1
|
Gharaei N, Fleischmann F, Phalet K. National Identity Development Among Minority Youth: Longitudinal Relations with National Fit Perceptions and School Belonging. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02036-0. [PMID: 38896353 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Across Western Europe, immigrant-origin minority youth often struggle to belong socially and to develop national self-identification. Yet, almost no research to-date has asked how these youth perceive the cultural contents of the national identity in their residence country-or rather, to what extent they perceive youth like them to (mis)fit the national identity. The present study addressed this research gap by centering schools as developmental contexts of evolving belonging and national self-identification and newly inquiring into minority youth's perceptions of national (mis)fit as critical levers of their national identity development. Drawing on data from two annual waves of the Leuven-Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (Leuven-CILS), a sample of 942 Moroccan- and Turkish-origin youth (Mage-T1 = 14.98, SD = 1.22; 52% female) in 62 Belgian schools was used. Cross-lagged analysis combined repeated measures of school belonging and national self-identification with vignette measures of the perceived national fit of (imagined) culturally different peers. While school belonging and national self-identification were unrelated over time, earlier perceived national fit uniquely enabled more national self-identification one year later, over and above evolving school belonging. These findings suggest that experiencing belonging in school does not suffice for minority youth to develop national self-identification. Schools may, however, promote national identity development through redefining national identities to include cultural diversity-thereby signaling to minority youth that they can fit the national identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Gharaei
- German Centre for Integration and Migration Research (DeZIM), Mauerstraße 76, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102-box 3727, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Fenella Fleischmann
- Department of Sociology, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15508, 1001 NA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Phalet
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102-box 3727, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Correia I, Carvalho H, Otto K, Nudelman G. Justice perceptions and well-being: Belief in a just world is a personal resource and a coping resource. Br J Psychol 2024; 115:324-344. [PMID: 38049953 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the perception of justice is a core need of all individuals, the adaptive value of belief in a just world (BJW)-in everyday life and when facing severe distress-has been typically investigated in separate studies. In this article, we tested, in only one study, the possibility that BJW can be a personal resource and a coping resource. We analysed data from the European Social Survey comprised of random representative samples of 27 European countries (N = 24,776 participants). We considered distressing circumstances both at an individual level (health impairment and financial difficulty) and at a macroeconomic contextual level. The results showed that for people both facing and not facing financial or health-related distress, BJW was positively associated with well-being, supporting BJW as a personal resource. Furthermore, we found that the decrease of well-being of people facing distress, both at an individual level and at a contextual level, compared to people not facing distress, was lower for individuals with higher BJW than for individuals with lower BJW, supporting BJW as a coping resource.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Correia
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rubin M, Kevin Owuamalam C, Spears R, Caricati L. A social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA): Multiple explanations of system justification by the disadvantaged that do not depend on a separate system justification motive. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2022.2046422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rubin
- Durham University and the University of Newcastle, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Olonisakin TT, Idemudia ES. Psycho-social correlates of wellbeing among South Africans: An exploration of the 2017 South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS). Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 231:103792. [PMID: 36335887 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Wellbeing is a public health variable as it is an index of societal development. According to the most recent World Happiness Reports, South Africa ranks low in the self-reported wellbeing of its citizens. This study set out to understand the contributory factors to wellbeing of South Africans. This study explored the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS) of 2017, a national survey of social attitudes in South Africa for variables that are related to the wellbeing of the citizens. Group identification, national identification, hopefulness for group's future, positive interracial contact, belief in sustaining memory of apartheid, attitude towards immigrants, frequency of group's discrimination experience, and life satisfaction were identified. Statistical analysis showed that these variables are significantly associated with wellbeing for the total sample. Also, analysis by population groups showed that these variables had differential significance for members of different groups. Life satisfaction emerged as the most important predictor of wellbeing for the total sample and Black Africans, Indian/Asians, and Colored groups. The findings of this study showed that different psycho-social factors are critical to the wellbeing of South Africans. It was suggested that the life experiences of the different population groups could influence how important a factor is in wellbeing and this should be considered in efforts to improve wellbeing of the citizens.
Collapse
|
5
|
Perceptions of the Targets and Sources of COVID-19 Threat are Structured by Group Memberships and Responses are Influenced by Identification with Humankind. Psychol Belg 2022; 62:75-88. [PMID: 35414942 PMCID: PMC8932360 DOI: 10.5334/pb.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate which social groups are perceived as a threat target and which are perceived as a threat source during the COVID-19 outbreak. In a German sample (N = 1454) we examined perceptions of social groups ranging from those that are psychologically close and smaller (family, friends, neighbors) to those that are more distal and larger (people living in Germany, humankind). We hypothesized that psychologically closer groups would be perceived as less affected by COVID-19 as well as less threatening than more psychologically distal groups. Based on social identity theorizing, we also hypothesized that stronger identification with humankind would change these patterns. Furthermore, we explored how these threat perceptions relate to adherence to COVID-19 health guidelines. In line with our hypotheses, latent random-slope modelling revealed that psychologically distal and larger groups were perceived as more affected by COVID-19 and as more threatening than psychologically closer and smaller groups. Including identification with humankind as a predictor into the threat target model resulted in a steeper increase in threat target perception patterns, whereas identification with humankind did not predict differences in threat source perceptions. Additionally, an increase in threat source perceptions across social groups was associated with more adherence to health guidelines, whereas an increase in threat target perceptions was not. We fully replicated these findings in a subgroup from the original sample (N = 989) four weeks later. We argue that societal recovery from this and other crises will be supported by an inclusive approach informed by a sense of our common identity as human beings.
Collapse
|
6
|
Frenzel SB, Junker NM, Avanzi L, Bolatov A, Haslam SA, Häusser JA, Kark R, Meyer I, Mojzisch A, Monzani L, Reicher S, Samekin A, Schury VA, Steffens NK, Sultanova L, Van Dijk D, van Zyl LE, Van Dick R. A trouble shared is a trouble halved: The role of family identification and identification with humankind in well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 61:55-82. [PMID: 34132410 PMCID: PMC8420363 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic has triggered health‐related anxiety in ways that undermine peoples’ mental and physical health. Contextual factors such as living in a high‐risk area might further increase the risk of health deterioration. Based on the Social Identity Approach, we argue that social identities can not only be local that are characterized by social interactions, but also be global that are characterized by a symbolic sense of togetherness and that both of these can be a basis for health. In line with these ideas, we tested how identification with one’s family and with humankind relates to stress and physical symptoms while experiencing health‐related anxiety and being exposed to contextual risk factors. We tested our assumptions in a representative sample (N = 974) two‐wave survey study with a 4‐week time lag. The results show that anxiety at Time 1 was positively related to stress and physical symptoms at Time 2. Feeling exposed to risk factors related to lower physical health, but was unrelated to stress. Family identification and identification with humankind were both negatively associated with subsequent stress and family identification was negatively associated with subsequent physical symptoms. These findings suggest that for social identities to be beneficial for mental health, they can be embodied as well as symbolic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja B Frenzel
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina M Junker
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Avanzi
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Aidos Bolatov
- Department of Biochemistry, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Jan A Häusser
- Department of Social Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Ronit Kark
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,School of Business, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Ines Meyer
- School of Management Studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Lucas Monzani
- Ivey Business School, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Stephen Reicher
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, UK
| | - Adil Samekin
- Department of Psychology of Religion and Pedagogy, International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Valerie A Schury
- Department of Social Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Liliya Sultanova
- Department of Psychology, Branch of Moscow State University Named for M.V. Lomonosov in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Dina Van Dijk
- Department of Health Systems Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Llewellyn E van Zyl
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany.,Human Performance Management, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands.,Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.,Department of HRM, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Van Dick
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Junker NM, van Dick R, Häusser JA, Ellwart T, Zyphur MJ. The I and We of Team Identification: A Multilevel Study of Exhaustion and (In)congruence Among Individuals and Teams in Team Identification. GROUP & ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/10596011211004789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The social identity approach to stress proposes that the beneficial effects of social identification develop through individual and group processes, but few studies have addressed both levels simultaneously. Using a multilevel person–environment fit framework, we investigate the group-level relationship between team identification (TI) and exhaustion, the individual-level relationship for people within a group, and the cross-level moderation effect to test whether individual-level exhaustion depends on the level of (in)congruence in TI between individuals and their group as a whole. We test our hypotheses in a sample of 525 employees from 82 teams. Multilevel polynomial regression analysis revealed a negative linear relationship between individual-level identification and exhaustion. Surprisingly, the relation between group-level identification and exhaustion was curvilinear, indicating that group-level identification was more beneficial at low and high levels compared with medium levels. As predicted, the cross-level moderation of the individual-level relationship by group-level identification was also significant, showing that as individuals became more incongruent in a positive direction (i.e., they identified more strongly than the average team member), they reported less exhaustion, but only if the group-level identification was average or high. These results emphasize the benefits of analyzing TI in a multilevel framework, with both theoretical and practical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rolf van Dick
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu JH, Zeineddine FB, Choi SY, Zhang RJ, Vilar R, Páez D. Living Historical Memory: Associations with National Identity, Social Dominance Orientation, and System Justification in 40 Countries. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN MEMORY AND COGNITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
9
|
Lim T, Leong C. Whose narratives? Divergence in how history is organised across generations and its impact on well‐being. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Travis Lim
- National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
| | - Chan‐Hoong Leong
- Singapore University of Social Sciences Singapore City Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang RJ. Social trust and satisfaction with life: A cross-lagged panel analysis based on representative samples from 18 societies. Soc Sci Med 2020; 251:112901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Salehi I, Zarrinkalam E, Mirzaei F, Abbasi Oshaghi E, Ranjbar K, Asl SS. Effects of Resistance, Endurance, and Concurrent Exercise on Oxidative Stress Markers and the Histological Changes of Intestine After Morphine Withdrawal in Rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ajmb.2018.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of resistance, endurance, and concurrent exercise on oxidative stress markers and histological changes of the intestine after morphine withdrawal in rats. Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6) including healthy control, withdrawal (rat received morphine for 21 days and 8 weeks of withdrawal period), withdrawal + endurance exercises, withdrawal + resistance exercises, and withdrawal + concurrent exercises. The rats practiced endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercises for 10 weeks. Then, their intestines were removed and used for biochemical and histological analysis. Next, several factors were measured such as total protein levels, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS). Finally, the morphological alteration of intestine was examined under the light microscope. Results: Morphine withdrawal significantly increased the levels of MDA in the intestine of withdrawal rats compared to those of the control group while endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise reduced the MDA levels in the intestine. In addition, morphine withdrawal led to a decrease in TAC and GSH levels in the intestine compared to control rats whereas endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise noticeably increased TAC and GSH levels. Interestingly, the change in the concurrent group was more significant. Moreover, the levels of TOS demonstrated a significant increase in the addicted rat as compared to the control group. Conversely, endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise significantly decreased TOS levels and the reduction was more significant in the concurrent group. Finally, the intestine of withdrawal rat was morphologically abnormal while it restored by the exercise. Conclusion: Overall, endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise significantly normalized oxidative stress and the morphological changes of the intestine in withdrawal rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Zarrinkalam
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mirzaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Kamal Ranjbar
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Centre , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|