positively associated with right middle and inferior frontal gyri activations (in high vs. low inference in nonemotional condition and emotion vs. no emotion in high inference, respectively). It was also associated with stronger connectivity between the salience network (i.e., bilateral putamen and pallidum) and bilateral superior temporal gyri (high inference in nonemotional condition), and between cerebellar and temporal areas (high inference in emotional condition). These changes may either reflect adaptations or differential processing, and further studies are therefore mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Raucher-Chéné
- Department of Psychiatry, Reims University Hospital, EPSMM, Reims, France; Laboratoire C2S (Cognition, Santé, Société), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA, 6291, France; Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Audrey Henry
- Department of Psychiatry, Reims University Hospital, EPSMM, Reims, France; Laboratoire C2S (Cognition, Santé, Société), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA, 6291, France
| | - Alexandre Obert
- Cognition Sciences, Technology & Ergonomics Laboratory, National University Institute Champollion, University of Toulouse, Albi, France
| | - Martina Traykova
- Department of Psychiatry, Reims University Hospital, EPSMM, Reims, France
| | - Ksenija Vucurovic
- Laboratoire C2S (Cognition, Santé, Société), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA, 6291, France
| | - Pamela Gobin
- Laboratoire C2S (Cognition, Santé, Société), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA, 6291, France
| | - Sarah Barrière
- Department of Psychiatry, Reims University Hospital, EPSMM, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Portefaix
- Department of Radiology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France; Laboratoire CReSTIC, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA, 3804, France
| | - Fabien Gierski
- Department of Psychiatry, Reims University Hospital, EPSMM, Reims, France; Laboratoire C2S (Cognition, Santé, Société), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA, 6291, France
| | - Stéphanie Caillies
- Laboratoire C2S (Cognition, Santé, Société), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA, 6291, France
| | - Arthur Kaladjian
- Department of Psychiatry, Reims University Hospital, EPSMM, Reims, France; Laboratoire C2S (Cognition, Santé, Société), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA, 6291, France; Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Cengiz M, Karacetin G, Topal M, Yuksel M, Eseroglu T, Akdeniz G, Demir T, Erkiran M, Dirican A, Bayoglu B. COMT rs4680 and DRD2 rs6275 variants and their association with YMRS scores in children with early-onset bipolar disorder. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpsy.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Kurtz M, Mohring P, Förster K, Bauer M, Kanske P. Deficits in explicit emotion regulation in bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Int J Bipolar Disord 2021; 9:15. [PMID: 33937951 PMCID: PMC8089068 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-021-00221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to compile and synthesize studies investigating explicit emotion regulation in patients with bipolar disorder and individuals at risk of developing bipolar disorder. The importance of explicit emotion regulation arises from its potential role as a marker for bipolar disorders in individuals at risk and its potent role in therapy for bipolar disorder patients. Methods To obtain an exhaustive compilation of studies dealing specifically with explicit emotion regulation in bipolar disorder, we conducted a systematic literature search in four databases. In the 15 studies we included in our review, the emotion-regulation strategies maintenance, distraction, and reappraisal (self-focused and situation-focused) were investigated partly on a purely behavioral level and partly in conjunction with neural measures. The samples used in the identified studies included individuals at increased risk of bipolar disorder, patients with current affective episodes, and patients with euthymic mood state. Results In summary, the reviewed studies' results indicate impairments in explicit emotion regulation in individuals at risk for bipolar disorder, patients with manic and depressive episodes, and euthymic patients. These deficits manifest in subjective behavioral measures as well as in neural aberrations. Further, our review reveals a discrepancy between behavioral and neural findings regarding explicit emotion regulation in individuals at risk for bipolar disorders and euthymic patients. While these groups often do not differ significantly in behavioral measures from healthy and low-risk individuals, neural differences are mainly found in frontostriatal networks. Conclusion We conclude that these neural aberrations are a potentially sensitive measure of the probability of occurrence and recurrence of symptoms of bipolar disorders and that strengthening this frontostriatal route is a potentially protective measure for individuals at risk and patients who have bipolar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Kurtz
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Pia Mohring
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Förster
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Kanske
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Hypomania and saccadic changes in Parkinson's disease: influence of D2 and D3 dopaminergic signalling. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 6:5. [PMID: 31970287 PMCID: PMC6969176 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-019-0107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the influence of two dopaminergic signalling pathways, TaqIA rs1800497 (influencing striatal D2 receptor density) and Ser9Gly rs6280 (influencing the striatal D3 dopamine-binding affinity), on saccade generation and psychiatric comorbidities in Parkinson’s disease, this study aimed to investigate the association of saccadic performance in hypomanic or impulsive behaviour in parkinsonian patients; besides we questioned whether variants of D2 (A1+/A1−) and D3 (B1+/B1−) receptor polymorphism influence saccadic parameters differently, and if clinical parameters or brain connectivity changes modulate this association in the nigro-caudatal and nigro-collicular tract. Initially, patients and controls were compared regarding saccadic performance and differed in the parameter duration in memory-guided saccades (MGS) and visually guided saccades (VGS) trials (p < 0.0001) and in the MGS trial (p < 0.03). We were able to find associations between hypomanic behaviour (HPS) and saccade parameters (duration, latency, gain and amplitude) for both conditions [MGS (p = 0.036); VGS (p = 0.033)], but not for impulsive behaviour. For the A1 variant duration was significantly associated with HPS [VGS (p = 0.024); MGS (p = 0.033)]. In patients with the B1 variant, HPS scores were more consistently associated with duration [VGS (p = 0.005); MGS (p = 0.015), latency [VGS (p = 0.022)]] and amplitude [MGS (p = 0.006); VGS (p = 0.005)]. The mediation analysis only revealed a significant indirect effect for amplitude in the MGS modality for the variable UPDRS-ON (p < 0.05). All other clinical scales and brain connectivity parameters were not associated with behavioural traits. Collectively, our findings stress the role of striatal D2 and D3 signalling mechanisms in saccade generation and suggest that saccadic performance is associated with the clinical psychiatric state in Parkinson’s disease.
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Vulnerability to bipolar disorder is linked to sleep and sleepiness. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:294. [PMID: 31712668 PMCID: PMC6848097 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep impairments are a hallmark of acute bipolar disorder (BD) episodes and are present even in the euthymic state. Studying healthy subjects who are vulnerable to BD can improve our understanding of whether sleep impairment is a predisposing factor. Therefore, we investigated whether vulnerability to BD, dimensionally assessed by the hypomanic personality scale (HPS), is associated with sleep disturbances in healthy subjects. We analyzed participants from a population-based cohort who had completed the HPS and had either a 7-day actigraphy recording or a Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) assessment. In addition, subjects had to be free of confounding diseases or medications. This resulted in 771 subjects for actigraphy and 1766 for PSQI analyses. We found strong evidence that higher HPS scores are associated with greater intraindividual sleep variability, more disturbed sleep and more daytime sleepiness. In addition, factor analyses revealed that core hypomanic features were especially associated with self-reported sleep impairments. Results support the assumption of disturbed sleep as a possibly predisposing factor for BD and suggest sleep improvement as a potential early prevention target.
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Looking on the bright side and seeing it vividly: interpretation bias and involuntary mental imagery are related to risk for bipolar disorder. Behav Cogn Psychother 2019; 48:203-215. [PMID: 31597584 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465819000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Involuntary mental imagery is elevated among people with bipolar disorder, and has been shown to shape biases in interpretation of ambiguous information. However, it is not clear whether biases in interpretation of ambiguous scenarios can be observed in those at risk for bipolar disorder, or whether involuntary imagery is related to such a bias. AIMS In the present study, we extended a prominent model of bipolar cognition to an at-risk sample. We specifically tested whether positive interpretation bias and involuntary mental imagery are linked to a greater risk of bipolar disorder. METHOD Young adults (N = 169) completed measures of risk for bipolar disorder (the Hypomanic Personality Scale [HPS]), interpretation bias, and involuntary mental imagery. RESULTS Higher scores on the HPS were significantly correlated with more positive interpretations of ambiguous scenarios (β = 0.29, p <. 01) and more frequent involuntary mental imagery (β = 0.22, p < .01). There was no evidence of an interaction between interpretation bias and mental imagery in predicting HPS score, β = .04, p = .62. CONCLUSIONS Further research is warranted to determine if intrusive imagery or interpretation bias influence the development of bipolar disorder over time in those at risk.
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Feiss A, Johnson SL, Peckham A, Blair J. Valence specific response reversal deficits and risk for mania. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-017-9633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Kim BN, Kwon SM, Meyer TD. Reward Sensitivity and Affect After Success: Role of Positive Attribution Bias in Korean Individuals at Risk for Bipolar Disorder. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2017.36.7.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Na Kim
- Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Thomas D. Meyer
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
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Raucher-Chéné D, Terrien S, Gobin P, Gierski F, Kaladjian A, Besche-Richard C. Modulation of the N400 component in relation to hypomanic personality traits in a word meaning ambiguity resolution task. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 71:637-646. [PMID: 28457018 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM High levels of hypomanic personality traits have been associated with an increased risk of developing bipolar disorder (BD). Changes in semantic content, impaired verbal associations, abnormal prosody, and abnormal speed of language are core features of BD, and are thought to be related to semantic processing abnormalities. In the present study, we used event-related potentials to investigate the relation between semantic processing (N400 component) and hypomanic personality traits. METHODS We assessed 65 healthy young adults on the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS). Event-related potentials were recorded during a semantic ambiguity resolution task exploring semantic ambiguity (polysemous word ending a sentence) and congruency (target word semantically related to the sentence). RESULTS As expected, semantic ambiguity and congruency both elicited an N400 effect across our sample. Correlation analyses showed a significant positive relationship between the Social Vitality subscore of the HPS and N400 modulation in the frontal region of interest in the incongruent unambiguous condition, and in the frontocentral region of interest in the incongruent ambiguous condition. CONCLUSION We found differences in semantic processing (i.e., detection of incongruence and semantic inhibition) in individuals with higher Social Vitality subscores. In the light of the literature, we discuss the notion that a semantic processing impairment could be a potential marker of vulnerability to BD, and one that needs to be explored further in this clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Raucher-Chéné
- Psychiatry Department, University Hospital, Reims, France.,Cognition, Health & Socialization (C2S EA6291) Laboratory, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Sarah Terrien
- Cognition, Health & Socialization (C2S EA6291) Laboratory, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Pamela Gobin
- Cognition, Health & Socialization (C2S EA6291) Laboratory, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Fabien Gierski
- Cognition, Health & Socialization (C2S EA6291) Laboratory, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Arthur Kaladjian
- Psychiatry Department, University Hospital, Reims, France.,Cognition, Health & Socialization (C2S EA6291) Laboratory, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Chrystel Besche-Richard
- Cognition, Health & Socialization (C2S EA6291) Laboratory, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Kim BN, Kwon SM. The link between hypomania risk and creativity: The role of heightened behavioral activation system (BAS) sensitivity. J Affect Disord 2017; 215:9-14. [PMID: 28288308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between bipolar disorder (BD) and creativity is well-known; however, relatively little is known about its potential mechanism. We investigated whether heightened behavioral activation system (BAS) sensitivity may mediate such relationship. METHODS Korean young adults (N=543) completed self-report questionnaires that included the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS), the Behavioral Activation System(BAS) Scale, the Everyday Creativity Scale (ECS), the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale (ASRM). Correlational, hierarchical regression and mediation analyses using bootstrap confidence intervals were conducted. RESULTS As predicted, BAS sensitivity was associated with self-reported creativity as well as hypomania risk and symptoms. Even when positive affect was controlled, BAS sensitivity predicted incrementally significant variance in explaining creativity. In mediation analysis, BAS sensitivity partially mediated the relation between hypomania risk and creativity. LIMITATIONS Reliance on self-report measures in assessing creativity and usage of non-clinical sample. CONCLUSIONS BAS sensitivity was related not only to mood pathology but also to creativity. As a basic affective temperament, BAS sensitivity may help explain incompatible sides of adaptation associated with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Na Kim
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 1, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-746, South Korea.
| | - Seok-Man Kwon
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 1, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-746, South Korea
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Research Domain Criteria versus DSM V: How does this debate affect attempts to model corticostriatal dysfunction in animals? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 76:301-316. [PMID: 27826070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
For decades, the nosology of mental illness has been based largely upon the descriptions in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM). A recent challenge to the DSM approach to psychiatric nosology from the National Institute on Mental Health (USA) defines Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) as an alternative. For RDoC, psychiatric illnesses are not defined as discrete categories, but instead as specific behavioral dysfunctions irrespective of DSM diagnostic categories. This approach was driven by two primary weaknesses noted in the DSM: (1) the same symptoms occur in very different disease states; and (2) DSM criteria lack grounding in the underlying biological causes of mental illness. RDoC intends to ground psychiatric nosology in those underlying mechanisms. This review addresses the suitability of RDoC vs. DSM from the view of modeling mental illness in animals. A consideration of all types of psychiatric dysfunction is beyond the scope of this review, which will focus on models of conditions associated with frontostriatal dysfunction.
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Emotion regulation and mania risk: Differential responses to implicit and explicit cues to regulate. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2016; 50:283-8. [PMID: 26530326 PMCID: PMC4785014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES People prone to mania use emotion regulation (ER) strategies well when explicitly coached to do so in laboratory settings, but they find these strategies ineffective in daily life. We hypothesized that, compared with control participants, mania-prone people would show ER deficits when they received implicit, but not explicit, cues to use ER. METHODS Undergraduates (N = 66) completed the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) and were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: automatic ER (scrambled sentence primes), deliberate ER (verbal instructions), or control (no priming or instructions to use ER). Then, participants played a videogame designed to evoke anger. Emotion responses were measured with a multi-modal assessment of self-reported affect, psychophysiology, and facial expressions. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was used to index ER. RESULTS The videogame effectively elicited subjective anger, angry facial expressions, and heart rate increases when keys malfunctioned. As hypothesized, persons who were more mania prone showed greater RSA increases in the deliberate ER condition than in the automatic or control conditions. LIMITATIONS One potential limitation is the use of an analog sample. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that those at risk for mania require more explicit instruction to engage ER effectively.
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Johnson SL, Carver CS, Joormann J, Cuccaro ML. Genetic polymorphisms related to behavioral approach and behavioral inhibition scales. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Johnson SL, Freeman MA, Staudenmaier PJ. Mania Risk, Overconfidence, and Ambition. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2015.34.7.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fulford D, Eisner LR, Johnson SL. Differentiating risk for mania and borderline personality disorder: The nature of goal regulation and impulsivity. Psychiatry Res 2015; 227:347-52. [PMID: 25892256 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Researchers and clinicians have long noted the overlap among features and high comorbidity of bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder. The shared features of impulsivity and labile mood in both disorders make them challenging to distinguish. We tested the hypothesis that variables related to goal dysregulation would be uniquely related to risk for mania, while emotion-relevant impulsivity would be related to risk for both disorders. We administered a broad range of measures related to goal regulation traits and impulsivity to 214 undergraduates. Findings confirmed that risk for mania, but not for borderline personality disorder, was related to higher sensitivity to reward and intense pursuit of goals. In contrast, borderline personality disorder symptoms related more strongly than did mania risk with threat sensitivity and with impulsivity in the context of negative affect. Results highlight potential differences and commonalities in mania risk versus borderline personality disorder risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fulford
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, 401 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, 2350 West El Camino Real, Mountain View, CA 94040, USA.
| | - Lori R Eisner
- Bipolar Clinic and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 50 Staniford St., Ste 580, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sheri L Johnson
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Psychology, 3417 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Johnson SL, Murray G, Hou S, Staudenmaier PJ, Freeman MA, Michalak EE. Creativity is linked to ambition across the bipolar spectrum. J Affect Disord 2015; 178:160-4. [PMID: 25837549 PMCID: PMC7187909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Beyond evidence for an association, little is known about the mechanism linking creativity bipolar spectrum conditions. Theory suggests that ambition, which is heightened in bipolar disorder (BD) and associated with creativity in the general population, might be an important variable. The overarching aim of this project was to evaluate whether ambition is related to creativity among those with bipolar spectrum conditions. METHOD Across two studies, we examined correlations between a validated self-report measure of ambition, the WASSUP, and creativity. In Study One, 22 individuals diagnosed with BD who self-identified as highly creative completed the WASSUP and a measure of lifetime creative accomplishment. In Study Two, 221 undergraduates completed the WASSUP, a measure of mania risk (the Hypomanic Personality Scale, HPS) and a measure designed to assess creativity in business projects and tasks. RESULTS In Study One, WASSUP scores were significantly elevated compared to normative levels in BD, and WASSUP scores were correlated with lifetime creative accomplishment within the artistic sample. In Study Two, mania risk was related to greater ambition and creativity, and ambition was also directly related to greater creativity. LIMITATIONS Both studies were limited by the reliance on self-reported ambition. CONCLUSION Ambition could be one important component of creative success across the bipolar spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri L. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Greg Murray
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Sharon Hou
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Canada
| | | | | | - Erin E. Michalak
- Division of Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2A1,Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 604 827 3393; fax: +1 604 822 7792. (E.E. Michalak)
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Johnson SL, Freeman MA, Staudenmaier PJ. Manic tendencies are not related to being an entrepreneur, intending to become an entrepreneur, or succeeding as an entrepreneur. J Affect Disord 2015; 173:154-8. [PMID: 25462410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Popular literature suggests a relationship between entrepreneurship and manic tendencies, yet little scientific research has evaluated whether manic tendencies foster entrance into entrepreneurial roles, intent to become an entrepreneur, or success as an entrepreneur. METHODS In study 1, 225 undergraduates and business school students/affiliates took an online survey to assess engagement and intent as entrepreneurs, as well as manic tendencies, including family diagnoses as reported on the Family Index of Risk for Mania, subsyndromal manic tendencies as assessed with the Hypomanic Personality Scale, and self-reported diagnoses. In study 2, the sample of entrepreneurs identified in study 1 was enriched by recruiting a larger group of established entrepreneurs from the community. Entrepreneurs (n=210) completed items concerning their success in entrepreneurship, and we examined whether the three measures of manic tendencies were related to success. RESULTS There was no evidence that those vulnerable to mania, regardless of definition, were more likely to be entrepreneurs, to intend to become entrepreneurs, or to succeed as entrepreneurs. LIMITATIONS The studies were limited by self-report measures and relatively small samples. CONCLUSIONS More nuanced models may explain the frequent clinical observations of manic traits among entrepreneurs.
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