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Xu L, Pinxten W, Vandereyt F, Falter M, Scherrenberg M, Kizilkilic SE, Van Erum H, Dendale P, Kindermans H. Motivational communication skills to improve motivation and adherence in cardiovascular disease prevention: A narrative review. Clin Cardiol 2023; 46:1474-1480. [PMID: 37675783 PMCID: PMC10716351 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle optimization is one of the most essential components of cardiovascular disease prevention. Motivational counseling provided by health care professionals could promote lifestyle modification. The purpose of the review is to identify possible evidence-based psychological principles that may be applicable to motivational counseling in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. These motivational communication skills promote behavioral change, improved motivation and adherence to cardiovascular disease prevention. A personal collection of the relevant publications. The review identified and summarized the previous evidence of implementation intentions, mental contrasting, placebo effect and nocebo effects and identity-based regulations in behavior change interventions and proposed their potential application in cardiovascular disease prevention. However, it is challenging to provide real support in sustainable CVD-risk reduction and encourage patients to implement lifestyle changes, while avoiding being unnecessarily judgmental, disrespectful of autonomy, or engaging patients in burdensome efforts that have little or no effect on the long run. Motivational communication skills have a great potential for effectuating sustainable lifestyle changes that reduce CVD-related risks, but it is also surrounded by ethical issues that should be appropriately addressed in practice. It is key to realize that motivational communication is nothing like an algorithm that is likely to bring about sustainable lifestyle change, but a battery of interventions that requires specific expertise and long term joint efforts of patients and their team of caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqi Xu
- UHasseltFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesDiepenbeekBelgium
- Heart Centre HasseltJessa HospitalHasseltBelgium
- School of NursingJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Wim Pinxten
- UHasseltFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesDiepenbeekBelgium
| | | | - Maarten Falter
- UHasseltFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesDiepenbeekBelgium
- Heart Centre HasseltJessa HospitalHasseltBelgium
- Department of Cardiology, KULeuvenFaculty of MedicineLeuvenBelgium
| | - Martijn Scherrenberg
- UHasseltFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesDiepenbeekBelgium
- Heart Centre HasseltJessa HospitalHasseltBelgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesAntwerp UniversityAntwerpBelgium
| | - Sevda Ece Kizilkilic
- UHasseltFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesDiepenbeekBelgium
- Heart Centre HasseltJessa HospitalHasseltBelgium
| | - Hanne Van Erum
- UHasseltFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - Paul Dendale
- UHasseltFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesDiepenbeekBelgium
- Heart Centre HasseltJessa HospitalHasseltBelgium
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Wright CE, Sheeran P, Voils CI, Blalock DV. A review of implementation intentions as a tool to benefit high-need patients and healthcare systems: U.S. veterans affairs as an exemplar. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 116:107937. [PMID: 37595504 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Implementation intentions (if-then plans) are an evidence-based behavior change strategy designed to translate behavioral intentions into habits [1]. Despite extensive evidence of its potential utility, this behavior change strategy is underutilized and under-researched in high-need healthcare contexts within the United States (U.S.) which face high rates of chronic conditions and barriers to care such as rurality, lack of resources, and cognitive strain from mental health and neurological conditions [2,3]. Implementation intentions have demonstrated efficacy in promoting many health behaviors proven to mitigate chronic conditions, namely physical activity, healthy diet, and substance use reduction [4-6]. In addition, the accessible, adaptable, and self-driven nature of implementation intentions allow the technique to meet many of the individual and system-level priorities of these high-need care contexts. By being patient-driven, proactive, and personalized, implementation intentions can help these patients cultivate healthy habits as part of their everyday lives. At the systems-level, implementation intentions' inexpensiveness, scalability, and compatibility with telemedicine platforms allow them to be integrated easily into existing healthcare system infrastructure [7,8]. This review describes these concepts in detail, and uses the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system as an exemplar to provide concrete examples of how and where implementation intentions could be integrated in a healthcare system, within some existing programs, to benefit both the system and individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Wright
- Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paschal Sheeran
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Corrine I Voils
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dan V Blalock
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Tanis J, Martijn C, Vroling MS, Maas J, Keijsers GPJ. Reducing binge eating through behavioral-focused versus emotion-focused implementation intentions in patients with binge eating disorder or bulimia nervosa: An experimental approach. Behav Res Ther 2023; 169:104399. [PMID: 37672830 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are characterized by recurrent binge eating, episodes of consuming large amounts of food in a discrete period of time associated with a loss of control. Implementation intentions are explicit if-then plans that engender goal-directed action, and rely less on cognitive control than standard treatment options. In a sample with BED and BN, we compared two implementation intention conditions to a control condition. In the behavior-focused condition, implementation intentions targeted binge eating behaviors. In the emotion-focused condition, implementation intentions targeted negative affect preceding binge eating. In the control condition, only goal intentions were set. Each condition comprised three sessions. Participants kept food diaries for four weeks. Compared to the control condition both implementation intention conditions showed significant and large reductions of binge eating that persisted for six months. Effects did not differ between the behavior-focused and emotion-focused implementation intention conditions. These results demonstrate that three sessions on implementation intention formation can lead to long-term reductions in binge eating in patients with BED or BN. Learning how to form implementation intentions seems a recommendable addition to the current standard treatment. Future research could investigate the added value of fully personalized implementation intentions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NL52600.068.15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorg Tanis
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Carolien Martijn
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje S Vroling
- GGNet Amarum, Expert Centre for Eating Disorders, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joyce Maas
- GGZ Oost-Brabant, Center for Eating Disorders, Helmond, the Netherlands
| | - Ger P J Keijsers
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Cooke R, McEwan H, Norman P. The effect of forming implementation intentions on alcohol consumption: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:68-80. [PMID: 36173203 PMCID: PMC10087331 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ISSUES Meta-analysis was used to estimate the effect of forming implementation intentions (i.e., if-then plans) on weekly alcohol consumption and heavy episodic drinking (HED). Sample type, mode of delivery, intervention format and timeframe were tested as moderator variables. APPROACH Cochrane, EThOS, Google Scholar, PsychArticles, PubMed and Web of Science were searched for relevant publications to 31 March 2021. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the effect size difference (d) between individuals forming versus not forming implementation intentions on weekly consumption and HED. KEY FINDINGS Sixteen studies were included in meta-analyses. The effect size difference for forming implementation intentions on weekly alcohol consumption was d+ = -0.14 confidence interval (CI) [-0.24; -0.03]. Moderator analyses highlighted stronger effects for: (i) community (d+ = -0.38, CI [-0.58; -0.18]) versus university (d+ = -0.04, CI [-0.13; 0.05]) samples; (ii) paper (d+ = -0.26, CI [-0.43; -0.09]) versus online (d+ = -0.04, CI [-0.14; 0.06]) mode of delivery; and (iii) volitional help sheet (d+ = -0.34, CI [-0.60; -0.07]) versus implementation intention format (d+ = -0.07, CI [-0.16; 0.02]). In addition, effects diminished over time (B = 0.02, SE = 0.01, CI [0.03; 0.01]). Forming implementation intentions had a null effect on HED, d+ = -0.01 CI [-0.10; 0.08]. IMPLICATIONS Forming implementation intentions reduces weekly consumption but has no effect on HED. CONCLUSION This review identifies boundary conditions on the effectiveness of implementation intentions to reduce alcohol consumption. Future research should focus on increasing the effectiveness of online-delivered interventions and integrating implementation intention and motivational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cooke
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Science, Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - Helen McEwan
- School of Psychology, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Paul Norman
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Ort A, Fahr A. Mental contrasting with implementation intentions as a technique for media-mediated persuasive health communication. Health Psychol Rev 2022; 16:602-621. [PMID: 34607534 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2021.1988866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) is a self-regulation strategy that combines the strategies mental contrasting (MC) in which individualscontrast a desired future with the current reality with the strategy of forming implementation intentions (II), which involves making concrete if-then plans (implementation intentions, II) to overcome the obstacles standing in the way of the desired future. Numerous studies across behavioral domains have demonstrated the effectiveness of this strategy in supporting people to adopt health-promoting behaviors or changing unhealthy behaviors. However, research on MCII has so far neglected the applicability of the concept in media-mediated persuasive health communication. This conceptual review aims to demonstrate and examine the potentials and effects of MCII as a technique to tailor media-mediated persuasive health messages and their dissemination through different media channels. In doing so, it draws on existing models of health behavior change, especially individuals' threat and coping appraisals. Potential effects of MCII on these cognitive factors are discussed, and practical implications for health message design are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ort
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Fahr
- Department of Communication and Media Research, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Renko E, Kostamo K, Hankonen N. Uptake of planning as a self-regulation strategy: Adolescents' reasons for (not) planning physical activity in an intervention trial. Br J Health Psychol 2022; 27:1209-1225. [PMID: 35451544 PMCID: PMC9790213 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Planning is an effective self-regulation strategy. However, little is known why some people take up planning and some do not. Such understanding would help interventions to promote planning. We investigated how adolescents explain their (non) use of planning for physical activity after an intervention. METHODS Qualitative content analysis was employed to investigate follow-up interviews (a purposeful sampling; n = 19 low-to-moderately active, vocational school students) of Let's Move It trial participants twice post-intervention: 6-8 weeks and 14 months post-baseline. In the intervention, planning was one of the key techniques used to promote PA. RESULTS We identified seven categories linked to reasons for (not) using planning. Most were related to feelings anticipated to result from planning. Action- and identity-related concerns were also raised. The reasons for planning were that the plan (1) helps to clarify what to do and to get things done, (2) strengthens the feeling of autonomy, (3) promotes a sense of progress, ability and control over one's PA. The reasons for not planning were that (having) a plan may (1) feel forced and like an unpleasant duty, (2) take away life's spontaneity and freedom, (3) result in anticipated annoyance and bad mood if one fails to enact the plan, or (4) be an effective strategy for others but not for the interviewee. CONCLUSIONS Planning may not only link to behavioural control but also the sense of autonomy, and thus subsequent motivation. We suggest various strategies to promote planning, including challenging non-planner identity and harnessing social dimension of planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Renko
- Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Katri Kostamo
- Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Nelli Hankonen
- Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Faculty of Social SciencesTampere UniversityTampereFinland
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Lin H, Xu D, Yang M, Ma X, Yan N, Chen H, He S, Deng N. Behaviour change techniques that constitute effective planning interventions to improve physical activity and diet behaviour for people with chronic conditions: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058229. [PMID: 35995541 PMCID: PMC9403139 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Action planning is a brief and effective behaviour change technique (BCT) to improve physical activity (PA) and diet behaviour (DB). This study aimed to identify critical BCTs and mechanisms of action (MoAs) to interpret the effectiveness of planning interventions based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection (EBSCO), psyARTICLES and Medline were searched for studies from January 1990 to September 2021 published in English. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Experiment involving action planning intervention to improve PA or DB in community-dwelling adult patients with chronic conditions. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two reviewers independently coded the planning interventions into BCT combinations and MoA assemblies. Outcome was dichotomised according to the statistical power and Cohen's d. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool and the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies-of Interventions assessment tool were used to assess the quality of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs, respectively. RESULTS From the 52 included studies, 46 BCTs were identified and linked to 21 MoAs. Long-term facilitators for planning intervention included 'self-monitoring of behaviour', 'problem solving', 'instruction on how to perform the behaviour' and 'adding objects to the environments'. The three most frequently occurring MoAs were 'intention', 'behavioural regulation', 'beliefs about capabilities'. The effective intervention groups had higher MoA scores that corresponded to the HAPA model constructs than the ineffective groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this review may inform scientific and effective planning intervention designs for community-dwelling people with chronic conditions in the future. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021241227.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueping Ma
- Cardiac Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Cardiac Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Information, Medical Security Center, Hainan Hospital, PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Shilin He
- Department of Information, Medical Security Center, Hainan Hospital, PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Ning Deng
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Devonport TJ, Chen-Wilson CH, Nicholls W, Robazza C, Cagas JY, Fernández-Montalvo J, Choi Y, Ruiz MC. Brief Remote Intervention to Manage Food Cravings and Emotions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:903096. [PMID: 35846655 PMCID: PMC9280415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.903096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic people have endured potentially stressful challenges which have influenced behaviors such as eating. This pilot study examined the effectiveness of two brief interventions aimed to help individuals deal with food cravings and associated emotional experiences. Participants were 165 individuals residing in United Kingdom, Finland, Philippines, Spain, Italy, Brazil, North America, South Korea, and China. The study was implemented remotely, thus without any contact with researchers, and involved two groups. Group one participants were requested to use daily diaries for seven consecutive days to assess the frequency of experience of their food cravings, frequency of giving in to cravings, and difficulty resisting cravings, as well as emotional states associated with their cravings. In addition to completing daily food diaries, participants in group two were asked to engage in mindful eating practice and forming implementation intentions. Participants assessed their perceived changes in eating, wellbeing, and health at the beginning and end of the intervention. Repeated measures MANOVAs indicated that participants experienced significantly less food cravings (i.e., craving experience, acting on cravings, difficulty resisting), as well as lower intensities of unpleasant states associated with cravings across time (T1 vs. T7). In contrast to our hypothesis, the main effects of the group (food craving diary vs. food craving diary and mindful eating practice) were not significant. Participants reported less eating and enhanced wellbeing at the end of the study (T7 vs. T1). Our findings can be used to inform future remote interventions to manage food cravings and associated emotions and highlight the need for alternative solutions to increase participant engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey J. Devonport
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Chao-Hwa Chen-Wilson
- Faculty of Health, Education & Society, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Nicholls
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Robazza
- Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jonathan Y. Cagas
- Department of Sports Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon, Philippines
| | | | - Youngjun Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Montse C. Ruiz
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Lin H, Yu P, Yang M, Wu D, Wang Z, An J, Duan H, Deng N. Making Specific Plan Improves Physical Activity and Healthy Eating for Community-Dwelling Patients With Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:721223. [PMID: 35664117 PMCID: PMC9160833 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.721223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Implementation intention formed by making a specific action plan has been proved effective in improving physical activity (PA) and dietary behavior (DB) for the general, healthy population, but there has been no meta-analysis of their effectiveness for patients with chronic conditions. This research aims to analyze several explanatory factors and overall effect of implementation intention on behavioral and health-related outcomes among community-dwelling patients. Methods We searched CIHNAL (EBSCO), PUBMED, Web of Science, Science Direct, SAGE Online, Springer Link, Taylor & Francis, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, CNKI, and five other databases for eligible studies. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate effect sizes of implementation intention on outcomes, including PA, DB, weight, and body mass index. And the eligible studies were assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for risk of bias assessment. Sensitivity analysis adopted sequential algorithm and the p-curve analysis method. Results A total of 54 studies were identified. Significant small effect sizes of the intervention were found for PA [standard mean difference (SMD) 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.10, 0.39)] and for the DB outcome [SMD -0.25, 95% CI (-0.34, -0.15)]. In moderation analysis, the intervention was more effective in improving PA for men (p < 0.001), older adults (p = 0.006), and obese/overweight patients with complications (p = 0.048) and when the intervention was delivered by a healthcare provider (p = 0.01). Conclusion Implementation intentions are effective in improving PA and DB for community dwelling patients with chronic conditions. The review provides evidence to support the future application of implementation intention intervention. Besides, the findings from this review offer different directions to enhance the effectiveness of this brief and potential intervention in improving patients' PA and DB. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=160491.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiye An
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huilong Duan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Hangzhou, China
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Liu Y, van den Wildenberg WP, Ridderinkhof KR, Wiers RW. Combining implementation intentions and monetary incentives to reduce alcohol use: a failed generalization to a public bar context. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2070876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wery P.M. van den Wildenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K. Richard Ridderinkhof
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout W. Wiers
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Addiction, Development, and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chami R, Cardi V, Lawrence N, MacDonald P, Rowlands K, Hodsoll J, Treasure J. Targeting binge eating in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder using inhibitory control training and implementation intentions: a feasibility trial. Psychol Med 2022; 52:874-883. [PMID: 32713405 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720002494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This trial examined the feasibility, acceptability, and effect sizes of clinical outcomes of an intervention that combines inhibitory control training (ICT) and implementation intentions (if-then planning) to target binge eating and eating disorder psychopathology. METHODS Seventy-eight adult participants with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder were randomly allocated to receive food-specific, or general, ICT and if-then planning for 4 weeks. RESULTS Recruitment and retention rates at 4 weeks (97.5% and 79.5%, respectively) met the pre-set cut-offs. The pre-set adherence to the intervention was met for the ICT sessions (84.6%), but not for if-then planning (53.4%). Binge eating frequency and eating disorder psychopathology decreased in both intervention groups at post-intervention (4 weeks) and follow-up (8 weeks), with moderate to large effect sizes. There was a tendency for greater reductions in binge eating frequency and eating disorders psychopathology (i.e. larger effect sizes) in the food-specific intervention group. Across both groups, ICT and if-then planning were associated with small-to-moderate reductions in high energy-dense food valuation (post-intervention), food approach (post-intervention and follow-up), anxiety (follow-up), and depression (follow-up). Participants indicated that both interventions were acceptable. CONCLUSIONS The study findings reveal that combined ICT and if-then planning is associated with reductions in binge eating frequency and eating disorder psychopathology and that the feasibility of ICT is promising, while improvements to if-then planning condition may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Chami
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Valentina Cardi
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Pamela MacDonald
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Rowlands
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John Hodsoll
- Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Abstract
Persistence in and timely disengagement from personal goals are core components of successful self-regulation and therefore relevant to well-being and performance. In the history of motivation psychology, there has been a clear emphasis on persistence. Only recently have researchers become interested in goal disengagement, as mirrored by the amount of pertinent research. In this review, we present an overview of the most influential motivational theories on persistence and disengagement that address situational and personal determinants, cognitive and affective mechanisms, and consequences for well-being, health, and performance. Some of these theories use a general approach, whereas others focus on individual differences. The theories presented incorporate classical expectancy-value constructs as well as contemporary volitional concepts of self-regulation. Many of the theoretical approaches have spread to applied fields (e.g., education, work, health). Despite numerous important insights into persistence and disengagement, we also identify several unresolved research questions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Brandstätter
- Department of Psychology and University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zürich, 8050 Zürich, Switzerland; ,
| | - Katharina Bernecker
- Department of Psychology and University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zürich, 8050 Zürich, Switzerland; ,
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Chami R, Reichenberger J, Cardi V, Lawrence N, Treasure J, Blechert J. Characterising binge eating over the course of a feasibility trial among individuals with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa. Appetite 2021; 164:105248. [PMID: 33819528 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa are eating disorders that are characterized by recurrent binge eating episodes. The highly contextualized nature of binge eating makes naturalistic research a particularly suitable means of understanding the context within which binge eating occurs. The present study aimed to characterise binge eating days with regards to the frequency and probability of negative affect, food craving, meal skipping, and dietary restriction. In addition, it aimed to examine whether a combined intervention that targets the experience of 'loss of control' over eating can decrease these potential maintenance factors that often precede binge eating episodes. Seventy-eight participants with bulimia nervosa (N = 40) or binge eating disorder (n = 38), who were randomly allocated to a food-specific or general intervention combining inhibitory control training and implementation intentions, completed mood and food diaries over four weeks. Results suggest that negative affect and food craving were elevated on binge eating days, but that dietary restraint and meal skipping did not characterise binge eating days. Moreover, meal skipping, binge eating, restriction, and compensation decreased throughout the intervention period, while negative affect and food craving did not. This suggests that some interventions may successfully reduce binge eating frequency without necessarily decreasing negative affect or food craving, thus pointing to the different routes to targeting binge eating and providing implications for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Chami
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Julia Reichenberger
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Valentina Cardi
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jens Blechert
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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14
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Thürmer JL, Wieber F, Gollwitzer PM. How can we master the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic? The role of planning at social levels. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2020.1852699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lukas Thürmer
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Frank Wieber
- Research Institute Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Peter M. Gollwitzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
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15
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Abstract
Researchers often claim that self-control is a skill. It is also often stated that self-control exertions are intentional actions. However, no account has yet been proposed of the skillful agency that makes self-control exertion possible, so our understanding of self-control remains incomplete. Here I propose the skill model of self-control, which accounts for skillful agency by tackling the guidance problem: how can agents transform their abstract and coarse-grained intentions into the highly context-sensitive, fine-grained control processes required to select, revise and correct strategies during self-control exertion? The skill model borrows conceptual tools from 'hierarchical models' recently developed in the context of motor skills, and asserts that self-control crucially involves the ability to manage the implementation and monitoring of regulatory strategies as the self-control exercise unfolds. Skilled agents are able do this by means of flexible practical reasoning: a fast, context-sensitive type of deliberation that incorporates non-propositional representations (including feedback signals about strategy implementation, such as the feeling of mental effort) into the formation and revision of the mixed-format intentions that structure self-control exertion. The literatures on implementation intentions and motivation framing offer corroborating evidence for the theory. As a surprising result, the skill of self-control that allows agents to overcome the contrary motivations they experience is self-effacing: instead of continuously honing this skill, expert agents replace it with a different one, which minimizes or prevents contrary motivations from arising in the first place. Thus, the more expert you are at self-control, the less likely you are to use it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Bermúdez
- Institut de Philosophie, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Programa de Filosofía & Área de Investigación Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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16
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Larsen JK, Hollands GJ. Targeting automatic processes to reduce unhealthy behaviours: a process framework. Health Psychol Rev 2021; 16:204-219. [PMID: 33491571 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2021.1876572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While previous frameworks to address health behaviours through targeting underlying automatic processes have stimulated an improved understanding of related interventions, deciding between intervention strategies often remains essentially arbitrary and atheoretical. Making considered decisions has likely been hampered by the lack of a framework that guides the selection of different intervention strategies targeting automatic processes to reduce unhealthy behaviours. We propose a process framework to fulfil this need, building upon the process model of emotion regulation. This framework differentiates types of intervention strategies along the timeline of the unfolding automatic response, distinguishing between three broad classes of intervention strategies - direct antecedent, indirect antecedent, and response-focused. Antecedent-focused strategies aim to prevent the exposure to or activation of automatic responses directly through the avoidance of unwanted stimulus-response associations (i.e., situation modification or situation-specific response selection), or indirectly through automatising self-control (i.e., attentional deployment or cognitive change). Response-focused strategies aim to directly downregulate automatic unwanted responses (i.e., response modulation). Three main working hypotheses derived from this process framework provide practical guidance for selecting interventions, but await direct testing in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junilla K Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gareth J Hollands
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Bieleke
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucas Keller
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Peter M. Gollwitzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Thürmer JL, Wieber F, Gollwitzer PM. Strategic Self-Regulation in Groups: Collective Implementation Intentions Help Cooperate When Cooperation Is Called for. Front Psychol 2020; 11:561388. [PMID: 33329189 PMCID: PMC7732645 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.561388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Groups need contributions that are personally costly to their members. Such cooperation is only adaptive when others cooperate as well, as unconditional cooperation may incur high costs to the individual. We argue that individuals can use We-if-then plans (collective implementation intentions, cIIs) to regulate their group-directed behavior strategically, helping them to cooperate selectively with group members in the situation planned for. In line with this prediction, a cII to consider group earnings increased cooperative decisions in a prisoners' dilemma game when playing against another group member but not when playing against a stranger (i.e., non-group member). Moreover, cIIs to cooperate in the prisoners' dilemma game did not increase cooperation in a structurally similar investment game that participants had not planned for. We discuss the role of collective planning in solving social dilemmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Lukas Thürmer
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Frank Wieber
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Institute of Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter M. Gollwitzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York City, NY, United States
- Institute of Psychology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
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19
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Muscat DM, Lambert K, Shepherd H, McCaffery KJ, Zwi S, Liu N, Sud K, Saunders J, O'Lone E, Kim J, Robbins A, Webster AC. Supporting patients to be involved in decisions about their health and care: Development of a best practice health literacy App for Australian adults living with Chronic Kidney Disease. Health Promot J Austr 2020; 32 Suppl 1:115-127. [PMID: 32888215 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Inadequate health literacy is common in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially among culturally and linguistically diverse groups. Patient information for people with CKD, including those with kidney failure requiring dialysis, is often written beyond their literacy level, and many CKD-related apps are not accurate or evidence based. These represent important barriers to health care decision-making and equity in access to health care. METHODS We developed a cross-platform application (the "SUCCESS app") to support Australian adults with kidney failure requiring dialysis to actively participate in self-management and decision-making. App content was informed by health literacy theory which recognises the importance of reducing the complexity of health information as well as equipping consumers with the skills necessary to access, understand and act on this information. The development team comprised members of diverse backgrounds and expertise, including nursing, allied health, psychology, epidemiology, nephrology and IT, as well as consumer representatives. RESULTS Content areas included diet, fluids, medicine, physical activity, emotional well-being and supportive care, chosen as they represent important decision points in the CKD trajectory. To support functional health literacy, a four-step process to simplify written content was used including calculating readability statistics, applying the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool, supplementing written information with video and audio content, and incorporating micro-learning and interactive quizzes. To develop communicative and critical health literacy skills, question prompt lists and evidence-based volitional help sheets were included in each module to support question-asking and behaviour change. We also developed animated skills training related to communication, shared decision-making and critical appraisal of health information. CONCLUSIONS This is the first health literacy informed app developed to promote active patient participation in CKD management and decision-making. Ongoing evaluation of the SUCCESS app through analysis of quantitative and qualitative data will provide valuable insights into the feasibility of implementing the app with dialysis patients, and the impact of the intervention of psychosocial and clinical outcomes. SO WHAT?: Digital health solutions have been found to improve self-management for chronic conditions, and could optimise the use of health care services and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Marie Muscat
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kelly Lambert
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Heather Shepherd
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kirsten J McCaffery
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie Zwi
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Na Liu
- School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and IT, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kamal Sud
- Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Saunders
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma O'Lone
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jinman Kim
- School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and IT, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Telehealth and Technology Center, Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Angela C Webster
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Aulbach MB, Knittle K, Haukkala A. Implicit process interventions in eating behaviour: a meta-analysis examining mediators and moderators. Health Psychol Rev 2019; 13:179-208. [PMID: 30676235 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2019.1571933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dual-process models integrate deliberative and impulsive mental systems and predict dietary behaviours better than deliberative processes alone. Computerised tasks such as the Go/No-Go, Stop-Signal, Approach-Avoidance, and Evaluative Conditioning have been used as interventions to directly alter implicit biases. This meta-analysis examines the effects of these tasks on dietary behaviours, explores potential moderators of effectiveness, and examines implicit bias change as a proposed mechanism. Thirty randomised controlled trials testing implicit bias interventions (47 comparisons) were included in a random-effects meta-analysis, which indicated small cumulative effects on eating-related behavioural outcomes (g = -0.17, CI95 = [-0.29; -0.05], p = .01) and implicit biases (g = -0.18, CI95 = [-0.34; -0.02], p = .02). Task type moderated these effects, with Go/No-Go tasks producing larger effects than other tasks. Effects of interventions on implicit biases were positively related to effects on eating behaviour (B = 0.42, CI95 = [0.02; 0.81], p = .03). Go/No-Go tasks seem to have most potential for altering dietary behaviours through implicit processes. While changes in implicit biases seem related to the effects of these interventions on dietary outcomes, more research should explore whether repeated exposure to implicit bias interventions may have any practical intervention value in real world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias B Aulbach
- a Faculty of Social Sciences, Social Psychology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Keegan Knittle
- a Faculty of Social Sciences, Social Psychology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Ari Haukkala
- a Faculty of Social Sciences, Social Psychology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
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21
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Ayre J, Bonner C, Cvejic E, McCaffery K. Randomized trial of planning tools to reduce unhealthy snacking: Implications for health literacy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209863. [PMID: 30653531 PMCID: PMC6336265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Guidance to address health literacy often focuses on health education rather than tools to facilitate action, despite action being important for self-management. This study evaluated an online intervention informed by health literate design principles and behavior change theory to reduce unhealthy snacking. METHODS 440 participants were recruited online and randomized to an intervention: 1) Health-literate action plan (guided implementation intention); 2) Standard action plan (self-guided implementation intention); 3) Education (healthy snacking fact-sheet). The primary outcome was self-reported unhealthy snacking. Follow-up was at 1 month. RESULTS 373 participants (84.8%) completed follow-up. Half the sample had adequate health literacy (52%), and the other half had low (24%) or possibly low (25%) health literacy, as measured by Newest Vital Sign (NVS). At follow-up, lower health literacy was associated with more unhealthy snacks and there was no overall difference between intervention groups. However, participants with lower health literacy who used the health-literate action plan reported less unhealthy snacking compared to the standard action plan; the reverse was true for those with higher health literacy scores (b = 1.7, p = 0.03). People scoring 2 points below the mean NVS (M = 3.4, SD = 2.0) using the health-literate action plan reported eating 8 fewer serves of unhealthy snacks, whereas people scoring 2 points above the mean NVS reported eating 6 more serves of unhealthy snacks using the same tool. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the universal precautions approach currently recommended for health information may be less effective for facilitating action than tailoring to health literacy level. TRIAL REGISTRATION ANZCTR identifier: ACTRN12617001194358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ayre
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Sydney Health Literacy Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carissa Bonner
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Sydney Health Literacy Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Cvejic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsten McCaffery
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Sydney Health Literacy Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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22
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Scheib JPP, Stoll S, Thürmer JL, Randerath J. Efficiency in Rule- vs. Plan-Based Movements Is Modulated by Action-Mode. Front Psychol 2018; 9:309. [PMID: 29593612 PMCID: PMC5859074 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rule/plan motor cognition (RPMC) paradigm elicits visually indistinguishable motor outputs, resulting from either plan- or rule-based action-selection, using a combination of essentially interchangeable stimuli. Previous implementations of the RPMC paradigm have used pantomimed movements to compare plan- vs. rule-based action-selection. In the present work we attempt to determine the generalizability of previous RPMC findings to real object interaction by use of a grasp-to-rotate task. In the plan task, participants had to use prospective planning to achieve a comfortable post-handle rotation hand posture. The rule task used implementation intentions (if-then rules) leading to the same comfortable end-state. In Experiment A, we compare RPMC performance of 16 healthy participants in pantomime and real object conditions of the experiment, within-subjects. Higher processing efficiency of rule- vs. plan-based action-selection was supported by diffusion model analysis. Results show a significant response-time increase in the pantomime condition compared to the real object condition and a greater response-time advantage of rule-based vs. plan-based actions in the pantomime compared to the real object condition. In Experiment B, 24 healthy participants performed the real object RPMC task in a task switching vs. a blocked condition. Results indicate that plan-based action-selection leads to longer response-times and less efficient information processing than rule-based action-selection in line with previous RPMC findings derived from the pantomime action-mode. Particularly in the task switching mode, responses were faster in the rule compared to the plan task suggesting a modulating influence of cognitive load. Overall, results suggest an advantage of rule-based action-selection over plan-based action-selection; whereby differential mechanisms appear to be involved depending on the action-mode. We propose that cognitive load is a factor that modulates the advantageous effect of implementation intentions in motor cognition on different levels as illustrated by the varying speed advantages and the variation in diffusion parameters per action-mode or condition, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Stoll
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - J. Lukas Thürmer
- Department of Political Science and Administration, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer Randerath
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Health Research, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
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23
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Larsen JK, Hermans RCJ, Sleddens EFC, Vink JM, Kremers SPJ, Ruiter ELM, Fisher JO. How to bridge the intention-behavior gap in food parenting: Automatic constructs and underlying techniques. Appetite 2017; 123:191-200. [PMID: 29277519 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although parents often report positive intentions to promote and create a healthy food environment for their children (e.g., setting limits to snacks offered), they also experience difficulties in translating these intentions into actual behaviors. In this position paper, we argue that automatic processes explain an important part of the gap between parents' intentions and their actual food parenting behaviors. We provide a conceptual framework in which we hypothesize that automatic effects on food parenting occur through two key interrelated constructs: habits (key outcome construct) and volitional regulation behaviors (key mediating construct). Moreover, we discuss potentially important impulse-focused techniques that may directly change habits (e.g., nudging; inhibitory control training) or indirectly through volitional regulation behaviors (e.g., implementation intentions; mental contrasting). We make use of the literature on the role of intention-behavior discordance in general health behaviors and discuss implications for food parenting practices. Our framework provides a dual process view towards food parenting and may help to explain when and why parents are likely to engage in (un)healthy food parenting behaviors. In addition, this framework may hopefully stimulate research on (combinations of old and) new techniques to promote good food parenting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junilla K Larsen
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Roel C J Hermans
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ester F C Sleddens
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stef P J Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie L M Ruiter
- Academic Collaborative Centre AMPHI, Primary and Community Care, ELG 117, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer O Fisher
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, 3223 N. Broad Street, Suite 175, Philadelphia PA 19140, USA
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