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Lin CP, Frigerio I, Bol JGJM, Bouwman MMA, Wesseling AJ, Dahl MJ, Rozemuller AJM, van der Werf YD, Pouwels PJW, van de Berg WDJ, Jonkman LE. Microstructural integrity of the locus coeruleus and its tracts reflect noradrenergic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:9. [PMID: 38336865 PMCID: PMC10854137 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degeneration of the locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic system contributes to clinical symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to evaluate the integrity of the LC noradrenergic system. The aim of the current study was to determine whether the diffusion MRI-measured integrity of the LC and its tracts are sensitive to noradrenergic degeneration in AD and PD. METHODS Post-mortem in situ T1-weighted and multi-shell diffusion MRI was performed for 9 AD, 14 PD, and 8 control brain donors. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity were derived from the LC, and from tracts between the LC and the anterior cingulate cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the primary motor cortex (M1) or the hippocampus. Brain tissue sections of the LC and cortical regions were obtained and immunostained for dopamine-beta hydroxylase (DBH) to quantify noradrenergic cell density and fiber load. Group comparisons and correlations between outcome measures were performed using linear regression and partial correlations. RESULTS The AD and PD cases showed loss of LC noradrenergic cells and fibers. In the cortex, the AD cases showed increased DBH + immunoreactivity in the DLPFC compared to PD cases and controls, while PD cases showed reduced DBH + immunoreactivity in the M1 compared to controls. Higher FA within the LC was found for AD, which was correlated with loss of noradrenergic cells and fibers in the LC. Increased FA of the LC-DLPFC tract was correlated with LC noradrenergic fiber loss in the combined AD and control group, whereas the increased FA of the LC-M1 tract was correlated with LC noradrenergic neuronal loss in the combined PD and control group. The tract alterations were not correlated with cortical DBH + immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS In AD and PD, the diffusion MRI-detected alterations within the LC and its tracts to the DLPFC and the M1 were associated with local noradrenergic neuronal loss within the LC, rather than noradrenergic changes in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Pei Lin
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Irene Frigerio
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John G J M Bol
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maud M A Bouwman
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex J Wesseling
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Dahl
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pathology, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Compulsivity, Impulsivity and Attention Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J W Pouwels
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E Jonkman
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Merenstein JL, Zhao J, Overson DK, Truong TK, Johnson KG, Song AW, Madden DJ. Depth- and curvature-based quantitative susceptibility mapping analyses of cortical iron in Alzheimer's disease. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad525. [PMID: 38185996 PMCID: PMC10839848 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been associated with elevated iron in deep gray matter nuclei using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). However, only a few studies have examined cortical iron, using more macroscopic approaches that cannot assess layer-specific differences. Here, we conducted column-based QSM analyses to assess whether AD-related increases in cortical iron vary in relation to layer-specific differences in the type and density of neurons. We obtained global and regional measures of positive (iron) and negative (myelin, protein aggregation) susceptibility from 22 adults with AD and 22 demographically matched healthy controls. Depth-wise analyses indicated that global susceptibility increased from the pial surface to the gray/white matter boundary, with a larger slope for positive susceptibility in the left hemisphere for adults with AD than controls. Curvature-based analyses indicated larger global susceptibility for adults with AD versus controls; the right hemisphere versus left; and gyri versus sulci. Region-of-interest analyses identified similar depth- and curvature-specific group differences, especially for temporo-parietal regions. Finding that iron accumulates in a topographically heterogenous manner across the cortical mantle may help explain the profound cognitive deterioration that differentiates AD from the slowing of general motor processes in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Merenstein
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Devon K Overson
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Trong-Kha Truong
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Kim G Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Allen W Song
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - David J Madden
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
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3
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Frigerio I, Bouwman MMA, Noordermeer RTGMM, Podobnik E, Popovic M, Timmermans E, Rozemuller AJM, van de Berg WDJ, Jonkman LE. Regional differences in synaptic degeneration are linked to alpha-synuclein burden and axonal damage in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:4. [PMID: 38173031 PMCID: PMC10765668 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01711-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Regional differences in synaptic degeneration may underlie differences in clinical presentation and neuropathological disease progression in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Here, we mapped and quantified synaptic degeneration in cortical brain regions in PD, PD with dementia (PDD) and DLB, and assessed whether regional differences in synaptic loss are linked to axonal degeneration and neuropathological burden. We included a total of 47 brain donors, 9 PD, 12 PDD, 6 DLB and 20 non-neurological controls. Synaptophysin+ and SV2A+ puncta were quantified in eight cortical regions using a high throughput microscopy approach. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) immunoreactivity, Lewy body (LB) density, phosphorylated-tau and amyloid-β load were also quantified. Group differences in synaptic density, and associations with neuropathological markers and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores, were investigated using linear mixed models. We found significantly decreased synaptophysin and SV2A densities in the cortex of PD, PDD and DLB cases compared to controls. Specifically, synaptic density was decreased in cortical regions affected at Braak α-synuclein stage 5 in PD (middle temporal gyrus, anterior cingulate and insula), and was additionally decreased in cortical regions affected at Braak α-synuclein stage 4 in PDD and DLB compared to controls (entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus and fusiform gyrus). Synaptic loss associated with higher NfL immunoreactivity and LB density. Global synaptophysin loss associated with longer disease duration and higher CDR scores. Synaptic neurodegeneration occurred in temporal, cingulate and insular cortices in PD, as well as in parahippocampal regions in PDD and DLB. In addition, synaptic loss was linked to axonal damage and severe α-synuclein burden. These results, together with the association between synaptic loss and disease progression and cognitive impairment, indicate that regional synaptic loss may underlie clinical differences between PD and PDD/DLB. Our results might provide useful information for the interpretation of synaptic biomarkers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Frigerio
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maud M A Bouwman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruby T G M M Noordermeer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Ema Podobnik
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Marko Popovic
- Department Molecular cell biology & Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Evelien Timmermans
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E Jonkman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ichimata S, Yoshida K, Li J, Rogaeva E, Lang AE, Kovacs GG. The molecular spectrum of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in neurodegenerative diseases beyond Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13210. [PMID: 37652560 PMCID: PMC10711260 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the molecular spectrum of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in neurodegenerative diseases beyond Alzheimer's disease (AD). We analyzed Aβ deposition in the temporal cortex and striatum in 116 autopsies, including Lewy body disease (LBD; N = 51), multiple system atrophy (MSA; N = 10), frontotemporal lobar degeneration-TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP; N = 16), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; N = 39). The LBD group exhibited the most Aβ deposition in the temporal cortex and striatum (90/76%, respectively), followed by PSP (69/28%), FTLD-TDP (50/25%), and the MSA group (50/10%). We conducted immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies targeting eight Aβ epitopes in the LBD and PSP groups. Immunohistochemical findings were evaluated semi-quantitatively and quantitatively using digital pathology. Females with LBD exhibited significantly more severe Aβ deposition, particularly Aβ42 and Aβ43 , along with significantly more severe tau pathology. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis of all Aβ peptides in the LBD group revealed an association with the APOE-ε4 genotypes. No significant differences were observed between males and females in the PSP group. Finally, we compared striatal Aβ deposition in cases with LBD (N = 15), AD without α-synuclein pathology (N = 6), and PSP (N = 5). There were no differences in the pan-Aβ antibody (6F/3D)-immunolabeled deposition burden among the three groups, but the deposition burden of peptides with high aggregation capacity, especially Aβ43 , was significantly higher in the AD and LBD groups than in the PSP group. Furthermore, considerable heterogeneity was observed in the composition of Aβ peptides on a case-by-case basis in the AD and LBD groups, whereas it was relatively uniform in the PSP group. Cluster analysis further supported these findings. Our data suggest that the type of concomitant proteinopathies influences the spectrum of Aβ deposition, impacted also by sex and APOE genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shojiro Ichimata
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseaseUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Koji Yoshida
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseaseUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Jun Li
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseaseUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseaseUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Anthony E. Lang
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseaseUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Rossy Program in Progressive Supranuclear PalsyToronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Gabor G. Kovacs
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseaseUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Rossy Program in Progressive Supranuclear PalsyToronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Laboratory Medicine Program and Krembil Brain InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
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5
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Lee S, Shin HG, Kim M, Lee J. Depth-wise profiles of iron and myelin in the cortex and white matter using χ-separation: A preliminary study. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120058. [PMID: 36997135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The in-vivo profiling of iron and myelin across cortical depths and underlying white matter has important implications for advancing knowledge about their roles in brain development and degeneration. Here, we utilize χ-separation, a recently-proposed advanced susceptibility mapping that creates positive (χpos) and negative (χneg) susceptibility maps, to generate the depth-wise profiles of χpos and χneg as surrogate biomarkers for iron and myelin, respectively. Two regional sulcal fundi of precentral and middle frontal areas are profiled and compared with findings from previous studies. The results show that the χpos profiles peak at superificial white matter (SWM), which is an area beneath cortical gray matter known to have the highest accumulation of iron within the cortex and white matter. On the other hand, the χneg profiles increase in SWM toward deeper white matter. These characteristics in the two profiles are in agreement with histological findings of iron and myelin. Furthermore, the χneg profiles report regional differences that agree with well-known distributions of myelin concentration. When the two profiles are compared with those of QSM and R2*, different shapes and peak locations are observed. This preliminary study offers an insight into one of the possible applications of χ-separation for exploring microstructural information of the human brain, as well as clinical applications in monitoring changes of iron and myelin in related diseases.
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Frigerio I, Laansma MA, Lin CP, Hermans EJM, Bouwman MMA, Bol JGJM, Galis-de Graaf Y, Hepp DH, Rozemuller AJM, Barkhof F, van de Berg WDJ, Jonkman LE. Neurofilament light chain is increased in the parahippocampal cortex and associates with pathological hallmarks in Parkinson's disease dementia. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:3. [PMID: 36658627 PMCID: PMC9854202 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased neurofilament levels in biofluids are commonly used as a proxy for neurodegeneration in several neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the distribution of neurofilaments in the cerebral cortex of Parkinson's disease (PD), PD with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) donors, and its association with pathology load and MRI measures of atrophy and diffusivity. METHODS Using a within-subject post-mortem MRI-pathology approach, we included 9 PD, 12 PDD/DLB and 18 age-matched control donors. Cortical thickness and mean diffusivity (MD) metrics were extracted respectively from 3DT1 and DTI at 3T in-situ MRI. After autopsy, pathological hallmarks (pSer129-αSyn, p-tau and amyloid-β load) together with neurofilament light-chain (NfL) and phosphorylated-neurofilament medium- and heavy-chain (p-NfM/H) immunoreactivity were quantified in seven cortical regions, and studied in detail with confocal-laser scanning microscopy. The correlations between MRI and pathological measures were studied using linear mixed models. RESULTS Compared to controls, p-NfM/H immunoreactivity was increased in all cortical regions in PD and PDD/DLB, whereas NfL immunoreactivity was increased in the parahippocampal and entorhinal cortex in PDD/DLB. NfL-positive neurons showed degenerative morphological features and axonal fragmentation. The increased p-NfM/H correlated with p-tau load, and NfL correlated with pSer129-αSyn but more strongly with p-tau load in PDD/DLB. Lastly, neurofilament immunoreactivity correlated with cortical thinning in PD and with increased cortical MD in PDD/DLB. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, increased neurofilament immunoreactivity suggests underlying axonal injury and neurofilament accumulation in morphologically altered neurons with increased pathological burden. Importantly, we demonstrate that such neurofilament markers at least partly explain MRI measures that are associated with the neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Frigerio
- Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Max A. Laansma
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chen-Pei Lin
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma J. M. Hermans
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maud M. A. Bouwman
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John G. J. M. Bol
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvon Galis-de Graaf
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar H. Hepp
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J. M. Rozemuller
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wilma D. J. van de Berg
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E. Jonkman
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Adhesion GPCR GPR56 Expression Profiling in Human Tissues. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123557. [PMID: 34944065 PMCID: PMC8700376 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the immense functional relevance of GPR56 (gene ADGRG1) in highly diverse (patho)physiological processes such as tumorigenesis, immune regulation, and brain development, little is known about its exact tissue localization. Here, we validated antibodies for GPR56-specific binding using cells with tagged GPR56 or eliminated ADGRG1 in immunotechniques. Using the most suitable antibody, we then established the human GPR56 tissue expression profile. Overall, ADGRG1 RNA-sequencing data of human tissues and GPR56 protein expression correlate very well. In the adult brain especially, microglia are GPR56-positive. Outside the central nervous system, GPR56 is frequently expressed in cuboidal or highly prismatic secreting epithelia. High ADGRG1 mRNA, present in the thyroid, kidney, and placenta is related to elevated GPR56 in thyrocytes, kidney tubules, and the syncytiotrophoblast, respectively. GPR56 often appears in association with secreted proteins such as pepsinogen A in gastric chief cells and insulin in islet β-cells. In summary, GPR56 shows a broad, not cell-type restricted expression in humans.
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Frigerio I, Boon BDC, Lin CP, Galis-de Graaf Y, Bol J, Preziosa P, Twisk J, Barkhof F, Hoozemans JJM, Bouwman FH, Rozemuller AJM, van de Berg WDJ, Jonkman LE. Amyloid-β, p-tau and reactive microglia are pathological correlates of MRI cortical atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab281. [PMID: 34927073 PMCID: PMC8677327 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by cortical atrophy on MRI and abnormal depositions of amyloid-beta, phosphorylated-tau and inflammation pathologically. However, the relative contribution of these pathological hallmarks to cortical atrophy, a widely used MRI biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease, is yet to be defined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the histopathological correlates of MRI cortical atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease donors, and its typical amnestic and atypical non-amnestic phenotypes. Nineteen Alzheimer’s disease (of which 10 typical and 9 atypical) and 10 non-neurological control brain donors underwent post-mortem in situ 3T 3D-T1, from which cortical thickness was calculated with Freesurfer. Upon subsequent autopsy, 12 cortical brain regions from the right hemisphere and 9 from the left hemisphere were dissected and immunostained for amyloid-beta, phosphorylated-tau and reactive microglia, and percentage area load was calculated for each marker using ImageJ. In addition, post-mortem MRI was compared to ante-mortem MRI of the same Alzheimer’s disease donors when available. MRI-pathology associations were assessed using linear mixed models. Higher amyloid-beta load weakly correlated with higher cortical thickness globally (r = 0.22, P = 0.022). Phosphorylated-tau strongly correlated with cortical atrophy in temporal and frontal regions (−0.76 < r < −1.00, all P < 0.05). Reactive microglia load strongly correlated with cortical atrophy in the parietal region (r = −0.94, P < 0.001). Moreover, post-mortem MRI scans showed high concordance with ante-mortem scans acquired <1 year before death. In conclusion, distinct histopathological markers differently correlated with cortical atrophy, highlighting their different roles in the neurodegenerative process, and therefore contributing to the understanding of the pathological underpinnings of MRI atrophic patterns in Alzheimer’s disease. In our cohort, no or only subtle differences were found in MRI-pathology associations in Alzheimer’s disease phenotypes, indicating that the histopathological correlates of cortical atrophy in typical and atypical phenotypes might be similar. Moreover, we show that post-mortem in situ MRI can be used as proxy for ante-mortem in vivo MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Frigerio
- Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Baayla D C Boon
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chen-Pei Lin
- Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvon Galis-de Graaf
- Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John Bol
- Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Preziosa
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 60-20132 Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 60-20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Jos Twisk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London WC1E, UK
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Femke H Bouwman
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Alzheimer Centrum Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura E Jonkman
- Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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9
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Disturbance of phylogenetic layer-specific adaptation of human brain gene expression in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20200. [PMID: 34642398 PMCID: PMC8511061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with typical neuropathological hallmarks, such as neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, preferentially found at layers III and V. The distribution of both hallmarks provides the basis for the staging of AD, following a hierarchical pattern throughout the cerebral cortex. To unravel the background of this layer-specific vulnerability, we evaluated differential gene expression of supragranular and infragranular layers and subcortical white matter in both healthy controls and AD patients. We identified AD-associated layer-specific differences involving protein-coding and non-coding sequences, most of those present in the subcortical white matter, thus indicating a critical role for long axons and oligodendrocytes in AD pathomechanism. In addition, GO analysis identified networks containing synaptic vesicle transport, vesicle exocytosis and regulation of neurotransmitter levels. Numerous AD-associated layer-specifically expressed genes were previously reported to undergo layer-specific switches in recent hominid brain evolution between layers V and III, i.e., those layers that are most vulnerable to AD pathology. Against the background of our previous finding of accelerated evolution of AD-specific gene expression, here we suggest a critical role in AD pathomechanism for this phylogenetic layer-specific adaptation of gene expression, which is most prominently seen in the white matter compartment.
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10
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Stoyanov D. Biological Signatures of Disease in Neuro-Psychiatry as Inter-Theoretical Reduction. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:746. [PMID: 32442080 DOI: 10.2174/156802662009200331084634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Ohm DT, Fought AJ, Martersteck A, Coventry C, Sridhar J, Gefen T, Weintraub S, Bigio E, Mesulam M, Rogalski E, Geula C. Accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and activated microglia is associated with lower neuron densities in the aphasic variant of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:189-204. [PMID: 33010092 PMCID: PMC7855834 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and amyloid-ß plaques (AP) that comprise Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology are associated with neurodegeneration and microglial activation. Activated microglia exist on a dynamic spectrum of morphologic subtypes that include resting, surveillant microglia capable of converting to activated, hypertrophic microglia closely linked to neuroinflammatory processes and AD neuropathology in amnestic AD. However, quantitative analyses of microglial subtypes and neurons are lacking in non-amnestic clinical AD variants, including primary progressive aphasia (PPA-AD). PPA-AD is a language disorder characterized by cortical atrophy and NFT densities concentrated to the language-dominant hemisphere. Here, a stereologic investigation of five PPA-AD participants determined the densities and distributions of neurons and microglial subtypes to examine how cellular changes relate to AD neuropathology and may contribute to cortical atrophy. Adjacent series of sections were immunostained for neurons (NeuN) and microglia (HLA-DR) from bilateral language and non-language regions where in vivo cortical atrophy and Thioflavin-S-positive APs and NFTs were previously quantified. NeuN-positive neurons and morphologic subtypes of HLA-DR-positive microglia (i.e., resting [ramified] microglia and activated [hypertrophic] microglia) were quantified using unbiased stereology. Relationships between neurons, microglia, AD neuropathology, and cortical atrophy were determined using linear mixed models. NFT densities were positively associated with hypertrophic microglia densities (P < 0.01) and inversely related to neuron densities (P = 0.01). Hypertrophic microglia densities were inversely related to densities of neurons (P < 0.01) and ramified microglia (P < 0.01). Ramified microglia densities were positively associated with neuron densities (P = 0.02) and inversely related to cortical atrophy (P = 0.03). Our findings provide converging evidence of divergent roles for microglial subtypes in patterns of neurodegeneration, which includes hypertrophic microglia likely driving a neuroinflammatory response more sensitive to NFTs than APs in PPA-AD. Moreover, the accumulation of both NFTs and activated hypertrophic microglia in association with low neuron densities suggest they may collectively contribute to focal neurodegeneration characteristic of PPA-AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Ohm
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s DiseaseNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Angela J. Fought
- Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Adam Martersteck
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s DiseaseNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Christina Coventry
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s DiseaseNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Jaiashre Sridhar
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s DiseaseNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Tamar Gefen
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s DiseaseNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s DiseaseNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Eileen Bigio
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s DiseaseNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
- Department of PathologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - M.‐Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s DiseaseNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Emily Rogalski
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s DiseaseNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Changiz Geula
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s DiseaseNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
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12
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Boon BDC, Bulk M, Jonker AJ, Morrema THJ, van den Berg E, Popovic M, Walter J, Kumar S, van der Lee SJ, Holstege H, Zhu X, Van Nostrand WE, Natté R, van der Weerd L, Bouwman FH, van de Berg WDJ, Rozemuller AJM, Hoozemans JJM. The coarse-grained plaque: a divergent Aβ plaque-type in early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:811-830. [PMID: 32926214 PMCID: PMC7666300 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposits, which come in myriad morphologies with varying clinical relevance. Previously, we observed an atypical Aβ deposit, referred to as the coarse-grained plaque. In this study, we evaluate the plaque's association with clinical disease and perform in-depth immunohistochemical and morphological characterization. The coarse-grained plaque, a relatively large (Ø ≈ 80 µm) deposit, characterized as having multiple cores and Aβ-devoid pores, was prominent in the neocortex. The plaque was semi-quantitatively scored in the middle frontal gyrus of Aβ-positive cases (n = 74), including non-demented cases (n = 15), early-onset (EO)AD (n = 38), and late-onset (LO)AD cases (n = 21). The coarse-grained plaque was only observed in cases with clinical dementia and more frequently present in EOAD compared to LOAD. This plaque was associated with a homozygous APOE ε4 status and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In-depth characterization was done by studying the coarse-grained plaque's neuritic component (pTau, APP, PrPC), Aβ isoform composition (Aβ40, Aβ42, AβN3pE, pSer8Aβ), its neuroinflammatory component (C4b, CD68, MHC-II, GFAP), and its vascular attribution (laminin, collagen IV, norrin). The plaque was compared to the classic cored plaque, cotton wool plaque, and CAA. Similar to CAA but different from classic cored plaques, the coarse-grained plaque was predominantly composed of Aβ40. Furthermore, the coarse-grained plaque was distinctly associated with both intense neuroinflammation and vascular (capillary) pathology. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and 3D analysis revealed for most coarse-grained plaques a particular Aβ40 shell structure and a direct relation with vessels. Based on its morphological and biochemical characteristics, we conclude that the coarse-grained plaque is a divergent Aβ plaque-type associated with EOAD. Differences in Aβ processing and aggregation, neuroinflammatory response, and vascular clearance may presumably underlie the difference between coarse-grained plaques and other Aβ deposits. Disentangling specific Aβ deposits between AD subgroups may be important in the search for disease-mechanistic-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baayla D C Boon
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Bulk
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Allert J Jonker
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjado H J Morrema
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma van den Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marko Popovic
- Microscopy and Cytometry Core Facility, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henne Holstege
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, USA
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, USA
| | - Remco Natté
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Femke H Bouwman
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Kirilina E, Helbling S, Morawski M, Pine K, Reimann K, Jankuhn S, Dinse J, Deistung A, Reichenbach JR, Trampel R, Geyer S, Müller L, Jakubowski N, Arendt T, Bazin PL, Weiskopf N. Superficial white matter imaging: Contrast mechanisms and whole-brain in vivo mapping. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/41/eaaz9281. [PMID: 33028535 PMCID: PMC7541072 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz9281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Superficial white matter (SWM) contains the most cortico-cortical white matter connections in the human brain encompassing the short U-shaped association fibers. Despite its importance for brain connectivity, very little is known about SWM in humans, mainly due to the lack of noninvasive imaging methods. Here, we lay the groundwork for systematic in vivo SWM mapping using ultrahigh resolution 7 T magnetic resonance imaging. Using biophysical modeling informed by quantitative ion beam microscopy on postmortem brain tissue, we demonstrate that MR contrast in SWM is driven by iron and can be linked to the microscopic iron distribution. Higher SWM iron concentrations were observed in U-fiber-rich frontal, temporal, and parietal areas, potentially reflecting high fiber density or late myelination in these areas. Our SWM mapping approach provides the foundation for systematic studies of interindividual differences, plasticity, and pathologies of this crucial structure for cortico-cortical connectivity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Kirilina
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Free University Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Saskia Helbling
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Morawski
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerrin Pine
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Reimann
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Jankuhn
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Dinse
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Deistung
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department of Radiology University Hospital Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Jürgen R Reichenbach
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Trampel
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Geyer
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Larissa Müller
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Jakubowski
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Spetec GmbH, Berghamer Str. 2, 85435 Erding, Germany
| | - Thomas Arendt
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pierre-Louis Bazin
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
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14
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Winsky-Sommerer R, de Oliveira P, Loomis S, Wafford K, Dijk DJ, Gilmour G. Disturbances of sleep quality, timing and structure and their relationship with other neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia: Insights from studies in patient populations and animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 97:112-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Boon BDC, Hoozemans JJM, Lopuhaä B, Eigenhuis KN, Scheltens P, Kamphorst W, Rozemuller AJM, Bouwman FH. Neuroinflammation is increased in the parietal cortex of atypical Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:170. [PMID: 29843759 PMCID: PMC5975447 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While most patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) present with memory complaints, 30% of patients with early disease onset present with non-amnestic symptoms. This atypical presentation is thought to be caused by a different spreading of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) than originally proposed by Braak and Braak. Recent studies suggest a prominent role for neuroinflammation in the spreading of tau pathology. Methods We aimed to explore whether an atypical spreading of pathology in AD is associated with an atypical distribution of neuroinflammation. Typical and atypical AD cases were selected based on both NFT distribution and amnestic or non-amnestic clinical presentation. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the temporal pole and superior parietal lobe of 10 typical and 9 atypical AD cases. The presence of amyloid-beta (N-terminal; IC16), pTau (AT8), reactive astrocytes (GFAP), microglia (Iba1, CD68, and HLA-DP/DQ/DR), and complement factors (C1q, C3d, C4b, and C5b-9) was quantified by image analysis. Differences in lobar distribution patterns of immunoreactivity were statistically assessed using a linear mixed model. Results We found a temporal dominant distribution for amyloid-beta, GFAP, and Iba1 in both typical and atypical AD. Distribution of pTau, CD68, HLA-DP/DQ/DR, C3d, and C4b differed between AD variants. Typical AD cases showed a temporal dominant distribution of these markers, whereas atypical AD cases showed a parietal dominant distribution. Interestingly, when quantifying for the number of amyloid-beta plaques instead of stained surface area, atypical AD cases differed in distribution pattern from typical AD cases. Remarkably, plaque morphology and localization of neuroinflammation within the plaques was different between the two phenotypes. Conclusions Our data show a different localization of neuroinflammatory markers and amyloid-beta plaques between AD phenotypes. In addition, these markers reflect the atypical distribution of tau pathology in atypical AD, suggesting that neuroinflammation might be a crucial link between amyloid-beta deposits, tau pathology, and clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baayla D C Boon
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boaz Lopuhaä
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel N Eigenhuis
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Kamphorst
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke H Bouwman
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Mortazavi F, Romano SE, Rosene DL, Rockland KS. A Survey of White Matter Neurons at the Gyral Crowns and Sulcal Depths in the Rhesus Monkey. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:69. [PMID: 28860975 PMCID: PMC5559435 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gyrencephalic brains exhibit deformations of the six neocortical laminae at gyral crowns and sulcal depths, where the deeper layers are, respectively, expanded and compressed. The present study addresses: (1) the degree to which the underlying white matter neurons (WMNs) observe the same changes at gyral crowns and sulcal depths; and (2) whether these changes are consistent or variable across different cortical regions. WMNs were visualized by immunohistochemistry using the pan-neuronal label NeuN, and their density was quantified in eight rhesus monkey brains for four regions; namely, frontal (FR), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), parietal (Par) and temporal (TE). In all four regions, there were about 50% fewer WMNs in the sulcal depth, but there was also distinct variability from region to region. For the gyral crown, we observed an average density per 0.21 mm2 of 82 WMNs for the FR, 51 WMNs for SFG, 80 WMNs for Par and 93 WMNs for TE regions. By contrast, for the sulcal depth, the average number of WMNs per 0.21 mm2 was 41 for FR, 31 for cingulate sulcus (underlying the SFG), 54 for Par and 63 for TE cortical regions. Since at least some WMNs participate in cortical circuitry, these results raise the possibility of their differential influence on cortical circuitry in the overlying gyral and sulcal locations. The results also point to a possible role of WMNs in the differential vulnerability of gyral vs. sulcal regions in disease processes, and reinforce the increasing awareness of the WMNs as part of a complex, heterogeneous and structured microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Mortazavi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of MedicineBoston, MA, United States
| | - Samantha E. Romano
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of MedicineBoston, MA, United States
| | - Douglas L. Rosene
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of MedicineBoston, MA, United States
| | - Kathleen S. Rockland
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of MedicineBoston, MA, United States
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