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Karagiannidis AG, Theodorakopoulou MP, Pella E, Sarafidis PA, Ortiz A. Uromodulin biology. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024; 39:1073-1087. [PMID: 38211973 PMCID: PMC11210992 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Uromodulin is a kidney-specific glycoprotein which is exclusively produced by the epithelial cells lining the thick ascending limb and early distal convoluted tubule. It is currently recognized as a multifaceted player in kidney physiology and disease, with discrete roles for intracellular, urinary, interstitial and serum uromodulin. Among these, uromodulin modulates renal sodium handling through the regulation of tubular sodium transporters that reabsorb sodium and are targeted by diuretics, such as the loop diuretic-sensitive Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter type 2 (NKCC2) and the thiazide-sensitive Na+/Cl- cotransporter (NCC). Given these roles, the contribution of uromodulin to sodium-sensitive hypertension has been proposed. However, recent studies in humans suggest a more complex interaction between dietary sodium intake, uromodulin and blood pressure. This review presents an updated overview of the uromodulin's biology and its various roles, and focuses on the interaction between uromodulin and sodium-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemios G Karagiannidis
- First Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marieta P Theodorakopoulou
- First Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eva Pella
- First Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis A Sarafidis
- First Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Laghmani K. Protein Quality Control of NKCC2 in Bartter Syndrome and Blood Pressure Regulation. Cells 2024; 13:818. [PMID: 38786040 PMCID: PMC11120568 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in NKCC2 generate antenatal Bartter syndrome type 1 (type 1 BS), a life-threatening salt-losing nephropathy characterized by arterial hypotension, as well as electrolyte abnormalities. In contrast to the genetic inactivation of NKCC2, inappropriate increased NKCC2 activity has been associated with salt-sensitive hypertension. Given the importance of NKCC2 in salt-sensitive hypertension and the pathophysiology of prenatal BS, studying the molecular regulation of this Na-K-2Cl cotransporter has attracted great interest. Therefore, several studies have addressed various aspects of NKCC2 regulation, such as phosphorylation and post-Golgi trafficking. However, the regulation of this cotransporter at the pre-Golgi level remained unknown for years. Similar to several transmembrane proteins, export from the ER appears to be the rate-limiting step in the cotransporter's maturation and trafficking to the plasma membrane. The most compelling evidence comes from patients with type 5 BS, the most severe form of prenatal BS, in whom NKCC2 is not detectable in the apical membrane of thick ascending limb (TAL) cells due to ER retention and ER-associated degradation (ERAD) mechanisms. In addition, type 1 BS is one of the diseases linked to ERAD pathways. In recent years, several molecular determinants of NKCC2 export from the ER and protein quality control have been identified. The aim of this review is therefore to summarize recent data regarding the protein quality control of NKCC2 and to discuss their potential implications in BS and blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Laghmani
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France;
- CNRS, ERL8228, F-75006 Paris, France
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Ali W, Chen Y, Hassan MF, Wang T, Khatyan U, Sun J, Liu Z, Zou H. Osmoregulatory and immunological role of new canceled cells: Mitochondrial rich cells and its future perspective: A concise review. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:99-106. [PMID: 37905465 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-rich cells (MRCs) are one of the most significant canceled type of epithelial cells. Morphologically these cells are totally different from other epithelial cells. These cells primarily implicated in sea-water and fresh-water adaptation, and acid-base regulation. However, in this review paper, we explored some of the most intriguing biological and immune-related functional developmental networks of MRCs. The main pinpoint, MRCs perform a dynamic osmoregulatory and immunological functional role in the gut and male reproductive system. The Na+/K+_ATPase (NKA) and Na+/K+/2Cl cotransporter (NKCC) are key acidifying proteins of MRCs for the ion-transporting function for intestinal homeostasis and maintenance of acidifying the luminal microenvironment in the male reproductive system. Further more importantly, MRCs play a novel immunological role through the exocrine secretion of nano-scale exosomes and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) pathway, which is very essential for sperm maturation, motility, acrosome reaction, and male sex hormones, and these an essential events to produce male gametes with optimal fertilizing ability. This effort is expected to promote the novel immunological role of MRCs, which might be essential for nano-scale exosome secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Ali
- Department of Veterinary Internal medicine & Clinical Diagnosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Veterinary Internal medicine & Clinical Diagnosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Farooque Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Internal medicine & Clinical Diagnosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Veterinary Internal medicine & Clinical Diagnosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Uzma Khatyan
- Department of Veterinary Internal medicine & Clinical Diagnosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Veterinary Internal medicine & Clinical Diagnosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongping Liu
- Department of Veterinary Internal medicine & Clinical Diagnosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zou
- Department of Veterinary Internal medicine & Clinical Diagnosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Pati R, Palazzo C, Valente O, Abbrescia P, Messina R, Surdo NC, Lefkimmiatis K, Signorelli F, Nicchia GP, Frigeri A. The Readthrough Isoform AQP4ex Is Constitutively Phosphorylated in the Perivascular Astrocyte Endfeet of Human Brain. Biomolecules 2022; 12:633. [PMID: 35625560 PMCID: PMC9138620 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AQP4ex is a recently discovered isoform of AQP4 generated by a translational readthrough mechanism. It is strongly expressed at the astrocyte perivascular endfeet as a component of the supramolecular membrane complex, commonly called orthogonal array of particles (OAP), together with the canonical isoforms M1 and M23 of AQP4. Previous site-directed mutagenesis experiments suggested the potential role of serine331 and serine335, located in the extended peptide of AQP4ex, in water channel activity by phosphorylation. In the present study we evaluated the effective phosphorylation of human AQP4ex. A small scale bioinformatic analysis indicated that only Ser335 is conserved in human, mouse and rat AQP4ex. The phosphorylation site of Ser335 was assessed through generation of phospho-specific antibodies in rabbits. Antibody specificity was first evaluated in binding phosphorylated peptide versus its unphosphorylated analog by ELISA, which was further confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis experiments. Western blot and immunofluorescence experiments revealed strong expression of phosphorylated AQP4ex (p-AQP4ex) in human brain and localization at the perivascular astrocyte endfeet in supramolecular assemblies identified by BN/PAGE experiments. All together, these data reveal, for the first time, the existence of a phosphorylated form of AQP4, at Ser335 in the extended sequence exclusive of AQP4ex. Therefore, we anticipate an important physiological role of p-AQP4ex in human brain water homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pati
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (C.P.); (O.V.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Claudia Palazzo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (C.P.); (O.V.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Onofrio Valente
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (C.P.); (O.V.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Pasqua Abbrescia
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (C.P.); (O.V.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Raffaella Messina
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (C.P.); (O.V.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Nicoletta Concetta Surdo
- Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy; (N.C.S.); (K.L.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Lefkimmiatis
- Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy; (N.C.S.); (K.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Signorelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (C.P.); (O.V.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Grazia Paola Nicchia
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 840 Kennedy Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Antonio Frigeri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (C.P.); (O.V.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (F.S.)
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 840 Kennedy Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Mazaheri M, Assadi F, Sadeghi-Bojd S. Adjunctive acetazolamide therapy for the treatment of Bartter syndrome. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 52:121-128. [PMID: 31820361 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-019-02351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bartter syndrome is a rare hereditary salt-losing tubulopathy caused by mutations of several genes in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, characterized by polyuria, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, growth retardation and normal blood pressure. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors, potassium-sparing diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are currently used to treat electrolyte derangements, but with poor response. Whether treatment with acetazolamide, a carbonic-anhydrase inhibitor, would result in better clinical outcomes is unknown. METHODS We randomly assigned children with Bartter syndrome in a 1:1 ratio to either receive indomethacin, enalapril, and spironolactone or indomethacin, enalapril, and spironolactone plus acetazolamide once daily in the morning for 4 weeks. After 2 days of washout, participants crossed over to receive the alternative intervention for 4 weeks. The present study examines the serum bicarbonate lowering effect of acetazolamide as an adjunctive therapy in children with Batter syndrome. RESULTS Of the 43 patients screened for eligibility, 22 (51%), between the ages 6 and 42 months, were randomized to intervention. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Addition of acetazolamide for a period of 4 weeks significantly reduced serum bicarbonate and increased serum potassium levels, parallel with a reduction in serum aldosterone and plasma renin concentration. The 24-h urine volume, sodium, potassium, and chloride decreased significantly. CONCLUSION Our data define a new physiologic and therapeutic role of acetazolamide for the management of children with Bartter syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Mazaheri
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran
| | - Farahnak Assadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Rush University Medical Center, 445 East North Water Street, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Simin Sadeghi-Bojd
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Hepsin-mediated Processing of Uromodulin is Crucial for Salt-sensitivity and Thick Ascending Limb Homeostasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12287. [PMID: 31444371 PMCID: PMC6707305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Uromodulin is a zona pellucida-type protein essentially produced in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the mammalian kidney. It is the most abundant protein in normal urine. Defective uromodulin processing is associated with various kidney disorders. The luminal release and subsequent polymerization of uromodulin depend on its cleavage mediated by the serine protease hepsin. The biological relevance of a proper cleavage of uromodulin remains unknown. Here we combined in vivo testing on hepsin-deficient mice, ex vivo analyses on isolated tubules and in vitro studies on TAL cells to demonstrate that hepsin influence on uromodulin processing is an important modulator of salt transport via the sodium cotransporter NKCC2 in the TAL. At baseline, hepsin-deficient mice accumulate uromodulin, along with hyperactivated NKCC2, resulting in a positive sodium balance and a better adaptation to water deprivation. In conditions of high salt intake, defective uromodulin processing predisposes hepsin-deficient mice to a salt-wasting phenotype, with a decreased salt sensitivity. These modifications are associated with intracellular accumulation of uromodulin, endoplasmic reticulum-stress and signs of tubular damage. These studies expand the physiological role of hepsin and uromodulin and highlight the importance of hepsin-mediated processing of uromodulin for kidney tubule homeostasis and salt sensitivity.
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Abstract
Bartter syndrome is an inherited renal tubular disorder caused by a defective salt reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle, resulting in salt wasting, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. Mutations of several genes encoding the transporters and channels involved in salt reabsorption in the thick ascending limb cause different types of Bartter syndrome. A poor phenotype-genotype relationship due to the interaction with other cotransporters and different degrees of compensation through alternative pathways is currently reported. However, phenotypic identification still remains the first step to guide the suspicion of Bartter syndrome. Given the rarity of the syndrome, and the lack of genetic characterization in most cases, limited clinical evidence for treatment is available and the therapy is based mainly on the comprehension of renal physiology and relies on the physician's personal experiences. A better understanding of the mutated channels and transporters could possibly generate targets for specific treatment in the future, also encompassing drugs aiming to correct deficiencies in folding or plasma membrane expression of the mutated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara da Silva Cunha
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Ita Pfeferman Heilberg
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil,
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Zacchia M, Capolongo G, Rinaldi L, Capasso G. The importance of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop in renal physiology and pathophysiology. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2018; 11:81-92. [PMID: 29497325 PMCID: PMC5818843 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s154000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The thick ascending limb (TAL) of Henle’s loop is a crucial segment for many tasks of the nephron. Indeed, the TAL is not only a mainstay for reabsorption of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and divalent cations such as calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) from the luminal fluid, but also has an important role in urine concentration, overall acid–base homeostasis, and ammonia cycle. Transcellular Na+ transport along the TAL is a prerequisite for Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ homeostasis, and water reabsorption, the latter through its contribution in the generation of the cortico-medullar osmotic gradient. The role of this nephron site in acid–base balance, via bicarbonate reabsorption and acid secretion, is sometimes misunderstood by clinicians. This review describes in detail these functions, reporting in addition to the well-known molecular mechanisms, some novel findings from the current literature; moreover, the pathophysiology and the clinical relevance of primary or acquired conditions caused by TAL dysfunction are discussed. Knowing the physiology of the TAL is fundamental for clinicians, for a better understanding and management of rare and common conditions, such as tubulopathies, hypertension, and loop diuretics abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Zacchia
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Capolongo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Teng F, Guo M, Liu F, Wang C, Dong J, Zhang L, Zou Y, Chen R, Sun K, Fu H, Fu Z, Guo W, Ding G. Treatment with an SLC12A1 antagonist inhibits tumorigenesis in a subset of hepatocellular carcinomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53571-53582. [PMID: 27447551 PMCID: PMC5288206 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A central aim in cancer research is to identify genes with altered expression patterns in tumor specimens and their potential role in tumorigenesis. Most types of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are heterogeneous in terms of genotype and phenotype. Thus, traditional analytical methods like the t-test fail to identify all oncogenes from expression profiles. In this study, we performed a meta-Cancer Outlier Profile Analysis (meta-COPA) across six microarray datasets for HCC from the GEO database. We found that gene SLC12A1 was overexpressed in the Hep3B cell line, compared with five other HCC cell lines and L02 cells. We also found that the upregulation of SLC12A1 was mediated by histone methylation within its promoter region, and that SLC12A1 is a positive regulator of the WNK1/ERK5 pathway. Consistent with in vitro results, treatment with the SLC12A1 antagonist Bumetanide delayed tumor formation and reduced Hep3B cell tumor size in mouse xenografts. In summary, our research reveals a novel subset of HCCs that are sensitive to SLC12A1 antagonist treatment, thereby offering a new strategy for precision HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Teng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jiayong Dong
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - You Zou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Keyan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Hong Fu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Zhiren Fu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wenyuan Guo
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Guoshan Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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Castro A, Li Y, Raver C, Chandra R, Masri R, Lobo MK, Keller A. Neuropathic pain after chronic nerve constriction may not correlate with chloride dysregulation in mouse trigeminal nucleus caudalis neurons. Pain 2017; 158:1366-1372. [PMID: 28426550 PMCID: PMC5482239 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in chloride reversal potential in rat spinal cord neurons have previously been associated with persistent pain in nerve injury and inflammation models. These changes correlate with a decrease in the expression of the potassium chloride transporter, KCC2, and with increases in neuronal excitability. Here, we test the hypothesis that similar changes occur in mice with neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury of the trigeminal infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION). This model allows us to distinguish an acute pain phase (3-5 days after injury) from a persistent pain phase (12-14 days after CCI-ION). Chronic constriction injury of the trigeminal infraorbital nerve induced significant decreases in mechanical pain thresholds in both the acute and persistent phases. To estimate GABAA reversal potentials in neurons from trigeminal nucleus caudalis, we obtained perforated patch recordings in vitro. GABAA reversal potential decreased by 8% during the acute phase in unidentified neurons, but not in GABAergic interneurons. However, at 12 to 14 days after CCI-ION, GABAA reversal potential recovered to normal values. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed no significant changes, at either 3 to 5 days or 12 to 14 days after CCI-ION, in either KCC2 or NKCC1. These findings suggest that CCI-ION in mice results in transient and modest changes in chloride reversal potentials, and that these changes may not persist during the late phase. This suggests that, in the mouse model of CCI-ION, chloride dysregulation may not have a prominent role in the central mechanisms leading to the maintenance of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Castro
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland
| | - Charles Raver
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland
| | - Radi Masri
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Surgery, Baltimore College of Dentistry. Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland
| | - Asaf Keller
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland
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11
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Marunaka Y, Marunaka R, Sun H, Yamamoto T, Kanamura N, Taruno A. Na + homeostasis by epithelial Na + channel (ENaC) and Na x channel (Na x): cooperation of ENaC and Na x. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:S11. [PMID: 27867979 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.10.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;; Department of Bio-Ionomics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;; Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto 602-8013, Japan
| | - Rie Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;; Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hongxin Sun
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Taruno
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Na+/K+-ATPase β1-subunit is recruited in Na-K-2Cl co-transporter isoform 2 multiprotein complexes in rat kidneys: possible role in blood pressure regulation. J Hypertens 2016; 32:1842-53. [PMID: 24927069 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The progression from prehypertensive to hypertensive state in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) is accompanied by a significant increase in membrane expression of Na-K-2Cl co-transporter isoform 2 (NKCC2), suggesting that the altered NKCC2 trafficking and activity are directly related with the development of hypertension in this strain. The aim of this work is to gain insights on the molecular mechanism that underlies this phenomenon. METHODS We performed a comparative analysis of NKCC2 multiprotein complexes (MPCs) in the kidney of SHRs versus Wistar Kyoto rats by Blue Native difference gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. RESULTS We found that the recruitment of the β-subunit isoform 1 of the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase (β1NK) in NKCC2 MPCs was significantly increased in the kidneys of SHR compared with Wistar Kyoto rat control strain. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that β1NK actually interacts with NKCC2 in the native tissue. The analysis of the physiological role of β1NK-NKCC2 interaction in human embryonic kidney cells showed that β1NK increased the steady-state membrane expression and activity of NKCC2 enhancing NKCC2 trafficking toward the plasma membrane. CONCLUSION We identify a new NKCC2-interacting partner involved in the modulation of NKCC2 intracellular trafficking and possibly involved in the regulation of blood pressure.
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Posttranslational regulation of the cation–chloride symporter Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter-2 in spontaneously hypertensive rat kidneys. J Hypertens 2014; 32:1778-9. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Markadieu N, Delpire E. Physiology and pathophysiology of SLC12A1/2 transporters. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:91-105. [PMID: 24097229 PMCID: PMC3877717 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The electroneutral Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporters NKCC1 (encoded by the SLC12A2 gene) and NKCC2 (SLC12A1 gene) belong to the Na(+)-dependent subgroup of solute carrier 12 (SLC12) family of transporters. They mediate the electroneutral movement of Na(+) and K(+), tightly coupled to the movement of Cl(-) across cell membranes. As they use the energy of the ion gradients generated by the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase to transport Na(+), K(+), and Cl(-) from the outside to the inside of a cell, they are considered secondary active transport mechanisms. NKCC-mediated transport occurs in a 1Na(+), 1K(+), and 2Cl(-) ratio, although NKCC1 has been shown to sometimes mediate partial reactions. Both transporters are blocked by bumetanide and furosemide, drugs which are commonly used in clinical medicine. NKCC2 is the molecular target of loop diuretics as it is expressed on the apical membrane of thick ascending limb of Henle epithelial cells, where it mediates NaCl reabsorption. NKCC1, in contrast, is found on the basolateral membrane of Cl(-) secretory epithelial cells, as well as in a variety of non-epithelial cells, where it mediates cell volume regulation and participates in Cl(-) homeostasis. Following their molecular identification two decades ago, much has been learned about their biophysical properties, their mode of operation, their regulation by kinases and phosphatases, and their physiological relevance. However, despite this tremendous amount of new information, there are still so many gaps in our knowledge. This review summarizes information that constitutes consensus in the field, but it also discusses current points of controversy and highlights many unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Markadieu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, MCN T-4202, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Abstract
Sodium and potassium are essential for human health. They are important ions in the body and are associated with many physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. The chapter summarizes the basic physiologic actions of sodium and potassium on membranes of the neurologic and muscular systems. It provides information regarding the kinetics, i.e., absorption, distribution, and excretion of these ions and their movement between the intracellular and extracellular compartments. It also explains the physiologic systems that can influence proper homeostasis between sodium and potassium. Concentrations of sodium in the blood that exceed or do not reach the normal value range are called hypernatremia or hyponatremia, respectively. Similarly, the clinicians recognize hyperkalemia and hypokalemia. Pathologies associated with these states are described and examples of some of the diseases are presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana R Pohl
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop F-57, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA,
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