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Atay M, Toprak H, Akcay A, Mehdi E, Yilmaz M. Association between left-sided varicocele and epididymo-orchitis with sonographic findings. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2024; 52:700-704. [PMID: 38651691 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between left-sided varicocele and epididymitis or epididymo-orchitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 72 patients with left side epididymitis (EP) or epididymo-orchitis (EPO) (Group 1) and a control group of 72 patients without EP or EPO (Group 2). Those with right EP-EPO were excluded due to possible other underlying retroperitoneal pathologies causing varicocele. Groups were evaluated for presence of left side varicocele, varicocele grade and pampiniform plexus vein diameter. RESULTS The average age was 38 ± 8.4 years (range, 18-50 years) in Group 1, and 36 ± 9.1 years (range, 16-47 years) in Group 2. Varicocele was significantly more common in patients with EP or EPO (p < 0.001). The rate of varicocele was 66.7% (48/72) in Group 1, and 22.3% (16/72) in Group 2. The median grade of varicocele was 2 in Group 1, and 0 in Group 2. Pampiniform plexus vein diameters were found to be significantly larger in patients with EP or EPO compare to patients without EP and EPO. The median vein diameter was 3.3 mm with the 25th and 75th percentiles at 2.7 and 3.8 mm, and was 1.9 mm with the 25th and 75th percentiles at 1.7 and 2.3 mm, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Left-sided varicocele was significantly more common in patients with EP or EPO and it is an important cause for the development of EP/EPO because of chronic venous stasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Atay
- Department of Radiology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Toprak
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Akcay
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elnur Mehdi
- Nuclear Medicine Department, National Centre of Oncology, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Mehmet Yilmaz
- Department of Urology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Zhang H, Zhou XP. The Effect of Neutral Alpha-Glucosidase on Semen Parameters. Urol Int 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38735284 DOI: 10.1159/000539218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the activity of neutral α-glucosidase in seminal plasma and semen quality and to explore the effect of secretory capability of the epididymis on male fertility. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 542 men treated in the Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility from February to December 2022, the semen parameters and neutral α-glucosidase were tested and compared among different groups. These 542 men included normozoospermia, oligospermia, asthenospermia, and teratozoospermia. RESULTS There was statistical difference in neutral alpha-glucosidase (NAG) level among different groups with different sperm concentration, motility, and morphology (p < 0.001). The NAG activity in seminal plasma was positively correlated with ejaculate volume and sperm concentration; meanwhile, a very weak positive correlation was found between NAG level and sperm motility, sperm morphology, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the secretion of NAG affected the volume, concentration, motility, and morphology of sperm to a certain extent. Given that NAG is a specific and marker enzyme in epididymis, where is the site of sperm maturation, we can conclude that there is a close relationship between NAG and sperm quality. Therefore, seminal plasma NAG has a definite clinical value in helping diagnosis of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Pu Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
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3
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Lira Neto FT, Roque M, Esteves SC. Effect of varicocele and varicocelectomy on sperm deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation rates in infertile men with clinical varicocele. Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2024; 76:49-69. [PMID: 36222786 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-606x.22.05169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Varicocele is the leading cause of male infertility. It can affect sperm quantity and quality through various non-mutually exclusive pathophysiological mechanisms, mainly oxidative stress. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species may overwhelm the sperm's defenses against oxidative stress and harm the sperm's DNA. Excessive sperm DNA breaks, so-called sperm DNA fragmentation, result from the oxidative stress cascade and are commonly found in the ejaculates of men with varicocele and fertility-related issues. Measuring sperm DNA fragmentation can provide valuable information on the extent of harm and might help select candidates for surgical treatment. Varicocelectomy is beneficial for alleviating oxidative stress-associated infertility and improving sperm DNA integrity. However, reproductive outcomes of infertile men with elevated sperm DNA fragmentation rates and surgically treated varicoceles remain poorly studied, and there is a need for well-designed trials to determine the impact of sperm DNA fragmentation reduction on natural and medically assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe T Lira Neto
- AndrosRecife, Andrology Clinic, Recife, Brazil
- Department of Urology, Prof. Fernando Figueira Institute of Integrative Medicine, Recife, Brazil
| | - Matheus Roque
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Mater Prime, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro C Esteves
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Referral Center for Male Reproduction, Campinas, Brazil -
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Minas A, de Oliveira Rodrigues L, Camargo M, Bertolla RP. Insight into inflammation involvement in varicocele: A narrative review. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 90:e13786. [PMID: 37881120 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicocele is one of the main causes of male infertility. Although the pathophysiology mechanism of varicocele is very well described and understood, there are some unanswered questions that remains unknown. Some studies have previously described the state of testicular inflammation and sperm in animal models, especially the mouse model, and the seminal plasma of men with varicocele, with or without changes in semen parameters. METHODS OF STUDY This review intended to verify the role of inflammatory mechanism in varicocele, using clinical studies as well as animal model studies on the effect of inflammation caused by varicocele on the function of testicular somatic and germ cells. RESULTS In-vivo studies confirmed whether anti-inflammatory molecules could treat the semen of men with varicocele and rats with varicocele. The use of different anti-inflammatory agents in mouse model studies provided a new perspective for future clinical studies to investigate the effect of concurrent treatment with surgery to improve surgical outcomes. CONCLUSION Similar to animal model studies, previously conducted clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory therapy in varicocele patients. However, clinical trials using anti-inflammatory are needed to be conducted agents to evaluate different aspects of this therapeutical approach in varicocele patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Minas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa de Oliveira Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camargo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pimenta Bertolla
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Zhang QF, Wang S, Zhang H, Liu QL, Wei Y, Deng W, Wang C, Yang B. Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on sperm quality in patients with varicocele-related male infertility: study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial. Trials 2022; 23:1002. [PMID: 36510262 PMCID: PMC9746131 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicocele is a high incidence and is considered to be the most common and correctable cause of male infertility. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of varicocele-related male infertility. In addition to varicocelectomy, antioxidant supplementation seems to be an effective scheme for the treatment of varicocele-related male infertility, but it is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on sperm quality in patients with varicocele-related male infertility. METHODS In this randomized controlled clinical trial, we will randomize 80 patients with varicocele-related male infertility from Guilin People's Hospital. The non-surgical observation group (n = 20) will receive ALA, the non-surgical control group (n = 20) will receive vitamin E, the surgical observation group (n = 20) will receive ALA after the operation, and the surgical control group (n = 20) will receive vitamin E after the operation. The course of treatment will be 3 months. The results will compare the changes in semen parameters, sex hormones, testicular volume, sperm DNA fragment index (DFI), seminal plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) between the groups at baseline and after 3 months of antioxidant supplementation. DISCUSSION Whether it is necessary to use antioxidants in varicocele-related male infertility, how potent antioxidants should be used, postoperative application or non-surgical independent application still needs to be explored. This study attempts to compare the effects of two antioxidants (ALA and vitamin E) on sperm quality in patients with varicocele-related male infertility (surgical or non-surgical) and attempted to answer the above questions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) ChiCTR2100054958. Registered on 29 December 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Andrology, Guilin People’s Hospital, Guilin, 541002 China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Guilin People’s Hospital, Guilin, 541002 China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guilin People’s Hospital, Guilin, 541002 China
| | - Qi-Li Liu
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541002 China
| | - Yu Wei
- Department of Urology, Guilin People’s Hospital, Guilin, 541002 China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Urology, Guilin People’s Hospital, Guilin, 541002 China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of Urology, Guilin People’s Hospital, Guilin, 541002 China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, Guilin People’s Hospital, Guilin, 541002 China
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De Masi R, Orlando S. GANAB and N-Glycans Substrates Are Relevant in Human Physiology, Polycystic Pathology and Multiple Sclerosis: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7373. [PMID: 35806376 PMCID: PMC9266668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are one of the four fundamental macromolecular components of living matter, and they are highly regulated in the cell. Their functions are metabolic, structural and modulatory. In particular, ER resident N-glycans participate with the Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 highly conserved sequence, in protein folding process, where the physiological balance between glycosylation/deglycosylation on the innermost glucose residue takes place, according GANAB/UGGT concentration ratio. However, under abnormal conditions, the cell adapts to the glucose availability by adopting an aerobic or anaerobic regimen of glycolysis, or to external stimuli through internal or external recognition patterns, so it responds to pathogenic noxa with unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR can affect Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and several neurological and metabolic diseases via the BiP stress sensor, resulting in ATF6, PERK and IRE1 activation. Furthermore, the abnormal GANAB expression has been observed in MS, systemic lupus erythematous, male germinal epithelium and predisposed highly replicating cells of the kidney tubules and bile ducts. The latter is the case of Polycystic Liver Disease (PCLD) and Polycystic Kidney Disease (PCKD), where genetically induced GANAB loss affects polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2), resulting in altered protein quality control and cyst formation phenomenon. Our topics resume the role of glycans in cell physiology, highlighting the N-glycans one, as a substrate of GANAB, which is an emerging key molecule in MS and other human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Masi
- Complex Operative Unit of Neurology, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy;
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania Orlando
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy
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Babaei A, Asadpour R, Mansouri K, Sabrivand A, Kazemi‐Darabadi S. Lycopene improves testicular damage and sperm quality in experimentally induced varicocele: Relationship with apoptosis, hypoxia, and hyperthermia. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1469-1480. [PMID: 35592276 PMCID: PMC9094497 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicocele is considered the main reason for male infertility. Antioxidants are common drugs used to reduce the complications of varicocele in these patients. So, we investigated the effects of lycopene on sperm quality, testicular histology, and the expression of some genes in experimentally induced varicocele. Fifty adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (n = 12), sham (n = 5), and varicocele (n = 33) groups. After 2 months of induced varicocele, five rats were randomly sacrificed and induced varicocele was investigated in each group. Finally, 35 rats were divided into five groups: the control, varicocele, varicocele reserving solvent, and varicocele reserving lycopene (4 and 10 mg/kg) for 2 months. At the end of the experiment, sperm viability, membrane integrity, the expression of Bax, Bcl2, hypoxia (hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α [HIF1‐α]), heat‐shock protein (heat‐shock protein A2 [HSPA2]) genes, and the histology of testes were measured. The results showed a significant decrease in the sperm viability, membrane integrity, Johnson's score, and the expression of the Bcl2 gene in the varicocele group compared to the control group. Also, there was a significant increase in Bax, HSPA2, and HIF1‐α expressions in the varicocele group compared to the control group. Although the administration of lycopene (10 mg/kg) in rats with varicocele improved sperm viability and membrane integrity, Johnson's score, and Bax expression compared to the varicocele group. Our findings indicated that the administration of lycopene in the varicocele group improved sperm quality and testicular injury induced by varicocele via decreasing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Babaei
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran
| | - Reza Asadpour
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research CenterHealth Technology InstituteKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Adel Sabrivand
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran
| | - Siamak Kazemi‐Darabadi
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran
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Wang K, Gao Y, Wang C, Liang M, Liao Y, Hu K. Role of Oxidative Stress in Varicocele. Front Genet 2022; 13:850114. [PMID: 35401656 PMCID: PMC8984266 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.850114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the official statistics of the World Health Organization, at least 48 million couples and 186 million people suffer from infertility. Varicocele has been recognized as the leading cause of male infertility and can affect spermatogenesis and cause testicular and epididymal disorders through multiple diverse pathophysiological processes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by oxidative stress have been reconciled as an important pathogenic factor throughout the course of varicocele. Testis respond to heat stress, hypoxia, and inflammation at the cost of producing excessive ROS. High levels of ROS can lead to infertility not only through lipid peroxidation or DNA damage, but also by inactivating enzymes and proteins in spermatogenesis. This review studies the oxidative stress and its role in the pathophysiology and molecular biology of varicocele in the context of a decline in fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ke Hu
- *Correspondence: Ke Hu, ; Yaping Liao,
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9
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Wu Y, Li H, Qin Y. S100A4 promotes the progression of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute epididymitis in mice†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:1213-1224. [PMID: 32072170 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A4 has been suggested to be a critical regulator of tumor metastasis and is implicated in the progression of inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression and possible role of S100A4 in epididymitis. Using a mouse model of epididymitis induced by the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the deferent duct, we found that LPS administration induced an upregulation of S100a4 transcription (P < 0.05) and a recruitment of S100A4 positive cells in the epididymal interstitium of wild type (WT) mice. Co-immunofluorescence showed that S100A4 was mainly expressed by granulocytes, CD4 lymphocytes, and macrophages. Deficiency of S100A4 reduced epididymal pathological reaction and the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α (P < 0.01), suggesting that S100A4 promotes the progression of epididymitis. Furthermore, S100A4 deficiency alleviated the decline of sperm motility and rectified the abnormal expression of sperm membrane protein AMAD3, which suggested that in the progression of epididymitis, S100A4 aggravates the damage to sperm vitality. In addition, both Ki-67 marked cell proliferation and transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling detected cell apoptosis were reduced in S100a4-/- mice compared with WT mice after LPS treatment, indicating that S100A4 promotes both cell proliferation and cell apoptosis in epididymitis. Overall, these results demonstrate that S100A4 promotes the progression of LPS-induced epididymitis and facilitates a decline in sperm vitality, and its function may be related to the process of cell proliferation and apoptosis during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghe Qin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Wu X, Zhang W, Gao J, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Platelet indices and varicocele: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13939. [PMID: 33369777 DOI: 10.1111/and.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The updated systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the platelet indices between patients with varicocele and healthy subject. The main purpose of our study was to explore the relationship between platelet and the pathogenesis of varicocele. Databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, and MEDLINE were retrieved to identify studies. Two independent investigators extracted the related information of the included original passages. In order to estimate the difference of varicocele patients and healthy subjects, we applied the standardised mean difference (SMD) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). 1,156 patients and 797 healthy subjects of nine studies met the pre-set inclusion criteria. The estimated SMD in MPV between varicocele patients and healthy subjects was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.29-0.93, p < 0.001). The estimated SMD in MPV between preoperative varicocele patients and post-operative varicocele patients was 0.22 (95% CI: 0.03-0.41, p = 0.02). The estimated SMD in PLT between varicocele patients and healthy subjects was -0.19 (95% CI: -0.28, -0.08, p = 0.001). The available data suggest that a higher MPV level in varicocele patients, and the varicocele operation can normalise the preoperatively elevated mean platelet volume levels. Further researches are needed to investigate the potential role of platelet with varicocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhang
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Wu
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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11
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Okada FK, Andretta RR, Spaine DM. One day is better than four days of ejaculatory abstinence for sperm function. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2020; 1:1-10. [PMID: 35128419 PMCID: PMC8812405 DOI: 10.1530/raf-20-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization guidelines, ejaculatory abstinence (EA) of 2–7 days is recommended for semen analysis. This study aimed to determine how seminal quality may be affected by two EA periods from the same man. Seminal samples from 65 men were evaluated by conventional semen analysis and qualitative characteristics after 1 and 4 days of EA (two samples/man). The semen was qualitatively analyzed by examining oxidative activity (intracellular and seminal plasma), sperm function (acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, and nuclear DNA integrity), and epididymal function. As expected, samples collected after 1 day of EA showed a decrease in volume and sperm total number compared to samples collected after 4 days of EA. The sperm motility of the samples collected after 1 day of EA was better compared to samples collected after 4 days of EA. Oxidative activity measured was lower after 1 day of EA compared with those measured after 4 days of EA. With regards to sperm function, samples collected after 1 day of EA showed an increase in acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, and nuclear DNA integrity compared with samples collected after 4 days of EA. Epididymal function showed no difference between the two-time points. Although samples collected after 4 days of EA showed better results for sperm quantity, samples collected after 1 day of EA showed better qualitative results, including motility, oxidative activity, and sperm function. Thus, it can be concluded that sperm storage at the epididymal tail may make spermatozoa more susceptible to oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Kazue Okada
- Human Reproduction Section, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, R. Borges Lagoa, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rhayza Roberta Andretta
- Human Reproduction Section, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, R. Borges Lagoa, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deborah Montagnini Spaine
- Human Reproduction Section, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, R. Borges Lagoa, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Agarwal A, Majzoub A, Baskaran S, Panner Selvam MK, Cho CL, Henkel R, Finelli R, Leisegang K, Sengupta P, Barbarosie C, Parekh N, Alves MG, Ko E, Arafa M, Tadros N, Ramasamy R, Kavoussi P, Ambar R, Kuchakulla M, Robert KA, Iovine C, Durairajanayagam D, Jindal S, Shah R. Sperm DNA Fragmentation: A New Guideline for Clinicians. World J Mens Health 2020; 38:412-471. [PMID: 32777871 PMCID: PMC7502318 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.200128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm DNA integrity is crucial for fertilization and development of healthy offspring. The spermatozoon undergoes extensive molecular remodeling of its nucleus during later phases of spermatogenesis, which imparts compaction and protects the genetic content. Testicular (defective maturation and abortive apoptosis) and post-testicular (oxidative stress) mechanisms are implicated in the etiology of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), which affects both natural and assisted reproduction. Several clinical and environmental factors are known to negatively impact sperm DNA integrity. An increasing number of reports emphasizes the direct relationship between sperm DNA damage and male infertility. Currently, several assays are available to assess sperm DNA damage, however, routine assessment of SDF in clinical practice is not recommended by professional organizations. This article provides an overview of SDF types, origin and comparative analysis of various SDF assays while primarily focusing on the clinical indications of SDF testing. Importantly, we report four clinical cases where SDF testing had played a significant role in improving fertility outcome. In light of these clinical case reports and recent scientific evidence, this review provides expert recommendations on SDF testing and examines the advantages and drawbacks of the clinical utility of SDF testing using Strength-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Ahmad Majzoub
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Saradha Baskaran
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Chak Lam Cho
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Hong Kong
- S. H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Renata Finelli
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
| | - Catalina Barbarosie
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Neel Parekh
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology & Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Edmund Ko
- Department of Urology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed Arafa
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Andrology Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nicholas Tadros
- Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | | | - Parviz Kavoussi
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rafael Ambar
- Urology Department of Centro Universitario em Saude do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Kathy Amy Robert
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Concetta Iovine
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Sunil Jindal
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Jindal Hospital, Meerut, India
| | - Rupin Shah
- Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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13
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Fraczek M, Wojnar L, Kamieniczna M, Piasecka M, Gill K, Kups M, Chopyak V, Havrylyuk A, Nakonechnyy J, Nakonechnyy A, Wozniak T, Kurpisz M. Seminal Plasma Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Different Genitourinary Topographical Regions Involved in Reproductive Tract Disorders Associated with Genital Heat Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176427. [PMID: 32899311 PMCID: PMC7504043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for male subfertility/infertility caused by or complicated by genital heat stress remains unclear in many respects. Because seminal plasma creates the environment for the proper functioning of spermatozoa, in this study, we verified the associations among standard spermiograms, seminal biochemical parameters (neutral alpha-glucosidase, fructose, and citric acid) and oxidative stress markers (total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, and malondialdehyde concentration) in distinct entities associated with male infertility with and without long-time exposure to local hyperthermia. We demonstrated that men exposed to prolonged environmental or clinically recognized local heat stress in adulthood may suffer from dysregulation of seminal antioxidant components, which can be directly associated with epididymal and prostate function. The comparative analysis of the studied parameters showed numerous correlations among all biochemical parameters (particularly neutral alpha-glucosidase) with low standard semen quality in almost all the investigated infertile groups. In light of the data obtained in this originally designed study, we conclude that more attention should be paid to the epididymis and accessory gland function in subfertile and infertile men exposed to genital heat stress, especially in the context of novel treatment algorithms (targeted therapies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Fraczek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Lukasz Wojnar
- Clinic of Urology and Oncological Urology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-285 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marzena Kamieniczna
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (T.W.)
| | - Malgorzata Piasecka
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (M.P.); (K.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Kamil Gill
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (M.P.); (K.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Michal Kups
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (M.P.); (K.G.); (M.K.)
- Department and Clinic Urology and Oncological Urology, Regional Specialist Hospital in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland
- VitroLive Fertility Clinic in Szczecin, 70-483 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Valentina Chopyak
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Danylo Halytskyy Lviv National Medical University, 79008 Lviv, Ukraine; (V.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Anna Havrylyuk
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Danylo Halytskyy Lviv National Medical University, 79008 Lviv, Ukraine; (V.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Jozef Nakonechnyy
- Department of Urology, Danylo Halytskyy Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Andrij Nakonechnyy
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Danylo Halytskyy Lviv National Medical University, 79059 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Tomasz Wozniak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (T.W.)
| | - Maciej Kurpisz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (M.K.)
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14
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Farsimadan M, Motamedifar M. Bacterial infection of the male reproductive system causing infertility. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 142:103183. [PMID: 32853846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections play a disruptive and hidden role in male reproductive failure. Different kinds of bacteria are often able to interfere with reproductive function in both sexes and lead to infertility. In this study, to further evaluate the role of bacterial infections in male reproduction we provided an extensive overview of so far researches investigating the effects of bacterial infections on male fertility. We searched Medline, PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar databases to identify the potentially relevant studies on bacterial infections and their implications in male infertility. All the bacteria included in this article have negative effects on the male reproductive function; however, there is ample evidence to blame bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma, Mycoplasma and Staphylococcus aureus for reduced fertility and deterioration of sperm parameters. More studies are needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms by which different bacteria exert their detrimental effects on male reproductive system. Getting more insight into probable mechanisms, would significantly facilitate the production of new, advanced, and effective remedies in the future. In view of all evidence, we strongly suggest increasing awareness among people and considering screening programs for patients seeking fertility both to avoid transmission and to improve fertility outcomes among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziye Farsimadan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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15
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Dave P, Farber N, Vij S. Conventional semen analysis and advanced sperm function tests in diagnosis and management of varicocele. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13629. [PMID: 32369238 DOI: 10.1111/and.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical varicoceles are a common cause of male infertility and affect sperm parameters as measured in a conventional semen analysis. Varicocelectomy has been shown in prospective studies to improve semen parameters in men with a clinical varicocele. Clinical varicoceles are also a well-known source of oxidative stress which may affect the quality of spermatozoa. Spermatozoa are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress due to a limited capacity for DNA repair. The susceptibility of spermatozoa to oxidative stress is modulated by a balance between ROS and antioxidants, which can be quantified by various laboratory assays. Varicocelectomy has been consistently shown to reduce both ROS and sperm DNA fragmentation, and various assays should be utilised in the diagnosis and treatment of infertile men with a clinical varicocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Dave
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas Farber
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Vij
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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16
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Su JS, Farber NJ, Vij SC. Pathophysiology and treatment options of varicocele: An overview. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13576. [PMID: 32271477 DOI: 10.1111/and.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicocele is the most common correctable cause for male infertility, but not all men with varicocele are affected equally by this condition. The pathophysiology of varicocele-induced fertility remains ill-defined. While evidence suggests that oxidative stress remains a central factor, other mechanisms likely include scrotal hyperthermia, reflux of metabolites, hypoxia and cadmium accumulation. Microsurgical varicocelectomy remains the gold standard treatment option for infertile men with a clinically palpable varicocele and abnormal semen parameters. Newer evidence suggests a potential role for antioxidant supplementation and a meaningful role of varicocelectomy for patients destined for ART to improve pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny S Su
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas J Farber
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah C Vij
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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17
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Xia YQ, Ning JZ, Cheng F, Yu WM, Rao T, Ruan Y, Yuan R, Du Y. GYY4137 a H 2S donor, attenuates ipsilateral epididymis injury in experimentally varicocele-induced rats via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:729-735. [PMID: 32373293 PMCID: PMC7196355 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.30588.7372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of morpholin-4-ium 4 methoxyphenyl (morpholino) phosphinodithioate (GYY4137) on ipsilateral epididymis injury in a rat model of experimental varicocele (VC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sham, sham plus GYY4137, VC and VC plus GYY4137 groups. Sperm quality parameters, including sperm count, motility and viability were evaluated after 4 weeks. Histological changes were measured by hematoxylin and eosin staining between the groups. The oxidative stress levels were estimated by determining epididymal superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The apoptosis status and the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3'-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt were analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis, western blot and RT-qPCR. RESULTS VC resulted in the decrease of sperm parameters, significant histological damage and higher levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Compared to the VC group, GYY4137 markedly ameliorated these observed changes. In addition, treatment with GYY4137 obviously reduced the levels of caspase-3 and Bax and increased the levels of the phosphorylation of PI3K p85 and Akt. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that GYY4137 may alleviate the sperm damage and epididymis injury in experimentally VC-induced rats by activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Xia
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Zhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Run Yuan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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18
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Yang C, Xu L, Cui Y, Wu B, Liao Z. Potent humanin analogue (HNG) protects human sperm from freeze-thaw-induced damage. Cryobiology 2019; 88:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Zhang Q, Liang J, He T, Huang Z, Liu Q, Zhang X, Shen S, Li G, Song W. Relationship between varicocele and platelet indices: changes of mean platelet volume before and after operation. Andrology 2019; 7:846-851. [PMID: 30969016 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Q.‐F. Zhang
- Department of Andrology Guilin People's Hospital Guilin China
| | - J.‐H. Liang
- Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - T.‐H. He
- Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Z.‐X. Huang
- Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Q.‐L. Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University Guilin China
| | - X. Zhang
- Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - S.‐L. Shen
- Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - G.‐Y. Li
- Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - W.‐R. Song
- Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
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20
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Yan S, Shabbir M, Yap T, Homa S, Ramsay J, McEleny K, Minhas S. Should the current guidelines for the treatment of varicoceles in infertile men be re-evaluated? HUM FERTIL 2019; 24:78-92. [PMID: 30905210 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2019.1582807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility is a major health burden worldwide. In the United Kingdom, the diagnostic and treatment pathway for male factor fertility is fragmented with wide variance in management and funding protocols. There is now a focus on potential overtreatment of couples with IVF and failure to treat male factors before considering assisted reproductive technology (ART). Despite this, contemporary Urological guidelines are not definitive in the indications for varicocele treatment, whilst the current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines do not advocate surgical intervention. While controversy exists concerning the effects of varicocele treatment on natural pregnancy rates, there is growing evidence that varicocele treatment can have additional positive effects on fertility by reducing their impact on sperm DNA fragmentation and improving ART outcomes. Studies have demonstrated that azoospermic men may become oligospermic following varicocele intervention, obviating the need for surgical sperm retrieval. Sperm retrieval rates also increase following varicocele treatment in men with non-obstructive azoospermia. The contemporary literature demonstrates a clear clinical benefit for treating varicoceles in infertile men, which may be more cost-effective than proceeding to immediate ART. This review comprehensively evaluates the current indications for varicocele treatment, and it is proposed that these should be redefined in contemporary guidelines to reflect current advances in male fertility research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Yan
- The Urology Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maj Shabbir
- The Urology Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tet Yap
- The Urology Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sheryl Homa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Jonathan Ramsay
- Department of Men's Health and Andrology, Imperial College Healthcare, London, UK
| | - Kevin McEleny
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Men's Health and Andrology, Imperial College Healthcare, London, UK
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21
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Panner Selvam MK, Agarwal A. Proteomic Profiling of Seminal Plasma Proteins in Varicocele Patients. World J Mens Health 2019; 39:90-98. [PMID: 30929325 PMCID: PMC7752508 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.180118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Seminal plasma provides a nutritive and protective milieu for spermatozoa. It contains factors/proteins required for sperm maturation, hyperactivation, capacitation and acrosome reaction. Alteration in the expression levels of seminal plasma proteins affect the fertilization process. The main objective of this study is to compare the seminal plasma proteome of healthy fertile men (control group) with varicocele patients in order to identify the differentially expressed seminal plasma proteins. Materials and Methods Pooled seminal plasma samples from control (n=5) and varicocele (unilateral: n=5 and bilateral: n=5) subjects were used for proteomic profiling and functional bioinformatic analysis. Key differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with binding of zona pellucida (acrosin; ACR), protein folding (heat shock related 70 kDa protein 2; HSPA2), oxidative stress (peroxiredoxin 2; PRDX2), lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation (apolipoprotein A2; APOA2) were validated by Western blot. Statistical analysis was conducted using Mann-Whitney test. Results A total of 412 and 486 proteins were detected in seminal plasma of control group and varicocele patients respectively. Twenty-eight proteins were identified as DEPs between varicocele and control group. Validation of DEPs revealed downregulation of HSPA2 (p=0.0037) as well as APOA2 (p=0.0373), and upregulation of PRDX2 (p=0.0474). Conclusions The seminal plasma protein profile of varicocele patients differ from healthy fertile men. Aberrant expression of seminal plasma proteins serve as an indicator of sperm pathology in varicocele patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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22
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Zhang MH, Zhai LP, Fang ZY, Li AN, Xiao W, Qiu Y. Effect of scrotal heating on sperm quality, seminal biochemical substances, and reproductive hormones in human fertile men. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:10228-10238. [PMID: 30171730 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
At present, male contraceptive methods are only vasectomy and condoms, so it is necessary to research on male contraceptive techniques. The aim of this study is to observe the effects of scrotal heating (SH) on semen parameters, seminal l-carnitine (LC), epidermal growth factor (EGF), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), reproductive hormones and sperm chromosome numbers of adult healthy men, and to provide the experimental data for male contraception. The scrotums of 30 healthy male volunteers were exposed to the condition of 40 to 43°C SH belt warming 40 minutes each day for successive 2 days per week. The course of SH was continuous for 3 months. Computer-assisted semen analysis and hypo-osmotic swelling test, sperm DNA integrity, l-carnitine, MIF and EGF, and sperm fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed before, during, and after SH. The serum level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. The mean parameters of sperm concentration, vitality, and normal morphological sperm were significantly decreased in groups with sperms being collected during 1, 2, and 3 months of SH when compared with those in groups of pre-SH (P < 0.01). Statistically significant differences of sperm DNA fragmentation, normal sperm membrane functionality, levels of LC and MIF in semen, and LH, FSH, and T in serum were observed between the groups of before SH and after SH 3 months and the groups of during SH 1, 2, and 3 months (P < 0.001). The total rate of chromosome number for 13, 18, 21, X, and Y in the 3 months of SH was 13.7-fold greater (13.72%/1.69%) than before SH (P < 0.001). The constant SH can impact the semen quality, sperm DNA integrity, sperm chromosome, LC and MIF, and LH, FSH, and T in serum. Transient SH may be a new method for male contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Family Planning Institute of Science and Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Institute of Control of Endemic Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen-Ya Fang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Family Planning Institute of Science and Technology, Jinan, China
| | - An-Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Family Planning Institute of Science and Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Family Planning Institute of Science and Technology, Jinan, China
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23
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Oliva A, Multigner L. Chronic epididymitis and Grade III varicocele and their associations with semen characteristics in men consulting for couple infertility. Asian J Androl 2018; 20:360-365. [PMID: 29516876 PMCID: PMC6038156 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_78_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic epididymitis and varicocele are frequently observed genital disorders in men consulting for couple infertility, but their impact on semen characteristics at the time of infertility consultation is still a matter of debate. We investigated 652 male partners of couples who had their first infertility consultation between 1999 and 2015 in Argentina. Men with chronic epididymitis (n = 253), Grade III varicocele (n = 106), and both conditions (n = 125) were compared with a control group (n = 168) composed of men without these disorders or any other recognized causes of male infertility. We showed that men who presented isolated chronic epididymitis were more likely to have high percentages of low sperm motility and abnormal sperm morphology as well as a high number of white blood cells. Men with isolated Grade III varicocele had low sperm production and motility and an increased percentage of abnormal sperm morphology. Finally, men who simultaneously presented chronic epididymitis with Grade III varicocele had a low sperm motility and increased percentage of abnormal sperm morphology as well as a high number of white blood cells. Physical examination of the genital organs may identify common disorders, potentially involved as causal factors of patient's infertility. These disorders are associated with specific seminal profiles that should help in identifying the best treatment from the available therapeutic options, effectiveness, safety, and allowing as much as possible natural conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Oliva
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Rosario, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Luc Multigner
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, Rennes F-35000, France
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24
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25
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Qiu Z, Chu Q, Zhang W, Luo C, Quan S. Level of neutral alpha-1,4-glucosidase in seminal plasma of Chinese men. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 29282757 DOI: 10.1111/and.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Center for Reproductive Medicine; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Q. Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Center for Reproductive Medicine; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - W. Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Center for Reproductive Medicine; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - C. Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Center for Reproductive Medicine; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - S. Quan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Center for Reproductive Medicine; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
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26
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Agarwal A, Sharma R, Samanta L, Durairajanayagam D, Sabanegh E. Proteomic signatures of infertile men with clinical varicocele and their validation studies reveal mitochondrial dysfunction leading to infertility. Asian J Androl 2016; 18:282-91. [PMID: 26732106 PMCID: PMC4770500 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.170445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the major differences in the distribution of spermatozoa proteins in infertile men with varicocele by comparative proteomics and validation of their level of expression. The study-specific estimates for each varicocele outcome were combined to identify the proteins involved in varicocele-associated infertility in men irrespective of stage and laterality of their clinical varicocele. Expression levels of 5 key proteins (PKAR1A, AK7, CCT6B, HSPA2, and ODF2) involved in stress response and sperm function including molecular chaperones were validated by Western blotting. Ninety-nine proteins were differentially expressed in the varicocele group. Over 87% of the DEP involved in major energy metabolism and key sperm functions were underexpressed in the varicocele group. Key protein functions affected in the varicocele group were spermatogenesis, sperm motility, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which were further validated by Western blotting, corroborating the proteomics analysis. Varicocele is essentially a state of energy deprivation, hypoxia, and hyperthermia due to impaired blood supply, which is corroborated by down-regulation of lipid metabolism, mitochondrial electron transport chain, and Krebs cycle enzymes. To corroborate the proteomic analysis, expression of the 5 identified proteins of interest was validated by Western blotting. This study contributes toward establishing a biomarker “fingerprint” to assess sperm quality on the basis of molecular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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27
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Agarwal A, Sharma R, Harlev A, Esteves SC. Effect of varicocele on semen characteristics according to the new 2010 World Health Organization criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Androl 2016; 18:163-70. [PMID: 26780872 PMCID: PMC4770480 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.172638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of varicocele on semen parameters in infertile men based on the new 2010 World Health Organization laboratory manual for the examination of human semen. Semen analysis results (volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology) were the primary outcomes. An electronic search to collect the data was conducted using the Medline/PubMed, SJU discover, and Google Scholar databases. We searched articles published from 2010 to August 2015, i.e., after the publication of the 2010 WHO manual. We included only those studies that reported the actual semen parameters of adult infertile men diagnosed with clinical varicocele and contained a control group of either fertile men or normozoospermic men who were not diagnosed with varicocele. Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1232 men. Varicocele was associated with reduced sperm count (mean difference: −44.48 × 106 ml−1; 95% CI: −61.45, −27.51 × 106 ml−1; P < 0.001), motility (mean difference: −26.67%; 95% CI: −34.27, −19.08; P < 0.001), and morphology (mean difference: −19.68%; 95% CI: −29.28, −10.07; P < 0.001) but not semen volume (mean difference: −0.23 ml; 95% CI: −0.64, 0.17). Subgroup analyses indicated that the magnitude of effect was influenced by control subtype but not WHO laboratory manual edition used for semen assessment. We conclude that varicocele is a significant risk factor that negatively affects semen quality, but the observed pooled effect size on semen parameters does not seem to be affected by the WHO laboratory manual edition. Given most of the studies published after 2010 still utilized the 1999 manual for semen analysis, further research is required to fully understand the clinical implication of the 2010 WHO laboratory manual on the association between varicocele and semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, X-11, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Kotońska-Feiga J, Dobicki W, Pokorny P, Nowacki W. The Activity of Neutral α-Glucosidase and Selected Biochemical Parameters in the Annual Cycle of Breeding Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142227. [PMID: 26559406 PMCID: PMC4641633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to demonstrate seasonal changes in the hydrolytic and transferase activity of neutral α-glucosidase, the level of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and total protein in the annual breeding cycle of the carp. The study was conducted on fish from a fish farm in Lower Silesia (Poland). Blood serum was collected from the heart in: June, September and December of two consecutive years. The results of the study show that the hydrolytic and transferase activity of neutral α-glucosidase, as well as the results of basic biochemical parameters are highest in summer, when the fish seek and intake food intensively. The lowest values were observed in spring, when carp have the lowest metabolism after the wintering period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kotońska-Feiga
- Department of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Wrocław, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Wojciech Dobicki
- Department of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Przemysław Pokorny
- Department of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nowacki
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wrocxaw University of Environmental and Life Science, Wrocław, Poland
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Rao M, Zhao XL, Yang J, Hu SF, Lei H, Xia W, Zhu CH. Effect of transient scrotal hyperthermia on sperm parameters, seminal plasma biochemical markers, and oxidative stress in men. Asian J Androl 2015; 17:668-75. [PMID: 25652627 PMCID: PMC4492061 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.146967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this experimental prospective study, we aimed to analyze the effect of transient scrotal hyperthermia on the male reproductive organs, from the perspective of sperm parameters, semen plasma biochemical markers, and oxidative stress, to evaluate whether different frequencies of heat exposure cause different degrees of damage to spermatogenesis. Two groups of volunteers (10 per group) received testicular warming in a 43°C water bath 10 times, for 30 min each time: group 1: 10 consecutive days; group 2: once every 3 days. Sperm parameters, epididymis and accessory sex gland function, semen plasma oxidative stress and serum sex hormones were tested before treatment and in the 16-week recovery period after treatment. At last, we found an obvious reversible decrease in sperm concentration (P = 0.005 for Group 1 and P= 0.008 for Group 2 when the minimums were compared with baseline levels, the same below), motility (P = 0.009 and 0.021, respectively), the hypoosmotic swelling test score (P = 0.007 and 0.008, respectively), total acrosin activity (P = 0.018 and 0.009, respectively), and an increase in the seminal plasma malondialdehyde concentration (P = 0.005 and 0.017, respectively). The decrease of sperm concentration was greater for Group 2 than for Group 1 (P = 0.031). We concluded that transient scrotal hyperthermia seriously, but reversibly, negatively affected the spermatogenesis, oxidative stress may be involved in this process. In addition, intermittent heat exposure more seriously suppresses the spermatogenesis compared to consecutive heat exposure. This may be indicative for clinical infertility etiology analysis and the design of contraceptive methods based on heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Rao
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhao
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Fu Hu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Lei
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang-Hong Zhu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Fraczek M, Kurpisz M. Cytokines in the male reproductive tract and their role in infertility disorders. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 108:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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