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Wan C, Ma Q, Anderson S, Zhang QH, Zhang CF, Wang AH, Bell E, Hou L, Yuan CS, Wang CZ. Effects of Curcuminoids and Surfactant-Formulated Curcumin on Chemo-Resistant Colorectal Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1577-1594. [PMID: 37465963 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, and chronic gut inflammation is a risk factor for CRC initiation and development. Curcuma longa L., or turmeric, has become one of the most studied herbal medicines in recent years due to its anticancer potentials. It is generally accepted that the major component in turmeric is curcuminoids, and the active constituent in curcuminoids is curcumin. However, unprocessed curcumin is characterized by poor water solubility, which means low bioavailability in humans. To increase the bioavailability of curcumin, in this study, we utilized a novel surfactant-formulated curcumin (CuminUP60[Formula: see text]) and evaluated its CRC chemopreventive activities. Compared with the chemo-sensitive CRC cell line HCT-116, the management of the CRC SW-480 cell line is a challenge, since the latter is chemo-resistant. In other words, these cancer cells resist the effects of the chemotherapy. Using the newly formulated CuminUP60[Formula: see text] water solution, this study demonstrated its strong antiproliferative effects on the SW-480 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This new formulation induced early apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase via the upregulation of cyclin B1. We also observed that this new formulation possessed inhibitory effects on Th17 cell differentiation, which regulates the body's immune response against gut malignancies. In summary, our results exhibited a potential clinical utility of the surfactant-formulated curcumin in chemo-resistant colorectal cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Wan
- Central Laboratory, No. 1, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, P. R. China
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qinge Ma
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
| | - Samantha Anderson
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qi-Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - Angela H Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Emma Bell
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lifei Hou
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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2
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Gasmi A, Bjørklund G, Noor S, Semenova Y, Dosa A, Pen JJ, Menzel A, Piscopo S, Wirth N, Costea DO. Nutritional and surgical aspects in prostate disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35021909 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2013158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Prostate disorders are commonplace in medicine, especially in older men, with prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer being the most abundant pathologies. The complexity of this organ, however, turns treatment into a challenge. In this review, we aim to provide insight into the efficacy of alternative treatments, which are not normally used in conventional medicine, with a particular focus on nutrients. In order to understand why and how nutrition can be beneficial in diseases of the prostate, we give an overview of the known characteristics and features of this organ. Then, we provide a summary of the most prevalent prostate illnesses. Finally, we propose nutrition-based treatment in each of these prostate problems, based on in-depth research concerning its effects in this context, with an emphasis on surgery. Overall, we plead for an upgrade of this form of alternative treatment to a fully recognized mode of therapy for the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Sadaf Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology, ENT, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan.,CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandru Dosa
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Joeri J Pen
- Diabetes Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Nutrition, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Salva Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
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3
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Fahmy HA, Farag MA. Ongoing and potential novel trends of pomegranate fruit peel; a comprehensive review of its health benefits and future perspectives as nutraceutical. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14024. [PMID: 34923641 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate is an ancient shrub, globally distributed nowadays. It has been used in the middle east as a medicinal food and traditional medicine for thousands of years. Pomegranate peel (PP) constitutes about 50% of the total fruit, however, it has been previously regarded as a waste. Recent research points to PP as a rich source of phenolics (e.g., ellagitannins, flavonoids, and anthocyanins), polysaccharides, in addition to its biotransformed metabolites viz. urolithins making it a valuable waste with promising pharmacological actions. Compared to the pulp and the juice, PP exhibited stronger antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Besides, it inhibited inflammation in several conditions, including colitis, arthritis, hepatitis, contact dermatitis, and lung inflammation. Moreover, it displayed anti-osteoporosis, anti-hyperglycemic, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, vasculoprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. Additionally, it was effective as a prebiotic and in obesity control, besides it promoted wound healing. Furthermore, PP demonstrated anticancer effects against different cancer types, for example, colon, liver, thyroid, uterine, breast, bladder, prostate, leukemia, and osteosarcoma. Despite PP safety, it may interfere with the metabolism of other drugs because it inhibits cytochromes (CYP) changing their bioavailability, effectiveness, and toxicity. PP biowaste valorization not only avoids against its environmental and economic burden but can also provide a promising platform to produce novel or improved nutraceuticals. This study provides a comprehensive overview of PP biological activities with the reported action mechanisms related to its phytochemicals and further biotransformed metabolites inside the body. Future research prospects to unravel the merits of such waste and optimize its use are discussed. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Pomegranate is widely distributed throughout the world. Although its peel was previously considered a waste, recent research regards it as a rich source of bioactive compounds with promising biological activities. Its recycling not only overcomes the bio-waste problems, but also provides a source of valuable compounds with several health benefits. In recent years, PP has been demonstrated to exhibit excellent pharmacological bioactivities, for example, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiosteoporosis, antihyperlipidemic, and anticancer activities. Its health-promoting power is mostly attributed to the phenolic and polysaccharide content, in addition to its amazing biotransformed metabolites. The underlying action mechanisms of such pharmacological activities are discussed and related to its chemical content. This review presents the latest research progress on the role of PP in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases, and its protective health effects for future research to be used in nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology & Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Fallah M, Davoodvandi A, Nikmanzar S, Aghili S, Mirazimi SMA, Aschner M, Rashidian A, Hamblin MR, Chamanara M, Naghsh N, Mirzaei H. Silymarin (milk thistle extract) as a therapeutic agent in gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112024. [PMID: 34399200 PMCID: PMC8458260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silymarin contains a group of closely-related flavonolignan compounds including silibinin, and is extracted from Silybum marianum species, also called milk thistle. Silymarin has been shown to protect the liver in both experimental models and clinical studies. The chemopreventive activity of silymarin has shown some efficacy against cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Silymarin can modulate apoptosis in vitro and survival in vivo, by interfering with the expression of cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-associated proteins. In addition to its anti-metastatic activity, silymarin has also been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. The chemoprotective effects of silymarin and silibinin (its major constituent) suggest they could be applied to reduce the side effects and increase the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in various cancer types, especially in gastrointestinal cancers. This review examines the recent studies and summarizes the mechanistic pathways and down-stream targets of silymarin in the therapy of gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fallah
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Nikmanzar
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarehnaz Aghili
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10463, USA
| | - Amir Rashidian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Toxicology Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Navid Naghsh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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5
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Bosland MC, Schmoll J, Watanabe H, Randolph C, Kato I. Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Six-Month Intervention Study of Soy Protein Isolate in Men with Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy: A Pilot Study. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:555-564. [PMID: 33764851 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1903949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence to suggest that soy may be beneficial for prostate cancer patients, but few randomized trials have addressed this. We examined the effect of 6-8 mo soy protein supplementation on prostate specific antigen (PSA) serum levels in men who recurred (PSA > 0.1 ng/ml) within three years of prostatectomy. Sixteen men were randomized to 20 g soy protein (∼24-26/day genistein; ∼40-43/day total isoflavones) or casein placebo. PSA was measured at base line and at 1, 2, 4, and 6-8 mo. Serum genistein levels greatly increased from baseline and cholesterol decreased in the soy group. In both treatment arms PSA increased similarly and PSA doubling times were not different over the 6-8 mo study duration. Two subjects in each group had stable PSA. A literature search for clinical studies of soy, isoflavones, and PSA revealed that supplementation with soy or isoflavones did not affect PSA in virtually all clinical studies identified. Although this study is too small to draw a definitive conclusion on the effect of soy protein on PSA in men with biochemical failure, the null finding in this study is consistent with the results of virtually all reports of soy and soy isoflavones in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten C Bosland
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joanne Schmoll
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hiroko Watanabe
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carla Randolph
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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6
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Grammatikopoulou MG, Gkiouras K, Papageorgiou SΤ, Myrogiannis I, Mykoniatis I, Papamitsou T, Bogdanos DP, Goulis DG. Dietary Factors and Supplements Influencing Prostate Specific-Antigen (PSA) Concentrations in Men with Prostate Cancer and Increased Cancer Risk: An Evidence Analysis Review Based on Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102985. [PMID: 33003518 PMCID: PMC7600271 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for dietary patterns and supplements efficient in down-regulating prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations among men with prostate cancer (PCa) or increased PCa risk has been long. Several antioxidants, including lycopene, selenium, curcumin, coenzyme Q10, phytoestrogens (including isoflavones and flavonoids), green tea catechins, cernitin, vitamins (C, E, D) and multivitamins, medicinal mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum), fruit extracts (saw palmetto, cranberries, pomegranate), walnuts and fatty acids, as well as combined supplementations of all, have been examined in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in humans, on the primary, secondary, and tertiary PCa prevention level. Despite the plethora of trials and the variety of examined interventions, the evidence supporting the efficacy of most dietary factors appears inadequate to recommend their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41334 Larissa, Greece; (M.G.G.); (D.P.B.)
| | - Konstantinos Gkiouras
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41334 Larissa, Greece; (M.G.G.); (D.P.B.)
- Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.Τ.P.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (D.G.G.)
| | - Stefanos Τ. Papageorgiou
- Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.Τ.P.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioannis Myrogiannis
- Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.Τ.P.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioannis Mykoniatis
- Institute for the Study of Urological Diseases (ISUD), 33 Nikis Avenue, GR-54622 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- 1st Department of Urology and Center for Sexual and Reproductive Health, G. Gennimatas—Aghios Demetrius General Hospital, 41 Ethnikis Amynis Street, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54635 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41334 Larissa, Greece; (M.G.G.); (D.P.B.)
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King’s College London Medical School, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Dimitrios G. Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (D.G.G.)
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7
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Lee SM, Choi HC, Hyun MK. An Overview of Systematic Reviews: Complementary Therapies for Cancer Patients. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 18:1534735419890029. [PMID: 31876212 PMCID: PMC6933541 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419890029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This article critically examines the systematic
reviews (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) of complementary therapies for cancer
patients to appraise the evidence level, and offers suggestions for future
research and practice. Methods: The Cochrane Library and MEDLINE
were searched from their inception to January 2018, to identify SR and MA of
complementary therapies available for cancer patients. Final selected SR and MA
were methodologically evaluated for their quality by applying the Assessing the
Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) instrument. Data
extraction and risk of quality assessments were performed by 2 independent
reviewers. Results: A total of 104 studies were included in the
analysis. The majority of the individual clinical trials included in the SR and
MA were performed in China (48%) and the United States (26.9%). Breast cancer
was the most studied cancer type (25%), and acupuncture was the most studied
intervention (21%). Side effects of cancer such as pain, depression, and fatigue
were effectively managed with complementary therapies. The methodologically
problematic items included not listing the excluded studies and lack of protocol
or protocol registration. Conclusions: With increasing interest in
research, complementary therapies appear to be beneficial in reducing side
effects and raising the quality of life of cancer patients. Complementary
therapies have generally been studied for all cancers, with acupuncture being
the most researched, regardless of the cancer type. Since AMSTAR2 is a stricter
assessment tool than before, future studies need to consider the risk of
methodological bias with caution and discuss appropriate overall quality
assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Cheol Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Hyun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
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8
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Fraser GE, Jacobsen BK, Knutsen SF, Mashchak A, Lloren JI. Tomato consumption and intake of lycopene as predictors of the incidence of prostate cancer: the Adventist Health Study-2. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:341-351. [PMID: 32100191 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have controversially suggested that prostate cancer, the most common cancer among Western men, is less common among those with a high intake of tomato products and lycopene. We examine multivariable associations between the intake of tomatoes and lycopene, and risk of prostate cancer. METHODS In a prospective study of 27,934 Adventist men without prevalent cancer, Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to address the objectives. Dietary measurement error was partially corrected with regression calibration. RESULTS 1226 incident cases of prostate cancer, 355 of them aggressive, were identified during 7.9 years of follow-up. Consumption of canned and cooked tomatoes more than four times a week was associated with a HR = 0.72 (95% CI 0.55, 0.94, P = 0.02) comparing to risk in those never consuming this food. Treating this as a continuous variable, adjusting for confounders, produces a similar result, HR = 0.86 (95% CI 0.75, 0.99), comparing 64 g/day with zero intakes (questionnaire data). Regression calibration, although less precise, suggests a yet stronger and statistically significant inverse relationship, comparing a 24-h dietary recall intake of 71 g/day canned and cooked tomato product, with zero intake. Uncalibrated multivariable-adjusted competing risk analyses do not find differences in tomato associations between aggressive and non-aggressive prostate cancers although power for aggressive cancers is limited. CONCLUSION Consumption of canned and cooked tomatoes may reduce the risk of prostate cancer. These products contain more available lycopene. However, an observational study cannot exclude confounding by some unidentified, prostate cancer preventive factor. Clinical Trial Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03615599.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Fraser
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Dr., NH 2033, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
| | - Bjarne K Jacobsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Synnøve F Knutsen
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Dr., NH 2033, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Andrew Mashchak
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Dr., NH 2033, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jan I Lloren
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Dr., NH 2033, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
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9
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Trivedi J, Alam A, Joshi S, Kumar TP, Chippala V, Mainkar PS, Chandrasekhar S, Chattopadhyay S, Mitra D. A novel isothiocyanate derivative inhibits HIV-1 gene expression and replication by modulating the nuclear matrix associated protein SMAR1. Antiviral Res 2019; 173:104648. [PMID: 31706900 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The essential role of SMAR1 in HIV-1 transcription and LTR driven gene expression suggests SMAR1 as an HIV dependency factor (HDF) and a potential anti-HIV therapeutic target. Here, we report for the first time, anti-HIV activity of 8 novel isothiocyanate (ITC) derivatives that differentially stabilise SMAR1. Out of 8 novel ITC derivatives, SCS-OCL-381 was observed to inhibit HIV-1 replication most significantly at the noncytotoxic concentration in reporter T-cell line, CEM-GFP. Further, the highly conserved anti-HIV activity of SCS-OCL-381 is a cell type, virus isolate and viral load independent phenomena and is approximately 3 fold more effective than the representative ITC, Sulforaphane (SFN). Further, SCS-OCL-381 does not hamper the activity of viral enzymes reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease. Mechanistically, SCS-OCL-381 stabilises SMAR1 which, otherwise undergoes proteasomal degradation upon HIV-1 infection in T-cells. This stabilisation results in the recruitment of repressor complex on HIV-1 LTR resulting in repression of LTR mediated transcription and gene expression. These inhibitory consequences were further confirmed by reporter based LTR activity assays in different cell lines. Taken together, these findings highlight the anti-HIV potential of novel ITC derivatives by the stabilisation of SMAR1 and strongly support further in vivo characterisation and potential translational applications of SCS-OCL-381.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Trivedi
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India.
| | - Aftab Alam
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India.
| | - Shruti Joshi
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India.
| | | | | | - Prathama S Mainkar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India.
| | | | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India.
| | - Debashis Mitra
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India; Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Uppal, Hyderabad, India.
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10
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Lu CH, Ou YC, Huang LH, Weng WC, Chang YK, Chen HL, Hsu CY, Tung MC. Early Dutasteride Monotherapy in Patients With Elevated Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels Following Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:691. [PMID: 31428576 PMCID: PMC6687841 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the efficacy of early dutasteride administration in patients with a detectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed RARP patients whose pathological stage is T2a to T3b without lymph node or distant metastasis from 2007 to 2017. All patients received a daily dose of 0.5 mg of dutasteride when post-RARP PSA levels were increasing but had not achieved biochemical recurrence. PSA levels were monitored every 3 months after dutasteride administration. None of the patients received radiotherapy (RT) or androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) before taking dutasteride. All follow-ups were begun from RARP to January 2019 or to the date of RT/ADT. Results: Thirty-five patients were included in this analysis. The median followed up was 53.6 months. Twenty-two patients (62.9%) showed a PSA response in which the PSA decreased more than 10% at the first follow-up after dutasteride administration. The Pathological stage > T2 (p = 0.012) and positive surgical margin (p = 0.046) were prognostic factors for a PSA response. Twenty-three out of 35 included patients (65.7%) did not require further RT/ADT. The significant risk factor was the PSA level (p = 0.011) at the beginning of dutasteride treatment. The cut-off value of the PSA level to avoid further RT/ADT was 0.195 ng/ml. Conclusions: Early dutasteride administration showed a significant decline in the PSA levels of patients with pathology stage >T2 and positive surgical margin in our retrospective hypothesis-generating study. If dutasteride was provided before the PSA value increased to 0.195 ng/ml after RARP, it would reduce the probability of acquirement of RT/ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Heng Lu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chuan Ou
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Weng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kang Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lin Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Hsu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Che Tung
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Grabowska M, Wawrzyniak D, Rolle K, Chomczyński P, Oziewicz S, Jurga S, Barciszewski J. Let food be your medicine: nutraceutical properties of lycopene. Food Funct 2019; 10:3090-3102. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00580c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight research and clinical trials involving lycopene and its impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Grabowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences
- 61-704 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Dariusz Wawrzyniak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences
- 61-704 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rolle
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences
- 61-704 Poznan
- Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technology
- Adam Mickiewicz University
| | | | | | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Jan Barciszewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences
- 61-704 Poznan
- Poland
- NanoBioMedical Centre
- Adam Mickiewicz University
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12
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Sivoňová MK, Kaplán P, Tatarková Z, Lichardusová L, Dušenka R, Jurečeková J. Androgen receptor and soy isoflavones in prostate cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 10:191-204. [PMID: 30680195 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens and androgen receptor (AR) play a critical role not only in normal prostate development, but also in prostate cancer. For that reason, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary treatment for prostate cancer. However, the majority of patients develop castration-resistant prostate cancer, which eventually leads to mortality. Novel therapeutic approaches, including dietary changes, have been explored. Soy isoflavones have become a focus of interest because of their positive health benefits on numerous diseases, particularly hormone-related cancers, including prostate and breast cancers. An important strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of prostate cancer might thus be the action of soy isoflavones on the AR signaling pathway. The current review article provides a detailed overview of the anticancer potential of soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein and glycitein), as mediated by their effect on AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kmetová Sivoňová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kaplán
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.,Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Tatarková
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Lichardusová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Dušenka
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and UHM in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jurečeková
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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13
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Quality of Health Information on the Internet for Prostate Cancer. Adv Urol 2018; 2018:6705152. [PMID: 30627152 PMCID: PMC6305048 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6705152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To compare (1) the quality of prostate cancer health information on the Internet, (2) the difference in quality between websites appearing earlier or later in the search, and (3) the sources of sponsorship for each of these websites. Materials and methods The top 150 listed websites on the Google search engine for each of the 11 search terms related to prostate cancer were analysed. Quality was assessed on whether the website conforms to the principles of the Health On the Net Foundation. Each of these websites was then reviewed to determine the main source of sponsorship. Statistical analysis was performed to determine if the proportion of HON accreditation varied among the different cohorts of listed websites and among the 11 search terms used. Results In total, 1650 websites were analysed. Among these, 10.5% websites were HON-accredited. The proportion of HON-accredited websites for individual search terms ranged from 3.3% to 19.3%. In comparison with the search term of "Prostate cancer," four search terms had statistically significant odds ratio of the rate of HON accreditation. Websites 51-150 were statistically less likely to have HON accreditation than websites 1-50. The top three website sponsors were journal/universities (28.8%), commercial (28.1%), and physician/surgeon (26.9%). Conclusions The lack of validated and unbiased websites for prostate cancer is concerning especially with increasing use of the Internet for health information. Websites sponsored or managed by the government and national departments were most likely to provide impartial health information for prostate cancer. We need to help our patients identify valid and unbiased online health resources.
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14
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Petyaev IM, Dovgalevsky PY, Klochkov VA, Chalyk NE, Pristensky DV, Chernyshova MP, Udumyan R, Kocharyan T, Kyle NH, Lozbiakova MV, Bashmakov YK. Effect of lycopene supplementation on cardiovascular parameters and markers of inflammation and oxidation in patients with coronary vascular disease. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:1770-1777. [PMID: 30258622 PMCID: PMC6145244 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and antioxidant deficiency play a pivotal role in initiation, development, and outcomes of cardiovascular disease. Pharmacokinetic parameters as well as the impact of highly bioavailable lycopene on cardiovascular variables, markers of inflammation and oxidation were investigated during a 30-day clinical trial in patients with coronary vascular disease. The patients were randomized into two major groups and were supplemented with a single 7 mg daily dose of lycopene ingested either in the form of lactolycopene (68 patients) or in the form of lycosome-formulated GA lycopene (74 patients). The endpoints included cardiovascular function parameters, serum lipids, and four markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Ingestion of lycosome-formulated lycopene increased serum lycopene levels by 2.9- and 4.3-fold, respectively, after 2 and 4 weeks of the trial, whereas supplementation with lactolycopene upregulated serum lycopene by half-fold only after 4 weeks of ingestion. Lycosome formulation of lycopene resulted by the end of the trial in a threefold reduction in Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG and reduction to the same degree of the inflammatory oxidative damage marker. The decrease in oxidized LDL caused by lycosome-formulated lycopene was fivefold. Moreover, supplementation with lycosome-formulated lycopene was accompanied by a significant increase in tissue oxygenation and flow-mediated dilation by the end of the observational period. In contrast, lactolycopene did not cause any significant changes in the parameters studied. Therefore, enhanced bioavailability of lycopene promotes its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions and endorses a positive effect of lycopene on cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruzan Udumyan
- Orebro University Hospital and School of Health and Medical SciencesOrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Taron Kocharyan
- Orebro University Hospital and School of Health and Medical SciencesOrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
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Butt G, Romero MA, Tahir F, Farooqi AA. Emerging themes of regulation of oncogenic proteins by Solanum nigrum and its bioactive molecules in different cancers. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9640-9644. [PMID: 30076759 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Research over the decades has sequentially and systematically provided a near-complete resolution of multifaceted and therapeutically challenging nature of cancer. Drug discovery from plants has enjoyed a renaissance in the past few years. Natural products have provided many of the lead structures, which are currently being used as templates for the design and synthesis of novel compounds with biologically enhanced properties. With the maturity and diversification of technologies, there is a growing need to design high-throughput functional assays for the evaluation of the myriad of compounds being catalogued. This review sheds light on the tumor suppressive properties of Solanum nigrum and its bioactive ingredients. Several worthy of mention include uttroside B, solanine, solamargine, and physalins, which have been tested for efficacy in cancer cell lines and xenografted mice. We have summarized the most recent findings related to S. nigrum-mediated regulation of intracellular protein network in different cancers. α-Solanine, an active component of S. nigrum, is involved in the regulation of microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) (oncogenic) and miRNA-138 (tumor suppressor) in prostate cancer. However, this is the only available evidence that gives us a clue related to the tumor suppressive effects exerted by components of S. nigrum at a posttranscriptional level. More interestingly, S. nigrum and its components exerted inhibitory effects on different pathways including PI3K/AKT, JAK-STAT, VEGF/VEGFR, and matrix metalloproteinases in different cancers. We also provide an overview of new tools, methodologies, and approaches, which will allow researchers to extract as much information as possible out of the tremendous data sets currently being generated. The use of computational tools will be helpful in processing structurally complex natural products and also in prediction of their macromolecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirna Azalea Romero
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Guerrero, México
| | | | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zhang Y, Ge Y, Ping X, Yu M, Lou D, Shi W. Synergistic apoptotic effects of silibinin in enhancing paclitaxel toxicity in human gastric cancer cell lines. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1835-1841. [PMID: 29901126 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the 3rd leading cause of tumor‑associated mortality worldwide. The efficacy of paclitaxel, a frequently used GC chemotherapeutic agent, is hindered due to drug resistance, dose‑induced toxicity and adverse side effects. Silibinin, an active compound of a widely consumed dietary supplement, milk thistle extract, has recently been demonstrated to have strong antitumor efficacy in a human GC cell model. Thus, to enhance the efficacy of GC treatment, the present study evaluated whether silibinin exerted a synergistic therapeutic effect with paclitaxel. It was observed that the combination of silibinin‑paclitaxel was able to trigger cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The cell cycle arrest assay indicated that silibinin and paclitaxel alone induced a G2/M phase arrest, and the silibinin‑paclitaxel combination strongly inhibited G2/M cells from entering the S phase. The apoptosis assay and western blot analysis of poly‑ADP‑ribose polymerase, pro‑caspase 3 and pro‑caspase 8 demonstrated that silibinin synergized with paclitaxel in promoting SGC‑7901 GC cell apoptosis. Furthermore, upregulation of the ratio of apoptosis regulator Bcl‑2/apoptosis regulator BAX and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (Fas)/Fas ligand indicated that the silibinin‑paclitaxel combination activated the death receptor‑mediated pathway in SGC‑7901 cells. The results of the present study suggested that silibinin enhanced the therapeutic potential of paclitaxel against human GC SGC‑7901 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City, Jilin 132022, P.R. China
| | - Yakun Ge
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City, Jilin 132022, P.R. China
| | - Xie Ping
- Jilin Entry‑Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City, Jilin 132022, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Lou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City, Jilin 132022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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17
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Targeting of stress response pathways in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:583-602. [PMID: 29339119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of tumor tissue are not only genetic aberrations but also the presence of metabolic and oxidative stress as a result of hypoxia and lactic acidosis. The stress activates several prosurvival pathways including metabolic remodeling, autophagy, antioxidant response, mitohormesis, and glutaminolysis, whose upregulation in tumors is associated with a poor survival of patients, while their activation in healthy tissue with statins, metformin, physical activity, and natural compounds prevents carcinogenesis. This review emphasizes the dual role of stress response pathways in cancer and suggests the integrative understanding as a basis for the development of rational therapy targeting the stress response.
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19
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Groden SR, Woodward AT, Chatters LM, Taylor RJ. Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Older Adults: Differences between Baby Boomers and Pre-Boomers. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 25:1393-1401. [PMID: 28958866 PMCID: PMC5694360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) across age cohorts. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys. PARTICIPANTS Adults born in 1964 or earlier (N = 11,371). Over half (61.3%) are baby boomers and 53% are female. Seventy-five percent of the sample is white, 10.2% African American, 0.6% black Caribbean, 9.35% Latino, and 4.1% Asian. MEASUREMENTS The dependent variable is a dichotomous variable indicating use of any CAM. The main predictor of interest is age cohort categorized as pre-boomers (those born in 1945 or earlier) and baby boomers (those born between 1946 and 1964). Covariates include the use of traditional service providers in the past 12 months and 12-month levels of mood, anxiety, and substance disorder. Disorders were assessed with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Logistic regression was used to test the association between use of CAM and age cohort. RESULTS Baby boomers were more likely than pre-boomers to report using CAM for a mental disorder. Among identified CAM users, a higher proportion of baby boomers reported using most individual CAM modalities. Prayer and spiritual practices was the only CAM used by more pre-boomers. CONCLUSIONS Age cohort plays a significant role in shaping individual healthcare behaviors and service use and may influence future trends in the use of CAM for behavioral health. Healthcare providers need to be aware of patient use of CAM and communicate with them about the pros and cons of alternative therapies.
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20
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Costa C, Tsatsakis A, Mamoulakis C, Teodoro M, Briguglio G, Caruso E, Tsoukalas D, Margina D, Dardiotis E, Kouretas D, Fenga C. Current evidence on the effect of dietary polyphenols intake on chronic diseases. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110:286-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Lee SE, Lim C, Ahn SC, Cho S. A Study of the Anti-Cancer Effects of the Hexane Fraction of the Methanol Extract of Forsythiae Fructus. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:719-724. [PMID: 29200739 PMCID: PMC5701417 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.211079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Forsythiae Fructus (FF) is a well-known medicinal herb derived from the dried fruits of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl. (Oleaceae). Recently, bioactive compounds isolated from hydrophobic solvent fractions of FF have been reported to have anti-oxidant, antibacterial, and anti-cancer effects. Objective: Almost all herbal medicines are derived from water extracts, which suggests different extraction methods might enhance the practical efficacies of herbal medicines. In this study, the authors further investigated the most potential anti-cancer fraction, that is, the hexane fraction (FFH) of the methanol extract (FFM) of the dried fruits of Forsythia suspensa. Materials and Methods: FFH was investigated by measuring its effects on the viability and apoptotic death of PC-3 cells (a prostate cancer cell line), on the expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, procaspase-9, procaspase-3 and PARP, and caspase-3 activity. Results: FFH significantly accelerated apoptotic cell death and decreased the protein levels of Bcl-2, procaspase-9, and procaspase-3. Conclusion: FFH can act as a pro-oxidative agent and induce the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. SUMMARY Hexane fraction of the methanol extract of Forsythiae Fructus (FFH) at a concentration more than 50 µg/mL significantly reduced PC-3 cell viability FFH time and dose dependently elevated intracellular ROS levels and increased the proportion of cells arrested in the G0/G1 phase FFH significantly accelerated apoptotic cell death and diminished the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, procaspase-9, and procaspase-3 The protein expression levels of Bax, cytochrome c, and cleaved PARP were increased by FFH, and so was the caspase-3 activity.
Abbreviations used: FF: Forsythiae Fructus; FFM: Methanol extract of Forsythiae Fructus; FFH: Hexane fraction of the methanol extract; DCFH-DA: 2’,7’-dichlorodihydro-fluorescein diacetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Eun Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chiyeon Lim
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Ilsan, Gyounggi-do, Korea
| | - Soon-Cheol Ahn
- College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Suin Cho
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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22
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Olagnier D, Lababidi RR, Hadj SB, Sze A, Liu Y, Naidu SD, Ferrari M, Jiang Y, Chiang C, Beljanski V, Goulet ML, Knatko EV, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hiscott J, Lin R. Activation of Nrf2 Signaling Augments Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Oncolysis via Autophagy-Driven Suppression of Antiviral Immunity. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1900-1916. [PMID: 28527723 PMCID: PMC5542709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) offer a promising therapeutic approach to treat multiple types of cancer. In this study, we show that the manipulation of the antioxidant network via transcription factor Nrf2 augments vesicular stomatitis virus Δ51 (VSVΔ51) replication and sensitizes cancer cells to viral oncolysis. Activation of Nrf2 signaling by the antioxidant compound sulforaphane (SFN) leads to enhanced VSVΔ51 spread in OV-resistant cancer cells and improves the therapeutic outcome in different murine syngeneic and xenograft tumor models. Chemoresistant A549 lung cancer cells that display constitutive dominant hyperactivation of Nrf2 signaling are particularly vulnerable to VSVΔ51 oncolysis. Mechanistically, enhanced Nrf2 signaling stimulated viral replication in cancer cells and disrupted the type I IFN response via increased autophagy. This study reveals a previously unappreciated role for Nrf2 in the regulation of autophagy and the innate antiviral response that complements the therapeutic potential of VSV-directed oncolysis against multiple types of OV-resistant or chemoresistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Olagnier
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Rassin R Lababidi
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Samar Bel Hadj
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Alexandre Sze
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yiliu Liu
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Matteo Ferrari
- Pasteur Laboratory, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Cindy Chiang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Vladimir Beljanski
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Marie-Line Goulet
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Elena V Knatko
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John Hiscott
- Pasteur Laboratory, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Rongtuan Lin
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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van Die MD, Williams SG, Emery J, Bone KM, Taylor JMG, Lusk E, Pirotta MV. A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blinded Randomized Pilot Study of Combination Phytotherapy in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer. Prostate 2017; 77:765-775. [PMID: 28181675 PMCID: PMC5444299 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer following local therapies often use natural supplements in an attempt to delay metastases and/or avoid the need for more aggressive treatments with undesirable side-effects. While there is a growing body of research into phytotherapeutic agents in this cohort, with some promising results, as yet no definitive recommendations can be made. This pilot study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of a fully-powered study to examine the effects of this phytotherapeutic intervention (containing turmeric, resveratrol, green tea and broccoli sprouts) on PSA doubling time in men with biochemical recurrence with a moderate PSA rise rate. METHODS A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel trial was conducted with 22 men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer and a moderate rise rate (PSA doubling time of 4-15 months and no evidence of metastases from conventional imaging methods). Patients were randomized to either the active treatment arm or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary endpoints were feasibility of study recruitment and procedures, and measurement of proposed secondary endpoints (prostate symptoms, quality of life, anxiety, and depression as measured on the EORTC QLQ-C30 and PR-25, the IPSS and HADS). Data were collected to estimate PSA-log slopes and PSA-doubling times, using a mixed model, for both the pre-intervention and post-intervention periods. RESULTS Adherence to study protocol was excellent, and the phytotherapeutic intervention was well-tolerated, with similar numbers of mild-to-moderate adverse events in the active and placebo arms. Both the intervention and data collection methods were acceptable to participants. No statistical difference between groups on clinical outcomes was expected in this pilot study. There was between-subject variation in the PSA post treatment, but on average the active treatment group experienced a non-significant increase in the log-slope of PSA (pre-treatment doubling time = 10.2 months, post-treatment doubling time = 5.5 months), and the placebo group experienced no change in the log-slope of PSA (pre-treatment doubling time = 10.8 months, post-treatment doubling time = 10.9 months). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that a fully powered study of this combination is feasible in men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer and a moderate PSA rise rate. Prostate 77:765-775, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diana van Die
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott G Williams
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jon Emery
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kerry M Bone
- Integria (MediHerb), Warwick, Queensland, Australia
- New York Chiropractic College, Seneca Falls, New York
| | - Jeremy M G Taylor
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth Lusk
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marie V Pirotta
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Rowles JL, Ranard KM, Smith JW, An R, Erdman JW. Increased dietary and circulating lycopene are associated with reduced prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2017; 20:361-377. [PMID: 28440323 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Many epidemiological studies have investigated the association between prostate cancer and lycopene, however, results have been inconsistent. This study aims to determine the impact of dietary and circulating concentrations of lycopene on PCa risk and to investigate potential dose-response associations. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis for the for the association between dietary and circulating lycopene and PCa risk. Eligible studies were published before 1 December 2016 and were identified from PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. We estimated pooled relative risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random and fixed effects models. Linear and nonlinear dose-response relationships were also evaluated for PCa risk. RESULTS Forty-two studies were included in the analysis, which included 43 851 cases of PCa reported from 692 012 participants. Both dietary intake (RR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.78-0.98, P=0.017) and circulating concentrations (RR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.79-0.98, P=0.019) of lycopene were significantly associated with reduced PCa risk. Sensitivity analyses within the dose-response analysis further revealed a significant linear dose-response for dietary lycopene and PCa risk such that PCa decreased by 1% for every additional 2 mg of lycopene consumed (P=0.026). Additionally, PCa risk decreased by 3.5 to 3.6% for each additional 10 μgdl-1 of circulating lycopene in the linear and nonlinear models respectively (plinear=0.004, pnonlinear=0.006). While there were no associations between lycopene and advanced PCa, there was a trend for protection against PCa aggressiveness (RR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.55-1.00, P=0.052). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that higher dietary and circulating lycopene concentrations are inversely associated with PCa risk. This was accompanied by dose-response relationships for dietary and circulating lycopene. However, lycopene was not associated with a reduced risk of advanced PCa. Further studies are required to determine the mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rowles
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - K M Ranard
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - J W Smith
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - R An
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - J W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Hussain SS, Kumar AP, Ghosh R. Food-based natural products for cancer management: Is the whole greater than the sum of the parts? Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:233-246. [PMID: 27397504 PMCID: PMC5067244 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The rise in cancer incidence and mortality in developing countries together with the human and financial cost of current cancer therapy mandates a closer look at alternative ways to overcome this burgeoning global healthcare problem. Epidemiological evidence for the association between cancer and diet and the long latency of most cancer progression have led to active exploration of whole and isolated natural chemicals from different naturally occurring substances in various preclinical and clinical settings. In general the lack of systemic toxicities of most 'whole' and 'isolated' natural compounds, their potential to reduce toxic doses and potential to delay the development of drug-resistance makes them promising candidates for cancer management. This review article examines the suggested molecular mechanisms affected by these substances focusing to a large extent on prostate cancer and deliberates on the disparate results obtained from cell culture, preclinical and clinical studies in an effort to highlight the use of whole extracts and isolated constituents for intervention. As such these studies underscore the importance of factors such as treatment duration, bioavailability, route of administration, selection criteria, standardized formulation and clinical end points in clinical trial design with both entities. Overall lack of parallel comparison studies between the whole natural products and their isolated compounds limits decisive conclusions regarding the superior utility of one over the other. We suggest the critical need for rigorous comparative research to identify which one of the two or both entities from nature would be best qualified to take on the mantle of cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleman S Hussain
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Addanki P Kumar
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Cancer Therapy and Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Cancer Therapy and Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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