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Sakamoto K, Ogawa K, Tamura K, Honjo M, Funamizu N, Takada Y. Prognostic Role of the Intrahepatic Lymphatic System in Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072142. [PMID: 37046803 PMCID: PMC10093457 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several prognosticators, such as lymph node metastasis (LNM), were reported for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), the prognostic impact of intrahepatic lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) in liver cancer has rarely been reported. We sought to clarify the prognostic impact of intrahepatic lymphatic system involvement in liver cancer. We systematically reviewed retrospective studies that described LVI and clinical outcomes of liver cancer and also included studies that investigated tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis. We conducted a meta-analysis using RevMan software (version 5.4.1; Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). The prognostic impact of intrahepatic LVI in HCC was not reported previously. However, tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis reportedly correlates with prognosis after HCC resection. The prognostic impact of intrahepatic LVI was reported severally for ICC and a meta-analysis showed that overall survival was poorer in patients with positive LVI than with negative LVI after resection of ICC. Lymphangiogenesis was also reported to predict unfavorable prognosis in ICC. Regarding colorectal liver metastases, LVI was identified as a poor prognosticator in a meta-analysis. A few reports showed correlations between LVI/lymphangiogenesis and LNM in liver cancer. LVI and lymphangiogenesis showed worse prognostic impacts for liver cancer than their absence, but further study is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Sakamoto
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Kou, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Kou, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kei Tamura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Kou, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masahiko Honjo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Kou, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
| | - Naotake Funamizu
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Kou, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yasutsugu Takada
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Kou, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
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2
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Chaudhary B, Kumar P, Arya P, Singla D, Kumar V, Kumar D, S R, Wadhwa S, Gulati M, Singh SK, Dua K, Gupta G, Gupta MM. Recent Developments in the Study of the Microenvironment of Cancer and Drug Delivery. Curr Drug Metab 2023; 23:CDM-EPUB-128715. [PMID: 36627789 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230110145513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by disrupted molecular variables caused by cells that deviate from regular signal transduction. The uncontrolled segment of such cancerous cells annihilates most of the tissues that contact them. Gene therapy, immunotherapy, and nanotechnology advancements have resulted in novel strategies for anticancer drug delivery. Furthermore, diverse dispersion of nanoparticles in normal stroma cells adversely affects the healthy cells and disrupts the crosstalk of tumour stroma. It can contribute to cancer cell progression inhibition and, conversely, to acquired resistance, enabling cancer cell metastasis and proliferation. The tumour's microenvironment is critical in controlling the dispersion and physiological activities of nano-chemotherapeutics which is one of the targeted drug therapy. As it is one of the methods of treating cancer that involves the use of medications or other substances to specifically target and kill off certain subsets of malignant cells. A targeted therapy may be administered alone or in addition to more conventional methods of care like surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation treatment. The tumour microenvironment, stromatogenesis, barriers and advancement in the drug delivery system across tumour tissue are summarised in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benu Chaudhary
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Shri Ram College of Pharmacy, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Preeti Arya
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Singla
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- Swami Dayanand post graduate institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Davinder Kumar
- Swami Dayanand post graduate institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Roshan S
- Deccan College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sheetu Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Madan Mohan Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad &Tobago, WI
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3
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Qu N, Bo X, Li B, Ma L, Wang F, Zheng Q, Xiao X, Huang F, Shi Y, Zhang X. Role of N6-Methyladenosine (m 6A) Methylation Regulators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:755206. [PMID: 34692544 PMCID: PMC8529104 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.755206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fifth most common malignant tumor in terms of incidence and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. Although great progress has been made in surgical techniques, hepatic artery chemoembolization, molecular targeting and immunotherapy, the prognosis of liver cancer patients remains very poor. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal RNA modification in eukaryotic cells and regulates various stages of the RNA life cycle. Many studies have reported that the abnormal expression of m6A-related regulators in HCC represent diagnostic and prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets. In this review, firstly, we introduce the latest research on m6A-related regulators in detail. Next, we summarize the mechanism of each regulator in the pathogenesis and progression of HCC. Finally, we summarize the potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value of the regulators currently reported in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanfang Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaotong Bo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qinghua Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xuhua Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Fengmei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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4
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Lin YW, Weng XF, Huang BL, Guo HP, Xu YW, Peng YH. IGFBP-1 in cancer: expression, molecular mechanisms, and potential clinical implications. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:813-832. [PMID: 33841624 PMCID: PMC8014352 DOI: pmid/33841624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) belongs to the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, which plays an indispensable role in normal growth and development, and in the pathophysiology of various tumors. IGFBP-1 has been shown to be associated with the risk of various tumors, and has a vital function in regulating tumor behaviors such as proliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion through different molecular mechanisms. The biological actions of IGFBP-1 in cancer are found to be related to its phosphorylation state, and the IGF-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In this review, we provided an overview of IGFBP-1 in normal physiology, and its aberrantly expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms in a range of common tumors, as well as discussed the potential clinical implications of IGFBP-1 as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Fen Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin-Liang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Peng Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Liu PJ, Harris JM, Marchi E, D'Arienzo V, Michler T, Wing PAC, Magri A, Ortega-Prieto AM, van de Klundert M, Wettengel J, Durantel D, Dorner M, Klenerman P, Protzer U, Giotis ES, McKeating JA. Hypoxic gene expression in chronic hepatitis B virus infected patients is not observed in state-of-the-art in vitro and mouse infection models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14101. [PMID: 32839523 PMCID: PMC7445281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. The prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)-hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway is a key mammalian oxygen sensing pathway and is frequently perturbed by pathological states including infection and inflammation. We discovered a significant upregulation of hypoxia regulated gene transcripts in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in the absence of liver cirrhosis. We used state-of-the-art in vitro and in vivo HBV infection models to evaluate a role for HBV infection and the viral regulatory protein HBx to drive HIF-signalling. HBx had no significant impact on HIF expression or associated transcriptional activity under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we found no evidence of hypoxia gene expression in HBV de novo infection, HBV infected human liver chimeric mice or transgenic mice with integrated HBV genome. Collectively, our data show clear evidence of hypoxia gene induction in CHB that is not recapitulated in existing models for acute HBV infection, suggesting a role for inflammatory mediators in promoting hypoxia gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jianrui Liu
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - James M Harris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Medawar Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Valentina D'Arienzo
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Thomas Michler
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Trogerstrasse 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter A C Wing
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Andrea Magri
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Ana Maria Ortega-Prieto
- Section of Molecular Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Maarten van de Klundert
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Trogerstrasse 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Wettengel
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Trogerstrasse 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - David Durantel
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052, and University of Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Marcus Dorner
- Section of Molecular Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Medawar Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Trogerstrasse 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Efstathios S Giotis
- Section of Molecular Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, C04 3SQ, UK
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
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6
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Hu X, Lin J, Jiang M, He X, Wang K, Wang W, Hu C, Shen Z, He Z, Lin H, Wu D, Wang M. HIF-1α Promotes the Metastasis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting SP1. J Cancer 2020; 11:229-240. [PMID: 31892989 PMCID: PMC6930417 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In microenvironment of malignant tumors, Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIF), most importantly HIF-1α, play an important role in regulation of adaptive biological response to hypoxia, promoting angiogenesis and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism that HIF-1α regulates metastasis needs to be further clarified. Methods: The expressions of HIF-1α and SP1 were detected in 182 samples of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the correlation between the expression levels of HIF-1α and SP1 was analyzed. The expression of HIF-1α in ESCC cell lines TE1 and KYSE30 was then detected using qRT-PCR and western blot. The potential binding sites of HIF-1α on the SP1 promoter were analyzed using UCSC and JASPAR databases, verified by chromosomal immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and qRT-PCR. The effects of HIF-1α and SP1 on ESCC cell migration and invasion were then tested with Transwell and Matrigel experiments. Results: The expression of HIF-1α in cancer tissues is higher than adjacent normal tissues, and is correlated with metastasis, recurrence and poor prognosis. Upon silencing HIF-1α by siRNA, the invasion and migration ability of ESCC cells were significantly inhibited, which could be restored by the overexpression of SP1. Hypoxic conditions significantly increased the expression of HIF-1α and SP1 at both protein and mRNA levels in ESCC cells. HIF-1α enhanced SP1 transcription through binding to the promoter region. The expression of protein and mRNA levels of SP1 was decreased by silencing HIF-1α in cells. In contrast, overexpression of HIF-1α significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of SP1. The expression of SP1 in ESCC was positively correlated with the protein expression of HIF-1α and poor prognosis. Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that HIF-1α promotes metastasis of ESCC by targeting SP1 in a hypoxic microenvironment. Further study on this mechanism may elucidate the possibility of HIF-1α and SP1 as new targets for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120
| | - Jiatong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China 510120
| | - Xiaotian He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120
| | - Kefeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120
| | - Chuwen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120
| | - Zhiwen Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120
| | - Zhanghai He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120
| | - Huayue Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120.,Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120
| | - Duoguang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120
| | - Minghui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120
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7
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Cote B, Rao D, Alany RG, Kwon GS, Alani AW. Lymphatic changes in cancer and drug delivery to the lymphatics in solid tumors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 144:16-34. [PMID: 31461662 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although many solid tumors use the lymphatic system to metastasize, there are few treatment options that directly target cancer present in the lymphatic system, and those that do are highly invasive, uncomfortable, and/or have limitations. In this review we provide a brief overview of lymphatic function and anatomy, discusses changes that befall the lymphatics in cancer and the mechanisms by which these changes occur, and highlight limitations of lymphatic drug delivery. We then go on to summarize relevant techniques and new research for targeting cancer populations in the lymphatics and enhancing drug delivery intralymphatically, including intralymphatic injections, isolated limb perfusion, passive nano drug delivery systems, and actively targeted nanomedicine.
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8
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de Aquino Martins ARL, Santos HBDP, Mafra RP, Nonaka CFW, Souza LBD, Pinto LP. Participation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and lymphangiogenesis in metastatic and non-metastatic lower lip squamous cell carcinoma. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:1741-1747. [PMID: 30119998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the lymphatic density and HIF-1α immunoexpression in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC) and their correlation with clinicopathological (nodal metastasis, clinical stage, histological grade, recurrence and disease outcome) and survival parameters in 20 metastatic and 20 non-metastatic LLSCCs. Lymphatic density was established by counting microvessels (D2-40+) at the tumor core (intratumoral lymphatic density, ILD) and at the invasive front (peritumoral lymphatic density, PLD) and percentages of immunopositive cells for HIF-1α were established. No statistically significant differences in lymphatic densities in relation to clinicopathological parameters were observed (P > 0.05). All cases exhibited nuclear and cytoplasmic HIF-1α immunoexpression, with relatively high percentages of positivity, but this expression was not statistically different in relation to clinicopathological variables (P > 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between ILD and PLD (P = 0.002), and between nuclear HIF-1α immunoexpression at the tumor core and ILD (P = 0.001). The results suggest ILD and PLD are not directly related to the development of lymph node metastasis in LLSCC. The striking expression of HIF-1α suggests the involvement of this protein in the etiopathogenesis of LLSCCs, possibly stimulating lymphangiogenesis at the tumor core. However, this protein does not seem to exert a determining influence on the biological aggressiveness of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hellen Bandeira de Pontes Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Porpino Mafra
- Postgraduation Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | | | - Lélia Batista de Souza
- Postgraduation Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Leão Pereira Pinto
- Postgraduation Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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9
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Petrova V, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Amelio I. The hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:10. [PMID: 29362402 PMCID: PMC5833859 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-017-0011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression often benefits from the selective conditions present in the tumour microenvironment, such as the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), deregulated ECM deposition, expanded vascularisation and repression of the immune response. Generation of a hypoxic environment and activation of its main effector, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), are common features of advanced cancers. In addition to the impact on tumour cell biology, the influence that hypoxia exerts on the surrounding cells represents a critical step in the tumorigenic process. Hypoxia indeed enables a number of events in the tumour microenvironment that lead to the expansion of aggressive clones from heterogeneous tumour cells and promote a lethal phenotype. In this article, we review the most relevant findings describing the influence of hypoxia and the contribution of HIF activation on the major components of the tumour microenvironment, and we summarise their role in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Petrova
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
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10
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Xiong XX, Qiu XY, Hu DX, Chen XQ. Advances in Hypoxia-Mediated Mechanisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:246-255. [PMID: 28242743 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common and the third most deadly malignant tumor worldwide. Hypoxia and related oxidative stress are heavily involved in the process of HCC development and its therapies. However, direct and accurate measurement of oxygen concentration and evaluation of hypoxic effects in HCC prove difficult. Moreover, the hypoxia-mediated mechanisms in HCC remain elusive. Here, we summarize recent major evidence of hypoxia in HCC lesions shown by measuring partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), the clinical importance of hypoxic markers in HCC, and recent advances in hypoxia-related mechanisms and therapies in HCC. For the mechanisms, we focus mainly on the roles of oxygen-sensing proteins (i.e., hypoxia-inducible factor and neuroglobin) and hypoxia-induced signaling proteins (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, high mobility group box 1, Beclin 1, glucose metabolism enzymes, and vascular endothelial growth factor). With respect to therapies, we discuss mainly YQ23, sorafenib, 2-methoxyestradiol, and celastrol. This review focuses primarily on the results of clinical and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xin Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Yao Qiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dian Xing Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Qian Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Tang Q, Wu J, Zheng F, Chen Y, Hann SS. WITHDRAWN: Emodin increases expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 through activation of MEK/ERK/AMPKα and interaction of PPARγ and Sp1 in lung cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016:S0925-4439(16)30223-X. [PMID: 27615428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to an error in the publishing process, this article has been withdrawn at the request of the editors. We wish to clarify that this is in no way related to the integrity of the authors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510120
| | - JingJing Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510120
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510120
| | - YuQing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510120
| | - Swei Sunny Hann
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510120.
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Li W, He X, Xue R, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Lu J, Zhang Z, Xue L. Combined over-expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor 2α gene and its long non-coding RNA predicts unfavorable prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:861-866. [PMID: 27623205 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LncRNA hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) promoter upstream transcript (HIF2PUT) functions as a novel regulatory factor of osteosarcoma stem cells partly by controlling HIF-2α expression. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of HIF-2α and HIF2PUT in human osteosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression levels of HIF-2α mRNA and HIF2PUT in 82 surgical specimens of primary osteosarcoma and matched non-cancerous bone tissues. Then, the associations of HIF-2α and/or HIF2PUT expression with various clinicopathological features of osteosarcoma patients were statistically analyzed. Moreover, their prognostic value was further evaluated. RESULTS Compared with non-cancerous bone tissues, HIF-2α mRNA and HIF2PUT expression were both significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues (all P<0.001). Interestingly, the expression levels of HIF-2α mRNA in osteosarcoma tissues were positively correlated with those of HIF2PUT (r=0.28, P=0.009). Additionally, osteosarcoma patients with HIF-2α mRNA and/or HIF2PUT over-expression more frequently had large tumor size (all P<0.05), advanced clinical stage (all P<0.01) and positive distant metastasis (all P<0.01). Moreover, osteosarcoma patients with HIF-2α mRNA and/or HIF2PUT over-expression had a significantly shorter overall and disease-free survival (all P<0.05). Furthermore, Cox multivariate analysis identified that HIF-2α mRNA and/or HIF2PUT expression, clinical stage and distant metastasis were all independent and significant prognostic factors for both overall and disease-free survival (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS HIF-2α and HIF2PUT upregulation may be a common feature in human osteosarcomas with aggressive potency. The over-expression of the two molecules, alone or combined, may predict poor prognosis in osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China; Department of Anesthesia, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Rongliang Xue
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Jianrui Lu
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Zhenni Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
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